CN1897849A - 用于中温冷冻商品柜的蒸发器 - Google Patents
用于中温冷冻商品柜的蒸发器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1897849A CN1897849A CNA2004800382477A CN200480038247A CN1897849A CN 1897849 A CN1897849 A CN 1897849A CN A2004800382477 A CNA2004800382477 A CN A2004800382477A CN 200480038247 A CN200480038247 A CN 200480038247A CN 1897849 A CN1897849 A CN 1897849A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
- A47F3/00—Show cases or show cabinets
- A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
- A47F3/0439—Cases or cabinets of the open type
- A47F3/0443—Cases or cabinets of the open type with forced air circulation
- A47F3/0447—Cases or cabinets of the open type with forced air circulation with air curtains
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
- A47F3/00—Show cases or show cabinets
- A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
- A47F3/00—Show cases or show cabinets
- A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
- A47F3/0482—Details common to both closed and open types
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels
- F28D1/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels with an air driving element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
- F28D1/0435—Combination of units extending one behind the other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
- F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
- F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
- Freezers Or Refrigerated Showcases (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
冷冻商品柜(100)包括用于定义产品展示区域(125)的竖直的、向前开放的绝缘橱柜(110),该产品展示区域通过空气循环回路(122、114、116)与隔箱(120)内的空气流进行空气交换。使用通过设置在隔箱(120)内的蒸发器(40)的盘管(46)的冷冻剂流来冷却来自于冷冻商品柜的产品展示区域的空气流。
Description
本申请是2001年5月4日申请的,共同代理的、未授权的申请序列号为09/849209,名称为中温冷冻商品柜的申请的继续。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及一种冷冻商品柜系统,并且尤其涉及用于展示食物和/或饮料产品的冷冻、中温商品柜系统。
背景技术
在传统实践中,超市和便利店都提供有许多陈列柜,该陈列柜是开放式的或提供有门,当在冷冻环境中保持新鲜食品和饮料时用于向客户提供新鲜食品或饮料。有代表性的是,通过在蒸发器盘管的热交换表面上方通入空气将冷、含水份的空气提供到每个陈列柜的产品展示区域,其中蒸发器盘管设置在陈列柜内与产品展示区域分开的区域从而使蒸发器在顾客视线外。将合适的冷冻剂,如R-404A冷冻剂通入到蒸发器盘管的热交换管。因为冷冻剂在蒸发器盘管内蒸发,通过蒸发器的空气可以吸走热量从而降低了空气的温度。
将冷冻系统安装在超市和便利店内以方便地在合适条件下提供冷冻剂到陈列柜的蒸发器盘管。所有冷冻系统都包括至少以下部件:压缩机、冷凝器、至少一个与陈列柜联系在一起的蒸发器、恒温膨胀阀、和在封闭循环回路内与上述装置连接在一起的适当的冷冻线。恒温膨胀阀关于蒸发器入口的冷冻流逆向设置在冷冻线内用于使液体冷冻剂膨胀。膨胀阀起到选择特定的冷冻剂,计算和膨胀液体冷冻剂使其在进入到蒸发器之前达到所需低压的功能。作为上述膨胀的结果,液体冷冻剂的温度也大幅度降低。因为当其通过蒸发器管时其从通过蒸发器表面的空气中吸热所以低压、低温的液体蒸发。有代表性的是,超市和食品杂货店冷冻系统包括多个设置在多个陈列柜内的蒸发器、称为压缩机架的多个压缩机组件、和一个或多个冷凝器。
此外,在特定冷冻系统中,蒸发器压力调节(EPR)阀设置在蒸发器出口处的冷冻线内。EPR阀起到使蒸发器内的压力保持在用于特殊冷冻的预定压力点以上。在使用冷凝水的冷冻系统中,常用的是设置EPR阀从而使蒸发器内的冷冻剂保持在水的凝固点之上。例如,在使用R-12作为冷冻剂的水冷凝冷冻系统中,可以将EPR阀设置在32psig的压力设定点(每平方英寸磅,标准度量),其等于华氏34度的冷冻温度。
在传统实践中,冷冻食品展示系统内的蒸发器通常在低于水的结霜点(frostpoint)的冷冻温度下工作。因而,在工作期间由于通过蒸发器表面的冷却空气内的湿气与蒸发器表面接触所以将在蒸发器上形成霜。在中-温冷冻陈列柜中,如通常用于展示农产品、牛奶和其他日常产品、或饮料,根据特殊冷冻产品的需要,冷冻产品必须优选保持在华氏32到41度的温度范围内。在中温产品陈列柜中,如商业冷冻领域的传统实践已经在蒸发器的管上通入了循环冷却空气,其中通过盘管的制冷剂在大约华氏21度沸腾以将冷却空气温度保持在华氏31或32度。在中温牛奶产品陈列柜例如,传统的商业冷冻领域中在蒸发器的管上通入循环冷却空气,其中通过盘管的制冷剂在大约华氏21度沸腾以将冷却空气温度保持在大约28或29度F。在上述冷冻温度下,管的外表面的温度低于结霜点温度。因为在蒸发器表面产生了霜,蒸发器的性能将降低并且通过蒸发器的空气的自由流动受到限制并且几乎陷入绝境而停滞。
具有安装在冷冻管上的简单扁平散热片的类型的散热片和管状热交换器盘管的特征是具有较低的翅密度,典型地是每英寸具有2到4个散热片,其中冷冻管通常用作商业冷冻工业内的蒸发器。通常,在中温陈列柜中,在强迫通风装置中提供有蒸发器和多个轴向流动散热片用于将冷冻空气提供到陈列柜的产品区域。最普通的是,风扇关于在强迫通风模式中产品展示区域下的隔箱内的蒸发器的空气流逆流设置,商品柜中每四英尺长设置一个风扇。也就是,通常在四英尺长的商品柜中有一个风扇,在八英尺长的商品柜内有两个风扇,并且在十二英尺长的商品柜有三个风扇。
在运行过程中,风扇对通过蒸发器的空气施加压力,与通过管的冷冻剂进行热交换而通过散热片和管状热交换器盘管的管。按照惯例,冷冻剂通入到在物理性上与空气流逆流设置的装置内,也就是冷冻剂进入到蒸发器的空气侧出口处的热交换器内并通过管到达设置在蒸发器空气侧入口处的冷冻剂出口。来自于蒸发器的冷冻空气通过商品柜后侧上部的后流量管而循环并且随后通过商品柜后侧上部的后流量管而到达产品展示区域。在向前-开放式陈列柜结构中,从上流量管出去的冷冻空气一般向下越过产品展示区域的前部而形成把产品展示区域和商店外部环境隔开的空气帘,从而减少外界空气渗透到产品展示区域。也可以在后流量管的内壁上形成穿孔以允许冷冻空气通过后流量管直接到达产品展示区域。
如上所述,在商业冷冻工业中已经有了在蒸发器中仅使用低散热片密度的热交换用于中温应用的实践。上述实践产生了预期的在热交换器蒸发器的表面产生霜并且希望延长所需的除霜操作之间的周期。由于产生了霜,用于通过两个相邻散热片间的空气的有效流量间隔变得越来越少直到极限,即间隔被霜跨接。产生了霜的结果是,热交换性能降低并且流到产品展示区域的空气流也减少,因而需要启动除霜周期。此外,因为通过低散热片密度蒸发器盘管的压降相对较低,上述低压降与前面所述的两风扇之间相对较宽的间隔一起导致了通过蒸发器盘管的空气速度的较大变化,其中在蒸发器盘管的长度上依次导致了不希望的变化,离开盘管的空气的温度。8英寸小的范围内的高达6的温度变化不是异常的。冷冻空气温度内的上述层次可能对产品温度具有潜在的较大影响从而导致产品展示区域内的产品温度的不希望的变化。
当在蒸发器盘管上形成了霜时,它将首先在低空气流速的区域内堆积。结果是,空气流进一步分配不均并且温度分配也将更加变形。通过蒸发器的空气流分配也将变形,作为由于多个传统的间隔轴向流动风扇产生的内在空气流速轮廓的结果。因为每一个风扇都产生钟曲线形的速度流,空气流速度轮廓典型的是波浪型,空气流速度在每个风扇中心线附近上升并且在两个相邻的风扇之间下降到最小值。
美国专利US5743098,Behr,公开了一种具有模块化的空气冷却和循环装置的冷冻食物商品柜,其中模块化的空气冷却和循环装置包括多个具有预定长度的模块化蒸发器,每个蒸发器都具有与其相连接的单独的空气移动装置。蒸发器首尾相对地水平分隔设置在商品的产品展示区域下面的隔箱内。一单独轴向流动风扇对与每个蒸发器连接在一起用于使来自于产品展示区域中的相关区域的空气循环通过用于冷却的蒸发器盘管,并且随后返回到产品展示区域中的相关区域。每个蒸发器都包括多个散热片和管状盘管。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有改进了蒸发器性能的改进了的中温商品柜。
冷冻商品柜提供有用于定义产品展示区域和与产品展示区域分开的隔箱的绝缘橱柜,在其中设置有蒸发器和至少一个空气循环轴向流动风扇。蒸发器包括具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管,和具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管,所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管的入口与所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管的出口以冷冻剂流动的方式连通。第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有第一散热片密度并且第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有高于第一散热片密度的第二散热片密度。优选地,第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有每英寸少于6个散热片的散热片密度并且第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有每英寸至少6个散热片的散热片密度,并且更优选地,散热片密度在每英寸6个散热片到每英寸15个散热片的范围内。
在本发明的方法中,冷冻商品柜操作为将蒸发器的第二热交换器盘管保持在高于华氏32度的温度从而使从冷冻商品柜的产品展示区域进入到蒸发器的空气内的部分潮气在空气中凝结在第二热交换器盘管的热传递表面。
附图说明
为了进一步理解本发明,将结合附图详细描述本发明下面的优选实施例:
图1是具有中温食物商品柜的商业冷冻系统的示意图;
图2是图1中示意性地示出的商业冷冻系统的各个部分的正面图;
图3是本发明的冷冻商品柜的优选实施例的部分侧面图;
图4是本发明的蒸发器的示意性的实施例的透视图;
图5是沿着图3中的线4-4截开的图3中的蒸发器的平面图;并且
图6是本发明的蒸发器的可选择的实施例的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1和2中图解的冷冻系统描述为具有一个与冷冻商品柜一起的单个的蒸发器、一个单个的冷凝器、和一个单个的压缩机。可以理解本发明的冷冻商品柜可以用在各种包括单个或多个冷冻商品柜、单个或多个冷凝器、和/或单个或多个压缩机装置的商业冷冻系统中,其中每个冷冻商品柜具有一个或多个蒸发器。
现在参考图1和2,冷冻商品柜系统10包括五个基本部件:一个压缩机20、一个冷凝器30、一个与冷冻商品柜100在一起的蒸发器40、一个膨胀(expansion)装置50和一个蒸发器压力控制装置60,其中蒸发器压力控制装置60通过冷冻线12、14、16和18连接在封闭的冷冻回路中。此外,系统10包括控制器90。然而,可以理解,冷冻系统还可以包括附加的部件、控制元件和附件。压缩机20的出口或高压侧通过冷冻线12连接到冷凝器30的入口32。冷凝器30的出口34通过冷冻线14连接到膨胀装置50的入口。扩展装置50的出口通过冷冻线16连接到设置在陈列柜100内的蒸发器40的入口41。蒸发器40的出口43通过冷冻线18通常称之为吸入线连接回到压缩机20的吸入或低压侧。
冷冻商品柜100,通常称之为陈列柜,包括一个竖直的、向前开放的、用于定义产品展示区域125的绝缘橱柜110。蒸发器40,其是散热片和管状热交换器盘管,设置在与其分开的并且在图示的实施例中位于产品展示区域125下面的隔箱120内的冷冻柜100内。隔箱120,然而根据需要也可以设置在产品展示区域的上面或后面。因为按照惯例,利用空气循环装置,如一个或多个风扇70使空气循环,上述循环装置设置在隔箱120内,通过形成在橱柜110的墙壁内的空气流通路112、114和116到达产品展示区域125以使存储在产品展示区域125内的架子130上的产品保持在所需的温度。部分冷冻空气从空气流通路116出来通常向下越过展示区域125的前面从而在冷冻产品展示区域125和陈列柜100附近的存储区域的周围温度之间形成一个空气帘。
膨胀装置50,其通常位于陈列柜100中靠近蒸发器40的位置,但也可以设置在冷冻线14的任何地方,用于计量流入到蒸发器40内的液体冷冻剂正确的量。因为按照惯例,如果没有液体冷冻剂流出蒸发器进入到吸入线18时尽可能满的液体冷冻剂使蒸发器40的效果最好。虽然可以使用传统的任何形式的膨胀装置,膨胀装置50最好包括一个具有热传感元件的恒温膨胀阀(TXV)52,上述传感元件可以是例如设置为与蒸发器40的出口44的吸入线18顺向连接的感应球54。感应球54通过传统的毛细管56连接回到恒温膨胀阀52。
蒸发器压力控制装置60,其可以包括受吸入压力调节器或任何传统的蒸发器压力调节阀(通称为EPRV)控制的步进电机,通过调节通过吸入线18离开蒸发器的冷冻剂的流量将蒸发器内的压力保持在预先选择的所需的压力。通过将蒸发器内的操作压力保持在所需的压力,蒸发器40内使冷冻剂从液体变成蒸汽的温度可以保持在与通过蒸发器的特定冷冻剂相关的特定温度。
现在参考图3,冷冻商品柜100的向前开放的、绝缘橱柜110定义了具有多个展示架130的产品展示区域125。将蒸发器40和一个或多个空气循环装置,如轴向流动风扇70一起设置在商品柜100的隔箱120内,该商品柜通过形成在绝缘橱柜110墙壁内的流动管112、114和116连接在具有产品展示区域的空气流循环回路内。
现在参考图4、5和6,蒸发器40包括一个第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管40A和一个第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管40B,每种类型都包括形成在多个螺旋管盘管上的多个散热片。第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管40A具有多个形成散热片组件的散热片48A,上述散热片组件包括多个并行间隔设置的金属板并且通常关于通过蒸发器40A的空气流轴向对准。第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管40B具有多个形成散热片组件的散热片48B,上述散热片组件包括多个并行间隔设置的金属板并且通常关于通过蒸发器40B的空气流轴向对准。散热片48A和48B可以是平板、波纹形板、或任何根据需要能提高热交换的结构。每个管状盘管46A和46B通过其并行散热片的各个散热片组件以传统方式迂回前进从而使每个管状盘管形成多个通过散热片组件横向延伸而连通的排管。虽然示出了仅有两个管状盘管的热交换器盘管,应当理解每个热交换器盘管根据需要可以具有任何数量的管状盘管。循环空气在循环风扇70的影响下从产品展示区域流动通过蒸发器40以传统的方式被冷却。在图4、5和6中,通过蒸发器的空气流的方向是从右到左。因此,从产品展示区域回来的相对较暖的空气流被冷却后首先通过第二热交换器盘管40B,并且随后通过第一热交换器盘管40A。
来自于冷冻系统的冷冻剂通过线14、16并通过冷冻剂入口集管(header)41进入到蒸发器40的第一热交换器盘管40A,随后通过盘管46A流到冷冻剂出口集管43。从冷冻剂出口集管43,冷冻剂流入到第二热交换器盘管40B的冷冻剂入口集管47,随后通过盘管46B到达冷冻剂出口集管49。从冷冻剂出口集管49,冷冻剂通过线18回到冷冻系统中。
对于图4图解的蒸发器40的实施例中,在第一热交换器盘管40A中,冷冻剂从冷冻剂入口集管41关于通过第一热交换器盘管40A的空气流逆流到大部分排管,通过管46A,从管46A出来后关于通过第一热交换器盘管的空气流顺流到大部分排管而到达冷冻剂出口集管43。对于图6图解的蒸发器40的实施例中,在第一热交换器盘管40A中,冷冻剂从冷冻剂入口集管41关于通过第一热交换器盘管的40A空气流逆流到大部分排管,通过管46A,从管46A流出后关于通过第一热交换器盘管的空气流顺流入到大部分排管而到达冷冻剂出口集管43。
在另一个实施例中,离开第一热交换器盘管40A的冷冻剂从第一热交换器盘管40A的冷冻剂出口集管43流入到第二热交换器盘管40B的冷冻剂入口集管47。从冷冻剂入口集管47,冷冻剂关于通过第二热交换器盘管40B的空气流顺流到大部分排管从而通过关于通过第二热交换器盘管40B的空气流逆流出去到达冷冻剂出口集管49或第二热交换器盘管40B。以上述方式,流过蒸发器40的冷冻剂是最热的,因为其出口到第二热交换器盘管40B,并且通过蒸发器40的循环空气也是最热的,因为其进入到第二热交换器盘管40B。
因而,蒸发器40,也就是第二热交换器盘管40B上游的冷冻剂和空气都在其各自的最高温度。因此,第二热交换器盘管40B的表面比第一热交换器盘管40A的表面热。从而,优选地可以将散热片和管状第二热交换器盘管40B的热交换表面保持在高于华氏32度的温度。通过将散热片和管状第二热交换器盘管40B的表面温度保持在高于华氏32度,来自于产品展示区域流入到蒸发器40的较热的循环空气内的潮气将在第二热交换器盘管的表面减少并可以以传统的方式耗尽。因为其通过第二热交换器盘管40B后,至少部分潮气从循环空气中被移出去,在第一热交换器盘管40A的较冷的热传递表面上将减少产生霜的量。
因为第二热交换器盘管40B的热传递表面优选保持在高于水的凝固点的温度,在第二热交换器盘管40B内将不存在产生霜的问题。因此,第二热交换器盘管40B可以具有相对较高的散热片密度,即每英寸至少有6个散热片的散热片密度,以提高和/或优化冷冻剂和循环空气的热传递。因为在第一热交换器盘管40A的较冷的热传递表面上容易产生霜,第一热交换器盘管将具有相对较低的散热片密度,即每英寸少于6个散热片的散热片密度。第一热交换器盘管40A甚至可以是非-散热片的、裸露的管状盘管,其具有零的散热片密度。具有较低的散热片密度,在不大幅度降低蒸发器性能的情况下,霜可以堆积在较大的范围内。
优选地,蒸发器40的第二热交换器盘管40B包括相对较高压降的散热片和管状热交换器,该交换器具有在每英寸6个到25个散热片范围内的,更优选地是每英寸6到15个散热片范围内的相对较高的散热片密度。具有相对较高散热片密度的热交换器能在比传统的低散热片密度蒸发器操作的温度差更低的冷冻剂与空气温度差下工作。
因为每个特定的冷冻剂都具有其自己的温度-压力曲线特性,对于使用的特定的冷冻剂通过使用控制器90调整EPRV 60的设定点在预定最小压力设定点,提供蒸发器40的第二热交换器盘管40B的无霜操作理论上是可能的。以这种方式,第二热交换器盘管40B的冷冻剂温度可以优选设置在这样的点,在该点上所有具有潮湿空气的第二热交换器盘管40B的外部热传递表面都高于霜产生温度。例如,可以通过保持下述条件:24F到31F的盘管饱和温度、35F到45F的空气进入温度、2F到15F的第二热交换器盘管内的过热增益量、和盘管内低于5psi的压降使第二热交换器盘管40B的热传递表面保持在高于水的凝固点的温度。
控制器90接收来自于至少一个与蒸发器40一起操作的传感器的输入信号以检测表示蒸发器40内冷冻剂的沸点温度的蒸发器40的操作参数。传感器可以包括一个设置在蒸发器40出口43附近的吸入线18上并可操作地检测蒸发器出口压力的压力传感器92。来自于压力传感器92的信号91表示蒸发器40内冷冻剂的操作压力并因此对于使用的预定冷冻剂,则表示蒸发器40内冷冻剂的沸点。可以选择的是,传感器可以包括设置在蒸发器40的盘管上并且可操作地检测蒸发器盘管外表面的操作温度的温度传感器94。来自于温度传感器94的信号93表示蒸发器盘管外表面的操作温度并且因此也表示蒸发器40内的冷冻剂的沸点温度。优选地,压力传感器92和温度传感器94都可以与控制器90从传感器接收的输入信号一起设置,从而当一个传感器坏了时可以提供安全措施。
尽管本发明参考其具体实施例进行了详细的表示和描述,对于本领域普通技术人员来说也可以出现其他的变化。可以理解,本发明的范围仅限于从属权利要求的范围。例如,第一和第二热交换器盘管可以是相邻的或互相分离的。多个散热片可以被第一和第二热交换器盘管共用。第一和第二热交换器盘管可以具有不同的散热片结构和不同的管状几何结构。
Claims (13)
1、一种用于冷冻商品柜的蒸发器,包括:
具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管,所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有第一散热片密度;和
具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管,所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有第二散热片密度,所述第二散热片密度高于所述第一散热片密度,所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管的入口与所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管的出口以冷冻剂流动的方式连通。
2、根据权利要求1所述的用于冷冻商品柜的蒸发器,其中所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有低于每英寸6个散热片的散热片密度。
3、根据权利要求1所述的用于冷冻商品柜的蒸发器,其中所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有每英寸至少6个散热片的散热片密度。
4、一种用于冷冻商品柜的蒸发器,包括:
具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第一热交换器,所述第一热交换器是非散热片管状盘管热交换器;和具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第二热交换器,所述第二散热片和管状热交换器与所述第一热交换器的出口以冷冻剂流动的方式连通,所述第二热交换器是散热片密度每英寸至少6个散热片的散热片和管状热交换器盘管。
5、一种冷冻商品柜,其包括用于定义产品展示区域并具有与产品区域分开的隔箱的橱柜、以空气流动连通的方式连接所述产品展示区域和所述隔箱的空气循环回路、以合作设置的方式设置在所述隔箱内的蒸发器和空气循环风扇从而使通过所述蒸发器的空气流与通过所述蒸发器的冷冻剂进行热交换,其特征在于所述蒸发器包括:
具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管,所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有较低的散热片密度;和
具有冷冻剂入口和冷冻剂出口的第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管,所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有较高的散热片密度,所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管的入口与所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管的出口以冷冻剂流动的方式连通。
6、根据权利要求5所述的冷冻商品柜,其中所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有每英寸低于6个散热片的散热片密度。
7、根据权利要求5所述的冷冻商品柜,其中所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有每英寸至少6个散热片的散热片密度。
8、根据权利要求5所述的冷冻商品柜,其中所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管设置在所述第一散热片和管状热交换器相对于通过所述蒸发器的空气流的上游。
9、根据权利要求5所述的冷冻商品柜,其中在所述第一散热片和管状热交换器盘管内冷冻剂与流经的空气流呈物理上平行以及热力上对流的关系受到引导。
10、根据权利要求5所述的冷冻商品柜,其特征还在于:在所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管内冷冻剂与流经的空气流呈物理上平行以及热力上对流的关系受到引导。
11、根据权利要求5所述的冷冻商品柜,其特征还在于:所述第二散热片和管状热交换器盘管具有范围在每英寸6个散热片到每英寸15个散热片的散热片密度。
12、在一种冷冻商品柜系统中,其包括用于定义产品展示区域并具有与产品区域分开的隔箱的橱柜、在空气流内连接所述产品展示区域和所述隔箱的空气循环回路、以合作设置的方式设置在所述隔箱内的蒸发器和空气循环风扇从而使通过所述蒸发器的空气流与通过所述蒸发器的冷冻剂进行热交换,以及与所述蒸发器操作的冷冻系统中,其操作方法包括以下步骤:
使来自于冷冻系统的冷冻剂通过所述蒸发器的第一部分;
使来自于所述蒸发器第一部分的冷冻剂通过所述蒸发器的第二部分;
使来自于所述蒸发器第二部分的冷冻剂回到冷冻剂系统;
使来自于产品展示区域的循环空气首先通过所述蒸发器的第二部分,随后通过所述蒸发器的第一部分并然后回到所述冷冻商品柜的产品展示区域;以及
将所述蒸发器第二部分的温度保持在高于华氏32度的温度。
13、根据权利要求12的操作方法,进一步包括以下步骤:使所述蒸发器的第二部分具有每英寸至少6个散热片的散热片密度并且使所述蒸发器的第一部分具有每英寸少于6个散热片的散热片密度。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/743,394 | 2003-12-22 | ||
US10/743,394 US6923013B2 (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2003-12-22 | Evaporator for medium temperature refrigerated merchandiser |
PCT/US2004/042811 WO2005063084A1 (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-20 | Evaporator for medium temperature refrigerated merchandiser |
Publications (1)
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CN1897849A true CN1897849A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
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CNA2004800382477A Pending CN1897849A (zh) | 2003-12-22 | 2004-12-20 | 用于中温冷冻商品柜的蒸发器 |
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US (1) | US6923013B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1699322A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007519879A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100750037B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1897849A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004308347B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0417855A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2550665C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005063084A1 (zh) |
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- 2004-12-20 AU AU2004308347A patent/AU2004308347B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-20 BR BRPI0417855-6A patent/BRPI0417855A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-20 KR KR1020067012293A patent/KR100750037B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-20 JP JP2006547225A patent/JP2007519879A/ja active Pending
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101886860A (zh) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-17 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 冷却器和物品储藏装置 |
WO2017080346A1 (zh) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | 南通四方冷链装备股份有限公司 | 翅片式蒸发器 |
CN108291780A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2018-07-17 | 开利公司 | 换热器 |
CN107465135A (zh) * | 2017-10-16 | 2017-12-12 | 从佳乐 | 一种基于工业机械的电柜热交换器 |
CN107465135B (zh) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-07-26 | 钛科优控(江苏)工业科技有限公司 | 一种基于工业机械的电柜热交换器 |
WO2023185609A1 (zh) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 海尔智家股份有限公司 | 冰箱 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100750037B1 (ko) | 2007-08-16 |
CA2550665A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
KR20060107559A (ko) | 2006-10-13 |
CA2550665C (en) | 2011-05-10 |
JP2007519879A (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
WO2005063084A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
AU2004308347A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
EP1699322A1 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
US6923013B2 (en) | 2005-08-02 |
BRPI0417855A (pt) | 2007-04-27 |
US20040168456A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
AU2004308347B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
EP1699322A4 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
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