Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the limitation of prior art, the present invention designs a kind of performance test apparatus based on heat exchanger fin unit.The present invention is avoid the unit heat exchange of each layer of heat interchanger inhomogeneous, adopts the individual layer fin as research object; For avoiding cold side to measure the error of introducing, adopt Electric heating directly to measure flowing and heat transfer characteristic of surface.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention is made up of oil line pipe system, constant temperature oil bath, test section, attemperater and data test/acquisition system.Wherein the oil line pipe system comprises gear oil pump, the first pipeline variable valve, the second pipeline variable valve, mass flowmeter and plate type heat exchanger.Test section comprises test fin, fin frame, the first red copper substrate, the second red copper substrate, the first film heating plate, the second film heating plate, the first adiabatic frame, the second adiabatic frame, first heat-insulating shield, second heat-insulating shield, first sealing gasket, second sealing gasket, anchor clamps, oil inlet pipe, flowline, thermopair, import platinum resistance, outlet platinum resistance, first pressure guiding pipe, second pressure guiding pipe, inlet pressure sensor, outlet pressure sensor and digital power meter.Data test/acquisition system comprises a data collecting instrument and computing machine.
Oil line pipe system connection gear oil pump, the gear oil pump other end connects two variable valve, the first pipeline variable valve feeds constant temperature oil bath, the second pipeline variable valve other end quality of connection flowmeter, the mass flowmeter other end connects the oil inlet pipe of test section, the flowline of test section connects the oil-in of plate type heat exchanger, and the plate type heat exchanger oil-out is connected in the constant temperature oil bath, finishes an oil circulation system.
Test section places attemperater, and wherein, test fin and fin frame constitute fin component; The first red copper substrate, the first film heating plate, the first adiabatic frame, first heat-insulating shield and first sealing gasket of fin component top constitutes the last assembly of test section; The second red copper substrate, the second film heating plate, the second adiabatic frame, second heat-insulating shield and second sealing gasket of fin component below constitutes the following assembly of test section.Adopt anchor clamps that assembly on fin component, the test section and following assembly are installed clamping.
In the described fin component, the test fin is installed in the fin frame, and fin frame two ends have " V " type hole and are communicated with the fin side.
In the last assembly of described test section, first sealing gasket is arranged on the fin component top, and first sealing gasket top is provided with the first red copper substrate identical with fin frame physical dimension, and the first red copper upper surface of base plate is drilled with 15 apertures, and thermopair is installed respectively; The first red copper substrate upside covers to be pasted and the measure-alike the first film heating plate of test fin, and the first film heating plate also has the aperture of same position, and thermopair passes in aperture; Be nested in the first film heating plate outside with the first adiabatic frame of fin frame same size, have the lead-out groove of heating plate power lead and thermocouple lead on the first adiabatic frame; The heating plate power lead connects digital power meter; It above the first adiabatic frame first heat-insulating shield with red copper substrate same size.
In the assembly, second sealing gasket is arranged on the fin component below under the described test section, and second sealing gasket below is provided with the second red copper substrate identical with fin frame physical dimension, and the second red copper base lower surface is drilled with 15 apertures, and thermopair is installed respectively; The second red copper substrate downside covers to be pasted and the second measure-alike film heating plate of test fin, and the second film heating plate also has the aperture of same position, and thermopair passes in aperture; Be nested in the second film heating plate outside with the second adiabatic frame of fin frame same size, have the lead-out groove of heating plate power lead and thermocouple lead on the second adiabatic frame; The heating plate power lead connects digital power meter; It below the second adiabatic frame second heat-insulating shield with the second red copper substrate same size.
The second adiabatic frame and the second heat-insulating shield two ends of following assembly all have two through hole, and the second red copper substrate two ends are drilled with two threaded holes, and oil inlet pipe is connected with the second red copper substrate by two threaded holes with flowline.Import platinum resistance, outlet platinum resistance are connected with flowline with oil inlet pipe respectively.Adopt first pressure guiding pipe, second pressure guiding pipe to be connected inlet pressure sensor, outlet pressure sensor respectively on oil inlet pipe and the flowline.
Described data test/acquisition system adopts the Keithley data collecting instrument, and the main frame model is 2700, and the model of capture card is 7708.Thermopair directly is connected with the capture card of Keithley data collecting instrument by lead-in wire with platinum resistance in the test section, and miscellaneous equipment is connected with capture card by shielding line.The Keithley data collecting instrument is connected with computing machine by RS232 port data line, and computing machine is as the output terminal of each signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the measuring accuracy height, adopting attemperater is that the test section insulation is to reduce the thermal equilibrium error; It is convenient and swift to utilize Electric heating to measure oily side heat; Test block is the fin unit of certain size, does not need soldering to be processed into heat interchanger, so have the low characteristics of processing cost; Test block is the individual layer fin, avoids the inhomogeneous and measuring error that causes of heat interchanger internal flows.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete enforcement of the present invention is described.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the present invention is made up of oil line pipe system 1, constant temperature oil bath 2, test section 7, attemperater 8 and data test/acquisition system 23.Wherein oil line pipe system 1 comprises gear oil pump 3, the first pipeline variable valve, 4, the second pipeline variable valve 5, mass flowmeter 6 and plate type heat exchanger 10; Wherein test section 7 comprises test fin 24, fin frame 25, the first red copper substrate 26, the second red copper substrate 27, the first film heating plate 28, the second film heating plate 29, the first adiabatic frame 30, the second adiabatic frame 31, first heat-insulating shield 32, second heat-insulating shield 33, first sealing gasket 34, second sealing gasket 35, anchor clamps 36, oil inlet pipe 19, flowline 20, thermopair 12, import platinum resistance 17, outlet platinum resistance 18, first pressure guiding pipe 13, second pressure guiding pipe 14, inlet pressure sensor 15, outlet pressure sensor 16 and digital power meter 11.Wherein data test/acquisition system 23 comprises a Keithley data collecting instrument 21 and computing machine 22.
Because tested object of the present invention is the individual layer fin, belongs to the low discharge scope, oil line pipe system 1 adopts 1/2 inch stainless-steel tube to connect each element.Constant temperature oil bath 2 is by the heating of two-stage heating tube, and wherein high-power heating tube adopts automatic control mode, and the miniwatt heating tube adopts manually its power of control.Oil line pipe system 1 begins to connect from constant temperature oil bath 2, connection gear oil pump 3, gear oil pump 3 other ends connect two variable valve 4,5, the first pipeline variable valve 4 directly feeds constant temperature oil bath 2 as by-pass valve by bypass, the second pipeline variable valve 5 quality of connection flowmeter 6 on main line, mass flowmeter 6 other ends connect the oil inlet pipe 19 of test section 7, the flowline 20 of test section connects the import of plate type heat exchanger 10, plate type heat exchanger 10 outlets are connected in the constant temperature oil bath 2, the effect of plate type heat exchanger 10 is to avoid loop oil temperature too high, finishes an oil circulation system like this.
Test section 7 places attemperater 8, and attemperater 8 skins are the circulation water layers 9 that are connected with steady temperature, and test section 7 places the air layer of attemperater 8, reduces the temperature difference of test section 7 and external environment, to reduce its heat radiation to the external world.
As shown in Figure 2, test fin 24 and fin frame 25 constitute fin component; The first red copper substrate 26 of fin component top, the first film heating plate 28, the first adiabatic frame 30, first heat-insulating shield 32 and first sealing gasket 34 constitute the last assembly of test section; The second red copper substrate 27 of fin component below, the second film heating plate, 29, the second adiabatic frame 31, second heat-insulating shield 33 and second sealing gasket 35 constitute the following assembly of test section.Adopt anchor clamps 36 that assembly on fin component, the test section and following assembly are installed clamping.
The annexation of the fin component of test section is that test fin 24 is installed in the fin frame 25, and fin frame 25 two ends have " V " type hole and are communicated with test fin 24 sides.
The annexation of the last assembly of test section is: first sealing gasket 34 is arranged on the fin component top, first sealing gasket, 34 tops are provided with the first red copper substrate 26 identical with fin frame physical dimension, the 26 process finishing of red copper substrate are to guarantee its flatness and the depth of parallelism, the first red copper substrate, 26 upper surfaces are drilled with 15 apertures, with heat-conducting glue 15 thermopairs 12 are installed respectively, thermopair 12 is inlayed, is compacted in the aperture, to reduce its thermal contact resistance; The first red copper substrate, 26 upsides cover to be pasted the first film heating plate 28 measure-alike with test fin 24, adopt heat-conducting silicone grease to guarantee fitting tightly of the first film heating plate 28 and the first red copper substrate 26, the first film heating plate 28 also has the aperture with the first red copper substrate, 26 same positions, and thermopair 12 passes in aperture; Be nested in the first film heating plate 28 outsides with the first adiabatic frame 30 of fin frame 25 same sizes, have the lead-out groove of the first film heating plate 28 power leads and thermopair 12 lead-in wires on the first adiabatic frame 30; The first adiabatic frame, 30 tops are first heat-insulating shields 32 with the first red copper substrate, 26 same sizes.
The annexation of assembly is under the test section: second sealing gasket 35 is arranged on the fin component below, second sealing gasket, 35 belows are provided with the second red copper substrate 27 identical with fin frame 25 physical dimension, the second red copper substrate, 27 lower surfaces are drilled with 15 apertures, and thermopair 12 is installed respectively; The second red copper substrate, 27 downsides cover to be pasted the aperture that same position is also arranged with the measure-alike second film heating plate, 29, the second film heating plates 29 of test fin 24, and thermopair 12 passes in aperture; Be nested in the second film heating plate, 29 outsides with the second adiabatic frame 31 of fin frame 25 same sizes, have the lead-out groove of the second film heating plate, 29 power leads and thermopair 12 lead-in wires on the second adiabatic frame 31; The second adiabatic frame, 31 belows are second heat-insulating shields 33 with the second red copper substrate, 27 same sizes.
The first film heating plate 28 and the second film heating plate 29 heating-up temperature of same pressure regulator control wall that is connected in parallel, and connect the heating power that digital power meter 11 is measured two heating plates.
The second adiabatic frame 31 and second heat-insulating shield, 33 two ends of following assembly all have two through hole, and the second red copper substrate, 27 two ends are drilled with two threaded holes, and oil inlet pipe 19 is connected with the second red copper substrate 27 by two threaded holes with flowline 20.Two platinum resistance 17,18 are connected with flowline 20 with oil inlet pipe 19 respectively by screw thread.Be connected inlet pressure sensor 15 and outlet pressure sensor 16 by first pressure guiding pipe 13 respectively with second pressure guiding pipe 14 on oil inlet pipe 19 and the flowline 20.Assembly and following assembly are all fixing respectively by bolt on the test section.Anchor clamps 36 are with fin component, and upper and lower assembly three parts are installed and clamped.
The Keithley data collecting instrument 21 of data test/acquisition system 23, the main frame model is 2700, the capture card model is 7708.Thermopair 12 directly is connected with the capture card of Keithley data collecting instrument 21 by lead-in wire with platinum resistance 17,18 in the test section 7, and miscellaneous equipment is connected with capture card by shielding line.Keithley data collecting instrument 21 is connected with computing machine 22 by RS232 port data line.As signal output part, each signal can pass through the acquisition interface immediately monitoring by computing machine 22.
The present invention tests the fin drag characteristic, and the experiment work medium is a CD 15W/40 machine oil, and according to the common working range of internal combustion engine plate fin oil cooler, the oil flow rate of individual layer fin changes to 1000kg/h from 100kg/h.Under certain import oil temperature, when the heating wall temperature constant, the test specimen pressure drop under the test different flow.Try to achieve the friction factor of fin.Measure the relation that different fin Reynolds numbers and oily side pressure are fallen by a series of; Obtain the test correlation of Reynolds number, geometric parameter and friction factor.
The present invention tests the fin heat transfer characteristic, and oil flow rate is changed to 1000kg/h from 100kg/h, and it is constant to keep the machine oil inlet temperature, heats under the constant situation of wall temperature, measures oil flow rate, out temperature, wall surface temperature and heating plate heating power.Can obtain testing the coefficient of heat transfer and the heat transfer factor of fin.By a series of relations that measure the Reynolds number and the coefficient of heat transfer, obtain the relation of Reynolds number, fin geometric parameter and heat transfer factor, thereby match obtains testing correlation.
The course of work of apparatus of the present invention: to attemperater 8 water fillings, and make water cycle, control water tank water side temperature to 80 ℃.Open the temperature control of constant temperature oil bath 2, temperature is controlled to be 90 ℃.Open the second pipeline variable valve 5 to maximum, open the first pipeline variable valve 4, open gear oil pump 3,, close the first pipeline variable valve 4 gradually and regulate flow to test flow by the instrumental observation flow of mass flowmeter 6 to maximum.Monitor inlet temperature and heating wall temperature in real time according to the data acquisition interface, the power of regulating the first film heating plate 28 and the second film heating plate 29 by pressure regulator is to adjust the temperature of heating wall, and the miniwatt heating tube power of regulating constant temperature oil bath 2 is to adjust test section 7 imports oil temperature.Treat machine oil flow, out temperature, inlet and outlet pressure, image data when each signal of wall surface temperature is all stablized, and read digital power meter 11 read-record heating powers.When test finishes, close the heating power supply of the first film heating plate 28 and the second film heating plate 29, close the heating tube power supply of constant temperature oil bath 2 and attemperater 8, close gear oil pump 3, with the second pipeline variable valve, 5 standard-sized sheets, and the first pipeline variable valve, 4 complete shut-downs, opening gear oil pump 3 reverses, machine oil in the oil duct pipe system 1 is drawn back entirely to constant temperature oil bath 2, and the standard-sized sheet first pipeline variable valve 4 is with the water emptying in the attemperater 8.
The duty of test section 7 is in the process of the test: after opening gear oil pump 3, test fin 24 sides that machine oil enters test section 7 from oil inlet pipe 19 flow out from flowline 20.Be installed in the import platinum resistance 17 of oil inlet pipe 19 positions and measure the oil temperature and the pressure of test section import by the inlet pressure sensor 15 that first pressure guiding pipe 13 is drawn respectively; Be installed in the outlet platinum resistance 18 of flowline 20 positions and measure oil temperature and the pressure that test section exports respectively by the outlet pressure sensor 16 that second pressure guiding pipe 14 is drawn.
The first red copper substrate 26 and the second red copper substrate 27 play the effect of even heating in the fin component both sides, by adjusting the heating power of the first film heating plate 28 and the second film heating plate 29, control the wall surface temperature of the first red copper substrate 26 and the second red copper substrate 27; Wall surface temperature is recorded by the thermopair 12 in the first red copper substrate 26 and the second red copper substrate, 27 outsides; The first adiabatic frame 30 and the second adiabatic frame 31 play the fixedly effect of the first film heating plate 28 and the second film heating plate, 29 positions; Outermost first heat-insulating shield 32 and second heat-insulating shield 33 play the effect that stops the first film heating plate 28 and the second film heating plate 29 to dispel the heat laterally.