CN1898520A - Method and tool for making enhanced heat transfer surfaces - Google Patents

Method and tool for making enhanced heat transfer surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1898520A
CN1898520A CNA2004800389226A CN200480038922A CN1898520A CN 1898520 A CN1898520 A CN 1898520A CN A2004800389226 A CNA2004800389226 A CN A2004800389226A CN 200480038922 A CN200480038922 A CN 200480038922A CN 1898520 A CN1898520 A CN 1898520A
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Prior art keywords
pipe
projection
cutting
instrument
cut
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CNA2004800389226A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1898520B (en
Inventor
P·托尔斯
N·佐布科夫
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Wieland Werke AG
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Wolverine Tube Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/068—Shaving, skiving or scarifying for forming lifted portions, e.g. slices or barbs, on the surface of the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to enhanced heat transfer surfaces and methods and tools for making enhanced heat transfer surface. Certain embodiments include a boiling surface that include a plurality of primary grooves, protrusions and secondary grooves to form boiling cavities. The boiling surface may be formed by using a tool for cutting the inner surface of a tube. The tool has a tool axis and at least one tip with a cutting edge and a lifting edge. Methods for making a boiling surface are also disclosed, including cutting through the inner surface of a tube to form primary grooves, then cutting and lifting the inner surface to form protrusions and secondary grooves.

Description

Be used to make the method and the instrument of enhanced heat transfer surfaces
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to enhanced heat transfer surfaces and a kind of method and instrument that is used to make enhanced heat transfer surfaces.
Background technology
The present invention relates to enhanced heat transfer surfaces, it helps from the heat transmission of a side direction opposite side on this surface.Heating surface is generally used in some equipment, as flooded evaporator, downward film evaporator, spray-type evaporator, Absorption Refrigerator, condenser, direct expansion formula cooler and single-phase cooler and the heater that uses in freezing, chemical, petrochemical industry and food-processing industry.The multiple heat transfer medium that uses in these are used is including but not limited to the refrigerant of pure water, water glycol mixture, any kind (for example R-22, R-134a, R-123 etc.), ammonia, petrochemical industry liquid and other mixture.
The heating surface of some types absorbs heat and undergoes phase transition work by liquid.Therefore, heating surface is provided with the surface that is used to strengthen boiling or evaporation usually.Generally well-knownly be, the heat transfer property on a surface can by be increased in nucleation site on the boiling surface, by stirring or strengthen near inducing by area and the surface tension effect that increases on the condensing surface on the single-phase heat transfer surface.Thereby a kind of method of strengthening boiling or evaporation is to form porous layer by sintering, radiation-fusing or roll extrusion edge method on heating surface to make the heating surface roughening.Be known that the heating surface with this porous layer shows the heat-transfer character that is better than smooth surface.Yet the hole that is formed by said method or the size of cell are little, and the impurity that is included in the boiling liquid may stop up hole or cell, thereby reduce the heat transfer property of heating surface.In addition, because formed hole or cell are inhomogeneous on size or size, therefore the heat transfer property along heating surface may change.In addition, be provided with the common a plurality of steps or the manufacturing procedure of needing of known heat-transfer pipe of boiling or evaporating surface to make final heating surface.
Heat-transfer pipe manufacturer has dropped into a large amount of financial resources substitute structure has been experimentized, and they are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4561497, the U.S. Patent No. 4602681 that licenses to people such as Daikoku, the U.S. Patent No. 4606405 that licenses to people such as Nakayama, the U.S. Patent No. 4653163 that licenses to people such as Kuwahara, the U.S. Patent No. 4678029 that licenses to people such as Sasaki, the U.S. Patent No. 4794984 that licenses to Lin that license to people such as Nakajima, license in the U.S. Patent No. 5351397 of Angeli.
Though all these heat transfer surface design all are intended to improve the heat transfer property of pipe, still need to continue to improve the aforementioned tube design by the existing design and the new design of exploitation that change those energy enhance heat transfer performance in industrial quarters.In addition, also needing to develop can be quicker, structure and the pattern of the cheap ground transformation of ownership to the pipe.As described below, the geometry of heating surface of the present invention and the instrument that forms these geometries have improved heat transfer property significantly.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of improved heating surface, this heating surface can for example be formed on the pipe, and provide a kind of method that forms heating surface, described heating surface can be used for the heat transfer property of reinforced pipe, and this pipe can be used in all above-mentioned application scenarios (i.e. flooded evaporator, downward film evaporator, spray-type evaporator, Absorption Refrigerator, condenser, direct expansion formula cooler and single-phase cooler and the heater that uses) at least in freezing, chemical, petrochemical industry and food-processing industry.Heating surface is strengthened by a plurality of chambeies, and described chamber has reduced the fringe time that changes another kind of phase mutually into from a kind of significantly, for example changes evaporation into from boiling.These chambeies have been set up and be used for the additional path that fluid flows in pipes, and have increased the turbulence level of the heat transfer medium that flows in the pipe thus.The projection that forms the chamber also provides the additional surface that is used for added heat exchange area.Test shows that the performance that has according to heat-transfer pipe of the present invention significantly improves.
Specific embodiment of the present invention comprises that a kind of use one can be installed to the method for the instrument on the existing manufacturing equipment simply, and described instrument has the mirror image form of wishing to be formed on the groove pattern on the tube-surface.Specific embodiment of the present invention comprises that also use one can be installed to the instrument on the existing manufacturing equipment simply, and described instrument has the cut edge so that cut tube-surface, and has the edge of lifting so that the riser surface is to form projection.Like this, form projection and need not remove metal, therefore eliminated scrap at this Guan Zhonghui damage equipment from the inner surface of pipe.At last, specific embodiment of the present invention comprises the instrument that can be installed to simply on the existing manufacturing equipment that uses, and mandrel for example is so that make the terminal smooth or crooked of projection.Form in identical or different operational sequence at the groove on the tube-surface, projection and smooth end.In certain embodiments of the invention, three instruments are fixed on the single axle, and tube-surface forms in an operational sequence.
Pipe formed according to the present invention is applicable in many equipment, for example comprises, is used for the equipment of HVAC (heating, heating ventilation and air-conditioning), freezing, chemical, petrochemical industry and food-processing industry.Can change the physical geometry of projection so that pipe adapts to concrete equipment and fluid media (medium).
Description of drawings
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments below reading in conjunction with the drawings, these and other feature of the present invention, purpose and advantage will become clearer.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the stereogram that is positioned at the boiling surface that forms according to the part on the internal diameter of the heat-transfer pipe of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 A is the stereogram of the boiling surface that forms of the part of embodiment shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 2 B is the micro-view of the boiling surface of the part formation shown in Fig. 2 A.
Fig. 2 C is the sectional view of the boiling surface of the part formation shown in Fig. 2 A.
Fig. 3 A is the stereogram according to the boiling surface on the internal diameter of the heat-transfer pipe of alternate embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 B is the sectional view of the boiling surface shown in Fig. 3 A.
Fig. 3 C is the micro-view of the top view of the boiling surface shown in Fig. 3 A.
Fig. 3 D is the micro-view in the cross section of the boiling surface shown in Fig. 3 A.
Fig. 4 A is the stereogram according to the boiling surface on the internal diameter of the heat-transfer pipe of alternate embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 B is the sectional view of the heat-transfer pipe shown in Fig. 4 A.
Fig. 5 A is the stereogram according to the boiling surface on the internal diameter of the heat-transfer pipe of alternate embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 B is the micro-view in the cross section of the boiling surface shown in Fig. 5 A.
Fig. 5 C is the sectional view of the boiling surface shown in Fig. 5 A.
Fig. 6 is the stereogram according to the instrument of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 7 A is the stereogram according to the instrument of alternate embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 B is the side view of the instrument shown in Fig. 7 A.
Fig. 7 C is the flat sheet of the bottom view of the instrument shown in Fig. 7 A.
Fig. 7 D is the top plan view of the instrument shown in Fig. 7 A.
Fig. 8 A is the stereogram according to the instrument of another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 B is the side view of the instrument shown in Fig. 8 A.
Fig. 8 C is the flat sheet of the bottom view of the instrument shown in Fig. 8 A.
Fig. 8 D is the top plan view of the instrument shown in Fig. 8 A.
Fig. 9 A is the stereogram according to the instrument of another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 B is the stereogram of the boiling surface made by instrument shown in Figure 9
Fig. 9 C is the micro-view of boiling surface shown in Figure 9.
Figure 10 is the stereogram that is used to make according to the embodiment of the manufacturing equipment of heat-transfer pipe of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the stereogram according to the instrument of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 A is the stereogram according to the boiling surface on the internal diameter of the heat-transfer pipe of alternate embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 B is the micro-view in the cross section of the boiling surface shown in Figure 12 A.
Figure 13 A is the sectional view of the boiling surface made by the cutting point of a knife of embodiments of the invention.
Figure 13 B is the sectional view of the cutting/boiling surface that the lifting point of a knife is made by alternate embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 C is the sectional view according to the cutting that is used to make the boiling surface shown in Figure 13 A and the 13B/lifting point of a knife of embodiments of the invention.
Figure 13 D is the stereogram according to the cutting that is used to make the boiling surface shown in Figure 13 A and the 13B/lifting point of a knife of embodiments of the invention.
Figure 14 is the curve map for the effect of the aspect ratio of heat flux.
Figure 15 is the curve map for the effect of the per inch projection (fin) of heat flux.
Figure 16 is the comparative graph of dissimilar heat fluxs that has the copper heating surface of small fin.
The specific embodiment
Should be understood that, can be used for any needs usually according to pipe of the present invention heat is delivered to the equipment of the opposite side of pipe from a side of pipe, for example heterogeneous (being neat liquid or gas or liquid/gas mixture) evaporimeter and condenser, but be not limited to this.Though the following pipe of the present invention that is described as provides desirable size, pipe of the present invention is in no way limited to these sizes.On the contrary, the ideal geometry of pipe depends on a plurality of factors, and unessential factor is the attribute of the fluid of flowing pipe in these factors.Those skilled in the art should know the geometry of the inner surface that how to change pipe, so that make the maximum heat transfer of the pipe that uses at various device with various fluids.In addition,, be to be understood that this heating surface also is suitable for using on the outer surface of pipe, or on plane surface, use, for example be used for the miniature electronic device although heating surface is formed on the inner surface of pipe in the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, specific embodiment of the present invention is included in the heating surface that has main groove 108 on pipe 100 the inner surface 104.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that the quantity of main groove 108 can change based on the application scenario of using heating surface and based on employed fluid media (medium).Main groove 108 is formed on the inner surface 104 with (unshowned) pitch angle alpha will with respect to the axis S of pipe.Pitch angle alpha will can be any angle between 0 °-90 °, but preferably is no more than 70 °.The person skilled in the art will easily understand that pitch angle alpha will usually depends on used fluid media (medium), depends on used fluid media (medium) at least in part.
The degree of depth of common main groove 108 is big more, for the fluid of flowing pipe 100 viscous more then.For example, greater than zero and normally desirable less than the degree of depth of the thickness of tube wall 102.For this application, the thickness of tube wall 102 is 108 measurements from inner surface 104 to outer surface.
The axial pitch of main groove 108 depends on a plurality of factors, comprising pitch angle alpha will, be formed on the quantity of the main groove 108 on pipe 100 the inner surface 104 and manage 100 internal diameter.For this application, internal diameter is to begin to measure from managing 100 inner surface 104.0.5-5.0 the axial pitch of millimeter is normally desirable, comprises 1.5 millimeters.
Specific embodiment of the present invention also comprises projection or fin 110.Projection 110 can be cut and promote and form from inner surface 104, shown in Fig. 2 A-2C.Projection 110 is preferably with respect to axis s and is an angle θ.The height e of projection 110 pThe angle θ that depends on depth of cut t and cutting inner surface 104.The height e of projection 110 pBe preferably the same with depth of cut t at least big.Preferably, the degree of depth of cutting/lifting instrument 300 is greater than the degree of depth of main groove 108.
The axial pitch P of projection 110 A, pCan be arbitrary value greater than zero, and in multiple factor, axial pitch P A, pUsually depend in manufacture process cutting/lifting instrument 300 and manage in relative revolutions per minute between 100, the manufacture process cutting/lifting instrument 300 and manage the quantity that is arranged on the point of a knife (tip) on the cutting/lifting instrument 300 that is used to form projection 110 in axial feed velocity relative between 100 and the manufacture process.Preferably, the axial pitch P of projection 110 A, pBetween the 0.05-5.0 millimeter.Axial pitch P A, pHighly basically, the quantity that depends on projection, its height e pIncrease with protruding quantity descends.
The shape of projection 110 depends on the shape of inner surface 104 and cuts main groove 108 orientation of inner surface 104 afterwards at the moving direction with respect to cutting/lifting instrument 300.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 A-2B, projection 110 has four side surfaces 120, an oblique top face 122 (it helps to reduce the thermal resistance that heat is transmitted) and a tip 124 of roughly fining away.
The end 124 of projection 110 is driven plain alternatively so that form boiling cavity 114, shown in Fig. 3 A-3D.Perhaps, the end 124 of projection 110 is flexible so that form boiling cavity 114, shown in Fig. 4 A-4B.In other embodiments, the end 124 of projection 110 can be thickeied so that form boiling cavity 114.In a further embodiment, projection 110 can tilt toward each other so that form boiling cavity 114, shown in Fig. 5 A-5B.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that projection 110 end 124 can keep the inner surface 104 of roughly straight shape (not crooked or flatten) and approximate vertical pipe 100, if condensing surface needs.Yet what need is boiling surface or evaporating surface, forms the efficient that boiling cavity 114 can increase boiling surface significantly.Formation boiling cavity 114 can be formed for the mobile path of fluid and strengthen from liquid to boiling or from being boiled to the transformation of steam.
Yet, of the present invention protruding 110 embodiment shown in never being limited to, but can form any shape.In addition, the projection 110 in pipe 100 needn't be of similar shape or have identical geometry.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, secondary groove 112 is between adjacent projection 110.The axis s that secondary groove 112 is oriented with respect to pipe 100 is one (unshowned) angle τ.Angle τ can be any angle between about 80 °-100 °.Preferably, angle τ is about 90 °.The degree of depth of secondary groove 112 is between the degree of depth of main groove 108 and protruding 110 the height degree of depth.Preferably, the degree of depth of secondary groove 112 is greater than the degree of depth of main groove 108.
Specific embodiment of the present invention also comprises the Method and kit for that is used for making boiling surface on pipe.For example grooving tool 200 as shown in Figure 6 is particularly useful when forming main groove 108.Grooving tool 200 has the external diameter greater than pipe 100 internal diameters, forms main groove 108 with box lunch when pulling out or pushing through managing 100.Grooving tool 200 also comprises the aperture 202 that is used to be attached on (as shown in figure 10) axle 130.
Shown in Fig. 7 A-7D and Fig. 8 A-8D, cutting/lifting instrument 300 can be used for forming projection 110 and secondary groove 112.Cutting/lifting instrument 300 is made by any material (for example steel, carbide, pottery etc.) that structural integrity can bear Metal Cutting, but preferably makes with carbide.The embodiment of the cutting shown in Fig. 7 A-7D and Fig. 8 A-8D/lifting instrument 300 roughly has a tool axis q, two basal walls 312 and one or more sidewall 314.Cutting/lifting instrument 300 is passed in aperture 308.Point of a knife 302 is formed on the sidewall 314 of cutting/lifting instrument 300.Yet should be noted that described point of a knife 302 can be installed or be formed on can be by supporting on the arbitrary structures of described point of a knife 302 with respect to pipe 100 required orientation, and this structure is not limited to shown in Fig. 7 A-7D and Fig. 8 A-8D.In addition, described point of a knife 302 is scalable in its supporting construction, so that the number of employed point of a knife can change easily in cutting process.
Fig. 7 A-7D shows an embodiment of the cutting/lifting instrument 300 with single point of a knife 302, and Fig. 8 A-8D shows the optional embodiment of the cutting/lifting instrument 300 with four points of a knife 12.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that cutting/lifting instrument 300 can be equipped with the point of a knife 302 of arbitrary number, this depends on the required pitch P due to projection 110 A, pAnd the geometry of each point of a knife 302 is not necessarily identical with the point of a knife 302 on single cutting/lifting instrument 300.On the contrary, the point of a knife 302 with different geometries can be arranged on cutting/lifting instrument 300, so that form the projection 110 with difformity, orientation and other geometry.
Each point of a knife 302 is by plane A, and B and C intersect formation.The crossing cut edge 304 that forms of plane A and B, its incision inner surface 104 is so that form layer, thus conduct forms the first step of projection 110.The angular orientation of plane B to become  perpendicular to the plane of tool axis q (seeing Fig. 7 B) with respect to one.Angle  is defined as 90 °-θ.Like this, angle  preferably between about 40 °-70 °, allows cut edge 14 to cut by the expected angle θ between about 20 °-50 ° and wears inner surface 104.
Plane A and C intersect formation and promote edge 306, and it upwards promotes inner surface 104 to form projection 110.Angle  1Limit by a plane C and a plane perpendicular to tool axis q.This angle  1Determine inclination angle ω (promptly perpendicular to the angle between the longitudinal axis of the plane of the longitudinal axis s of pipe and projection 110), promote edge 15 and make projection 110 promote with this angle.Angle  1=angle ω, and therefore, the angle  on cutting/lifting instrument 300 1Can be conditioned inclination angle ω with direct influence projection 110.Inclination angle ω is (with angle  1) be preferably with respect to a plane vertical with pipe longitudinal axis s into about the absolute value at any angle between-45 °-45 °.Like this, projection 110 can with pipe 100 the vertical planar registration of longitudinal axis s, or left and be tilted to the right with respect to the plane vertical with the longitudinal axis s of pipe 100.And, can form difform point of a knife 12 (that is angle  on different points of a knife, 1Different), and, manage like this in 100 projection 110 can with respect to one with the vertical plane of the longitudinal axis s of pipe 100 by different angle (or not having this angle) with by different direction inclinations.
For example, as shown in figure 13, cutting/lifting instrument 300 can be provided with cutting point of a knife (cutting tip) by two different angles.In the cutting/lifting instrument 300 that has four cutting points of a knife, two pairs of cutting points of a knife 318,320 can be used for forming the boiling surface with angled protrusions 110, shown in Fig. 5 A-5C.In order to form this surface, adjacent cutting point of a knife 318,320 must have different angle  1The inclination angle of change projection 120 can obtain the specific gap g between the projection 120 at opening 116 places of boiling cavity 114, and its influence is flowed along the fluid of the bending of this inner surface 104.
Therefore, this gap g can be calculated and obtained by following formula:
Figure A20048003892200091
Wherein,
P is the axial pitch of projection 110;
 is that plane B and is perpendicular to the angle between the plane of tool axis q;
1The plane C and one that is this instrument 300 is perpendicular to the angle between the plane of tool axis q; And
T is a depth of cut.
Though the preferred value scope of the physical size of projection 110 provides, those skilled in the art will be appreciated that the physical size that can revise cutting/lifting instrument 300 influences thus obtained protruding 110 physical size.For example, the degree of depth t of cut edge 304 incision inner surfaces 104, and the degree of depth e of angle  influence projection 110 pTherefore, available following expression is regulated the degree of depth e of projection 110 p:
e p＝t/sin(90-)
Or, given =90-θ,
e p＝t/sin(θ)
Wherein:
T is a depth of cut;
 is plane B and perpendicular to the angle between the plane of tool axis q; And
θ is the angle with respect to the described layer of longitudinal axis s cutting of pipe 100.
The thickness S of projection 110 pThe pitch P that depends on projection 110 A, pWith angle .Therefore, available following expression formula is regulated thickness S p:
S p＝P a，p·sin(90-)
Or, given =90-θ,
S p＝P a，p·sin(θ)
Wherein:
P A, pAxial pitch for projection 110;
 is plane B and perpendicular to the angle between the plane of tool spindle q; And
The angle that θ cuts described inner surface 104 for the longitudinal axis s with respect to pipe 100.
In certain embodiments of the invention, the end 124 of projection 110 is by using pressing instrument 400 to be driven plain or bending, as shown in figure 10.The diameter of this pressing instrument 400 is preferably more than the diameter of the projection 110 on inner surface 104.Therefore, when pressing instrument 400 is pushed into or pulls out pipe 100 the time, the end 124 of projection 110 is driven plain or is crooked.Pressing instrument 400 comprises the aperture 402 that is used to be attached on the axle 130.
In other embodiments, under the situation of not using pressing instrument 400, the end 124 of projection 110 can obtain and pressing shown in Fig. 3 A-3B or crooked end 124 similar shapes.For example, cutting/lifting instrument 300 can be provided with the point of a knife 302 that forms projection 110, and its shape is similar to the lobe terminus that is driven plain 124 shown in Fig. 4 A-4B.In other embodiments, cutting/lifting instrument 300 can be provided with the point of a knife 316 of the end 124 that is used to flatten the projection 110 shown in Fig. 9 B.Cutting shown in Fig. 9 A/lifting instrument 300 can be used for forming the boiling surface shown in Fig. 9 B-9C.
The boiling surface that uses on heating surface also can have the projection 110 of thickening end 124 by formation and obtain.Shown in Figure 12 A-12B, the heating surface that has thickening terminal 124 can be used for forming boiling cavity 114.With reference to Figure 13 A-13B, the projection 110 that has thickening terminal 124 can obtain by following formula:
Figure A20048003892200111
Wherein:
2Be the projection of primary importance of cut edge and the angle between the tool feeding direction;
3Be the projection of the second place of cut edge and the angle between the tool feeding direction;
T is the complete degree of depth of cutting; And
t 1Be the depth of cut for the primary importance of cut edge, the lobe terminus 124 of Xing Chenging is shown in Figure 13 B subsequently, and gap g can be calculated by following formula:
If following formula is set up:
Then lobe terminus 124 is shown in Figure 13 B, and gap g can be calculated by following formula:
g＝p·cos( 3- 2)·(1-sin( 2)-cos( 2)·(tg( 3- 2)).
Figure 13 C-13D shows the cutting/lifting instrument 300 that can be used for forming the projection 110 that has thickening terminal 124.
Figure 10 illustrates an available maker that is used for the surface peening heat transfer of feasible pipe 100.These figure never limit the technology according to manufacturing pipe 100 of the present invention, but can use by any suitable equipment or the pipe manufacturer technology of equipment combination.Pipe 100 of the present invention can be with multiple material manufacturing, and these materials have the physical characteristic that is fit to that comprises structural intergrity, ductility and plasticity, for example copper and copper alloy, aluminium and aluminium alloy, brass, titanium, steel and stainless steel.
In the embodiment that the inner surface 104 of pipe 100 is strengthened, 402 axles 130 that pressing instrument 400 rotatably is installed extend into pipe 100 through the aperture.Cutting/lifting instrument 300 is installed on the axle 130 by aperture 308.Grooving tool 200 is installed on the axle 130 through aperture 202.Bolt 132 is with three instruments, 200,300,400 fix in position.Preferably, available any suitable mode locks instrument 200,300,400 rotations with respect to axle 11.Fig. 7 D and 8D show a keyway 310, this keyway be arranged on cutting/lifting instrument 300 with axle 11 on the protruding interlocking of one (unshowned), with will cut with respect to axle 130/lifting instrument 300 is fixed on the appropriate location.
Although not shown, when method of the present invention and/or instrument were used to make the inner surface of pipe, maker can comprise the cutter shaft of the outer surface that is used for enhanced tube.Each cutter shaft comprises that one has the tool mechanism of the dish that forms fin, is squeezed into one the fin disc radial and has an axial pitch P to bull A, oOutside fin.Described tool mechanism comprises additional disk, for example forms the dish or the flattened disc of recess, carries out augmentation of heat transfer with the further outer surface to pipe.Yet, should be noted that application scenario according to pipe, the outer surface of pipe can not need to be provided with the part that strengthens heat transfer.When operation, tube wall moves between mandrel and cutter shaft, and pressure is applied on the tube wall.
Therefore grooving tool 200 is provided with the mirror image pattern of desirable inner surface pattern, and when pipe 100 engages with grooving tool 200, the required pattern of formation on 100 the inner surface 104 is managed in grooving tool 200 meetings.Required inner surface pattern comprises main groove 108, as shown in Figure 1.After forming main groove 108 on the inner surface 104 of pipe 100, pipe 100 runs into close grooving tool 200 and is positioned at the cutting/lifting instrument 300 in grooving tool 200 downstreams.As previously described, one or more cut edges 304 of cutting/lifting instrument 300 are cut and are worn inner surface 104 so that form projection 110.
When projection 110 and outside fin form simultaneously and cut/when lifting instrument 300 is fixed (promptly do not rotate or move axially), pipe 100 rotation automatically and with moving axially.In this case, the axial pitch P of projection 110 A, pDetermine by following formula:
P a , p = P a , o · Z o Z i
Wherein:
P A, oAxial pitch for outside fin;
Z oNumber for fin on the external diameter of pipe; With
Z iNumber for point of a knife 302 on the cutting/lifting instrument 300.
For acquiring specific protruding axial pitch P A, p, also rotatable cutting/lifting instrument 300.Pipe 100 can rotate by identical direction with cutting/lifting instrument 300, or optionally, pipe 100 and cutting/lifting instrument 300 are pressed the rightabout rotation.For acquiring predetermined protruding axial pitch P A, p, the cutting/lifting instrument 300 required available following formula of rotation (by revolutions per minute (RPM)) calculate:
RPM tool = RPM tube ( P a , o · Z o - P a , p · Z i ) Z i · P a , p
Wherein:
RPM ToolFor managing 100 speed;
P A, oAxial pitch for outside fin;
Z oNumber for fin on the external diameter of pipe;
P A, pRequired axial pitch for projection 110; With
Z iNumber for point of a knife 302 on the cutting/lifting instrument 300.
If this result of calculation is for negative, then cutting/lifting instrument 300 rotates to obtain required pitch P by the direction identical with pipe 100 A, pPerhaps, if this result of calculation for just, then cutting/lifting instrument 300 by the direction rotation opposite with pipe 100 to obtain required pitch P A, p
It should be noted that, though the formation of shown projection 110 is to realize in forming the same operational sequence of main groove 108, can forms in the operational sequence that the operation of main groove 108 separates with a Guan Zaiyu with preformed main groove 108 and make protruding 110.This usually needs an assembly so that make cutting/lifting instrument 300 or manage 100 rotations and move cutting/lifting instrument 300 and manage 100 along the tubular axis line.And, the center that one (unshowned) support member determines with respect to interior tube-surface 104 cutting/lifting instrument 300 preferably is set.
In this case, the axial pitch P of projection 110 A, pLimit by following formula:
P a，p＝X a/(RPM·Z i)
Wherein:
X aFor manage 100 and cutting/lifting instrument 300 between speed to axial (distance/time);
RMP is relative speed for cutting/lifting instrument 300 with between managing 100;
P A, pRequired axial pitch for projection 110; With
Z iNumber for point of a knife 12 on the cutting/lifting instrument 300.
When this formula is fit to (1) pipe 100 and only moves axially (promptly not rotating) and cutting/lifting instrument 300 and only rotate (promptly not moving axially); (2) pipe 100 only rotate and cut/when lifting instrument 300 only moves axially; (3) cutting/lifting instrument 300 rotates and moves axially, and is fixed when neither rotation does not move axially yet and manage 100; (4) pipe 100 rotations and moving axially, and cut/lifting instrument 300 is fixed when neither rotation does not move axially yet; (5) above-mentioned any combination.
By interior tube-surface 104 of the present invention, produced the additional path that fluid flows (between projection 110, passing secondary groove 112) thereby transmission of optimization heat and pressure drop.Fig. 5 C shows these additional path that is used for fluid flowing pipe 100.These paths are additional to the fluid circulating path that is formed between the main groove 108.These additional path have the pitch angle alpha will with respect to tubular axis line s 1Angle α 1It is the angle between the projection 110 that forms by adjacent main groove 108.Can be with following expression by regulating the pitch P of projection 110 A, pCome adjustable screw angle α 1With through managing the orientation in 100 path 128:
P a , p = P a , r · tan ( α ) · π D i π D i · ( tan ( α ) + tan ( α 1 ) ) ± P a , r · tan ( α ) · tan ( α 1 ) · Z i
Wherein:
P A, rIt is the axial pitch of main groove 108;
α is the angle of main groove 108 to tubular axis line s;
α 1Be required helical angle between the projection 110;
Z iNumber for the point of a knife on cutting/lifting instrument 300 302; And
D iFor from managing the internal diameter of the pipe 1001 that 100 inner surface 18 measures.
The pipe of making according to the present invention 100 is better than existing pipe.The curve of Figure 14-16 shows the reinforcement performance according to the heating surface of embodiments of the invention.Figure 14 shows the effect for the aspect ratio of heat flux.Figure 15 is the effect for the per inch projection (fin) of heat flux.Figure 16 is the comparison of dissimilar heat fluxs that has the copper heating surface of small fin.X-axis is represented heat flux (W/cm 2), Y-axis represents that temperature change deducts wall (wall) temperature and deducts main body (bulk) temperature (Δ T (℃)-T Wall-T Bulk).
Sweep represents that the platinum filament of HFE-7100 detects.Filled circles is represented the pipe by the copper one-tenth of the roughening that has silver solder.The square of opening is illustrated in the nichrome surface on the pipe.Shallow X represents the pipe sample made according to embodiments of the invention.The pipe sample that foundation alternate embodiment of the present invention is made represented in cross.Dark X represents the pipe sample that foundation alternate embodiment of the present invention is made.The pipe sample that star representation is made according to alternate embodiment of the present invention.Dark closed circle is represented the pipe sample that foundation alternate embodiment of the present invention is made.Closed rhombus is represented the pipe sample that foundation alternate embodiment of the present invention is made.The solid line that has the penumbra mark is represented the pipe sample that foundation another alternate embodiment of the present invention is made.The solid line that has the shade mark is represented the pipe sample that foundation another alternate embodiment of the present invention is made.
The heating surface that experimentizes is the flat copper surface that per inch roughly has 185 projectioies.The height of projection is approximately 0.024 inch (0.6096 millimeter), and thickness is approximately 0.0027 inch (0.0688 millimeter).The efficient of heating surface of the present invention is about octuple of coarse copper coin, and is about twice of porous copper product.
So above-mentioned description is the purpose with diagram, explanation and explanation embodiment of the present invention.For those skilled in the art, be conspicuous to the further change and the modification of these embodiments, and can make with not breaking away from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. pipe, it comprises: inner surface, outer surface and longitudinal axis, wherein this inner surface comprises at least one projection, described projection is formed by following:
At least two main grooves with main groove depth of cut; With
At least one secondary groove with secondary groove depth of cut, this pair groove depth of cut are the same big with the main groove depth of cut of each main groove in described at least two main grooves at least;
Wherein, main groove, projection and secondary groove form a boiling cavity.
2. a manufacturing has the method for the pipe of a longitudinal axis, and it comprises:
A. to cut inner surface to the cutting degree of depth of this pipe with respect to an angle of this longitudinal axis, so that form main groove;
B. cutting this inner surface to one cutting degree of depth with respect to an angle of this longitudinal axis being cut into secondary groove, thereby form interior surface layers;
C. promote this interior surface layers so that form projection with height of projection, projection thickness and pitch bumps.
3. the method for the inner surface of an enhanced tube, it comprises:
A. an instrument is installed on the axle, this instrument comprises tool axis and at least one point of a knife, and this point of a knife is formed by first plane, second plane and the 3rd Plane intersects at least, and has the cut edge and promote the edge;
B. in this pipe, locate this instrument;
C. be implemented in relative rotation and motion to axial between this pipe and this instrument,, thereby form a plurality of layers and groove and promote described layer to form projection so that cut the inner surface of this pipe at least in part.
CN2004800389226A 2003-10-23 2004-10-25 Method and tool for making enhanced heat transfer surfaces Active CN1898520B (en)

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US51441803P 2003-10-23 2003-10-23
US60/514,418 2003-10-23
PCT/US2004/035099 WO2005043062A2 (en) 2003-10-23 2004-10-25 Method and tool for making enhanced heat transfer surfaces

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CN102679791A (en) * 2011-03-10 2012-09-19 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 Heat transfer pipe used for heat exchangers
CN103851945A (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-11 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 Internal threaded pipe with rough internal surface
CN103903658A (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-07-02 清华大学 Sealing head with enhanced boiling heat exchange array hole surface with communicated net-shaped groove
CN109099741A (en) * 2018-06-05 2018-12-28 东南大学 A kind of heat exchange structure for strengthening boiling
CN109196297A (en) * 2016-06-01 2019-01-11 威兰德-沃克公开股份有限公司 Heat exchanger tube
CN109219727A (en) * 2016-06-01 2019-01-15 威兰德-沃克公开股份有限公司 Heat exchanger tube
CN110612426A (en) * 2017-05-12 2019-12-24 开利公司 Internally enhanced heat exchanger tube

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US20130180595A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Uop, Llc Vessel, distribution tray, and method for passing one or more fluids
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102679791A (en) * 2011-03-10 2012-09-19 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 Heat transfer pipe used for heat exchangers
CN102679791B (en) * 2011-03-10 2015-09-23 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 For the heat-transfer pipe of heat exchanger
CN103851945A (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-11 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 Internal threaded pipe with rough internal surface
CN103851945B (en) * 2012-12-07 2017-05-24 诺而达奥托铜业（中山）有限公司 Internal threaded pipe with rough internal surface
CN103903658A (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-07-02 清华大学 Sealing head with enhanced boiling heat exchange array hole surface with communicated net-shaped groove
CN109196297A (en) * 2016-06-01 2019-01-11 威兰德-沃克公开股份有限公司 Heat exchanger tube
CN109219727A (en) * 2016-06-01 2019-01-15 威兰德-沃克公开股份有限公司 Heat exchanger tube
CN110612426A (en) * 2017-05-12 2019-12-24 开利公司 Internally enhanced heat exchanger tube
CN110612426B (en) * 2017-05-12 2022-05-17 开利公司 Heat transfer tube for heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigerating system
CN109099741A (en) * 2018-06-05 2018-12-28 东南大学 A kind of heat exchange structure for strengthening boiling

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KR20060113927A (en) 2006-11-03
EP1692447A2 (en) 2006-08-23
KR101217296B1 (en) 2012-12-31
MXPA06004459A (en) 2006-06-20
PT1692447E (en) 2009-07-13
EP1692447A4 (en) 2008-01-02
CA2543480C (en) 2011-01-04
CA2543480A1 (en) 2005-05-12
JP4832308B2 (en) 2011-12-07
WO2005043062A3 (en) 2005-07-14
DE602004021627D1 (en) 2009-07-30
JP2007509311A (en) 2007-04-12
CN1898520B (en) 2012-06-13
WO2005043062A2 (en) 2005-05-12
ATE434165T1 (en) 2009-07-15
EP1692447B1 (en) 2009-06-17

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