CN1877659A - Pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water - Google Patents
Pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water Download PDFInfo
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- CN1877659A CN1877659A CNA2006100213126A CN200610021312A CN1877659A CN 1877659 A CN1877659 A CN 1877659A CN A2006100213126 A CNA2006100213126 A CN A2006100213126A CN 200610021312 A CN200610021312 A CN 200610021312A CN 1877659 A CN1877659 A CN 1877659A
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Abstract
The analog device for diving and fully penetrating well pumping comprises: a storage tank, an analog tank with a water supply cavity, a water-contained analog cavity with cross section as sector, and a pumping well; arranging permeable mesh plate between cavities, cavity and well; an overflow backwater cavity in upper constant head tank/lower pumping overflow tank connected with storage tank, an overflow slot connected with both the storage tank pump and water supply cavity, at least three groups of pressure-measuring glass tubes arranged on wall of analog cavity vertically, and a pressure-measuring soft pipe with one end crossed analog cavity to insert the water-contained layer. This invention has well application in hydrology.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is relevant with the pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water of research ground water movement rule.
Background technology:
When the research ground water movement, often adopt mathematical method, its prerequisite is that water-bearing zone or aqueous system have been made a series of generalization and restrictive condition is found the solution down, if these generalization and restrictive condition still can reflect the principal character in actual water-bearing zone, to separate be available to mathematical analysis so.
But to actual water-bearing zone, if its heterogeneity, anisotropy and complicated boundary geometry do not allow to do too much generalization, so, mathematical method just is difficult to use, and mathematical method is more abstract, and the beginner is beyonded one's depth.So the employing analogy method is studied the ground water movement rule under the complex conditions.Wherein physical simulation is the normal method that adopts.In the last few years, because production unit is busy with finishing the production task of self, be difficult to receive the teachers and students of universities and colleges scientific research and on-the-spot teaching practice, and the field condition bailing test is costly, therefore be necessary to strengthen breadboard scientific research and practical teaching, to remedy the deficiency of field condition test, practice.The particularly experiment of some analog simulation Wenshui geology entities and seepage action of ground water aspect.
Bailing test is one of important action in hydrogeological field, can determine hydrogeological parameter, calculates the water-bearing zone aquifer yield.The aquifer yield in above parameter and water-bearing zone is that underground water is carried out resource evaluation, and groundwater environment capacity and pollution prediction are estimated teaching mode and set up the capsule information that are absolutely necessary.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is for a kind of simulation and the research underground latent water physical model to complete penetration of well steady seepage when drawing water is provided, can determine hydrogeological parameter and calculate the water-bearing zone aquifer yield, the clear pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water that represents seepage action of ground water state, water-bearing zone and pumped well structure that nature can't observe.
Pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water of the present invention, comprise the reserve tank of being with water pump, base plate keeps the simulation box of level, the water supply chamber that contains water supply hole is arranged in the simulation box, the simulation chamber that the water-bearing zone is arranged, the pumped well that contains suction eye, the shape of cross section in simulation chamber is fan-shaped, simulation chamber and water supply chamber, between simulation chamber and the pumped well permeable mesh plate is arranged, the head spill box of deciding that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in the simulation box upstream extremity is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by pipeline is arranged, deciding has the inlet opening that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber respectively by pipeline in the overflow groove of head spill box, apopore, be positioned at the overflow of drawing water that overflow groove is arranged of simulation case downstream end, be positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove in the flow measurement case spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by the overflow flow tube that draws water is arranged, drawing water has the inlet opening that is communicated with suction eye in the pumped well by pipeline in the overflow groove of spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are that vertical is contained on the wall of simulation chamber, and an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes in the wall insertion water-bearing zone, simulation chamber respectively.
Above-mentioned simulation chamber shape of cross section is that central angle is the fan-shaped of 18 ° or 20 °, makes the simulation box length and width rational in infrastructure, can show phreatic seepage flow state, and is convenient to observe, and as required, central angle can suitably amplify or dwindle.
Above-mentioned piezometric tube is seven groups, spaced set is on the wall of simulation chamber, every group of piezometric tube is three, and top, middle part, bottom that the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom inserts the same section in water-bearing zone respectively can show the form of water table when drawing water.
Above-mentioned place, simulation box upstream and downstream has respectively can regulate the water-level regulator of deciding the head spill box, drawing water the spill box height, thus the hydraulic gradient of scalable infiltration current.
The threaded nut, the bearing that are contained in the simulation box upper and lower end are arranged in the above-mentioned water-level regulator, the threaded journal stirrup that is connected with spill box, adjusting screw(rod) one end pass successively on nut, the journal stirrup screw thread and with stretch into bearing.
Above-mentioned water-bearing zone thickness is at least 70cm, can satisfy the requirement of trying to achieve hydrogeological parameter in the experiment.
Above-mentioned have a flowmeter that is communicated with the overflow of drawing water, flow tube.
Above-mentioned pumped well sidewall is equipped with scale, is convenient to observe the water level in the pumped well.
Adopt permeable mesh plate to isolate between above-mentioned water supply chamber, simulation chamber, pumped well, permeable not saturating sand.
Above-mentioned simulation box adopts transparent material to make, and is convenient to observe aquifer structure, phreatic seepage flow state.
Apparatus of the present invention can be standard quartz sand (also can adopt the sample in open-air water-bearing zone as required) simulation homogeneous, the isotropic aquifer of 0.5～1mm with particle diameter.
Deciding the head spill box is positioned at outside the upstream of simulation box, scalable is decided the water overflow height, to satisfy different head requirement in the experiment, wherein overflow groove links to each other with the water supply chamber by pipeline and forms the unified hydrodynamic(al) field of force, and overflow groove links to each other with water pump in the reserve tank by pipeline again.Unnecessary experimental water returns reserve tank by run-down pipe, by this water system, can obtain the stationary flow of different heads, to satisfy demand in the experiment.
Pumped well is positioned at simulation downstream, chamber, and the underground water in the simulation water-bearing zone of flowing through can enter in the pumped well equably, and there is scale the pumped well side simultaneously, can survey at any time and read water level.
The spill box that draws water is positioned at the outside, downstream in simulation chamber, wherein overflow groove is communicated with moving of the unified waterpower of formation by pipeline with pumped well, the underground water of extracting out by with overflow back overflow, the flow tube that water cavity is communicated with and get back in the reserve tank, also can introduce container measures its flow or connects low water head high precision flow mensuration flow, but the spill box height up and down that draws water is to satisfy water level and the flow of stablizing pumped well in the experiment.
Be surface level and different angle dip plane with the water table of water-level regulator in can regulation-control model among the present invention.
The head value that shows each corresponding pressure measurement section in the well stream test block among the present invention with piezometric tube, piezometric tube also is equivalent to the water-level observation hole of pumped well along the seepage direction laying simultaneously.
Be that the underground water of natural underground water in motion of diving complete penetration of well or model all meets Qiu Buyi well stream theory to the motion of diving complete penetration of well, can find the solution correlation parameter with Qiu Buyi well stream formula.
Qiu Buyi well stream theory is followed in pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water strictness of the present invention:
(1) adopting particle diameter is standard quartz sand (also can adopt the sample in open-air water-bearing zone as required) simulation homogeneous, the isotropic aquifer of 0.5～1mm.The water proof floor level.
(2) be surface level and dip plane with the water level control water table of deciding head water-level regulator and pumped well water-level regulator.
(3) in process of the test, there are not the supply and the drainage of the water yield on the way, each water-carrying section flow is constant, but controls the water supply chamber for deciding the head contour of recharge by the water-level regulator of overflow on the circumference of the radius of influence.
(4) She Ji water-bearing zone thickness is at least 70cm, can carry out at least 3 drawdowns tests, falls dark 5cm at every turn, like this with regard near the hydraulic gradient may command well less than 1/4, be approximate two-dimensional flow near the well.
Apparatus of the present invention are followed the principle of analog simulation;
(1) geometric similarity
Length element all in apparatus of the present invention and the nature seepage flow zone is proportional.If with α
lExpression length ratio coefficient then has
L wherein
N, B
N, M
NLength, width and the thickness in expression nature seepage flow zone, L
M, B
M, M
MLength, width and the thickness of expression percolation model, H
NBe natural seepage flow head, H
MHead for percolation model.
Satisfy the apparatus of the present invention on the formula, will keep geometric similarity with nature seepage flow zone.
(2) dynamic similarity
It is identical with the character of the suffered power of respective liquid particle in the nature seepage flow to be apparatus of the present invention, and keeps certain proportion.
Because the exhausted major part of natural seepage flow is a laminar flow, phreatic flowing is that viscous force is playing a major role, and inertial force is more much smaller than viscous force, can ignore.Therefore, as long as make the seepage flow in the model also keep laminar flow.
(3) boundary condition unanimity
When nature diving fully penetrating well water pumping, current flow in the well from 360 ° of directions, as build one 360 ° simulation well in the laboratory, then floor area is big, the cost height, visual bad, and test is difficult to regulation and control, for the ease of observation and experiment feasibility, 1/18 or 1/20 of 360 ° of wells have been cut, promptly a fan-shaped stick of 20 ° or 18 ° is as simulated object, underground water laws of motion therein is consistent with laws of motion in 360 ° of wells, but also the structure of being convenient to observe water-bearing zone and pumped well, underground water circulation approach and motion key element, and can regulate and control the experiment current easily, phreatic seepage flow state when forming the diving fully penetrating well water pumping.Measured flow multiply by 18 or 20 flows that can represent 360 ° of wells.
(4) characteristics of motion is similar
Be that apparatus of the present invention are similar with the trace of respective liquid particle in the nature seepage flow, and fluid particle flow through respective traces section required time should be proportional.Pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water, simulated drilling well flowing in the well all around to water-bearing zone base plate (water-resisting layer) current from well, steady flow theory according to Qiu Buyi, when carrying out in the complete penetration of well at diving after the long period draws water, dynamic water level in the well and aquifer yield all can reach steady state (SS), around pumped well, also can form well-regulated stable cone of depression simultaneously, the R of funnel is called the radius of influence, underwater depreciation S in the well cries drawdown, and the water yield Q that draws water from well claims water yield of well.
Therefore be that natural underground water all meets Qiu Buyi well stream theory to the motion or the underground water in the model of diving complete penetration of well to the characteristics of motion of diving complete penetration of well, can find the solution correlation parameter with Qiu Buyi well stream formula.
Diving can be described with Qiu Buyi well stream formula to the rule of complete penetration of well stable motion:
In the formula: Q-phreatic well pump-out (cm
3/ s)
K-infiltration coefficient (cm/s)
H-table water aquifer thickness (cm)
S-WIH drop-out value (cm)
R-radius of influence (cm)
R-well radius (cm)
Dived under water in the field exactly fully penetrating well water pumping test of pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water of the present invention, dwindle the physical model of making by a certain percentage, model can reproduce the process of diving fully penetrating well water pumping, simulated the state of diving to the complete penetration of well motion, require element to observe to each motion in the model then, the result that will observe amplifies by a certain percentage again, corresponding motion key element in the time of just can obtaining with nature diving fully penetrating well water pumping.Apparatus of the present invention can be measured relevant hydrogeological parameter and calculate water-bearing zone aquifer yield, the clear seepage flow state that nature can't observe, the structure of water-bearing zone and pumped well of representing.For research underground water provides a kind of effective means to the motion of diving complete penetration of well,
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the A of Fig. 1 is to view.
Fig. 3 is that the B of Fig. 1 is to view.
Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 4, water pump 2 is housed in the reserve tank 1.Simulation box 3 is loaded on the support that is positioned at the reserve tank top and base plate remains level.The simulation box wall is made with organic glass.Two permeable mesh plates 4 are separated into water supply chamber 5, the pumped well 6 that is positioned at upstream and downstream with simulation box, are positioned at the simulation chamber 7 of 6 of water supply chamber 5 and pumped wells.The shape of cross section in simulation chamber 7 is illustrated in figure 3 as the fan-shaped of central angle alpha=20 °, and the water-bearing zone 8 of thickness 70cm is wherein arranged.Piezometric tube 9 equidistant vertically being loaded on the wall of simulation chamber of seven groups of band scales 33 can be measured the water level of 7 water-bearing zone sections.Every group of three isometrical piezometric tube, the water level value of each section top, water-bearing zone, middle part, bottom can be measured in top, middle part and the bottom of inserting the same section in water-bearing zone thereby the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes 10 that are communicated with piezometric tube bottom in every group passes simulation chamber wall respectively.Head spill box water-level regulator 11 is decided in the adjusting that is arranged in place, simulation box upstream and downstream, the spill box water-level regulator 12 that draws water has nut 13, the bearing 14 that is contained in the simulation box upper and lower end respectively, with the threaded journal stirrup 15 of deciding head spill box 26 or the spill box 27 that draws water is connected, the lower end of adjusting screw(rod) 16 screw thread is successively passed nut, journal stirrup and is stretched in the bearing and can rotate, and handwheel 17 is equipped with in the upper end of adjusting screw(rod).Rotation makes journal stirrup rotate up and down along adjusting screw(rod) thereby wheel drive adjusting screw(rod) is started in rotating, and regulates the height of water-level regulator.Inlet opening 21, the apopore 22 that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber by drinking-water pipe 19, feed pipe 20 respectively arranged at overflow groove 18 bottoms of deciding in the head spill box 26.Spout hole 24 is arranged at outer water cavity 23 bottoms that overflow back of overflow groove, and the other end of deciding water run-down pipe 25 that is communicated with spout hole 24 stretches in the reserve tank.Scale is housed on the pumped well sidewall and suction eye 34 is arranged bottom it.The overflow groove inlet opening 35 of drawing water in the spill box 27 is communicated with suction eye in the pumped well by pipeline, and spout hole 29 is arranged at water cavity 28 bottoms that overflow back of overflow groove, and the other end of the overflow flow tube 30 that is communicated with spout hole 29 stretches in the reserve tank.Insert the low water head high precision flow 32 with measurement of discharge from the other end flow tube 31 of overflow flow tube 30.The supply and drain water system of closed cycle is by reserve tank, water pump, liftablely decides the confession of head, the spill box that draws water is formed.Can make the simulation water-bearing zone obtain the stable experimental water of different heads by this system.Experimental water is back to reserve tank through water return pipeline, and experimental water can be recycled, and does not need external water supply, discharge pipe line, make apparatus structure tightly rapid, take up an area of few, conveniently moving, and can save the civil engineering costs of building high-order water tower and water supply, water discharge line and save a large amount of experimental waters.The cost and the operating cost of device are reduced greatly.3 meters of this systematic water level lifts, flow are 1L/s.
Underground water was a kind of physical model of model object to the hydrogeological entity of the complete stable motion of diving when the present embodiment device drew water with the field, be equivalent to simulation 360 ° of wells 1/18, i.e. one fan-shaped block of 20 °.Underground water is laws of motion therein, with laws of motion in 360 ° of wells is consistent, also be convenient to observe structure, underground water circulation approach and the motion key element of water-bearing zone and pumped well and can regulate and control the experiment current easily, phreatic seepage flow state when forming the diving fully penetrating well water pumping.Measured flow q multiply by the 18 flow Q that can represent 360 ° of wells promptly:
Q＝18＝×q
In the formula: Q---complete 360 ° of well yield (cm dive under water
3/ s)
Q---complete 20 ° of well yield (cm dive under water
3/ s)
Diving fully penetrating well water pumping simulation is by each motion key element in the model is observed, and its result amplifies by a certain percentage, to obtain and the corresponding motion key element of nature diving complete penetration of well.The present invention has followed the principle of analog simulation.That is the principle of geometric similarity, kinematic similitude, dynamic similarity, boundary similarity.
When adopting the present embodiment device to make bailing test:
1, energized is opened water valve, regulates the height that the head spill box is decided in the upstream, and the water level that makes the water supply chamber is a little less than the water-bearing zone end face, and the water level that remains the water supply chamber in the process of the test is constant.
2, reduce the spill box that draws water, make to form less drawdown S in the well, about 5cm for the first time.(note in the piezometric tube bubble or level of dead water being arranged) after treating piezometric tube water level and stability of flow, observe;
(1) the low reason of relative superiority or inferiority on each piezometric level on each section SEA LEVEL VARIATION and the same vertical section in the water flow process.
(2) difference of corresponding each piezometric level on the different section of comparative analysis upstream and downstream, the downstream is greater than the reason of upstream.
(3) examine the underground water bleeding surface of the above borehole wall in well water position, as water-head is arranged inside and outside the borehole wall, Here it is is caused by the well hydraulic jump.
3, determining instrument parameter and piezometric level and flow.
(1) measures the pumped well radius r
W, each section is to pumped well centre distance L
1～L
7, and record.
(2) read each piezometric level and record.
(3) keep pumped well spill box position, supply tank chamber not move, go out to measure flow, record data at the pumped well spill box.
(4) measure flow: keep water supply chamber water level constant, reduce pumped well water level twice, about each 5cm, repeat the operation of (2) and (3).
(5) measure actual velocity of groundwater: inject red tracer agent in the water supply chamber, observe the time that arrives the 7th～the 1st section respectively, and record.
4, according to measured discharge Q and pumped well water-bearing zone thickness h w and the 7th section water-bearing zone thickness F
7, adopt Qiu Buyi well stream formula to find the solution infiltration coefficient, and record.
Qiu Buyi well stream formula is;
In the formula: Q---diving complete penetration of well aquifer yield (cm
3/ s)
K---seepage flow coefficient (cm/s)
H---table water aquifer thickness (cm)
S---WIH potential drop dark (cm)
The radius of influence of R---cone of depression (cm)
r
w---well radius (cm)
5, according to h
7, h
1Sectional observation hole mean water, with the water-bearing zone thickness of head Equation for Calculating the 6th～the 2nd section, and record.
The head equation is:
In the formula: h
1---the head value of arbitrary cross-section
h
7---section water-bearing zone, upstream head value
h
1---downstream end section water-bearing zone head value (cm)
r
7---sectional observation hole, upstream is to pumped well centre distance (cm)
r
1---sectional observation hole, downstream is to pumped well centre distance (cm)
Because of moisture base plate is a level, water-bearing zone thickness reading is identical with water-bearing zone head value in the formula.Can ask the phreatic seepage flow state in the pump process of observing by the present embodiment device, checking Qiu Buyi well stream formula.Find the solution the correlation parameter in water-bearing zone by measured data.
The foregoing description is that foregoing of the present invention is further described, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to the foregoing description.All technology that realizes based on foregoing all belong to scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water, it is characterized in that comprising the reserve tank of being with water pump, base plate keeps the simulation box of level, the water supply chamber that contains water supply hole is arranged in the simulation box, the simulation chamber that the water-bearing zone is arranged, the pumped well that contains suction eye, the shape of cross section in simulation chamber is fan-shaped, simulation chamber and water supply chamber, between simulation chamber and the pumped well permeable mesh plate is arranged, the head spill box of deciding that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in the simulation box upstream extremity is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove the spout hole that communicates with reserve tank by run-down pipe is arranged, deciding has the inlet opening that communicates with reserve tank water pump and water supply chamber respectively by pipeline in the overflow groove of head spill box, apopore, the spill box that draws water that overflow groove is arranged that is arranged in simulation case downstream is positioned at the outer water cavity that overflows back of overflow groove to be had by the overflow of drawing water, the spout hole that flow tube communicates with reserve tank, drawing water has the inlet opening that is communicated with suction eye in the pumped well by pipeline in the overflow groove of spill box, at least three group piezometric tube vertically are contained on the wall of simulation chamber, and an end of the pressure measurement flexible pipe that is communicated with the piezometric tube bottom passes in the wall insertion water-bearing zone, simulation chamber respectively.
2, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that simulating the chamber shape of cross section and is central angle and be the fan-shaped of 18 ° or 20 °.
3, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that piezometric tube is seven groups, spaced set is on the wall of simulation chamber, every group of piezometric tube is three, top, middle part, bottom that the other end of three pressure measurement flexible pipes that are communicated with every group of piezometric tube bottom inserts the same section in water-bearing zone respectively.
4, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that simulation box upstream and downstream places has respectively can regulate the water-level regulator of deciding the head spill box, drawing water the spill box height.
5, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that having in the water-level regulator the threaded nut, the bearing that are contained in the simulation box upper and lower end, the threaded journal stirrup that is connected with spill box, adjusting screw(rod) one end pass the screw thread on nut, the journal stirrup successively and stretch in the bearing and can rotate.
6, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that water-bearing zone thickness is at least 70cm.
7, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the flowmeter that is communicated with the overflow of drawing water, flow tube is arranged.
8, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the pumped well sidewall is equipped with scale.
9, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2 adopts permeable mesh plate to isolate between the chamber that it is characterized in that supplying water, simulation chamber, pumped well.
10, pumping simulator for completely penetrating well under water as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that simulation box adopts transparent material to make.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN101345000B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-06-02 | 成都理工大学 | Diving well stream demonstration instrument |
| CN101533579B (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Automatically controlled fully penetrating well water pumping simulator |
| CN102608289A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-07-25 | 淮南联合大学 | Test simulation device for confined aquifer |
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