CN1896174A - CFC-12 substituting environmental-protective cryogen - Google Patents
CFC-12 substituting environmental-protective cryogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN1896174A CN1896174A CN 200610052120 CN200610052120A CN1896174A CN 1896174 A CN1896174 A CN 1896174A CN 200610052120 CN200610052120 CN 200610052120 CN 200610052120 A CN200610052120 A CN 200610052120A CN 1896174 A CN1896174 A CN 1896174A
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Abstract
An environmental-protective cryogen for substituting CFC-12 consists of HFC-161 and1,1-HFC-152a and hydrocarbon, which is selected from one or above one of HC-600a, HC-600 and HC-290. The ODP value of cryogen is zero, GWP value is much less than CFC-12 and HFC-134a. It has excellent environmental and thermal performances, thermal-power parameter, and it saves energy. It can be used for crude HFC-134a, ester oil system, crude CFC-12 and mineral oil system or CFC-12 substitute.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the working medium of refrigeration cycle, relate in particular to the novel environment friendly refrigerating fluid of a kind of CFC alternative-12.
Background technology
In Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (CFC) class refrigeration agent because CFC-12 thermal property excellence, stable chemical performance, nontoxic, advantage such as do not fire, be widely used in fields such as automative air conditioning, home freezer and industrial freezer for a long time.
But, because CFC-12 has certain destruction to the ozonosphere in the atmosphere stratosphere, its depletion latent energy value ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) value is 0.82 (with CFC-11 as benchmark value 1.0), so Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer will comprise the CFC of CFC-12
sAs first material of eliminating.At present, developed country has stopped the production of CFC-12, and China is also cutting down its turnout and usage quantity year by year, and final production and the use that comprehensively stopped CFC-12 before 2007 except that maintenance is used of plan, and refrigeration agent will enter the environmental protection and energy saving epoch thus.
Current international community is used for alternate application and mainly contains two kinds in the refrigeration agent of the CFC-12 of refrigerator, refrigerator: (1) with the U.S., Japan be the country of representative adopt that du pont company proposes 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); (2) with European countries such as Germany be country's employing Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) of representative.But these two kinds of refrigeration agents still do not satisfy the requirement of desirable refrigeration agent at aspects such as depletion of the ozone layer potential (OPD), global warming potential (GWP), combustibility and toxicity fully.Though the OPD value of HFC-134a is 0, not flammable, but many shortcomings are arranged but aspect rerum natura, little as latent heat, heat exchange property is not good, be insoluble to mineral oil and molecular volume is little, the alternative Process complexity, substituted expenses are high, have higher Greenhouse effect (GWP of HFC-134a is 1300) in addition, also more consume energy than CFC-12 simultaneously, international community has now also begun progressively to limit the use of HFC-134a, so HFC-134a is a kind of cambic alternative refrigerant; Though and Trimethylmethane has ODP=0, characteristics that the GWP value is low, but owing to have the optical haze effect, and system is the negative pressure operation under the refrigerator operating mode, in case leak, extraneous air enters system, to cause very big infringement to system, so the refrigeration agent that Trimethylmethane neither a kind of ideal CFC alternative-12.
The approach of another kind of CFC alternative-12 is to adopt mixing medium.The mixing medium refrigeration agent mainly is divided into two kinds of ODP ≠ 0 and ODP=0 in the prior art, and wherein ODP=0 is the alternative working medium of compliance with environmental protection requirements.
At present, no matter HFC-134a, HC-600a still are the mixing medium of ODP=0, all exist and core components such as original system is incompatible, needs change compressor, can not be as the direct filling type alternate shortcoming of crude CFC-12 refrigeration system.
At protecting ozonosphere in the world and suppressing the environmental protection new demand that global warming develops simultaneously, need seek new CFC alternative-12, and environmental performance and use properties all are better than the refrigeration working medium of HFC-134a and HC-600a.And require this working medium in the system of former use CFC-12, not change mineral lubricating oils and directly use, to economize on resources, to reduce alternative cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention's purpose is to provide a kind of environment friendly refrigerating fluid with excellent environmental performance, refrigeration performance and safety performance and CFC alternative that is easy to promote-12 cheap for manufacturing cost.
Excellent environmental performance of the present invention is: ODP is zero, can not destroy atmospheric ozone layer, and Greenhouse effect is very little, meets current protection ozonosphere and suppresses the environmental requirement that global warming is laid equal stress on.Described refrigeration performance is to have thermal parameter and the thermal performance suitable with CFC-12, both can be directly used in the system of former use HFC-134a and ester class oil, also can be directly used in the system of former use CFC-12 and mineral oil, and can be used as the long-term surrogate of CFC-12.Described safety performance is that mixing medium is harmless to health of human body, nontoxicity, have no stimulation.
For realizing that the object of the invention adopts following technical scheme:
The novel environment friendly refrigerating fluid of a kind of CFC alternative-12, this refrigeration agent is by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon polymer are formed, and one or more the arbitrary proportion that described hydrocarbon polymer is selected from Trimethylmethane (HC-600a), normal butane (HC-600) and the propane (HC-290) makes up.
Be fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1 in the refrigeration agent of the present invention, the combination of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon polymer experimental results show that it has favorable environment protection energy, applicable performance and safety performance, and above-mentioned raw materials is easy to get low cost of manufacture.
Above-mentioned fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon components is: HFC-161:1%～60%; HFC-152a:30%～98%; Hydrocarbon components: 1%～30%.
Further, described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon components is:
HFC-161:5%～45%; HFC-152a:50%-94%; Hydrocarbon components: 1%-20%.
Comparatively preferably, fluoroethane in the refrigeration agent of the present invention (HFC-161), 1,1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2
(HFC-152a) and the mass percent of hydrocarbon components be: HFC-161:15%～25%; HFC-152a:70%～80%; Hydrocarbon components: 5%～10%.
Refrigeration agent of the present invention can be by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) are formed, and wherein mass percent is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～98%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a): 1%～20%.
Refrigeration agent of the present invention can be by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and normal butane (HC-600) are formed, and wherein mass percent is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～98%; Normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%.
Refrigeration agent of the present invention can be by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and propane (HC-290) are formed, and wherein mass percent is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～98%; Propane (HC-290): 1%～20%.
Refrigeration agent of the present invention can be by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a), Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) and normal butane (HC-600) are formed, and wherein mass percent is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～97%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a): 1%～20%; Normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%.
Refrigeration agent of the present invention also can be by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a), Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) or normal butane (HC-600), form with the combination of propane (HC-290), its mass percent is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～97%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) or normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%; Propane (HC-290): 1%～20%.
Refrigeration agent of the present invention can be by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a), Trimethylmethane (HC-600a), normal butane (HC-600) and propane (HC-290) are formed, and its mass percent is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～96%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a): 1%～20%; Normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%; Propane (HC-290): 1%～20%.
The present invention has merged that the HFC-152a condensing pressure is low, the HFC-161 heat transfer property is good and hydrocarbon polymer and the well behaved advantage of the molten oil of mineral oil.The thermal parameter of refrigeration agent such as evaporating pressure, condensing pressure and pressure ratio and CFC-12 and HFC-134a are close, substantially do not changing under the prerequisite of equipment major parts, thermal performance such as unit mass refrigerating duty, refrigerating effect per unit swept volume are better than HFC-134a, density is less than CFC-12 and HFC-134a, and COP (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is worth more than or equal to HFC-134a.Refrigeration agent of the present invention can be miscible with ester class oil phase, also can be miscible with mineral oil, therefore both can be directly used in the system of former use HFC-134a and ester class oil, also can be directly used in the system of former use CFC-12 and mineral oil, and can reduce filling quantity, improve Energy Efficiency Ratio, have the advantage of saving resource, save energy, refrigeration agent of the present invention can be used as the long-term surrogate of CFC-12.
Though refrigeration agent of the present invention is flammable refrigeration agent, the burning lower limit is higher than carbon-hydrogen refrigerant, so safety performance is better than carbon-hydrogen refrigerant.
Embodiment
Refrigeration agent provided by the invention, its preparation method are with fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon components are carried out physical mixed according to its corresponding mixture ratio under liquid phase state.Wherein, hydrocarbon components is for being selected from the one or more combination in Trimethylmethane (HC-600a), normal butane (HC-600) and the propane (HC-290).
Fluoroethane in the component (HFC-161), its molecular formula are CH
3CH
2F, molecular weight are 48.06, and normal boiling point is-37.1 ℃, and critical temperature is 102.2 ℃, and emergent pressure is 4.70MPa.
In the component 1, its molecular formula of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) is CH
3CHF
2, molecular weight is 66.05, and normal boiling point is-24.02 ℃, and critical temperature is 113.26 ℃, and emergent pressure is 4.52MPa.
Trimethylmethane in the component (HC-600a), its molecular formula are CH (CH
3)
2CH
3, molecular weight is 58.12, and normal boiling point is-11.6 ℃, and critical temperature is 134.7 ℃, and emergent pressure is 3.64MPa.
Normal butane in the component (HC-600), its molecular formula are CH
3CH
2CH
2CH
3, molecular weight is 58.12, and normal boiling point is-0.5 ℃, and critical temperature is 152.0 ℃, and emergent pressure is 3.80MPa.
Propane in the component (HC-290), its molecular formula are CH
3CH
2CH
3, molecular weight is 44.10, and normal boiling point is-42.1 ℃, and critical temperature is 96.7 ℃, and emergent pressure is 4.25MPa.
The following examples are used for illustrating several embodiment of the present invention, but do not limit the invention to these embodiments.One skilled in the art would recognize that the present invention contained in claims scope all alternativess, improvement project and the equivalents that may comprise.
Embodiment 1: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-600 mass percent by 1: 98: 1 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 2: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-600 mass percent by 15: 80: 5 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 3: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-600 mass percent by 25: 70: 5 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 4: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-600 mass percent by 17: 80: 3 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 5: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-600a mass percent by 15: 75: 10 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 6: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-290 mass percent by 5: 94: 1 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 7: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-600 mass percent by 60: 30: 10 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 8: HFC-161, HFC-152a and HC-600a mass percent by 20: 50: 30 under liquid phase are carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 9: with HFC-161, HFC-152a, HC-600 and HC-600a under liquid phase by 15: 80: 2: 3 mass percent is carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 10: with HFC-161, HFC-152a, HC-600 and HC-290 under liquid phase by 15: 80: 4: 1 mass percent is carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 11: with HFC-161, HFC-152a, HC-600a and HC-290 under liquid phase by 15: 80: 4: 1 mass percent is carried out physical mixed.
Embodiment 12: with HFC-161, HFC-152a, HC-600, HC-600a and HC-290 under liquid phase by 15: 80: 3: 1: 1 mass percent is carried out physical mixed.
Now the performance of the refrigeration agent of the foregoing description and the performance of CFC-12 and HFC-134a have been carried out experiment relatively, characteristics of the present invention and effect have been described.
1, nearly azeotropic
As can be seen from Table 1, the temperature glide of all embodiment is all little, and maximum is no more than 3.0 ℃, all belongs near azeotropic mixed refrigerant.
The comparison of table 1 temperature glide (unit: ℃)
| Bubble point temperature | Dew-point temperature | Temperature glide | |
| Embodiment 1 | -24.58 | -24.24 | 0.34 |
| Embodiment 2 | -29.46 | -26.88 | 2.58 |
| Embodiment 3 | -31.49 | -28.69 | 2.80 |
| Embodiment 4 | -30.10 | -27.38 | 2.72 |
| Embodiment 5 | -30.39 | -28.28 | 2.11 |
| Embodiment 6 | -28.36 | -25.37 | 2.99 |
| Embodiment 7 | -34.62 | -32.02 | 2.60 |
| Embodiment 8 | -31.05 | -28.92 | 2.13 |
| Embodiment 9 | -29.91 | -27.39 | 2.52 |
| Embodiment 10 | -30.74 | -27.25 | 3.49 |
| Embodiment 11 | -31.29 | -27.9 | 3.38 |
| Embodiment 12 | -30.88 | -27.41 | 3.47 |
(annotate: bubble point temperature in the table and dew-point temperature all are the temperature of saturation when standard atmospheric pressure 101.325kPa)
2, environmental performance
Table 2 has compared the environmental performance of the foregoing description and CFC-12 and HFC-134a.Wherein the ODP value with CFC-11 as benchmark value 1.0, the GWP value with CO2 as benchmark value 1.0 (100 years).
Table 2 environmental performance relatively
| Refrigeration agent | ODP | GWP |
| Embodiment 1 | 0 | 138 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0 | 115 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0 | 101 |
| Embodiment 4 | 0 | 114 |
| Embodiment 5 | 0 | 83 |
| Embodiment 6 | 0 | 132 |
| Embodiment 7 | 0 | 50 |
| Embodiment 8 | 0 | 78 |
| Embodiment 9 | 0 | 115 |
| Embodiment 10 | 0 | 115 |
| Embodiment 11 | 0 | 115 |
| Embodiment 12 | 0 | 115 |
| HFC-134a | 0 | 1300 |
| CFC-12 | 0.82 | 8100 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the ozonosphere of the foregoing description consumes potential (ODP) value and is zero, and this point is identical with HFC-134a, is better than CFC-12.
Moreover, the global warming potential of the foregoing description (GWP) is worth much smaller than CFC-12 and HFC-134a, and 0.62%～1.70% of CFC-12GWP value is only arranged, 3.85%～10.62% of HFC-134a GWP value.
3, thermal parameter and thermal performance
Table 3 is under the refrigerator operating mode (being vaporization temperature=-23.3 ℃, condensing temperature=54.4 ℃, suction temperature=32.2 ℃, supercooling temperature=32.2 ℃), thermal parameter and the comparison of relative thermal performance of the foregoing description and CFC-12, HFC-134a.Said relative thermal performance is meant the ratio of each embodiment thermal performance and HFC-134a thermal performance, the liquid relative density when wherein relative density refers to 25 ℃.
As seen, under the refrigerator operating mode, except that embodiment 7, the condensing pressure of all the other embodiment and pressure ratio and HFC-134a are close from table 3, and be slightly higher than CFC-12, but all be in allowed band; The pressure ratio of each embodiment all is lower than HFC-134a, but a little more than CFC-12, but also be in allowed band, show can directly charge in the system of former use HFC-134a and CFC-12.The density of the various embodiments described above this means the filling quantity that can reduce system refrigerant all less than CFC-12 and HFC-134a; The COP value is all more than or equal to HFC-134a, and therefore, these embodiment have energy-saving effect.
The comparison of table 3 thermal parameter and thermal performance
In the table: P
0: evaporating pressure; P
k: condensing pressure; t
2: exhaust temperature; COP: Energy Efficiency Ratio q
v: volume refrigerating capacity compressor
Claims (10)
1, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of a kind of CFC alternative-12, it is characterized in that this refrigeration agent is by fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon polymer are formed, and one or more the arbitrary proportion that described hydrocarbon polymer is selected from Trimethylmethane (HC-600a), normal butane (HC-600) and the propane (HC-290) makes up.
2, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 1-12 is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon components is:
HFC-161:1%～60%; HFC-152a:30%～98%; Hydrocarbon components: 1%～30%.
3, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 2-12 is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon components is:
HFC-161:5%～45%; HFC-152a:50%-94%; Hydrocarbon components: 1%-20%.
4, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 3-12 is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and hydrocarbon components is:
HFC-161:15%～25%; HFC-152a:70%～80%; Hydrocarbon components: 5%～10%.
5, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 2-12 is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～98%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a): 1%～20%.
6, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 2-12 is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and normal butane (HC-600) is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～98%; Normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%.
7, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 2-12 is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, and the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a) and propane (HC-290) is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～98%; Propane (HC-290): 1%～20%.
8, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 2-12, it is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a), Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) and normal butane (HC-600) is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～97%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a): 1%～20%; Normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%.
9, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 2-12, it is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a), Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) or normal butane (HC-600) and propane (HC-290) is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～97%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a) or normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%; Propane (HC-290): 1%～20%.
10, the environment friendly refrigerating fluid of CFC alternative according to claim 2-12, it is characterized in that described fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, the mass percent of 1-C2H4F2 C2H4F2 (HFC-152a), Trimethylmethane (HC-600a), normal butane (HC-600) and propane (HC-290) is: HFC-161:1%～30%; HFC-152a:50%～96%; Trimethylmethane (HC-600a): 1%～20%; Normal butane (HC-600): 1%～20%; Propane (HC-290): 1%～20%.
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| CN101235275B (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2013-01-02 | 中化蓝天集团有限公司 | Environmental protection type refrigerant |
| CN104610918A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-05-13 | 天津大学 | Environment-friendly refrigerant suitable for refrigeration and cold storage system |
| CN105820799A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2016-08-03 | 浙江省化工研究院有限公司 | Environment-friendly type refrigeration composition containing HFO-1234ze(E) |
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| JPH08199158A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-08-06 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Working fluid |
| US6261472B1 (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 2001-07-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like compositions containing fluoroethane |
| CN1070220C (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2001-08-29 | 徐敬东 | Azeotropic mixture refrigerant used as substitut for freon 12 |
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| CN114752358A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-15 | 华中科技大学 | Energy-saving environment-friendly working medium for heat pump boiler |
Also Published As
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| CN100457850C (en) | 2009-02-04 |
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