CN1894452A - 用于形成模压部件加强件的基于玻璃纤维纱的织造织物 - Google Patents

用于形成模压部件加强件的基于玻璃纤维纱的织造织物 Download PDF

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CN1894452A
CN1894452A CNA2004800375505A CN200480037550A CN1894452A CN 1894452 A CN1894452 A CN 1894452A CN A2004800375505 A CNA2004800375505 A CN A2004800375505A CN 200480037550 A CN200480037550 A CN 200480037550A CN 1894452 A CN1894452 A CN 1894452A
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warp
layer
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woven fabric
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M·塞里伦
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Chomarat Composites SAS
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    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
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Abstract

本发明织造织物(1)基于高韧性纱、特别是玻璃纤维纱，用于由树脂转移模压(RTM)工艺模压的加强部件，该织造织物在纬线方向上包括不与经线(2)垂直的线(3)。所述织造织物的特征在于，比例Tc·Dc/Tt·Dt为0.2－0.8，其中，Tc为经线(2)支数(线性密度)，Tt为纬线(3)支数(线性密度)，Dc为每单位长度经线(2)数，Dt为每单位长度纬线(3)数。

Description

用于形成模压部件加强件的 基于玻璃纤维纱的织造织物
                        技术领域
本发明涉及织物领域。本发明特别涉及用来形成由模压、特别是树脂转移模压(RTM)工艺生成的模压品中的加强部件的织物。
本发明特别涉及多轴向加强部件即具有沿至少三个方向取向的纱线的加强部件的生产。
                        背景技术
一般来说，使用RTM得到的部件的机械强度决定于整个织物加强部件的结构。这就是最好使用所谓“多轴向”加强部件即有至少三个强度方向的加强部件的原因。事实上，这类加强部件的刚度比单向甚至由织造垂直经线和纬线生成的双向加强部件高。
当今，提出了若干类型的多轴向加强部件。特别是，本申请人的EP0,193,479公开的织造织物包括非垂直经线和纬线。经线和纬线的非垂直斜角由织机出口上的错位卷绕而成。要进行这些操作，一般要求经线比纬线细，以便织物在卷绕前可变形。然后叠置两层这样的织物、把纬线设置成相对经线的共同方向对称才可能组合所述加强方向。然后把该组件与包括更大支数的经线的织物连接以获得3向加强部件。这些不同层可缝制或粘合在一起。
但是，这类加强部件存在一些缺点。事实上，为生成3向加强部件，必须组装三个不同的层，因此制作较费时，从而成本高。所得加强部件较厚，从而其后的模压操作特别由于树脂扩散问题而较难进行。此外，如此获得的加强部件由多层构成，每层的机械强度分织物在给定轴线上。换句话说，刚性的方向在该加强部件的厚度上是不均匀的。
此外，使用公知技术生成的其它类型的加强部件称为“斜交帘织物层”。这些织物由叠置相同支数的两层纱获得，所述两层纱线由多向卷纬机设置。然后不缠绕、只是叠置的层由使用称为Malimo的工艺的缝制操作互相连接在一起。这些所谓的斜交帘织物层加强部件的有用之处在于，只用单一的缝制操作就可把其中方向不同的线连接在一起。但是，这不同层的叠置使得刚性的方向在加强部件的厚度中是不均匀的。此外，特别是，把不同的层缝制在一起大大降低了加强部件的可变形性，从而该加强部件无法用于生产几何形状复杂的部件或更一般地包括大斜度裂纹的部件。
此外，US 4,055,697公开了一种基于织物的加强部件，其纬线方向不与经线垂直。这种用于沿预定方向提高机械特性的加强部件的可变形性不令人满意。
本发明的目的之一是提供其生产步骤可减少的一种RTM模压加强部件。本发明的另一个目的是提供其多轴向刚性分织物在加强部件内部的一种加强部件。本发明的另一个目的是使得无需增加层数就能获得单位表面重量重的加强部件成为可能。本发明的另一个目的是提供随后模压时既硬挺又变形性良好的加强部件。
                        发明内容
因此本发明涉及一种基于玻璃纤维纱或更一般地基于高韧性纱如芳族聚酰胺纱或碳纱、用于由树脂转移模压(RTM)工艺模压的加强部件的织造织物。该织造织物在纬线方向上包括不与经线垂直的线。
按照本发明，该织物的特征在于，比例Tc·Dc/Tt·Dt为0.2-0.8，其中
Tc为经线支数，
Tt为纬线支数，
Dc为每单位长度经线数，
Dt为每单位长度纬线数。
换句话说，本发明在于：为了形成加强部件，使用的织造织物中的经线的支数比公知技术高。我们发现，这样可实施不仅包括纬线还包括支数高的经线的织物。
换句话说，本发明织物在经线方向上包括占所述织物层的表面密度的15-45％的线。这表明比经线和纬线不垂直的织造织物如专利EP 193,479所述织物中看到的高的比例。尽管公知技术的想法也不错，但我们发现可在织机出口上变形这种织物，来获得经线与纬线之间的非垂直斜角。
用某些织物组织、特别是使用斜纹、特别是2/2斜纹或3/1斜纹系列时可提高该变形性。
这样可连接至少两层上述织物把它们叠置来生成加强部件。这两层织物连接成：使这两层织物的经线平行，相对于经线方向纬线具有从一层向另一层的对称斜角。这样获得的加强部件至少在三个方向上刚性很高。重要的是要看到，相叠两层的经线分别在经线方向上贡献机械强度。换句话说，两层之一在经线方向上贡献整个强度。换句话说，经线方向上的机械强度分织物在加强部件的厚度上。
同样，与斜交帘织物层结构比较，在三个方向上的线可出现在加强部件的外表面上，从而在模压时可容纳树脂。
实际中，可根据要生产的加强部件的种类连接数量不同的层。因此，可连接相叠两层，其中，纬线与经线所成斜角约为60°。此时，上述比例Tc·Dc/Tt·Dt大致为0.3-0.8。最好约为0.5。换句话说，在加强部件的每一基本层中，经线占该基本层整个表面密度的25-45％、最好是占该表面密度的1/3。当连接两层基本层形成整个加强部件时，每一层在经线方向贡献强度的一半。在每个60°方向上的经线和纬线的表面密度因此大致相同。
也可连接三层基本层形成4方向加强部件。此时，两外层上的纬线相对经线倾斜。夹在这两外层之间的织造织物层中的经线与纬线垂直。此时，每一外层的上述比例Tc·Dc/Tt·Dt为0.2-0.8，约为0.33。就基本层的总表面密度来说，这相当于经线占15-45％、最好是约25％。因此，如外层中的纬线方向为45°，则生成一对称4方向加强部件。如此连接的三层最好贡献加强部件总刚性的约1/3。
实际中，可用不同方法、特别是缝制或粘合把各层连接成这些加强部件。在优选粘合例中，理想的情况是所使用的材料的化学性质与模压时使用的材料相同。事实上，在这种情况下，加强部件的变形性最佳，因为在模压时粘合剂软化，使得不同层可相对位移。
                        附图说明
从以下结合附图对实施例的说明中可清楚看出本发明的实施方式及其优点，附图中：
图1为本发明生成的一基本层的俯视图；
图2为由图1所示两层基本层形成的加强部件的俯视图；以及
图3示出一包括三层的加强部件，其外层为图1所示基本层。
                   对优选实施例的说明
图1所示织物为一由基于玻璃纤维纱的经线(2)和纬线(3)织造而成的织物(1)。实际中，经线(2)使用的纱(或粗纱)的支数为300-2400特。可数出每厘米0.5-2线。在纬线方向上，所使用的纱(或粗纱)(3)的支数较大，一般为600-4800特。沿纬纱方向可数出每厘米约0.4-2.5线。实际中，所述每厘米线数指变形前的线数，变形后各层上的观察值根据斜角用三角等式算出。
在图1所示例子中，经线与纬线之间的夹角为60°，但该夹角可不同，根据为了形成加强部件而连接的层数来选择。
因此，在图2所示例子中，加强部件(10)包括相同的两层。这两层(11，12)连接成一体：使得其经线(13，14)的方向完全相同(与作为基准方向的经线的方向成0°)。这样，顶层(11)的纬线(15)(与基准方向成-60°)与底层(12)的纬线(16)(与基准方向成+60°)相对经线(13，14)方向对称。如此生成的组件在互相相差60°的三个方向上呈对称3轴向结构。
图3示出由不同三层(21，22，23)构成的一加强部件的另一实施例。外层(21，23)由互成45°角的经线和纬线织造而成。这两层(21，23)的方向设置成使得顶层(21)的纬线(24)(与基准方向成-45°)与底层(23)的纬线(25)(与基准方向成+45°)相对共同经线(26)方向对称。这两层(21，23)由中间层(22)隔开，该中间层(22)由普通织造形成、即经线(27)与纬线(28)垂直(与基准方向成0°和90°)形成。
在一特殊实施例中，顶层(21)的经线(26)的支数为1200特，并且数目为每厘米2.55线。因此顶层的经线(26)的表面密度约为305g/m2。纬线(24)的支数为4800特，密度为每厘米1.90线，从而表面密度约为916g/m2。因此经线(26)约占顶层(21)表面密度的1/4。底层(23)的组成与顶层(21)相同，只是以相反的45°角对称取向。
中间层(22)中的经线(27)的支数为1200特、密度为每厘米2.50线，因此表面密度为约300g/cm2。纬线(28)的支数为4800特、密度为每厘米1.90线，因此表面密度为约912g/cm2。
不同层(21，22，23)之间用一般基于环氧树脂粉末或聚脂粉末、每层数量为5g/cm2的粘合剂层连接。加强部件外表面上也可容纳与层(30，31)相同的树脂，从而可与其它加强部件热粘合或压粘合在一起。
整个加强部件(20)的表面密度为约3600g/m2。对于相对经线方向成0°、+45°、+90°和-45°角取向的线来说，表面密度约为910g/cm2。注意，与经线方向平行的线分织物在加强部件的三层上。
从以上说明显然可看出本发明的优点是，尽管所需层数比现有解决方案少，但有若干优选刚性方向。其变形性也高，特别是在高温下预成形时：事实上，各层之间的粘合树脂在加热(到约120℃温度)时软化，因此加强部件的各层可相对滑动，每一层可单独变形，使得整个加强部件容易变形。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于高韧性纱、特别是玻璃纤维纱、用于由树脂转移模压(RTM)工艺模压的加强部件的织造织物(1)，该织造织物在纬线(3)方向上包括不与经线(2)垂直的线(3)，其特征在于，比例Tc·Dc/Tt·Dt为0.2-0.8，其中
Tc为经线(2)支数，
Tt为纬线(3)支数，
Dc为每单位长度经线(2)数，
Dt为每单位长度纬线(3)数。
2.按权利要求1所述的织造织物，其特征在于，纬线(3)相对经线(2)成30-80°角。
3.按权利要求1所述的织造织物，其特征在于，该织物组织为斜纹、特别是2/2斜纹。
4.一种由叠置的上述任一权利要求所述的至少两层织造织物(11，12)而成的加强部件(10)，其中一层(11)中的经线(11，12)与另一层(12)中的经线(13，14)平行，一层到另一层的纬线(15，16)具有关于经线(13，14)方向对称的斜角。
5.按权利要求4所述的加强部件(10)，其特征在于，它包括叠置的两层，每一层的比例Tc·Dc/Tt·Dt为0.3-0.8、最好约为0.5。
6.按权利要求5所述的加强部件(10)，其特征在于，纬线(15，16)相对经线(13，14)的斜角为约60°。
7.按权利要求4所述的加强部件(10)，其特征在于，它包括上下叠置的三层(21，22，23)，即具有相对经线(26)倾斜的纬纱(24，25)两层(21，23)和基于玻璃纤维纱的并由经线(27)与纬线(28)垂直的织造的织物层(22)，这两层(21，23)的每一层的比例Tc·Dc/Tt·Dt为0.2-0.8、最好约为0.33。
8.按权利要求7所述的加强部件，其特征在于，倾斜层(21，23)的纬线(24，25)的斜角为约45°。
9.按权利要求4所述的加强部件，其特征在于，各层粘合在一起。
10.按权利要求9所述的加强部件，其特征在于，粘合使用的材料的 化学性质与模压工艺中使用的材料相同。
CNA2004800375505A 2003-12-18 2004-12-06 用于形成模压部件加强件的基于玻璃纤维纱的织造织物 Pending CN1894452A (zh)

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CN102785372A (zh) * 2012-09-04 2012-11-21 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 一种纤维增强塑料板式弹簧的制造方法
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CN105992791A (zh) * 2013-11-27 2016-10-05 株式会社丰田自动织机 纤维强化复合材料
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CN102785372A (zh) * 2012-09-04 2012-11-21 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 一种纤维增强塑料板式弹簧的制造方法
CN102785372B (zh) * 2012-09-04 2015-04-22 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 一种纤维增强塑料板式弹簧的制造方法
CN105073665A (zh) * 2013-04-09 2015-11-18 贝卡尔特公司 耐热织带
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CN105946327A (zh) * 2016-04-27 2016-09-21 航天材料及工艺研究所 一种双面斜纹立体结构玻璃纤维织物及制备复合材料的方法

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