CN1896769A - Planar-wave electromagnetic-field detector and measurement at seabed - Google Patents
Planar-wave electromagnetic-field detector and measurement at seabed Download PDFInfo
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- CN1896769A CN1896769A CN 200610080789 CN200610080789A CN1896769A CN 1896769 A CN1896769 A CN 1896769A CN 200610080789 CN200610080789 CN 200610080789 CN 200610080789 A CN200610080789 A CN 200610080789A CN 1896769 A CN1896769 A CN 1896769A
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Abstract
A detecting device of seabed plane wave electromagnetic field, it includes the buoyancy component, lifting component, sound control releasing component, gravity drag component, safeguard component, signal detection component, data collection component, and machinery fixing component. Each component works jointly, detecting the seabed resources well and truly is come true; and it has the advantages that automation degree is high, detecting cost is low.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of material exploration device and detection method, relate to a kind of device and using method thereof of surveying the electromagnetic signal of seabed plane wave electromagnetic field with the resource distribution of research seabed mineral particularly.
Background technology:
The mineral resources that are richly stored with below the seabed are especially with the tool economic worth of the energy in short supply such as oil, rock gas and gas hydrate.Along with the rapid minimizing of land resources, countries in the world are all strengthened the detection study to seabed resources day by day.At present, mainly use the electromagnetic wave excites field that sea-bed area is implemented to survey, just utilize the characteristics of the bigger electrical property difference of mineral resources and rock stratum existence on every side to implement electromagnetic surveying; When the stratum that comprises mineral resources is subjected to the external electromagnetic ripple and excites, will produce comprehensive electromagnetic induction, carry the geometry and the physical property infomations such as occurrence, scale, buried depth, conductance of the resource distribution that lands down in the induced signal.This type of signal is surveyed, adopted the modern digital signal processing method that the induced signal that detects is carried out processing such as inverting and imaging, go out the regularity of distribution of underground mineral resources, provide scientific basis for drawing a circle to approve the resource exploitation target area with regard to deducibility.
Above-mentioned electromagnetic wave excites field source is divided into active source and passive source.Active source is the source, artificial field, promptly excites the zone of being surveyed with artificial launching electromagnetic wave; Passive source is the natural field source that excites, and promptly electromagnetic wave energy is from ionosphere; But exciting, the electromagnetic wave field in active source and passive source all has different difficulties in force.In active source, various informative although this field source can artificially be controlled and excite, the cost costliness, and emissive source can not be infinitely near the target area, and the emissive power because of emissive source can not infinitely increase again, then can not reach stimulation effect in the target area.For example, emissive source is difficult to put to the seabed in marine environment, is difficult to the target area, seabed is excited electromagnetic wave field.And, at least in today, at the bottom of the coastal waters, set up the enough strong artificial electromagnetic field of power and still belong to a hi-tech difficult problem.In passive source, in theory, be a kind of plane electromagnetic wave from the ionospheric electromagnetic wave that excites, its electromagnetic wave energy has randomness, but among a couple of days with the severe degree of ionospheric disturbance, the big moment of energy always appears; When the big electromagnetic wave propagation of energy when surveying the target area, the induced signal of country rock and medium can be differentiated by instrument, then the extraction of subsurface information just can realize; But employed therein instrument because of the technical requirement height, to make complexity etc. former thereby can not realize.Particularly, in the electromagnetic wave field that uses the field excitation of passive source was surveyed, desired instrument mainly contained following technological difficulties:
1, the integrated technology of seabed plane wave electromagnetic field exploring block.Survey the seabed electromagnetic field, need carry out the measurement of electric field signal and field signal.Thereby instrument system at first should include electric-field sensor and magnetic field sensor, and the seal member of these sensors.In addition, measure, also need solve the problem that the sea instrument is thrown in and offshore instrument reclaims down to the seabed.For can be successfully down to the seabed after instrument system is thrown on the sea, economic and practical way be to join the extension weight in the bottom of instrument, or claims counterweight anchor system, makes instrument sink to arriving the measurement point position.And when instrument reclaims, should manage counterweight anchor system is got rid of, make a whole set of instrument become the positive buoyancy system under water, could the final purpose that realizes returning the sea.Therefore, instrument system also need have controlled machinery hook, and buoyant material etc.Above-mentioned all parts all should be integrated, both realized subsea survey, realization equipment delivery again.Such instrument system relates to multi-door subjects such as the mechanics of materials, fluid mechanics, acoustics, head and shoulders above the related discipline range of surface em field measurement, have more complicated technology content.
2, the hard seabed release tech that connects instrument of anchor system.Above-mentionedly mention, little when big during from ionospheric plane electromagnetic wave, thereby induced signal is at times strong and at other times weak.The unit interval statistics shows that the moment that microvolt level weak signal is occurred is in the majority.Measure for feeble signal, for obtaining signal resolution power preferably, surveying instrument should be positioned as close to the target area, Here it is above-mentionedly throws in surveying instrument to the seabed.And after measuring end, should make instrument return the sea, to obtain measured data.What be worth particularly pointing out is, electromagnetic field measurements is had specific (special) requirements, i.e. self can not rock during instrument work.Make the instrument in seabed upright steady, overcome pushing away that ocean current brings and drag influence, practical scheme is counterweight anchor system and surveying instrument employing hard connecting mode, and instrument is closely contacted with the seabed.But this way is unfavorable to the recovery of instrument.Because of most of seabed is the ooze substrate, in case instrument poaches, the consequence that is caused is that instrument can not successfully return from the seabed.The hard seabed that connects instrument of relevant anchor system discharges problem and does not see the research report so far.
3, the synchronous acquisition technology of many instruments in seabed.For obtaining geological effect, plane wave electromagnetic field detection in seabed need be carried out multiple spot and become line or multiple spot arrangement cloth into the net station mode.Throwing to many instruments in seabed will carry out data acquisition by identical sampling rate at synchronization.On land, many instrument synchronous acquisition problems of difference position are not so difficult, adopt the GPS simultaneous techniques just can solve.But in the seabed, because of thick seawater gps signal is shielded, land satellite can not be implemented in the seabed the clock technology.Reach synchronous purpose, need the special special technique of research and development at environments such as subsea.
4, the attitude detection problem of offshore instrument.Electromagnetic field is a vector, in different directions, and the amplitude difference that signal changes.For ease of follow-up data processing, on the axis of reference that the electricity and the magnetic signal of each measuring point need be projected to appointment, usually, Jiang Zhengbei is appointed as X-axis, and Y-axis is appointed as in due east, and the Z axle is appointed as on the vertical face of land.After measurement is finished, the measurement result of difference position is made vector projection respectively, can discern the value size of every instrument institute's observation signal on above-mentioned each axis of reference.And projected angle is relevant with bearing sense and the heeling condition of instrument when measuring, thereby the attitude under water of register instrument becomes the technological approaches of dealing with problems.
5, ultra-long period signal measurement subtract Sampling techniques.Seabed plane wave electromagnetic field frequency band broad is about 10
-6～10
3Hz.Gathering signal ultra-long period (such as 10
-2Hz is following) time, as long as satisfy Nyquist's theorem, quantity of information just meets the demands.In other words, should adopt low sampling rate to measure.Certainly, use the high sampling rate collection, extract low-frequency component thereafter, also feasible in theory, but technical unreasonable.Especially under environments such as subsea, when measurement focuses on 10
-4When Hz even lower magnitude, the seabed continuous measuring hours need reach the several months.Although advanced storage chip is arranged now, promptly so-called massage storage, concerning ultra-long period, most information that high sampling rate provides are redundant.When should also be noted that high sampling rate work, instrument can not enter dormant state, and this is totally unfavorable to the instrument from charged pool.Take into account economize on electricity and extract two aspects of effective information, could be fit to the technical requirement of seabed measurement ultra-long period.Since seabed plane wave electromagnetic field frequency band broad in the signal sampling process, when extracting high-frequency signal, use high sampling rate, and during the extraction low frequency signal, use low sampling rate, promptly the method for variable sampling rate just is expected to obtain rational measurement effect.Seabed plane wave electromagnetic field contains a plurality of components, for reaching the detection purpose, every instrument need be measured six road signals at least simultaneously, i.e. the two-way electric field of horizontal quadrature (Ex, Ey), three tunnel magnetic fields (Hx, Hy, Hz) of level and vertical pairwise orthogonal, and instrument attitude information.Consider and save the circuit hardware resource, every paths can only adopt a kind of A/D chip.To with a kind of A/D chip, with regard to present electronic technology, can't accomplish the variable sampling rate of wide region.Therefore, when the needs low sampling rate, just should have to subtract sample circuit hardware and drive software accordingly.As seen, subtracting Sampling techniques occupies than important position in the plane wave electromagnetic field measurements of seabed.
6, seabed real time data redundancy technique.Because the ocean operation environment is more abominable, instrument is thrown in to touching in the end process with the bigger vibrations of jolting, and causes instrument internal circuit generation transient fault.Experience confirms that several phenomenons appear losing in single data deposit mode easily.Because launching-out operation cost costliness if can not get complete data, just means the loss of irremediable learning value and financial resource and material resource.Thereby, for guaranteeing the complete of data, must carry out the real time data backup, promptly adopt two or more electric boards in real time measurement data to be carried out two parts or many parts of storages.At present, use embedded computer and carry out data acquisition and back up in realtime, do not have ready-made technology directly to use as yet.
Above-mentioned technical matters all is that seabed plane wave electromagnetic field is surveyed the specific question that is faced, the present invention launches research around these problems just, capture above-mentioned a series of technical barrier, and every technology organically combined obtained autonomous innovation, designed a kind of detection seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector.
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides a kind of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, it comprises buoyancy member, lifting piece, acoustic control releasing parts, gravity traction parts, safety block, signal detecting part, data acquisition parts and mechanical fixed component.Described buoyancy member by ball float, ball float protection hoop and fixedly vertical rod form, be used to provide the buoyancy of whole device; Ball float be with protection hoop and fixedly vertical rod it is assemblied in hollow glass ball on the stainless steel frame, several ball floats are evenly put.Described lifting piece is made up of bale handle, is used for when equipment is thrown in and reclaim package unit being sling; Wherein several stainless steels tilt to be about 45 ° and be the five equilibrium solid angle and distribute, be welded on the horizontal stainless steel annulus on stainless steel top, the stainless steel bottom links to each other with several stress points of stainless steel frame, on described horizontal circular ring, weld a upright stainless steel semicircular ring again, thereby constitute bale handle.Described acoustic control releasing parts is used to change the buoyancy character of described seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector; Wherein said acoustic control releasing parts is made up of acoustics release and controlled machinery hook, and the acoustics release vertically is assemblied in the middle and upper part of stainless steel frame.Described gravity traction parts are used for plane wave electromagnetic-field detector traction in seabed is sunk down into the seabed; Described gravity traction parts comprise that by counterweight anchor system and anchor chain the bucking ladder of a projection is arranged on described counterweight anchor system, the following concave frame of this bucking ladder and stainless steel frame bottom matches, thereby form the bucking ladder connected mode.Described safety block is used for providing safety practice to seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, and described safety block comprises sacrificial anode, pawl nail, watertight socket protective cover; Wherein sacrificial anode is by the zinc alloy material manufacturing; The pawl nail is installed in the edge of counterweight anchor system, makes package unit upright steady than the seabed of hard; Watertight socket protective cover forfends the frictional impact of other external units to the watertight socket.Described signal detecting part is used to detect five road field source signals of seabed plane wave electromagnetic field; Described signal detecting part comprises four electric-field sensors and three magnetic field sensors, the two-way electric field of electric-field sensor detection level quadrature, magnetic field sensor detection level and vertical three tunnel mutually orthogonal magnetic fields.Described data acquisition parts comprise direction sensor, inclination sensor, PC104 embedded computer, metering circuit and lithium battery bag, described data acquisition parts are used to gather the work state information of orientation, inclination information and the lithium battery bag of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, and this information is sent to PC104 embedded computer and metering circuit.Described mechanical fixed component is used to realize the whole integrated of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector all functions parts that it is characterized in that: stainless steel frame is supporting buoyancy member, lifting piece, acoustic control releasing parts, signal detecting part and data acquisition parts; Acoustic control releasing parts and stainless steel frame by the acoustics release fixedly vertical rod realize being connected; The data acquisition parts are realized being connected by clip with stainless steel frame; Polypropylene engineering plastics plate is installed in around the periphery of stainless steel frame, except that playing the frictional impact that slows down equipment, also it is used for fixing the electric field measurement arm; When measuring electric field signal, 4 electric-field sensors corresponding to the two-way electric field signal are divided into two pairs, point to excentral 4 different directions of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector and position and this center of stationary electric field sensor respectively and be 5 meters apart, the relative distance of every pair of electric-field sensor uses the electric field measurement arm by the ABS plastic pipe manufacturer to stretch more than 10 meters between the electric-field sensor; The length of every electric field measurement arm realizes that with stainless steel hinge joint the segmentation of gage beam connects greater than 5 meters; Be laid with watertight cable in the gage beam, electric field signal is delivered in the Acquisition Circuit in the cabin by the watertight socket of this cable on the end cap of data acquisition unit pressure bearing and seal cabin.
In one embodiment of the invention, by stainless steel frame fixed data collector pressure bearing and seal cabin and three magnetic field sensor pressure bearing and seal cabins, and the flat installation data collector pressure bearing and seal cabin of crouching, three magnetic field sensor pressure bearing and seal cabin mutually orthogonal in twos installations on horizontal and vertical position; Direction and inclination sensor, PC104 embedded computer and metering circuit are assemblied in the data acquisition unit pressure bearing and seal cabin, and data acquisition unit pressure bearing and seal cabin and external devices realize being electrically connected by watertight cable.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the connecting portion between counterweight anchor system and the stainless steel frame has 8 groups of power assistant spring, is linked to each other by an anchor chain between the controlled machinery hook of counterweight anchor system and acoustics release; When anchor chain fastens and 8 groups of springs when being compressed storage elastic force; When anchor chain unclamped, the elastic force of spring is instantaneous to work, and will install bullet from counterweight anchor system.
In another embodiment of the present invention, data acquisition unit comprises PC104 embedded computer, main amplifier, the emergent clock source of high precision, device attitude sensor spare, A/D converter, logic gate array, storage unit.
In another aspect of the present invention, all circuit devcies in the data acquisition unit and power brick are sealed in the column type pressure bearing and seal cabin of being made by nonmagnetic substance LC4 ultralumin, several underwater electrical connectors are arranged, with being electrically connected inside and outside the realization cabin on the pressurized capsule end cap; The pressure-bearing index of pressurized capsule reaches 13MPa, with at 1000m depth of water place trouble free service.
In another embodiment of the present invention, comprise the emergent clock source of high precision that degree of stability is 10-7s/s in the metering circuit; The sea disposable with GPS to clock after, this clock source provides timing for seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector during whole subsea survey.
In another aspect of the present invention, include six circuit-switched data acquisition channels in the metering circuit, a two-way electric field (Ex, Ey) of gathering horizontal quadrature to the five-way road respectively wherein, level and vertical three tunnel mutually orthogonal magnetic fields (Hx, Hy, Hz), the 6th passage is gathered the information of direction and heeling condition.
In another embodiment of the present invention, one adopts 16 kinds of sampling interval to carry out data acquisition to the five-way road, is respectively: 0.25ms, 0.5ms, 1ms, 2ms, 4ms, 8ms, 16ms, 32ms, 64ms, 128ms, 256ms, 512ms, 1024ms, 2048ms, 4096ms, 8192ms; According to predefined program, but self-timing, become the sampling period, the length of fixing time carries out data acquisition; Below 16ms, adopt cascade branch quadrat method to carry out the anti-aliasing filter sampling.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in storage unit, adopt two or more electric boards to carry out the real time data backup simultaneously; One of them electric board is the intrinsic electric board of PC104 embedded computer, and other electric boards are the USB flash disk with the existing communication of USB cause for gossip by the expansion of PC104 bus.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of using described seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector.Described method is: start seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector at first across the sea, carry out GPS to clock and acquisition parameter setting, by the ship upper boom portion a whole set of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector is thrown in into the sea.After the entry, seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector is subjected to the gravity traction of counterweight anchor system, and the seabed is arrived in free subsidence.In the seabed, according to acquisition time and the operational factor set, seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector carries out regularly automatically, the seabed plane wave electromagnetic field data collection of frequency-division section variable sampling rate.The seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector of other each point positions of work tempo and seabed of baseplane, every Taiwan Straits ripple electromagnetic-field detector is identical, and synchronization accuracy is 10
-7S/s.In gatherer process, seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector writes down six road signals simultaneously, i.e. the two-way electric field of horizontal quadrature (Ex, Ey), three tunnel magnetic fields (Hx, Hy, Hz) of level and vertical pairwise orthogonal, and self attitude information.When low sampling rate moves, adopt cascade to divide sample the anti-aliasing Sampling techniques that subtract, in the sample of high sampling rate, extract low-frequency component and preserved.In the deposit process all measurement data are backed up in realtime, store two parts of identical datas at least.After subsea survey finished, instrument was waited in the original place.When the acoustics release signal is sent to the seabed in the sea, the acoustics release of offshore instrument is subjected to the order action, opens and fastens the machinery hook of hanging counterweight anchor system, and counterweight anchor system involves with the instrument disengaging, and the power assistant spring of connecting portion ejects instrument from mud.Be subjected to the castering action of ball float, package unit floats automatically to the sea.After the collection apparatus, the data that are stored in instrument internal are carried out playback,, obtain the following rock electricity imaging in seabed, thereby the mineral resources of inferring tested zone distribute, and provide scientific basis for exploiting through digital signal processing.
Because the present invention adopts above technical scheme, compare with traditional simple seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, has significantly outstanding advantage, liberated manpower and realized automatic detection, and will further provide accurately full and accurate data for the detection of enriching mineral resources such as oil, rock gas and gas hydrate of containing below the seabed.
Description of drawings
According to the following describes of in conjunction with the accompanying drawings present embodiment, these and/or other aspect of the present invention and advantage will become clear and be more readily understood, wherein accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector mechanical construction drawing;
Fig. 2 is seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector parts annexation figure;
Fig. 3 is hard catenation principle figure for seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector anchor;
Fig. 4 is seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector electrical equipment annexation figure;
Fig. 5 is an offshore instrument attitude detection schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the accessory channel circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 7 is seabed plane wave electromagnetic field detection instrument data backup circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 8 is high precision clock and logic control circuit figure;
Fig. 9 is an instrument attitude parameter acquisition time circuit diagram;
Figure 10 changes for A/D and hardware subtracts sample circuit figure;
Figure 11 is real time data fallback circuit figure;
Figure 12 divides the sample schematic diagram for cascade;
Figure 13 is string and conversion and fifo circuit figure.
The explanatory note of mark in the accompanying drawing:
U1 programmable logic device (PLD) EPM7128; U2 crystal oscillator TCXO;
U3 realtime clock chip DS17887; JAB, JCD socket PC104 bus;
U14 programmable amplifier PGA204; U15A A/D converter CS5321;
U16 decimation filter of digital CS5322; U402 and door 4081;
U405?DC-DC?MAX603； U406 DC-DC?MAX603；
U407 operational amplifier TL072; U401 analog switch MAX308;
UU1 programmable logic device (PLD) EPM7128; JUAB, JUCD socket PC104 bus;
UU2 crystal oscillator TCXO; The trivial storage 74LS245 of UU4 bi-directional data;
UU3 USB interface core CH375; U81 programmable logic device (PLD) EPM7128;
U82, U83, the trivial storage 74LS244 of U84 FIFO IDT7208 U87 data;
U85, the trivial storage 74LS245 of U86 bi-directional data; S1 direction sensor YLS-3;
S2 inclination sensor FEC-60;
Specific implementation method:
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates seabed plane wave electromagnetic field detection instrument mechanical construction drawing according to an embodiment of the invention.Referring to Fig. 1, figure (a) represents the front view of this physical construction, and figure (b) represents the side view of this physical construction, and figure (c) represents the vertical view of this physical construction, and wherein Reference numeral is expressed as respectively: 1. counterweight anchor system; 2. polypropylene engineering plastics plate; 3. stainless steel frame; 4. clip; 5. ball float; 6. the ball float protection is bound round; 7. fixedly vertical rod of ball float; 8. acoustics release; 9. controlled machinery hook; 10. anchor chain; 11. data acquisition unit pressure-bearing cabin; 12. watertight socket protective cover; 13. stainless steel strand joint; 14. sacrificial anode; 15. power assistant spring; 16.Z component Magnetic Sensor pressure-bearing cabin; 17. fixedly vertical rod of acoustics release; 18. pawl nail; 19. bale handle; 20.Y component Magnetic Sensor pressure-bearing cabin; 21. electric field measurement arm; 22. electric-field sensor; 23.X component Magnetic Sensor pressure-bearing cabin.
Seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector is integrated by 8 class functional parts, its structure external form and annexation by Fig. 1 to shown in Figure 3, the principle of work of each parts and being characterised in that:
1) buoyancy member.By ball float, ball float protection hoop and fixedly vertical rod form, its effect provides the buoyancy of whole device.After finishing data acquisition in the seabed, rely on the synthetic buoyancy of several ball floats, package unit shifts to the sea, thus realization equipment reclaims.Ball float is a hollow glass ball, is to make its back difficult drop-off of plunging into the commercial sea, with protection bind round and fixedly vertical rod it is assemblied on the stainless steel frame, several ball floats are evenly put (seeing Fig. 1 vertical view).
2) lifting piece.Form by bale handle.The signal of contrast Fig. 1 as seen, several stainless steels that the five equilibrium solid angle distributes tilt to be about 45 °, top is welded on the horizontal stainless steel annulus, the bottom links to each other with several stress points of stainless steel frame.Weld a upright stainless steel semicircular ring on the horizontal circular ring again, thereby constitute bale handle.When equipment was thrown in and reclaim, the arm on the ship hooked semicircular ring, and package unit is sling.
3) acoustic control releasing parts.Be made up of acoustics release and controlled machinery hook, its effect is the buoyancy character that changes package unit.The acoustics release vertically is assemblied in the middle and upper part of stainless steel frame.When the machinery hook that is controlled by it was in closure state, the upper end of anchor chain was hooked, and tacks the counterweight anchor system of its lower end.Because counterweight anchor system weight is big, makes that the buoyancy of package unit is negative value.After plunging into the commercial sea, be subjected to gravity traction, but the device free subsidence is to the seabed.At the equipment recovery stage, the sonar control signal that sent to the seabed by the sea drives, and the acoustics release is opened the machinery hook by instruction action, gets rid of deallocation weight anchor system, make the buoyancy of package unit become on the occasion of, thereby the come-up of the equipment of realization.
4) gravity traction parts.Be made up of counterweight anchor system and anchor chain, its effect is that plane wave electromagnetic-field detector traction in seabed is sunk down into the seabed.Its architectural feature is that framework and counterweight anchor system are the bucking ladder connected mode.Fasten the bucking ladder (seeing Fig. 1 front view) of a projection at anchor, and the following concave frame that the framework lower shape is and bucking ladder coincide.The characteristics of this syndeton are, as long as anchor system is upright surely motionless, framework just can not produce and rotatablely move.And when device was discharged by acoustic control, in a single day anchor chain unclamped, and framework will separate smoothly with counterweight anchor system, can not produce the phenomenon that gets stuck.
5) safety block.Be made up of sacrificial anode, pawl nail, watertight socket protective cover etc., its effect is to provide safety practice to package unit.Sacrificial anode is a kind of kirsite, and its chemical property is more active, and it is installed on the stainless steel frame, can weaken the extent of corrosion of seawater to framework.The pawl nail is installed in the edge of counterweight anchor system, makes package unit upright steady than the seabed of hard, avoids the seawater towing to make device produce displacement.Watertight socket protective cover forfends the frictional impact of other external units to the watertight socket.When the seabed is softground, need use power assistant spring.Because seabed plane wave electromagnetic field measurements required time is longer, in the more sea area of marine bottom sediment, substrate is bigger to the absorption affinity of instrument.In a single day instrument is adsorbed by ooze, even the acoustics release is opened, equipment also is not easy smoothly aweigh.Wanting equipment can float smoothly, depends merely on the quantity that increases ball float, because of the restriction that is subjected to the one-piece construction size infeasible.Solution is targetedly, and 8 groups of power assistant spring (seeing Fig. 3 for details) are installed between apparatus frame and counterweight anchor system.Utilize the pulling force of anchor chain to make the length of 8 groups of springs be compressed to 110mm from 160mm before the input, decrement is 50mm.Compression makes every group of spring store the elastic force of 26kg.When the action of acoustics release, anchor chain unclamps, and 8 groups of power assistant spring produce the instantaneous elastic force of 208kg, adds the buoyancy of several ball floats, and total hundreds of kilograms upwards acting force works simultaneously, makes instrument loosening in mud, breaks away from absorption, realizes come-up.
6) signal detecting part.Form by four electric-field sensors and three magnetic field sensors and pressure bearing and seal cabin thereof.Its effect is five road field source signals that detect seabed plane wave electromagnetic field respectively, i.e. the two-way electric field of horizontal quadrature (Ex, Ey) and level and vertical three tunnel mutually orthogonal magnetic fields (Hx, Hy, Hz).Electric-field sensor has been considered seal approach in development.Magnetic field sensor itself does not have the seal and pressure bearing function, thereby need add the pressure bearing and seal cabin of nonmagnetic substance.
7) data acquisition parts.Comprise direction sensor, inclination sensor, PC104 embedded computer, metering circuit and lithium battery bag etc., form a data collector.A whole set of collector is installed in the circular pressure bearing and seal cabin, and its inner electrical equipment connection is described in detail by Fig. 4.
8) mechanical fixed component.Its effect is realize seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector all functions parts whole integrated.On stainless steel frame, supporting buoyancy member, lifting piece, acoustic control releasing parts, signal detecting part and data acquisition parts.Wherein, acoustic control releasing parts and stainless steel frame by the acoustics release fixedly vertical rod realize being connected; The data acquisition parts then are to realize being connected by clip with stainless steel frame.Polypropylene engineering plastics plate is installed in around the periphery of stainless steel frame, except that playing the frictional impact that slows down equipment, also it is used for fixing the electric field measurement arm.When measuring electric field signal, 4 electric-field sensors are divided into two to (corresponding and two-way electric field signal), and the relative distance of every pair of electric-field sensor should be more than 10 meters, to guarantee to detect at least the signal amplitude of microvolt level.For with 4 electric-field sensors excentral 4 different directions of indicator device respectively, and the fixed position is 5 meters apart with this center, and need stretch with electric field measurement arm (its material is the ABS plastic pipe).The length of every electric field measurement arm realizes that with stainless steel hinge joint the segmentation of gage beam connects greater than 5 meters.Be laid with watertight cable in the gage beam, electric field signal is delivered in the Acquisition Circuit in the cabin by the watertight socket of this cable on the end cap of data acquisition unit pressure bearing and seal cabin.
Seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector electrical equipment annexation is seen Fig. 4, and this figure has schematically described the annexation of Fig. 5 to Figure 13.Each environmental information sensor 4008 is converted to electric signal with environmental information and reaches the timesharing under the control of control signal 4019 of instrument attitude parameter acquisition time circuit 4006,4006 and select one road ambient signal output (ambient signal 4020) to signal regulating panel 4007.Each electric field, magnetic field sensor 4009 to 4013 are delivered to signal regulating panel 4007 with electric field and field signal, 4007 signals of under the driving of control signal 4018 each road being imported carry out impedance matching and various spatially selecting filtering is handled, and its simulating signal 4014 of handling the back gained delivers to the A/D conversion and hardware subtracts sample circuit 4005.4005 pairs 4014 signals carry out the A/D conversion and hardware subtracts sampling under the driving of control signal 4017, make simulating signal 4014 be converted to digital signal 4015.4015 is the multi-path serial data, it just is converted to the parallel data buffer memory to FIFO after entering string and conversion and fifo circuit 4004, FIFO when being certain state PC104 embedded computer 4001 data in buffer is read in through the PC104 bus, 4001 carry out software to these data subtracts sampling, the data that will subtract then after the sampling are deposited the electric board to DOC, through the PC104 bus these data are sent to USB real time data fallback circuit 4002 simultaneously.In addition, high precision clock and control circuit are by the information interaction of the realization of PC104 bus and 4001, thus generation control signal 4016 to 4019.
Offshore instrument attitude detection principle is seen Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 9.
Seabed plane wave electromagnetic field detection instrument utilizes accessory channel acquisition instrument attitude information, its fundamental diagram such as Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, and the TILT among Fig. 6 represents inclination sensor 5001, and ORI represents direction sensor 5002.When instrument carries out the attitude monitoring in the seabed, each attitude monitoring sensor is delivered to multidiameter option switch (MAX308) 6007 after the attitude information of non electrical quantity is converted to electric weight 6002, in the attitude information, comprise one tunnel directional information, i.e. the magnetic declination of x axial magnetic sensor and earth magnetism direct north in the instrument; Two-way inclination information, the i.e. pitch angle of x, y diaxon and surface level in the instrument.Because of instrument its attitude information (orientation and inclination angle) when the seabed changes slower, also consider and prevent that each attitude sensor from exerting an influence to tested seabed plane wave electromagnetic field signal in the course of the work, so in the process of seabed long period observation electromagnetic signal, close the measurement of attitude information, only choose the power supply of opening each attitude sensor about one minute blink, carry out the acquisition time of instrument attitude information in every day.When gathering, logic control gate array 5005 (Fig. 8 U1 the 48th～50 pin) is sent the CMD6001 control word, selected one tunnel information of control multidiameter option switch timesharing enters accessory channel, 5006 (Figure 10 U15A) become serial data stream through 24 A/D conversion, and this data stream walks abreast by string and change-over gate array 5006 (Figure 13 U81) and exports FIFO buffer 5010 (Figure 13 U82～U84) to.At FIFO5010 is that string and change-over gate array 5008 notice PC104 5007 carry out the data necessary read operation under non-NULL, the half-full or full up situation.When instrument reclaims back PC104 5007 data that accessory channel is surveyed are reached host computer, host computer goes out to survey instrument attitude parameter physical quantity by uniting the calibration value of resolving each sensor and the data inversion of surveying, to reach the purpose of detecting instrument attitude.
For realizing the synchronous acquisition of many instruments in seabed, the present invention has developed clock and logic control circuit, as Fig. 8.U1 is CPLD device 7128SLC84 among Fig. 8; U2 is high precision crystal oscillator TCXO, and its clock stability is better than 10-7s/s; U3 is real time clock RTC chip DS17887, is used to store real time clock information; JAB and JCD constitute the PC104 bus, and this bus links to each other with the PC104 embedded computer, realize the information interaction with circuit.Many the concrete synchronizing processes of instrument are as follows: (1) instrument carries out GPS across the sea to clock before throwing in.Connect the serial ports of PC104 embedded computer in GPS and the instrument, the PPS pps pulse per second signal of GPS is connected to U1.Start the interior GPS of PC104 to the clock program, the clock program is proposed the clock application to U1 by the PC104 bus, U1 begins to receive the PPS signal.When the PPS pulse per second (PPS) arrives, U1 proposes interrupt request to the PC104 feedback, request PC104 begins to receive from the GPS information of serial ports and is stored in the realtime clock chip of PC104, and then the second that makes this real time clock upgrade the pulse per second (PPS) be synchronized with PPS, the clock program is responsible for real time clock information is reached among the DS17887 after the PC104 bus is sent U1 at last.Whole seabed provides time reference by this real time clock source to metering circuit during gathering.(2) the acquisition parameter table of instrument is set, the set acquisition parameter of every instrument is all identical, promptly is located at synchronization and carries out data acquisition by same way as.(3) after many instruments are fed into the seabed, gather constantly and one arrive, the alarm clock of RTC interrupts asking capture program to enter the synchronous data collection state among the PC104.Because the clock stability of U2 is better than 10 in clock and the logic control circuit
-7S/s makes the degree of stability of benchmark sequential Clk32768 of PC104 embedded computer RTC also be better than 10
-7S/s, and many instrument synchronization points are determined by the phase differential that RTC upgrades second, this second the high stability upgraded guaranteed the realization of synchronous acquisition.
Figure 10 for ultra-long period signal measurement A/D conversion with subtract sample circuit.In the plane wave electromagnetic field detection instrument of seabed, be used to survey the two-way electric field (Ex, Ey) and (Hx, Hy have all introduced in circuit Hz) and subtract Sampling techniques in three tunnel magnetic fields.Five tunnel circuit identical as Figure 10 are arranged in every cover instrument,, get one the tunnel and narrate so appoint because five the tunnel employed to subtract Sampling techniques identical.Electrical or magnetic signal is put U14 (PGA204) through the master and is entered ∑-Δ A/D converter CS5321, and the electromagnetical analogies conversion of signals is 1 ∑ of oversampling-Δ bit stream.For reaching the sampling that subtracts on the hardware, 1 ∑-Δ bit stream palpus process FIR decimation filter of digital CS5322 carries out the sampling that subtracts on the hardware.Acquisition software on the PC104 is provided with DECC, DECB, DECA by control string and change-over gate array, and setting up procedure is: (1), acquisition software read the acquisition parameter table, determine corresponding data CMD1; (2), acquisition software writes W390 control word (acquisition monitoring mouth), and makes IOW (IOW of Figure 13 JAB) come a negative edge to read in control word with request U81 on PC104 address bus (A9-A0 of Figure 13 JAB); (3), U81 reads in the W0 reset that makes U88 after the W390 control word, the EN reset of U85, the one-way passage from PC104 data bus (D7-D0 of Figure 13 JAB) to U88 output terminal Q7-Q0 has been opened up in the DIR reset of U85 thus; (4) acquisition software writes CMD1 on PC104 data bus (D7-D0 of JAB), and the one-way passage that these data pass through to be opened up reaches U88 output terminal Q7-Q0, and wherein Q7-Q5 is DECC, DECB, DECA; (5), acquisition software makes IOW (IOW of Figure 13 JAB) come the W0 set of a rising edge with request U81 control U88, thereby disconnect the one-way passage of being opened up, make U88 latch DECC, DECB, DECA.By control DECC, DECB, DECA is that 000-111 realizes 7 kinds of hardware sampling period: 0.25ms, 0.5ms, 1ms, 2ms, 4ms, 8ms and 16ms.This has satisfied the needs of in the plane wave electromagnetic field detection of seabed high intermediate frequency electromagnetic signal composition being gathered to a certain extent, but signal to ultralow frequency, very low frequency (VLF), if use the 16ms sampling period to carry out record, certainly will bring huge redundant information, cause number to deposit the waste in space.The cascade that has been partially submerged into the filtering of FIR digital decimation at the acquisition software of this instrument divides the sample technology for this reason, reaches the purpose that software subtracts sampling, makes the longest sampling period of complete machine reach 8192ms after dividing sample by the software cascade.
Cascade divides sample schematic diagram such as Figure 12, and the maximum sample that divides of this figure is painted at interval to 256ms.Wherein 0 grade to 4 grades corresponding respectively is: 16ms sampling, 32ms sampling, 64ms sampling, 128ms sampling and 256ms sampling.Frequency overlapped-resistable filter algorithmic formulas at different levels are as follows among the figure:
Wherein x (i) is for dividing sample front signal sequence, and y (i) is the new sequence behind the branch sample, and h (n) is the unit impulse response of frequency overlapped-resistable filter.Seabed plane wave electromagnetic field detection instrument is selected the exponent number N=10 of frequency overlapped-resistable filter.Through designing and calculating, its unit impulse response h (n) is as follows:
h(0)＝h(10)＝0.00474094403641；
h(1)＝h(9)＝0.02376209043250；
h(2)＝h(8)＝0.06538806414210；
h(3)＝h(7)＝0.12489215190769；
h(4)＝h(6)＝0.17993687589557；
h(5)＝0.20255974717145。
Below the 4th grade, also have the 5th to the 9th grade and subtract sampling, every grade of sampling period increases progressively with multiple.The 9th grade sampling period is 8192ms.Every grade of wave filter unit impulse response h (n) that is adopted is all identical.Cascade divides the sample principle also identical with Figure 12.
Seabed real time data backup principle such as Fig. 7, Figure 11.
Seabed real time data fallback circuit is to embed to support the USB interface and the peripheral chip thereof of the charged hot plug of USB flash disk to combine in seabed plane wave electromagnetic surveying instrument.Because of the special working environment in seabed, determined this appliance requires to select the PC104 embedded computer of low-power consumption for use, and existing low-power consumption class type AMPRO386SX and AX10406 all do not have USB interface.If on the type of this low-power consumption, increase USB, if adopt the common way that adapter is connected to the serial ports of PC104, certainly will be subjected to the 'bottleneck' restrictions of serial ports speed, can't satisfy seabed plane wave electromagnetic surveying high sampling rate work hours according to the backup transmission rate request.Therefore research and develop new interface board, USB interface is articulated to the PC104 bus, be only the scheme of practical.But increase the power consumption brought and increase problem in order to suppress USB, take into account the consistance of entire machine design simultaneously, multiplexing CPLD in the logic control plate among the design, as shown in figure 11.In Figure 11, the device relevant with the data backup function mainly contains CS#, ACT#, the INT# pin of UU3, UU4, JUAB and UU1.In the CPLD internal logic, added decoding and control section, increased the W280-W28F interface and be used for read-write and control operation USB interface chip CH375A to CH375A and eight two-way three-state data collector 74LS245.When PC104 bus (JUAB) need be to CH375A (UU3) write data, then make WR (the IOW pin of the JUAB) reset on the bus, address wire A9-A0 (the A9-A0 pin of JUAB) is 280H-28FH, CPLD this moment (UU1) decoding is put CS (the CS# pin of UU1) and is " 0 ", control the data port (the D7-D0 pin of UU3) that eight two-way three-state data collector 74LS245 (UU4) deliver to the data on the PC104 data bus (the D7-D0 pin of JUAB) CH375A simultaneously, thereby realize the write operation to CH375A, the parallel data of being responsible for being write by UU3 is converted to serial data through pin UD-, UD+ reaches P1 and preserves.When PC104 bus (JUAB) during from CH375A (UU3) read data, make RD (the IOR pin of the JUAB) reset on the bus, address wire A9-A0 (the A9-A0 pin of JUAB) is 280H-28FH, CPLD this moment (UU1) decoding is put CS (the CS# pin of UU1) and is " 0 ", controlling eight two-way three-state data collector 74LS245 (UU4) simultaneously delivers to the data on the CH375A (the D7-D0 pin data of UU3) on the PC104 data bus (the D7-D0 pin of JUAB), realize read operation thus, and the parallel data on the UU3 (D7-D0) is with UD-by USB interface chip CH375A to CH375A, serial data on the UD+ is gone here and there and is converted.Control electrical block diagram such as Fig. 7 that USB interface chip CH375A realizes the bidirectional data transfers of USB interface and PC104 bus string and conversion with the CPLD device.
As above-mentioned, the clear seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector that has described the present invention's proposition in detail.But, although be shown specifically and described the present invention with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but this area those skilled in the art are appreciated that under the situation of the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not deviate from the claims definition, can make various modifications in form and details.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector comprises buoyancy member, lifting piece, acoustic control releasing parts, gravity traction parts, safety block, signal detecting part, data acquisition parts and mechanical fixed component; Wherein:
Described buoyancy member by ball float, ball float protection hoop and fixedly vertical rod form, be used to provide the buoyancy of whole device; Ball float be with protection hoop and fixedly vertical rod it is assemblied in hollow glass ball on the stainless steel frame, several ball floats are evenly put;
Described lifting piece is made up of bale handle, is used for when equipment is thrown in and reclaim package unit being sling; The several stainless steels that are the distribution of five equilibrium solid angle tilt to be about 45 °, be welded on the horizontal stainless steel annulus on stainless steel top, the stainless steel bottom links to each other with several stress points of stainless steel frame, on described horizontal circular ring, weld a upright stainless steel semicircular ring again, thereby constitute bale handle;
Described acoustic control releasing parts is used to change the buoyancy character of described seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector; Described acoustic control releasing parts is made up of acoustics release and controlled machinery hook, and the acoustics release vertically is assemblied in the middle and upper part of stainless steel frame;
Described gravity traction parts are used for plane wave electromagnetic-field detector traction in seabed is sunk down into the seabed; Described gravity traction parts comprise that by counterweight anchor system and anchor chain the bucking ladder of a projection is arranged on described counterweight anchor system, the following concave frame of this bucking ladder and stainless steel frame bottom matches, thereby form the bucking ladder connected mode;
Described safety block is used for providing safety practice to seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, and described safety block comprises sacrificial anode, pawl nail, watertight socket protective cover; Wherein sacrificial anode is by the zinc alloy material manufacturing; The pawl nail is installed in the edge of counterweight anchor system, makes package unit upright steady than the seabed of hard; Watertight socket protective cover forfends the frictional impact of other external units to the watertight socket;
Described signal detecting part is used to detect five road field source signals of seabed plane wave electromagnetic field; Described signal detecting part comprises four electric-field sensors and three magnetic field sensors, the two-way electric field of electric-field sensor detection level quadrature, magnetic field sensor detection level and vertical three tunnel mutually orthogonal magnetic fields;
Described data acquisition parts comprise direction sensor, inclination sensor, PC104 embedded computer, metering circuit and lithium battery bag, described data acquisition parts are used to gather the work state information of orientation, inclination information and the lithium battery bag of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, and this information is sent to PC104 embedded computer and metering circuit; And
Described mechanical fixed component is used to realize the whole integrated of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector all functions parts;
It is characterized in that: stainless steel frame is supporting buoyancy member, lifting piece, acoustic control releasing parts, signal detecting part and data acquisition parts; Acoustic control releasing parts and stainless steel frame by the acoustics release fixedly vertical rod realize being connected; The data acquisition parts are realized being connected by clip with stainless steel frame; Polypropylene engineering plastics plate is installed in around the periphery of stainless steel frame, except that playing the frictional impact that slows down equipment, also it is used for fixing the electric field measurement arm; When measuring electric field signal, 4 electric-field sensors corresponding to the two-way electric field signal are divided into two pairs, point to excentral 4 different directions of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector and position and this center of stationary electric field sensor respectively and be 5 meters apart, the relative distance of every pair of electric-field sensor uses the electric field measurement arm by the ABS plastic pipe manufacturer to stretch more than 10 meters between the electric-field sensor; The length of every electric field measurement arm realizes that with stainless steel hinge joint the segmentation of gage beam connects greater than 5 meters; Be laid with watertight cable in the gage beam, electric field signal is delivered in the Acquisition Circuit in the cabin by the watertight socket of this cable on the end cap of data acquisition unit pressure bearing and seal cabin.
2, by the described seabed of claim 1 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, wherein by stainless steel frame fixed data collector pressure bearing and seal cabin and three magnetic field sensor pressure bearing and seal cabins, and the flat installation data collector pressure bearing and seal cabin of crouching, three magnetic field sensor pressure bearing and seal cabin mutually orthogonal in twos installations on horizontal and vertical position; Direction and inclination sensor, PC104 embedded computer and metering circuit are assemblied in the data acquisition unit pressure bearing and seal cabin, and data acquisition unit pressure bearing and seal cabin and external devices realize being electrically connected by watertight cable.
3, by the described seabed of claim 1 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, wherein: the connecting portion between counterweight anchor system and the stainless steel frame has 8 groups of power assistant spring, is linked to each other by an anchor chain between the controlled machinery hook of counterweight anchor system and acoustics release; When anchor chain fastens and 8 groups of springs when being compressed storage elastic force; When anchor chain unclamped, the elastic force of spring is instantaneous to work, and will install bullet from counterweight anchor system.
4, by the described seabed of claim 1 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, wherein data acquisition unit comprises PC104 embedded computer, main amplifier, the emergent clock source of high precision, device attitude sensor spare, A/D converter, logic gate array, storage unit.
5, by the described seabed of claim 4 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, wherein all circuit devcies in the data acquisition unit and power brick are sealed in the column type pressure bearing and seal cabin of being made by nonmagnetic substance LC4 ultralumin, several underwater electrical connectors are arranged, with being electrically connected inside and outside the realization cabin on the pressurized capsule end cap; The pressure-bearing index of pressurized capsule reaches 13MPa, with at 1000m depth of water place trouble free service.
6, by the described seabed of claim 4 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, wherein comprising degree of stability in the metering circuit is 10
-7The high precision of the s/s clock source of meeting an urgent need; The sea disposable with GPS to clock after, this clock source provides timing for seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector during whole subsea survey.
7, by the described seabed of claim 4 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, wherein include six circuit-switched data acquisition channels in the metering circuit, a two-way electric field (Ex, Ey) of gathering horizontal quadrature to the five-way road respectively wherein, level and vertical three tunnel mutually orthogonal magnetic fields (Hx, Hy, Hz), the 6th passage is gathered the information of direction and heeling condition.
8, by the described seabed of claim 7 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, it is characterized in that: one adopts 16 kinds of sampling interval to carry out data acquisition to the five-way road, is respectively: 0.25ms, 0.5ms, 1ms, 2ms, 4ms, 8ms, 16ms, 32ms, 64ms, 128ms, 256ms, 512ms, 1024ms, 2048ms, 4096ms, 8192ms; According to predefined program, but self-timing, become the sampling period, the length of fixing time carries out data acquisition; Below 16ms, adopt cascade branch quadrat method to carry out the anti-aliasing filter sampling.
9, by the described seabed of claim 4 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector, it is characterized in that: in storage unit, adopt two or more electric boards to carry out the real time data backup simultaneously; One of them electric board is the intrinsic electric board of PC104 embedded computer, and other electric boards are the USB flash disk with the existing communication of USB cause for gossip by the expansion of PC104 bus.
10, the method for using the described seabed of claim 1 plane wave electromagnetic-field detector to carry out habitata comprises step:
(1) starts seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector at first across the sea, carry out GPS clock and acquisition parameter setting;
(2) by the ship upper boom portion a whole set of seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector is thrown in into the sea;
(3) after the entry, seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector is subjected to the gravity traction of counterweight anchor system, and the seabed is arrived in free subsidence;
(4) in the seabed, according to acquisition time and the operational factor set, seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector carries out regularly automatically, the seabed plane wave electromagnetic field data collection of frequency-division section variable sampling rate;
(5) the seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector of other each point positions of work tempo and seabed of baseplane, every Taiwan Straits ripple electromagnetic-field detector is identical, and synchronization accuracy is 10
-7S/s;
(6) in gatherer process, seabed plane wave electromagnetic-field detector writes down six road signals simultaneously, i.e. two-way electric field Ex, the Ey of horizontal quadrature and three tunnel magnetic field H xs, Hy, the Hz of level with vertical pairwise orthogonal, and self attitude information;
(7) when low sampling rate moves, adopt cascade to divide sample the anti-aliasing Sampling techniques that subtract, in the sample of high sampling rate, extract low-frequency component and preserved; In the deposit process all measurement data are backed up in realtime, store two parts of identical datas at least;
(8) after subsea survey finished, instrument was waited in the original place;
(9) send the acoustics release signal when the sea to the seabed, the acoustics release of offshore instrument is subjected to the order action, opens and fastens the machinery hook of hanging counterweight anchor system, and counterweight anchor system and instrument break away from and involve, and the power assistant spring of connecting portion ejects instrument from mud;
(10) be subjected to the castering action of ball float, package unit automatically come-up to the sea;
(11) after the collection apparatus, the data that are stored in instrument internal are carried out playback, through digital signal processing, obtain the following rock electricity imaging in seabed, thereby the mineral resources of inferring tested zone distribute.
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