CN1894535A - 用于控制蒸发气体温度的装置及方法 - Google Patents

用于控制蒸发气体温度的装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1894535A
CN1894535A CNA2004800331579A CN200480033157A CN1894535A CN 1894535 A CN1894535 A CN 1894535A CN A2004800331579 A CNA2004800331579 A CN A2004800331579A CN 200480033157 A CN200480033157 A CN 200480033157A CN 1894535 A CN1894535 A CN 1894535A
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China
Prior art keywords
boil
gas
lng
heat exchanger
mist separator
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CNA2004800331579A
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C·J·鲁梅尔霍夫
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Wartsila Oil and Gas Systems AS
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Hamworthy KSE AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0247—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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Abstract

一种用于在压缩之前控制液化装置内蒸发气体温度的装置和方法，其中来自LNG贮罐的蒸发气体被压缩并且至少部分地冷凝，并且其中所述冷凝的蒸发气体(LNG)被返回到贮罐。换热器(20)连接至压缩机(10)的蒸发气体进料管路上游，并且第一导管(22)流体地连接所述管路，以将LNG返回至贮罐和换热器(20)。在所述换热器(20)的上游的某一位置，第二导管(26)将换热器(20)流体地连接至蒸发气体进料管路。在被注入所述压缩机(10)之前，蒸发气体与所述冷却器(24)进行热交换。因此，在所述换热器的下游，蒸发气体温度降低。在本发明中，一个选定的温度或温度范围－例如由压缩机特性所决定－可被用作节流阀的一个控制参数，以便控制通过冷却器并进入换热器的蒸发气体管路上游的流量。

Description

用于控制蒸发气体温度的装置及方法
本发明涉及液化天然气(LNG)装置内蒸发气体的再次液化技术领域，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种用于控制蒸发气体温度的装置及方法。
从天然气的产出地输送天然气的一种常规方法是，在产出地或产出地附近将天然气液化，并且将其贮存在特别设计的贮罐中将LNG运输至市场，通常是将贮罐放置在海轮上进行运输。
液化天然气的过程涉及将气体压缩并冷却至深冷温度(如-160℃)。LNG运载装置因此可以将大量的液化气运送到其目的地。在此目的地，通过公路或铁路的LNG运载车辆运输之前，或被再次汽化并例如通过管道运输之前，LNG被卸至特定的陆上贮罐。
在大气压力下温度高于-163℃时，LNG会稍许汽化，并且LNG通常是在此温度下装载、运输和卸货。这样需要专门的材料、绝缘物和装卸设备，以处理低温和蒸发气体。由于漏热损失，货物(LNG)的表面持续不断地汽化，从LNG(例如甲烷)中产生汽化的天然气(蒸发气体)。
用于连续液化此类蒸发气体的装置为公知技术。在LNG运载装置上对蒸发气体的液化处理导致货物运输量增加，并且允许操作者选择最佳的运载装置驱动系统。传统上，LNG运载装置由蒸汽透平驱动，并且来自LNG货物的蒸发气体已经被用作燃料。此项措施被认为是一种昂贵的解决方案。
使用蒸发气体作为燃料的一个此类可选方案是Moss RSTM Concept技术，其中蒸发气体被液化，并且产生的LNG被泵回货物储罐。如图1所示，Moss RSTM Concept技术基于一个闭合的氮膨胀循环，从蒸发气体中提取热量。图1中的流程图示出了位于货物运载装置甲板室内的全部设备。通过两个相继工作的传统的LD压缩机的作用，蒸发气体(BOG)被从货物储罐中去除。在一个低温换热器(″冷箱″)内，BOG被冷却和凝结成LNG，在被注入一个分离器贮罐前，其温度位于压缩的CH4和N2的饱和温度之间，在分离器贮罐中，不可冷凝的气体(主要是N2)被去除。从分离器排出的LNG被泵回货物储罐，而不可冷凝的部分(即气体)被输送至一个火炬或排空管。此技术也可参照挪威专利305525。
欧洲专利申请EP1132698A1公开了一种用于再次液化压缩蒸气的装置，其中引入若干装置，以处理带有冷凝天然气的蒸气返回至LNG储罐时出现的技术问题。液化天然气被贮存在一个隔热储罐中，典型地，所述隔热储罐形成远洋油轮的一部分。在压缩机内，蒸发气体被压缩，并且在一个冷凝器内至少部分地冷凝。所产生的冷凝物返回储罐。在压缩机上游的混合室内，蒸气间杂有液化天然气。这样混杂有混合室内的蒸气的液化天然气被从所述冷凝物中取走，或从贮罐中取走。
国际专利申请WO02/095285公开一种用于控制LNG运载装置油舱内的压力的装置和方法。
如上所述，LNG在大气压力下温度高于-163℃度时会稍许汽化。因此，在进入液化装置的入口处，典型地，蒸发气体温度处于-140℃至-100℃的范围内。所述装置的压缩机(例如LD压缩机)因此被设计成大约在此温度范围内工作。
然而，已经发现，蒸发气体温度存在显著的波动，并且温度值处于上述范围以外的情况并不罕见。在空舱航行期间尤其如此，此时油舱几乎空置，很容易出现高温。从各油舱引出的蒸气管路存在部分没有进行隔热处理的区域，其会引起蒸发气体的温度显著升高。蒸气管路被设计成使水汽流量明显大于蒸发气体流量，因此在蒸气管路中蒸发气体的停留时间较长，因此，传递至气体的热量相应地较多。
例如，据记载，压缩器入口的温度高达40℃。这样的高温是不利的，因为压缩机被设计成在更低的温度下工作。因此，令人满意方案是在蒸发气体进入压缩机之前更大程度地控制其温度，迄今为止这是可能的，并且也被认为是必要的。
本发明满足上述需求，提供了一种用于在压缩之前控制液化装置内蒸发气体温度的方法，其中来自LNG贮罐的蒸发气体被压缩，并且至少部分地冷凝，其中所述冷凝的蒸发气体(LNG)被返回至贮罐，所述方法的特征在于，蒸发气体与所述LNG之间进行热交换，其中蒸发气体温度降低，并且所述LNG被完全地蒸发；以及可控地混合所述完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体。
在一个实施例中，在所述换热器上游，完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体进行混合。
在另一个实施例中，在所述压缩过程中，完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体进行混合。
在另一个实施例中，在所述压缩过程后，完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体进行混合。
因此，本发明还提供了一种用于在压缩之前控制液化装置内蒸发气体温度的装置，其中来自LNG贮罐的蒸发气体通过进料管路被馈送进入至少一个压缩机，并且此处压缩气体被注入一个换热器，以至少部分地冷凝，并且此处所述冷凝的蒸发气体(LNG)通过回流管返回贮罐，所述装置的特征在于，一个湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置被连接至蒸发气体进料管路，其位于LNG贮罐和压缩机之间；第一导管流体地连接所述管路，以将LNG返回至贮罐和湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置；第二导管将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置流体地连接至蒸发气体进料管路；所述第一和第二导管通过一个位于所述湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置内部的冷却器流体地连接；以及其中蒸发气体在被注入所述压缩机之前，和所述冷却器进行热交换。
在一个实施例中，第二导管将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置流体地连接至所述湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置的上游的蒸发气体进料管路。
在另一个实施例中，在所述压缩机的第一压缩阶段后，第二导管将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置流体地连接至蒸发气体进料管路。
在另一个实施例中，第二导管将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置流体地连接至所述压缩机的下游的蒸发气体进料管路。
从属权利要求中描述了本发明的方法和装置的优选实施例。
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的实施例，附图中相同的部件采用相同的附图标记。
图1示出了一种如上所述的属于现有技术的LNG再次液化系统。
图2是引入了根据本发明的装置的一个实施例的液化装置的主工艺流程图。
图3是根据本发明的湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置的总草图。
图4是引入了根据本发明的装置的一个可选的实施例的液化装置的总工艺流程图。
图5是引入了根据本发明的装置的另一个可选的实施例的液化装置的总工艺流程图。
在图2中示出了引入根据本发明的装置的液化装置。汽化的LNG(即蒸发气体)来自贮罐(未示出)，并且流入所述装置。按照常规方式，蒸发气体在LD压缩机10内被压缩。类似于现有技术中的系统，蒸发气体随后被位于低温换热器(″冷箱″)30内的冷却剂(例如氮气)冷却。冷却剂由冷箱右侧的回路控制，本领域的技术人员可以容易地认识到，所述回路包括具有中间冷却器的多级压缩机40以及膨胀器50。
冷箱30产生LNG，但是蒸发气体可能没有被完全液化：气体中的一部分(占主要部分的氮和少量的甲烷)仍然与从冷箱中流出的LNG混在一起。因此，氮分离器80和相关的控制部件70照例被包括在所述回路中。
取决于应用场合，任意所需的和合乎需求的处理步骤的顺序可以进行变化，LNG被返回贮罐。图2的左下方示出了这一点。
本发明包括湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置20，其连接至蒸发气体进料管路，位于LNG储罐和压缩机10之间。如图2所示，导管22流体地连接至所述管路，以将LNG返回至贮罐和换热器20。在换热器20的上游的某一位置，第二导管26将换热器20流体地连接至蒸发气体进料管路。
现在参照图3，其示出了换热器20的关键部分。一般地，其包括一个保持冷却器24的分离室29；在此实施例中，冷却器24为管式冷却器。来自氮分离器的LNG/冷凝的蒸发气体通过导管22被注入冷却器。来自贮罐的蒸发气体通过入口管27被注入室29。蒸发气体，其如上所述可以保持一个高达40℃的温度，随后与流过冷却器24的LNG进行热交换以进行冷却。冷却的蒸发气体通过出口管91从所述室中排出。图中示出了一个网筛28，其预防液滴无意中进入压缩机。
流入冷却器24的LNG的温度可以是例如-159℃。在与蒸发气体进行热交换期间，LNG将在冷却器24内被完全汽化。
如图3所示，从冷却器24流出的汽化的天然气将被注入蒸发气流内-其流量由阀25控制，并且被送入如上所述的室29。任何在首次起动和干坞后起动过程中可能出现的残留液体将通过排放口92从室29中排出。
在首次起动及干坞后起动期间，特别地需要组合单元的湿气分离器部分，以在阀25出现故障时保护压缩机10。为了将进入冷箱和压缩机的蒸发气体温度保持在预定的范围内(如上所指出的范围)，测量换热器20的下游以及压缩机10的下游的温度(如图2中附图标记61所示)，并且，位于导管22内的控制阀(节流阀)25因此通过控制单元60进行调节。从而控制通过导管22并进入湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置的流量。
图4示出了根据本发明的装置的一个可选的实施例。将来自导管26的完全汽化的LNG与湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置的上游(如图2所示)的蒸发气体管路进行混合的一个可选的方案是，将导管26’连接至压缩机10的第一压缩阶段的排出端。这样可以节约一定的电量。
图5示出了根据本发明的装置的另一个可选的实施例。将来自导管26的完全汽化的LNG与湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置的上游(如图2所示)的蒸发气体管路进行混合的一个可选的方案是，将导管26”连接至压缩机10的排出端。此可选方案需要LNG返回泵100，其示出在氮分离器80的下游。
通过所述新颖的方法，在所述换热器内维持有LNG和蒸发气体的连续流，而LNG的温度基本上保持恒定。基于将所述换热器的蒸发气体下游的温度与一预定的温度或温度范围进行比较，控制混合率。
如上所述，在一个实施例中，控制单元60连接至控制阀25、湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置20下游和所述压缩机10的上游的蒸发气体进料管路。控制单元61连接至控制阀25、冷箱30上游和所述压缩机10下游的蒸发气体进料管路。因此，基于所检测到的所述湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置20下游和所述压缩机10下游的进料管路中蒸发气体的温度，进入湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置20内的LNG流速可以得到控制。
本发明的装置并不需要对液化装置进行任何较大的变动。BOG压缩机、相关的齿轮等部件也可与现有技术中的装置具有同样的大小。虽然冷却器24被描述为管式冷却器，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解，也可使用任意合适的冷却器。
在本发明中，一个选定的温度或温度范围-例如由压缩机特性所决定-可被用作节流阀的一个控制参数，以便控制通过冷却器并进入换热器上游的蒸发气体管路的流量。

Claims (13)

1、一种用于在压缩之前控制液化装置内蒸发气体温度的方法，其中来自LNG贮罐的蒸发气体被压缩，并且至少部分地冷凝，其中所述冷凝的蒸发气体(LNG)被返回至贮罐，所述方法的特征在于：
蒸发气体与所述LNG之间进行热交换，其中蒸发气体温度被降低，并且所述LNG被完全地蒸发；以及可控地混合所述完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在所述换热器上游将所述完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体进行混合。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在所述压缩期间将所述完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体进行混合。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在经过所述压缩后将所述完全汽化的LNG与所述蒸发气体进行混合。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：在所述换热中维持LNG和蒸发气体的持续流动，而LNG温度基本上保持不变。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：基于将所述换热器下游的蒸发气体的温度与一个预定的温度或温度范围进行比较，控制(25，60)混合率。
7、一种用于在压缩之前控制液化装置内蒸发气体温度的装置，其中来自LNG贮罐的蒸发气体通过进料管路被馈送进入至少一个压缩机(10)，并且此处压缩气体被进一步注入一个换热器(30)，以至少部分地冷凝，并且此处所述冷凝的蒸发气体(LNG)通过回流管返回贮罐，所述装置的特征在于：
-一个湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)被连接至蒸发气体进料管路，其位于LNG贮罐和压缩机(10)之间；
-第一导管(22)流体地连接至所述管路，以将LNG返回至贮罐和湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)；
-第二导管(26；26′；26″)将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)流体地连接至蒸发气体进料管路；
-所述第一(22)和第二(26；26’；26″)导管通过一个冷却器(24)流体地连接至所述湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)内，以及
-在蒸发气体被注入所述压缩机(10)以前，蒸发气体与所述冷却器(24)进行热交换。
8、如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：所述第二导管(26)将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)流体地连接至所述湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)上游的蒸发气体进料管路。
9、如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：在所述压缩机(10)的第一压缩阶段后，所述第二导管(26′)将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)流体地连接至蒸发气体进料管路。
10、如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：所述第二导管(26″)将湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)流体地连接至所述压缩机(10)下游的蒸发气体进料管路。
11、权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：位于所述第一导管(22)内的控制阀(25)用于控制进入湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)的LNG流量。
12、如权利要求7和11所述的装置，其特征在于：一个控制单元(60)连接至控制阀(25)和湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)下游及所述压缩机(10)上游的蒸发气体进料管路，一个控制单元(61)连接至控制阀(25)和冷箱(30)上游和所述压缩机(10)下游的蒸发气体进料管路，从而基于检测所述湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)的下游和所述压缩机(10)的下游的进料管路中蒸发气体的温度，使进入湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)的LNG流量处于可控状态。
13、如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：湿气分离器和换热器的组合装置(20)进一步包括一个蒸发气体入口(27)，一个腔室(29)和所述冷却器(24)上游的一个排放口(92)，以及一个位于所述换热器(24)和一个出口(91)之间的网筛(28)，从而通过与冷却器(24)进行热交换而将蒸发气体冷却。
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