CN1898482B - 具有四个固定传动比的双模式的复合分配模式的混合型机电变速器 - Google Patents

具有四个固定传动比的双模式的复合分配模式的混合型机电变速器 Download PDF

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CN1898482B
CN1898482B CN2004800380700A CN200480038070A CN1898482B CN 1898482 B CN1898482 B CN 1898482B CN 2004800380700 A CN2004800380700 A CN 2004800380700A CN 200480038070 A CN200480038070 A CN 200480038070A CN 1898482 B CN1898482 B CN 1898482B
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motor
planetary gear
gear set
generator
electro
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CN1898482A (zh
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M·R·施密德特
D·克莱门
L·T·尼茨
A·G·霍尔姆斯
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
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    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
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    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
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Abstract

一种双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器采用输入部件来接受来自发动机的功率,并利用输出部件来传递变速器的功率。第一和第二电动机/发电机通过控制装置而操作式地连接在能量存储装置上,用于在能量存储装置与第一电动机/发电机及第二电动机/发电机之间互换电功率。该变速器采用了三个行星齿轮组。每个行星齿轮组都采用了第一、第二和第三齿轮部件。第一或第二行星齿轮组的至少一个齿轮部件连接在第一电动机/发电机上。第二或第三行星齿轮组的另一个齿轮部件连接在第二电动机/发电机上。第一或第二行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件连续地连接在第三行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件上。

Description

具有四个固定传动比的双模式的复合分配模式的混合型机电变速器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2003年12月19日提交美国临时申请60/531,528的权益,该临时申请通过引用而完整地结合在本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双模式的复合分配模式(compound-split)的混合型车辆机电变速器,其采用操作式地连接在发动机和两个电动机/发电机上的三个相互作用的行星齿轮组。这些行星齿轮组提供两种模式或齿轮系,可通过利用四个扭矩传递装置选择性地获得这两种模式,从而将功率从发动机和/或电动机/发电机传送至变速器的输出部件上。变速器包括至少一个在其第一操作模式下的机械点(mechanical point)和至少两个在其第二操作模式下的机械点,并提供四个可用的固定传动比。
发明背景
车辆变速器的目的是提供一个空挡、至少一个倒挡,以及一个或多个将功率从发动机和/或其它功率源传递至传动部件上的前进挡,传动部件将牵引力从车辆传递到车辆驾驶的地面上。因此,根据提供所需性能的要求,传动部件可以是前轮、后轮或履带。
串联式推进系统是一种沿着从发动机到电储存设备而后到电动机的行程来传递能量的系统,电动机利用功率使传动部件旋转。在串联式推进系统中,在发动机和传动部件之间没有直接的机械连接。
变速器适合于从发动机或电动机或两者中接受输出功率,迄今为止,其极大地依赖于被称为串联式混合型推进系统的系统。这种系统设计成具有相对较低功率的辅助动力装置(APU),以实现极少量的排放和最好的燃料经济性用途。然而,小型APU的这种组合和甚至更大的能量存储装置并不适应高平均功率的车辆,或者说并不适应解决要求连续恒定速度操作的工作循环。利用典型的串联式混合型变速器的配置并不能实现在所需高效率下的爬坡速度和持续的高平均巡航速度。
因此,目前的挑战在于提供一种将在各种广泛的工作条件下能高效率运转的动力系统。理想的电动变速式变速器应能够在用于预期较低平均功率的工作循环的串联式混合型变速器和用于高平均输出功率的高速工作循环的混合型变速器的优点之间取得平衡。在并联装置中,由发动机供给的功率和电能源供给的功率独立地连接在传动部件上。
另外,完成双模式或两个集成功率分配齿轮系的概念可产生具有极宽应用范围的混合型变速器,每种模式都可由单板机同步选择而获得,用以将功率从发动机和/或电动机/发电机传递至输出轴上。
通过使用一种可变双模式的输入分配模式(input-split)及复合分配模式的并联混合型机电变速器,就可实现所需的有利的结果。这种变速器利用输入部件来接受来自车辆发动机的功率,并利用功率输出部件来输出功率以驱动车辆。第一和第二电动机/发电机功率控制器连接在能量存储装置如蓄电池组上,使得能量存储装置可接受来自第一和第二电动机/发电机的功率,并为第一和第二电动机/发电机提供功率。控制单元用来调节在能量存储装置和电动机/发电机之间以及第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的功率流动。
可变双模式的输入分配模式-复合分配模式的并联混合型机电变速器也采用至少一个行星齿轮组。行星齿轮组具有内齿轮部件和外齿轮部件,其各自与多个行星齿轮部件啮合式地相接合。输入部件操作式地连接在行星齿轮组中的其中一个齿轮部件上,并提供这样的装置,该装置操作式地将功率输出部件连接在行星齿轮组中的另一齿轮部件上。电动机/发电机的其中一个连接在行星齿轮组的另一齿轮部件上,并提供某一装置,该装置操作式地将电动机/发电机中的另一个连接在输出轴上。
通过使用扭矩传递装置,就可选择性地获得第一或第二模式下的操作。迄今为止,在一种模式下,变速器的输出速度通常与电动机/发电机之一的速度成比例,并且在第二模式下,变速器的输出速度通常与电动机/发电机两者的速度都成比例。
在一些可变双模式的输入分配模式-复合分配模式的并联混合型机电变速器的实施例中,采用了第二行星齿轮组。另外,一些实施例可利用三个扭矩传递装置,其中两个扭矩传递装置用于选择变速器所需的操作模式,第三个扭矩传递装置选择性地将变速器与发动机断开。在其它实施例中,所有三个扭矩传递装置都用于选择变速器的所需操作模式。
再次参照简单的行星齿轮组,行星齿轮部件通常支撑在本身可旋转的齿轮架上而进行旋转。当太阳齿轮保持固定并且将功率施加在环形齿轮上时,行星齿轮部件随着功率施加在环形齿轮上而旋转,并因此围绕太阳齿轮的圆周方向而″行走″,从而实现齿轮架在与环形齿轮旋转方向相同的方向上旋转。
当简单行星齿轮组的任何两个部件在相同方向上以相同速度旋转时,第三部件被迫以相同速度在相同的方向上旋转。例如,当太阳齿轮和环形齿轮在相同方向上以相同速度旋转时,行星齿轮并不绕其自身轴线旋转,而是用作楔锁,以便将整个单元锁定在一起来实现所谓的直接传动。也就是说,齿轮架随太阳齿轮和环形齿轮一起旋转。
然而,当两个齿轮部件在相同方向上以不同的速度旋转时,第三齿轮部件旋转方向通常可简单地通过目测分析来确定,但是在许多情况下,该方向并不明显,并且只能通过知晓行星齿轮组的齿轮部件中的齿数来确定。
只要约束齿轮架自由旋转,并将功率施加在太阳齿轮或环形齿轮上,那么行星齿轮部件将用作惰轮。这样,从动部件将在与传动部件相反的方向上旋转。这样,在许多变速器中,当选择倒挡传动范围时,用作制动器的扭矩的变速器将受到摩擦促动,而与齿轮架相接合并因而限制其旋转,这样,施加在太阳齿轮上的功率将使环形齿轮在相反方向上旋转。因而,如果环形齿轮操作式地连接在车辆的主动轮上,那么这种装置能够使主动轮的旋转方向反转,并因此使车辆本身的方向反转。
本领域中的技术人员应该懂得,采用了功率分配装置的传动系统可接受来自两个功率源的功率。利用一个或多个行星齿轮组允许实现两个或多个齿轮系或模式,通过这些齿轮系或模式,可将功率从变速器的输入部件输出到其输出部件上。
于1996年9月24日授权给通用汽车公司的美国专利No.5,558,589讲述了一种可变双模式的输入分配模式-复合分配模式并联的混合型机电变速器,该专利通过引用而结合于本文中,在该专利中,在第一模式中存在一个″机械点″,而在第二模式中存在两个机械点。于1999年8月3日授权给通用汽车公司的美国专利No.5,931,757讲述了一种双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器,其通过引用而结合在本文中,在该专利中,在第一模式中存在一个″机械点″,而在第二模式中存在两个机械点。
在变速器以第一或第二模式来操作的期间,机械点可发生在电动机/发电机中的任何一个固定不动时。由于功率从发动机传送至输出轴的最大机械效率发生在电动机/发电机的其中一个处于机械点处即固定不动时,因此缺乏机械点是一个缺点。然而,在可变双模式的输入分配模式-复合分配模式并联的混合型机电变速器中,在第二模式下通常存在电动机/发电机之一不旋转时的机械点,使得此时所有发动机功率都机械式地传递至输出轴上。
上面所参考的这种双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器对于商业运营车辆而言是有效率的选择,例如公共汽车等,其通常以接近于其最大功率的方式来运转。
发明概要
本发明提供了一种对私人货车特别有用的双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器的改进,其中典型负荷小于其最大功率的一半。这种新颖的变速器采用闭锁离合器,并提供四个可用的机械点。这使得可更快地达到用于通行、牵引和拖曳的最大功率,并使得大功率发动机可使用较小的电气元件,其可以成本效率较高的方式结合在私人货车中。通过在电动变速的变速器中提供固定传动比,就可以合理的成本获得最大的燃料经济性。
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种新颖的双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器,其提供了闭锁离合器,以便在私人货车中快速达到用于传递、牵引和拖曳的最大功率,同时提供四个可用的固定传动比,并以在第一模式下存在至少一个机械点和在第二模式下存在至少两个机械点、即存在三个机械点的方式来操作,其中每个机械点对应于三种单独车辆速度中的每一速度。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种如上所述的新颖变速器,其中,行星齿轮组和电动机/发电机同轴地设置。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种如上所述的新颖变速器,其中,行星齿轮组设在环形设置的电动机/发电机的径向内侧,从而最大程度地减小变速器的包迹,即至少减小变速器的圆周尺寸。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种如上所述的新颖变速器,其中,可利用三个简单行星齿轮组来获得操作结果。
本发明的还一目的是提供一种如上所述的新颖变速器,其中变速器由四个扭矩传递装置来操作。
结合以下详细说明书,可以清楚本发明的这些和其它目的以及其超越现有技术的优点,这些目的和优点通过本说明书所述来实现。
通过大致的简要介绍,体现本发明构思的双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器采用输入部件来接受来自原动机功率源的功率,并利用输出部件来传递来自变速器的功率。第一和第二电动机/发电机操作式地连接在能量存储装置上,用于在能量存储装置与第一及第二电动机/发电机之间互换电功率。控制单元用于调节能量存储装置与第一及第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换。该控制单元还调节该第一电动机/发电机与第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换。
题述变速器采用三个同轴地对准的行星齿轮组。每个行星齿轮组采用第一、第二和第三齿轮部件。第一和第二电动机/发电机彼此同轴对准,并与三个行星齿轮组对准,这三个行星齿轮组围绕第一和第二电动机/发电机。
第一或第二行星齿轮组中至少有一个齿轮部件连接在第一电动机/发电机上。第二或第三行星齿轮组中的另一个齿轮部件连接在第二电动机/发电机上。第一行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件持续地连接在第二行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件上。第二行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件持续地连接在第三行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件上。第一行星齿轮组的其中一个部件操作式地连接在输入部件上。
第一扭矩传递机构选择性地将与各第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组相关联的其中一个齿轮部件相互连接起来,并将其连接在输出部件上。第二扭矩传递机构选择性地将第三行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件接地。第三扭矩传递机构选择性地将第二行星齿轮组的其中一个齿轮部件和第二行星齿轮组的另一齿轮部件相连起来,从而作为上述闭锁离合器来工作。第四扭矩传递机构选择性地使第三扭矩传递机构所连接的其中一个齿轮部件接地。
当没有功率流过第一和第二电动机/发电机时,这四个扭矩传递机构选择性地两两组合地相接合,以便在输入部件和输出部件之间提供四个可用的固定传动比。
该变速器的特征还在于,其具有三个可用的操作机械点,在这些机械点处,第一和第二电动机/发电机的其中一个是固定不动的。
从以下结合附图对实现本发明的最佳模式的详细描述中,将很容易清楚本发明的上述特征和优点,以及其它特征和优点。
附图简介
图1是体现本发明构思的双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器的示意图;
图2是用于图1所示变速器的固定传动比的真值表;和
图3是各电动机/发电机以及发动机的每分钟转数(RPM)相对于英里小时(MPH)车速的图示。
优选实施例的描述
图1中显示了一种体现本发明构思的双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器的典型形式,其总体上以标号10来表示。混合型变速器10具有输入部件12,其可以是由发动机14直接驱动的轴。在发动机14的输出轴18和混合型变速器10的输入部件12之间可包含瞬时扭矩缓冲器。在1991年4月23日授权给通用汽车公司的美国专利No.5,009,301中公开了一种推荐用于本发明的一类瞬时扭矩缓冲器的示例,该专利通过引用而完整地结合在本文中。瞬时扭矩缓冲器可包括或结合有扭矩传递装置20一起使用,从而允许发动机14和混合型变速器10选择性地相接合,但必须懂得,扭矩传递装置20并不用于改变或控制混合型变速器10的操作模式。
在所示实施例中,发动机14可以是化石燃料发动机,例如柴油机,其适于提供以恒定的每分钟转数(RPM)来传递的可用功率输出。在该示例性的实施例中,发动机14可在起动后以及在其大部分输入期间,以大约6000RPM的恒定速度运转,如图3上的曲线22所示。虽然必须理解发动机14的速度和马力输出对于本发明而言并不是至关重要的,但是,为了完全清楚了解混合型变速器10,将假定从发动机14中获得大约305马力的可用功率输出,以用于描述示例性的安装。不管发动机14连接到变速器10的输入部件12上的方式如何,输入部件12都连接在变速器10中的行星齿轮组24上。
混合型变速器10利用了三个行星齿轮组24,26和28。第一行星齿轮组24具有通常可称为环形齿轮的外齿轮部件30,其围绕在通常称为太阳齿轮的内齿轮部件32周围。多个行星齿轮部件34可旋转地安装在齿轮架36上,使得每个行星齿轮部件34与外齿轮部件30及内齿轮部件32啮合式地相接合。
第二行星齿轮组26也具有通常称为环形齿轮的外齿轮部件38,其围绕通常称为太阳齿轮的内齿轮部件40。多个行星齿轮部件42可旋转地安装在齿轮架44上,使得每个行星齿轮部件42与外齿轮部件38及内齿轮部件40啮合式地相接合。
第三行星齿轮组28也具有通常称为环形齿轮的外齿轮部件46,其围绕通常称为太阳齿轮的内齿轮部件48。多个行星齿轮部件50可旋转地安装在齿轮架52上,使得每个行星齿轮部件50与外齿轮部件46及内齿轮部件48啮合式地相接合。
在这个实施例中,行星齿轮组24的环形齿轮/太阳齿轮的齿数比是65/33;行星齿轮组26的环形齿轮/太阳齿轮的齿数比是65/33;而行星齿轮组28的环形齿轮/太阳齿轮的齿数比是94/34。
虽然所有三个行星齿轮组24,26和28就其本身而言是″简单的″行星齿轮组,但是第一和第二行星齿轮组24和26是复式的,其中第一行星齿轮组24的内齿轮部件32通过毂衬齿轮54而与第二行星齿轮组26的外齿轮部件38相结合。结合在一起的第一行星齿轮组24的内齿轮部件32和第二行星齿轮组26的外齿轮部件38持续地连接在第一电动机/发电机56上。
行星齿轮组24和26也是组合的,其中第一行星齿轮组24的齿轮架36通过轴60而结合在第二行星齿轮组26的齿轮架44上。同样,第一行星齿轮组24的齿轮架36和第二行星齿轮组26的齿轮架44相互结合。轴60还可通过扭矩传递装置62而选择性地连接在第三行星齿轮组28的齿轮架52上,如后文中更详细说明的那样,扭矩传递装置62用来帮助对混合型变速器10的操作模式进行选择。
第三行星齿轮组的齿轮架52直接连接在变速器的输出部件64上。当混合型变速器10用于陆路车辆中时,输出部件64可连接在车轴上(未示出),车轴则终止于传动部件(也未示出)。传动部件可以是车辆使用的前轮或后轮,或者可以是履带式车辆的传动齿轮。
第二行星齿轮组26的内齿轮部件40通过围绕在轴60的套轴66周围而连接在第三行星齿轮组28的内齿轮部件48上。第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮部件46通过扭矩传递装置70而选择性地接地式连接在变速器外壳68所代表的接点件上。如后文中详细解释的那样,扭矩传递装置70也可用于帮助对混合型变速器10的操作模式进行选择。套轴66也持续地连接在第二电动机/发电机72上。所有行星齿轮组24,26和28以及两个电动机/发电机56和72都是关于轴向设置的轴60同轴地定向的。应该注意,电动机/发电机56和72具有环形的构造,这允许它们围绕三个行星齿轮组24,26和28,使得行星齿轮组24,26和28设置在电动机/发电机56和72的径向内侧。这种构造就保证使变速器10的整个包迹、即圆周尺寸减到最小。
扭矩传递装置73选择性地使太阳齿轮40接地(即与变速器外壳68相连)。扭矩传递装置75作为闭锁离合器来工作,其通过选择性地使太阳齿轮40与齿轮架44连接,来锁定行星齿轮组24,26、电动机56,72和输入轴,使其成组地旋转。扭矩传递装置62,70,73,75都是摩擦离合器。
如同之前结合发动机14的描述中所说明的那样,同样必须懂得,第一和第二电动机/发电机56和72的转速和马力输出对于本发明而言也不是至关重要的,但是为了完全清楚了解混合型变速器10,电动机/发电机56和72具有30马力的持续功率和大约10200RPM的最大速度。该持续的额定功率大约为发动机14的1/10,并且最大速度是发动机14的大约1.5倍,但是,这些都取决于发动机的类型、最后的齿轮形式和工作循环。
如从前面描述中所了解的那样,具体参见图1,变速器10选择性地接受来自发动机14的功率。如将在下文中所述,混合型变速器也接受来自电存储设备74的功率。电存储设备74可以是一个或多个蓄蓄电池。其它具有存储电功率和分配电功率能力的电存储装置可用来取代蓄电池,而不会改变本发明的构思。如同结合发动机14以及第一和第二电动机/发电机56及72的描述中所述,同样必须懂得,电存储装置74的马力输出对于本发明并不是至关重要的,但为了完全清楚了解混合型变速器10,假定电存储装置74具有大约75马力的输出,以用于介绍示例性的电存储装置。蓄电池组的大小取决于再生的要求、区域问题如梯度和温度以及发动机要求,例如排放、功率辅助和电气范围。
电存储设备74通过传导体78A和78B而与电控制单元(ECU)76通讯。ECU 76通过传导体78C和78D而与第一电动机/发电机56通讯,并且ECU 76类似地通过传导体78E和78F而与第二电动机/发电机72通讯。
如从前面段落中所了解的那样,可在一个以上的位置处采用特定的结构部件、元件或装置。当总体上提到这类结构部件、元件或装置时,将采用一个共用的数字标号。然而,当其中一个这样来标识的结构部件、元件或装置需要进行单独的识别时,将通过所述数字标号和字母后缀的组合来对其进行引用,所述数字标号用于总体上标识该结构部件、元件或装置。因而,这里至少有六个总体上以标号78来标识的传导体,但是在说明书中和附图上,特定的单独传导体被标识为78A,78B,78C,78D,78E和78F。这种相同的加后缀习惯将在整个说明书中使用。
输入部件12可与传动齿轮80相连。如图所示,传动齿轮80将输入部件12固定地连接在第一行星齿轮组24的外齿轮部件30上,因此,传动齿轮80可从发动机14和/或电动机/发电机56和/或72中接受功率。传动齿轮80与空转齿轮82啮合式地相接合,空转齿轮82则与固定在轴86一端上的传动齿轮84啮合式地相接合。轴86的另一端可固定在传动液压泵和/或PTO单元上,它们单独地或一起地以88来表示。
示例性优选实施例的操作
介绍
车辆驾驶员可用三个众所周知的主要装置来控制变速器10。其中一个主要控制装置是众所周知的换档选择器(未示出),其指示ECU76来配置变速器,以用于停车、倒挡、空挡或前进挡。第二和第三主要控制装置构成了油门踏板(未示出)和刹车踏板(也未示出)。ECU76从这三个主要控制源中获得的信息在后文中将被称为“驾驶员指令”。ECU 76还分别从第一和第二电动机/发电机56和72、发动机14和电存储设备84中获得信息。响应于驾驶员的动作,ECU 76判断所要求的操作是什么,之后操纵混合型变速器10的选择性操作元件,以便正确地对驾驶员的指令作出响应。
例如,在图1所示的示例性实施例中,当驾驶员选择前进挡、并操纵油门踏板或刹车踏板时,ECU 76将判断车辆将加速或减速。ECU76还监测功率源的状态,并确定变速器实现加速或减速所需的输出功率。在ECU 76的指示下,为了满足驾驶员的指令,变速器能够提供从慢到快的输出速度范围。
为了提供对体现本发明构思的变速器的完整说明,将结合优选实施例,来介绍各种操作模式,这些操纵模式用于实现在各种工作条件下为满足驾驶员指令所必须的输出功率和速度。同样,以下描述将介绍由标号10所标识的特定变速器的全功率操作状态。
重申一次,变速器10是一种双模式的复合分配模式的车辆机电变速器。换句话说,输出部件64通过变速器10中的两个不同齿轮系来接受功率。当扭矩传递装置70被促动时,将选择第一模式或齿轮系,以便使第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮部件46″接地″。当扭矩传递装置70被释放并同时促动扭矩传递装置62时,将选择第二模式或齿轮系,以便将轴60连接在第三行星齿轮组28的齿轮架52上。
本领域的技术人员应该理解,ECU 76用于在每个操作模式中提供从较慢到较快的输出速度范围。这种在每一模式下都具有从慢至快输出速度范围的双模式组合就允许变速器10将车辆从静止状态推进到高速状态,同时满足本发明的其它目的。另外,ECU 76调节变速器10的操作,以容许这些模式之间的同步换挡。如所述,优选实施例的操作将结合全功率操作来进行叙述,这是由于那种方式将全面介绍总体的操作概念。
在以下描述中,应该注意,第一和第二操作″模式″指的是,变速器的功能受到一个离合器62或70的控制,并受到电动机/发电机56和72的所控制速度和扭矩来控制的情况,这些都在1991年4月23日授权给通用汽车公司的美国专利No.5,009,301中进行了介绍。另外,以下还描述了某些操作″范围″,其中通过采用另外的离合器来获得固定传动比。该另外的离合器可以是离合器62,73或75。
当应用另外的离合器时,可获得固定的输入输出速度比,如图2的真值表中所示(即,当应用两个离合器机构时)。因此,电动机/发电机56,72的旋转将取决于离合器所限定的机构的内旋转,并与输入速度成比例。然而,电动机/发电机仍可用作电动机或发电机,但是它们完全独立于发动机的输出功率流,因此这两者都可为电动机,两者都用作发电机,或者用作其任何组合。例如,这就允许在以第一固定传动比(图3中的范围I)的加速过程中,发动机功率和这两个单元都用作从能量存储装置74接受功率的电动机,以便通过行星齿轮组28至输出轴64来额外地推进车辆。
还应该注意,变速器的功能可通过在一种操作模式期间接通或断开另外的离合器,而在任何时候从固定传动比下的操作转换到模式控制。在固定传动比或模式控制下的操作可通过控制变速器的ECU 76中的算法来确定。
还应该注意,操作模式可使操作传动比重叠,并且其选择同样取决于驾驶员的输入和车辆对该输入的响应。如图3中所示,当C1和C4(离合器70和75)相接合时,范围1落在操作模式I的范围内,并且当C2和C1(离合器62和70)相接合时,范围2落在模式I的范围内。如图2中所示,在C2和C4(离合器62和75)相接合时的模式II期间,可获得第三固定传动比范围,并且在C2和C3(离合器62和73)相接合的模式II期间,可获得第四固定传动比范围。
I.第一模式
在第一操作模式下,并且当ECU 76已经确定驾驶员希望从固定状态向前移动并加速时,扭矩传递装置20操作式地接合起来,将发动机14连接到混合型变速器10上,并且随着车辆通过某一变速范围向前移动时,扭矩传递装置20仍保持应用状态,后文中将更详细地进行描述。扭矩传递装置62不起作用,其仍保持分离状态。扭矩传递装置70处于接合的状态。在这种情况下,发动机14将传动功率施加在第一行星齿轮组24的外齿轮部件30上,使得外部件30与输入部件12(并因而与发动机14)一致旋转。第一电动机/发电机56使第一行星齿轮组24的内齿轮部件32和第二行星齿轮组26的外齿轮部件38在相同方向上同时地旋转,因而在相同方向上驱动齿轮架36,这就导致了第二行星齿轮组24的内齿轮部件40的旋转。
在第一模式期间,第二电动机/发电机72用作电动机,因而电动机/发电机72在其驱动第三行星齿轮组28的内齿轮部件48旋转的方向上驱动套轴66,使得第三行星齿轮组28的行星齿轮50逆着第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮部件46的方向而旋转。外齿轮部件46通过接地而固定,以便齿轮架52在实现车辆前进运动所需的方向上驱动输出部件64。
由用作电动机的第二电动机/发电机72的旋转所导致的套轴66的这种旋转还使第二行星齿轮组26的内齿轮部件40旋转。因为扭矩传递装置62仍未接合,所以第一和第二行星齿轮组24和26的相应齿轮架36和44可自由地旋转,而且是一致地旋转的,因为这两个齿轮架36和44是组合的。结果,由发动机14所引起的第一行星齿轮组24的外齿轮部件30的旋转和第二电动机/发电机72所引起的内齿轮部件40的旋转就迫使第一行星齿轮组24的内齿轮部件32和结合在一起的第二行星齿轮组26的外齿轮部件38以那一方向和速度来驱动第一电动机/发电机56,这就导致第一电动机/发电机56至少最初用作发电机。
参照图3,曲线22是以每分钟转数(RPM)表示的发动机转速相对于以每小时英里数(MPH)表示的车辆速度的图示,在该车辆中包括发动机14和混合型变速器10。为了方便起见,应该注意,曲线22由可视的标绘点而连续。曲线90是第一电动机/发电机56(单元A)的转速(RPM)同样相对于车辆速度(MPH)的图示。该曲线可以很容易进行识别,因为标绘点显示为小方框。曲线92是第二电动机/发电机72(单元B)的转速(RPM)相对于车辆速度(MPH)的图示。该曲线可以很容易进行识别,因为标绘点显示为带(+)号的小方框。
不管这一部分描述的固定传动比操作如何,变速器10的第一操作模式可从表示发动机转速(RPM)的横座标延伸至平行于横座标而画出的线94上,该线94限定了变速器10从第一模式到第二模式的操作转换。在所述的典型实施例中,第一模式从车辆静止延伸至大约70MPH的前进速度。在大于大约70MPH的速度下,变速器将在第二模式下操作。
如之前所述,在整个第一模式-即从零至大约70MPH中,第二电动机/发电机都用作电动机。
本发明的独特之处在于,可选择固定传动比,使模式操作重叠,以便通过提高到达输出轴64的功率而进一步提高加速度。
在本发明中,传动比和模式都用于提高性能或效率。至图3中的操作线94(大约70MPH)以上的新操作如下所述地产生:在模式I下起动,但第一电动机/发电机56用作发电机,直到达到大约70MPH(如曲线90上的标绘点96所示)时为止。在大约7MPH时,闭锁离合器75接合,而离合器70仍保持接合。在这种配置下,变速器10以行星齿轮组28所限定的第一固定传动比而接合,如图2的固定传动比真值表所示。当离合器75接合时,前两个齿轮组24,26和电动机/发电机56,72以输入速度旋转,并与太阳齿轮48相连,并且在离合器70也处于接合状态时,行星齿轮组28可提供减速,并且扭矩倍增。所有功率都通过行星齿轮组机械地进行传递。在电动机/发电机56,72中不存在扭矩的条件下,没有电损耗,因而提供了更高的操作效率,然而,在电动机/发电机56,72施加全部扭矩的条件下,就可实现性能的显著提升。在这两个电动机由装置75锁定在一起时,它们还可同等地共享任何再生功率,从而在改善冷却的同时还产生了更高的制动性能。只有行星齿轮组28是起作用的,因为扭矩传递装置(闭锁离合器)75锁定了行星齿轮组24和26。如果功率分配操作所必需的功率流超过了电动机/发电机所能承受的范围时,扭矩传递装置的接合还保护了电动机/发电机56,72。因此,如果牵引或拖曳车辆上坡,那么电动机/发电机将得到防护。
在正常操作中,在低速下将只有离合器70接合,但是,如果需要最大功率时,那么闭锁离合器75也会形成接合。利用离合器75可接通电动机56,72,以实现最大的可用马力,并且可减小电动机/发电机56,72的功率,以降低操作温度。该离合器还为发动机14和电动机/发电机56,72提供了使所有这三者同时推进车辆以获得最大加速度的能力。
回到图3,在标绘点97处,闭锁离合器75是分离的。之后,电动机/发电机72用作电动机,而电动机/发电机56用作发电机,直至到达其中电动机/发电机56静止时的机械点98。然后电动机/发电机56反转方向并用作电动机。
然后,离合器62在大约57MPH下接合,其对应于图3的垂直线93。在离合器62和70接合时,将获得第二固定传动比。所有这三个齿轮组24,26,28都起作用,并且传动比为1.7∶1,如图2的固定传动比真值表所示。在离合器62和70接合期间,可关闭断开电动机/发电机56,72,以进行全机械的操作。在第二固定传动比期间,电动机56,72可空转,且不存在扭矩。第一模式终止于图3的线94处,这时离合器70断开,而离合器62仍保持接合,以用于高效率的第二操作模式。
在上面的描述中,补充了如美国专利5,009,031中所述的传动模式I,其中具有在模式I下启动、切换到固定传动比1、回到模式I和之后到达固定传动比2的能力。车辆中的实际操作由至ECU 76中的输入来确定。变速器可以根据需要而只在模式I下或在任何组合下操作,以提高效率、性能、制动功率,直至到达图3的线94。
如果有人希望复制这里所述的结果,那么第一和第二各行星齿轮组24和26的相应外齿轮部件30和38各自具有65个齿,并且第一和第二各行星齿轮组24和26的相应内齿轮部件32和40各自具有33个齿。第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮部件46具有94个齿,并且第三行星齿轮组28的内齿轮部件48具有34个齿。利用如上所述的变速器10的配置,以及内、外齿轮部件的上述齿数目,变速器就提供了在第一模式下操作的机械点(98)。也就是说,在大约50MPH下,第一电动机/发电机56具有零转速,如曲线90上的标绘点98所示。为了完成关于电动机/发电机在所述典型环境中的操作的描述,我们必须考虑变速器在第二操作模式下的操作。
II.第二模式
通过使扭矩传递装置70脱离接合,并继续应用扭矩传递装置62,就可实现变速器从第一到第二操作模式的转变。类似于上述模式I与固定传动比重叠一样,模式II与图2所示真值表中的固定传动比重叠,这由内部限制和发动机转速限制来确定。在第二操作模式开始时,第一电动机/发电机56从用作电动机转换至用作发电机,然而,这受到选择行星齿轮传动比的影响。因为变速器10从第一模式操作至第二模式操作的转换发生在线94上,所以第一电动机/发电机56从电动机至发电机的转换就发生在曲线90上的点100处,其还描绘了曲线92和线94的相交。在变速器10以第二模式来操作的过程中,第一电动机/发电机56继续用作发电机,而车辆获得大约70MPH到大约88MPH的速度。在大约88MPH时,当它过渡通过电动机/发电机56具有零转速时的机械点106时,第一电动机/发电机56就从作为发电机来操作而回到作为电动机来操作。第一电动机/发电机56之后继续用作电动机。
在第二操作模式开始时,第二电动机/发动机72继续用作电动机。实际上,第二电动机/发动机72用作电动机,直到车辆达到大约88MPH的速度时为止,此时,第二电动机/发动机72转换到作为发电机来操作,并且之后继续用作发电机。
利用如上所述的变速器10的配置,和内、外齿轮部件上的上述齿数目,变速器10就提供了在第二模式下操作时的两个机械点。也就是说,在大约88MPH下,第一电动机/发电机56具有零转速,如曲线90上的点106所示。另外,在大约208MPH下,第二电动机/发电机72具有零转速,如曲线92上的点108所示。因此,变速器10就提供了第二操作模式下的两个机械点。
如图2的固定传动比真值表中所示,在第二模式期间,可获得第三和第四固定传动比。在离合器62和75同时接合时,可建立第三固定传动比,其将所有齿轮组锁定在1∶1上,以便使输出64以与输入12相同的速度而旋转。
在离合器62和73接合时,可建立第四固定传动比,以提供固定的超速传动比0.74∶1,如图2的固定传动比真值表中所示。在第四固定传动比中,第一和第二行星齿轮组24和26是起作用的,并且电动机/发电机56,72可在不存在扭矩的条件下空转。
因此,本发明的变速器10提供了三个机械点和四个可用的固定传动比,从而最大程度地降低了电动机/发电机的电损耗,同时通过闭锁离合器75在第一模式下快速地提供最大功率。
应该懂得,其前述机械点的确切位置不仅由行星齿轮组的内、外齿轮部件上的齿数来确定,而且还由输入轴12的转速来确定。因此,对于典型实施例中所公开的内、外齿轮部件的齿数而言,输入轴12的速度提高将使机械点的位置跃迁到更高的车辆速度,相反,输入部件12的速度降低将使机械点跃迁到较低的车辆速度。
备选C4的接合:
示意性显示为在行星架44和太阳齿轮40之间的C4离合器75还可定位成连接环形齿轮38和太阳齿轮40,并将提供同样的锁定功能。然而,C3制动器73必须保持如图所示的状态,以便制动套轴66的旋转。
III.倒挡模式
通过ECU 76使第二电动机/发电机72作为电动机来操作但反转其旋转方向,从而实现倒挡操作模式,反转其旋转方向指的是,将车辆在第一操作模式下开始从固定位置向前移动时第二电动机/发电机72的旋转方向反向。
IV.总结
本发明提供了一种对私人货车特别有用的双模式的复合分配模式的机电变速器,其中典型负荷小于其最大功率的一半。这种新颖的变速器采用了闭锁离合器,并提供四个可用的机械点。它使得可更快地达到用于传递、牵引和拖曳的最大功率,并可使得可使用较小的电气元件,其可在成本效率较高的条件下应用于私人货车中。通过在电动变速变速器中提供固定传动比,就可以合理的成本来获得最大的燃料经济性。
变速器10还提供了在第一模式操作期间的单个机械点和在第二模式操作期间的两个机械点。如图3上的曲线109所示,在其整个操作范围内,变速器10提供了连续增大的输出速度。上述变速器采用了三个行星齿轮组,以便在受四个扭矩传递装置操作控制时提供双模式操作。另外,这三个行星齿轮组24,26和28以及这两个电动机/发电机56和72是同轴地设置的,环形电动机/发电机56和72围绕这三个行星齿轮组24,26和28,以便最大程度地减小变速器10的所需包迹、即周向尺寸。
备选实施例
本发明还构思出闭锁离合器75可定位在行星齿轮组24,26上的其它位置。例如,闭锁离合器可连接太阳齿轮40和第二行星齿轮组26的环形齿轮48。作为另一备选方案,闭锁离合器可连接齿轮架36和第一行星齿轮组24的环形齿轮30。
结论
虽然只公开了本发明的一个优选实施例和两个备选实施例,但是应该懂得,本发明的构思可接受本领域中的技术人员所想到的许多变化。因此,本发明范围并不限于所示和所述的细节,而是包括属于所附权利要求范围内的所有变型和改型。

Claims (24)

1.一种双模式的复合分配模式的混合型机电变速器,包括:
用于从原动机功率源接受功率的输入部件;
用于从变速器中传出功率的输出部件;
第一和第二电动机/发电机;
用于与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机互换电功率的能量存储装置;
控制单元,其用于调节所述能量存储装置与所述第一及第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换,并且还用于调节所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换;
同轴地对准的第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组,各行星齿轮组采用了第一、第二和第三齿轮部件;
所述第一和第二电动机/发电机彼此同轴对准,并与所述第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组同轴对准;
所述第一或第二行星齿轮组中的至少一个所述齿轮部件连接在所述第一电动机/发电机上;
所述第二和第三行星齿轮组中的另一所述齿轮部件连接在所述第二电动机/发电机上;
第一扭矩传递机构,其选择性地将与各所述第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组相关联的其中一个所述齿轮部件相互连接起来,并连接在所述输出部件上;
第二扭矩传递机构,其选择性地将所述第三行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件接地;
第三扭矩传递机构,其选择性地将所述第二行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件和所述第二行星齿轮组的另一所述齿轮部件连接起来;
第一互连部件,其持续地将所述第一行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件和所述第二行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件连接起来;
第二互连部件,其持续地将所述第二行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件和所述第三行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件连接起来;以及
所述第一行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件持续地连接在所述输入部件上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,还包括:
第四扭矩传递机构,其选择性地将所述第三扭矩传递机构所连接的其中一个所述齿轮部件接地。
3.根据权利要求2所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第一和第二电动机/发电机环状地围绕所述同轴地对准的行星齿轮组。
4.根据权利要求3所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述行星齿轮组设置在所述第一和第二电动机/发电机的径向内侧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,各行星齿轮组的所述第一、第二和第三齿轮部件分别包括环形齿轮、齿轮架和太阳齿轮,并且所述第一互连部件持续地将所述第一行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮互连。
6.根据权利要求5所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第二互连部件持续地将所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第三行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮互连起来。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第一扭矩传递机构选择性地将所述第一和第二行星齿轮组的所述齿轮架与所述第三行星齿轮组的所述齿轮架及所述输出部件连接起来。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第二扭矩传递机构选择性地将所述第三行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮接地。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第三扭矩传递机构选择性地将所述第二行星齿轮组的所述齿轮架或环形齿轮与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮连接起来。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第一行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第一电动机/发电机相连,并且所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第二电动机/发电机相连。
11.根据权利要求10所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第一行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮与所述输入部件相连。
12.根据权利要求11所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第三行星齿轮组的所述齿轮架持续地与所述输出部件相连。
13.根据权利要求2所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,各行星齿轮组的所述第一、第二和第三齿轮部件分别包括环形齿轮、齿轮架和太阳齿轮,并且所述第一互连部件持续地将所述第一行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮互连。
14.根据权利要求13所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第二互连部件持续地将所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第三行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮互连起来。
15.根据权利要求14所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第一扭矩传递机构选择性地将所述第一和第二行星齿轮组的所述齿轮架与所述第三行星齿轮组的所述齿轮架及所述输出部件连接起来。
16.根据权利要求15所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第二扭矩传递机构选择性地将所述第三行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮接地。
17.根据权利要求16所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第三扭矩传递机构选择性地将所述第二行星齿轮组的所述齿轮架或环形齿轮与所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮连接起来。
18.根据权利要求17所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第一行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第一电动机/发电机相连,并且所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮与所述第二电动机/发电机相连。
19.一种双模式的复合分配模式的混合型机电变速器,包括:
用于从原动机功率源接受功率的输入部件;
用于从变速器中传出功率的输出部件;
第一和第二电动机/发电机;
用于与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机互换电功率的能量存储装置;
控制单元,其用于调节所述能量存储装置与所述第一及第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换,并且还用于调节所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换;
第一、第二和第三行星齿轮组,各行星齿轮组采用了第一、第二和第三齿轮部件;
所述第一或第二行星齿轮组中的至少一个所述齿轮部件连接在所述第一电动机/发电机上;
所述第二或第三行星齿轮组中的另一所述齿轮部件连接在所述第二电动机/发电机上;
第一互连部件,其持续地将所述第一行星齿轮组的其中一个所述部件和所述第二行星齿轮组的其中一个所述部件连接起来;
第二互连部件,其持续地将所述第二行星齿轮组的其中一个所述部件和所述第三行星齿轮组的其中一个所述部件连接起来;
所述第一行星齿轮组的其中一个所述齿轮部件持续地连接在所述输入部件上;和
四个扭矩传递机构,其用于选择性地将所述行星齿轮组的所述部件与固定部件或所述行星齿轮组的其它部件互连起来,所述四个扭矩传递机构选择性地两两组合地进行接合,以便当没有功率流经过所述第一和第二电动机/发电机时,在所述输入部件和输出部件之间提供了四个可用的固定传动比;
其中,所述变速器具有三个可用的操作机械点,在所述机械点处,所述第一和第二电动机/发电机的其中一个是静止的。
20.一种双模式的复合分配模式的混合型机电变速器,包括:
用于从原动机功率源接受功率的输入部件;
用于从变速器中传出功率的输出部件;
第一和第二电动机/发电机;
用于与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机互换电功率的能量存储装置;
控制单元,其用于调节所述能量存储装置与所述第一及第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换,并且还用于调节所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换;
三个同轴对准的行星齿轮组,其包括第一、第二和第三简单的行星齿轮组,每个简单的行星齿轮组都包括太阳齿轮部件、环形齿轮部件以及可旋转地支撑多个行星齿轮的行星齿轮架组件;
所述第一和第二电动机/发电机彼此同轴对准,并与所述第一、第二和第三简单的行星齿轮组同轴对准;
所述第一行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮持续地与所述输入部件相连;
所述第二行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮持续地与所述第一电动机/发电机及所述第一行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮相连;
所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮持续地连接在所述第二电动机/发电机以及所述第三行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮上;
所述第三行星齿轮组的所述环形齿轮选择性地接地;
所述第二行星齿轮组的所述行星齿轮选择性地连接在所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮上;
所述第三行星齿轮组的所述行星齿轮持续连接在所述输出部件上;和
所述第一和第二行星齿轮组的所述行星齿轮选择性地连接在所述第三行星齿轮组的所述行星齿轮上。
21.根据权利要求20所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述第二行星齿轮组的所述太阳齿轮选择性地接地。
22.根据权利要求20所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,当没有功率流流经所述第一和第二电动机/发电机时,所述选择性连接装置两两组合地相接合,以便在所述输入部件和输出部件之间提供四个可用的固定传动比。
23.根据权利要求22所述的机电变速器,其特征在于,所述变速器具有三个可用的操作机械点,在所述机械点处,所述第一和第二电动机/发电机的其中一个是静止的。
24.一种双模式的复合分配模式的混合型机电变速器,包括:
输入部件、输出部件,以及第一和第二电动机/发电机;
用于与所述第一和第二电动机/发电机互换电功率的能量存储装置;
控制单元,其用于调节所述能量存储装置与所述第一及第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换,并且还用于调节所述第一和第二电动机/发电机之间的电功率互换;
三个各自具有第一、第二和第三部件的行星齿轮组;
所述行星齿轮组的其中一个所述部件连接在所述第一电动机/发电机上,并且所述行星齿轮组的另一所述部件连接在所述第二电动机/发电机上;
四个扭矩传递机构,其选择性地将所述行星齿轮组的部件与所述行星齿轮组的其它部件连接起来并且接地,其中一个所述扭矩传递机构用作闭锁离合器,以便将其中两个所述行星齿轮组锁定在1∶1的传动比下;和
持续地连接所述行星齿轮组部件的第一和第二互连部件;
所述四个扭矩传递机构可选择性地成对接合,以便当所述第一和第二电动机/发电机中不存在扭矩时,可在所述输入部件和输出部件之间提供四个固定传动比。
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US20050137042A1 (en) 2005-06-23
DE112004002494B4 (de) 2020-06-10

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