CN1872533A - Composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment, preparation method and usage - Google Patents
Composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment, preparation method and usage Download PDFInfo
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- CN1872533A CN1872533A CNA2005100748140A CN200510074814A CN1872533A CN 1872533 A CN1872533 A CN 1872533A CN A2005100748140 A CNA2005100748140 A CN A2005100748140A CN 200510074814 A CN200510074814 A CN 200510074814A CN 1872533 A CN1872533 A CN 1872533A
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Abstract
A bionic composite film for collecting fog drops or dispersing dense fog is composed of a substrate, a hydrophobic polymer film on said substrate, and several lines of small circular humps made of glass microbead or hydrophilic polymer containing inorganic oxide particles. Its preparing process includes such steps as coating the solution of hydrophobic polymer on the substrate, and applying the glass microbeads or the concentrated solution of hydrophilic polymer onto the film of hydrophobic polymer by a rolling screen.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment, and its production and use.
Background technology
Thick fog is a kind of meteorological disaster, and it is not only made troubles to people trip, sometimes even can cause life and property loss, therefore, is carrying out the research of low-cost arrtificial fog dissipation abroad always.On the other hand, along with the swift and violent increase of global warming and population, the problem of lack of water becomes more and more outstanding.For example in China, because the diversity of geographical and weather makes a lot of areas of China all grow by being in exsiccosis, this has greatly restricted the development of local economic development, particularly west area.Recently, new technical system---" fog engineering " just quietly risen in some countries and regions, the world.The method of " catching the mist water intaking " can reduce and eliminate the harm that thick fog brings on the one hand, can collect the small water droplet in the humid air on the other hand and obtain spendable fresh water, thereby become the important channel that many countries and regions, particularly Gan Han mountain area, desert area and island, seagoing vessel etc. solve the fresh water famines.
The method of existing " catching the mist water intaking " is to adopt the metal of rapid heat dissipation, as aluminium, makes the cylinder of any surface finish, is erected in the foggy air, just at the very fast water that is condensed into of the mist of its surface attachment, constantly down trickling generates fresh water continuously.On desert area and general land, evening high humidity; And in island and ocean (on the naval vessel), the humidity in daytime and evening is all very big.In this class area, all can suit measures to local conditions to utilize this principle from mist, to fetch water.
In the Qiong Gong fruit village that is located in to the north of the Chile Santiago of Atacama Desert, daytime temperature is very high, and rainwater rareness, annual precipitation only have 400 millimeters, and production and domestic water are very nervous.But be a foggy district, and humidity is very big herein.People adopt BP (UK Patent Application No.0109814.4) disclosed method, installed huge fog conversion equipment on the hillside---the huge net of plastic optical fibre that mesh is superfine, can catch the mist liter more than 10,000 of fetching water every night, thereby solve local lack of water resident's water difficulty.
And in the foggy mountain area in China Mount Lushan, people adopt the water droplet by the pine needle surface aggregation such as the straightforward procedure collection of placing wooden barrel under pine tree.
United States Patent (USP) 4,536, a kind of hygroscopicity coating that is made by the mixture of colloid acrylic resin and cataloid is disclosed in 420, this coating surface has the hydrophobic groove of cracking, and the hydrophilic region area is less than hydrophobic region, and fog drips and can form water at hydrophilic region earlier and sprawl layer, will form water droplet once more after the accumulation, and pool big drop, and in hydrophobic groove, flow, collect and obtain spendable fresh water.
But above-mentioned these method water collection efficiencies are not very high, and the cost that has is but very high, can't satisfy the needs of vast water-deficient area to water; In addition owing to a large amount of use the plastics of difficult degradation such as polypropylene and influence environment.
Summary of the invention
The water collection efficiency that the objective of the invention is to overcome prior art is not high, can't satisfy the needs of vast water-deficient area to water, and the defective of cost height, not environmental protection, thereby provide a kind of membrane structure with hydrophilic region and hydrophobic region, can collect small water droplet in the air efficiently and make it to become available fresh water, and composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment that can demist.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment.
A further object of the present invention is to provide above-mentioned composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment next purposes in the collection fog drips or dispels the thick fog.
The objective of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:
Composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention, be that crust collection fog and the cobweb of intending the ground beetle insect from the desert can be hung the inspiration that obtains the phenomenon of dewdrops, as shown in Figure 1, the surface of this laminated film has the composite construction of hydrophilic region and hydrophobic region, it comprises a substrate, hydrophobic polymer film on it reaches the small circular projection in several queueing disciplines of hydrophobic polymer film surface; The thickness of described hydrophobic polymer film is less than 1mm; Described projection is the hydrophilic polymer of glass microballoon or 10～70wt% inorganic oxide particles that mixed, and the diameter of described projection is 0.1～1.5mm, highly is 0.2～1mm, and the distance between the projection central point is 2～7mm.
Described base material is glass or plastic sheet.
Described hydrophobic polymer is a dimethyl silicone polymer.
Described hydrophilic polymer is the polymer that contains amide groups, hydroxyl or carboxyl, and for example polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, nylon 4 or nylon 6 preferably contain the copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid.
Described inorganic oxide particles is the commercially available colloidal titania or the dispersion of cataloid, and its average grain diameter is 1～100 μ m, preferred 5～50 μ m.
Preferred 20～the 50wt% of the doping of the colloidal inorganic oxide particle in the described hydrophilic polymer, more preferred 30～40wt%.
The preferred diameter of described projection is 0.2～0.7mm, and preferred heights is 0.3～0.5mm, and the distance between the preferred projection central point is 3～6mm.
Can also comprise in the hydrophobic polymer thin layer of the present invention and be selected from ultra-violet stabilizer, ultra-violet absorber, ozone stabilizing agent, the antioxidant one or more.
Described ultra-violet stabilizer is two (2,2,6, the 6-tetramethyl-piperidyl) sebacates (commodity are called light stabilizer 770), and addition is the 1wt% of described hydrophobic polymer;
Described ultra-violet absorber is a 2-cyano group-3,3-diphenylacrylate 2-Octyl Nitrite, and addition is less than the 0.5wt% of described hydrophobic polymer;
Described ozone stabilizing agent is the phenol triazine, and addition is the 0.3wt% less than described hydrophobic polymer;
Described antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol (trade name Ultranox
TM226), addition is 0.5～1wt% of described hydrophobic polymer.
The invention provides a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment, as shown in Figure 2, be earlier hydrophobic polymer solution to be coated in the substrate, with the porous roller screen hydrophilic glass microballoon or hydrophilic polymer concentrated solution be coated on the film of hydrophobic polymer again, specifically comprise following step:
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
Two components (glue and consolidation liquid) of dimethyl silicone polymer (hereinafter to be referred as PDMS) are mixed by 10: 1 weight portions, and the butyl acetate of adding and glue equivalent weight makes hydrophobic polymer solution then;
2) handle glass microballoon:
With diameter is that the glass microballoon of 0.4～1.0mm immerses in the hydrofluoric acid solution of 5wt%, at room temperature handles 1～2 hour, leaches glass microballoon, washes the back oven dry with water, standby;
3) preparation hydrophilic polymer solution:
Inorganic oxide particles is added in the formic acid solution, and mechanical agitation or ultrasonic agitation are uniformly dispersed system, add hydrophilic polymer again, in 40～50 ℃ of following 20min, and the hydrophilic polymer solution of the inorganic oxide particles that obtained mixing, standby;
Described hydrophilic polymer is the polymer that contains amide groups, hydroxyl or carboxyl, and for example polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, nylon 4 or nylon 6 preferably contain the copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid;
Described inorganic oxide particles is the commercially available colloidal titania or the dispersion of cataloid, and its average grain diameter is 1～100 μ m, preferred 5～50 μ m;
The doping of the colloidal inorganic oxide particle in the hydrophilic polymer is 10～70wt%, preferred 20～50wt%, more preferred 30～40wt%;
The addition of formic acid and the weight ratio of hydrophilic polymer are 9: 1;
4) preparation laminated film:
The hydrophobic polymer solution that step 1) is made adopts conventional method evenly to be coated in the substrate, dry 10～20 minutes, forms the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) the hydrophilic polymer solution that makes of the glass microsphere handled or step 3) pours porous sieve bucket into, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across the hydrophobic polymer coating, forming diameter on coating is 0.1～1.5mm, highly be 0.2～1mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 2～7mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of drying 2～3h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention;
Described base material is glass or plastic sheet;
The coating method of described hydrophobic polymer comprises technology such as spraying, blade coating, dip-coating, roller coat.
The preparation method of above-mentioned composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention also is included in the hydrophobic polymer thin layer to add and is selected from ultra-violet stabilizer, ultra-violet absorber, ozone stabilizing agent, the antioxidant one or more.
Described ultra-violet stabilizer is two (2,2,6, the 6-tetramethyl-piperidyl) sebacates (commodity are called light stabilizer 770), and addition is the 1wt% of described hydrophobic polymer;
Described ultra-violet absorber is a 2-cyano group-3,3-diphenylacrylate 2-Octyl Nitrite, and addition is less than the 0.5wt% of described hydrophobic polymer;
Described ozone stabilizing agent is the phenol triazine, and addition is the 0.3wt% less than described hydrophobic polymer
Described antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol (trade name Ultranox
TM226), addition is 0.5～1wt% of described hydrophobic polymer
Above-mentioned composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention can be used for collecting fog and drips or dispel the thick fog.It has and efficiently catchments or the function of dispersing fog, can increase the gathering of airborne water droplet on the laminated film surface, reduces airborne moisture simultaneously, thereby improves the visibility of air.Under air themperature that is fit to and humidity, airborne moisture is attracted by the hydrophilic region on this laminated film surface and rapid drawout, sprawling gathering in a large number and forming bigger water droplet at hydrophobic surface along with aqueous vapor.When film tilts or vertically installs, in the water leg of these big water droplet rolling film plates and compile and be spendable fresh water.
The invention provides and a kind ofly use above-mentioned composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment to collect the device that fog drips or dispels the thick fog, as shown in Figure 3, comprise: 2 elevating levers 1 that drive by small machine, gutter channel 6 by four levels links to each other therebetween, one end of gutter channel is connected in aqueduct 2, in the steel ladle 3 below aqueduct 2 inserts; Spacing is 1 meter between the gutter channel 6, vertical therebetween installation composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment 7 provided by the invention; Elevating lever 1 is fixing by static line 4 and spud pile 5.
Described gutter channel is the groove that plastics or metal are made.
Described aqueduct is the pipe of plastic production.
The height of described elevating lever is 7～10 meters, and spacing is 10～15 meters.
When dense fog occurred, elevating lever drove gutter channel, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment and aqueduct simultaneously and stretches out automatically thereupon by electronic rise; The fresh water that composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment is collected flow in the gutter channel, and enters in the steel ladle through aqueduct; After dense fog dispersed, the electronic elevating lever of falling, gutter channel, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment and aqueduct entered thereupon falling in the storage box, to avoid material aging.
The device that uses above-mentioned composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment to collect fog to drip or dispel the thick fog (abbreviation catchment installing rack) can in-line be installed in island (seashore), high mountain etc. and facings the wind on the external wall of place, gentle slope and foggy district building to collect fresh water; also can two row or number row lay; many foggy and the problem of water consumption of water-deficient area helps these regional ecological protections and improves local resident's living standard to solve China.In the thick fog prone areas, also it can be installed in the place, isolation strip on highway both sides or the place, vacant lot around the airport, and suitably improve the length of elevating lever, can play the effect that dispels the thick fog and improve air visibility, thereby significantly reduce the economic loss that thick fog brings.
Composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention, be that crust collection fog and the cobweb of intending the ground beetle insect from the desert can be hung the inspiration that obtains the phenomenon of dewdrops, as shown in Figure 1, the surface of this laminated film has the composite construction of hydrophilic region and hydrophobic region, and the area of hydrophilic region is less than the area of hydrophobic region, compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, hydrophilic region has increased hydrophilic area by the projection of rule, especially the formed projection of hydrophilic polymer of using inorganic oxide particles to mix, its surface has the more projection or the micropore of microcosmic again, more increased the area of hydrophilic region, increase the collision probability and the spreading rate of air water droplet, made the efficient of catchmenting be improved.
2, hydrophilic polymer used in the present invention has good outdoor stability;
3, inorganic oxide particles used in the present invention has low cost, hydrophily is good, the characteristic good with the compatibility of polymer;
4, by adding ultra-violet stabilizer, ultra-violet absorber, ozone stabilizing agent, antioxidant etc., make composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention be difficult for degraded, more durable, can prolong service life;
5, this composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment originally has good hydrophobic/hydrophilic nmature, in room temperature the water droplet of 3 μ m is measured, the static contact angle of its hydrophilic region (static contact angle) is less than 30 °, even can be as small as 10 °, and the static contact angle of hydrophobic region surpasses 80 °, even can be above 110 °;
6, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention provides the collecting water from runoff under the different humidity, durability and economy.Therefore should be used in the desert, strand, island, ocean ship and foggy mountain area etc., collecting airborne water droplet becomes spendable fresh water, and the thick fog around the airport, highway, beacon etc. disperses and eliminates.Its cost of collecting fresh water is far below Cost of seawater desalination.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the photo of composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention; Be water-wetted surface district---glass microballoon from the some place wherein, black part is divided into hydrophobic surface district---polysiloxane coating;
Fig. 2 is the preparation method's of a composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is to use composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention to collect the schematic representation of apparatus that fog drips or dispels the thick fog; Wherein, 1. elevating lever highly is 7 meters, and two distance between tie rods are 10 meters; 2. aqueduct, 3. steel ladle, 4. static line, 5. spud pile, 6. gutter channel, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment 7. provided by the invention.
The specific embodiment
In following examples, further specify advantage of the present invention and other details, but concrete material of quoting among the embodiment and consumption and other condition and details should not be regarded as the present invention has been carried out inappropriate restriction.Unless otherwise indicated, all temperature among the embodiment all in degree centigrade, all umbers and percentage number average are by weight.
Used following abbreviation among the embodiment:
The PDMS dimethyl silicone polymer, Dow Corming Corporation, Dow Corning 184
The PA6 polycaprolactam, nylon 6, commercial
The DMF dimethyl formamide, polymer solvent, commercial
Silica A380 silica aerosol particle, average diameter is 25nm, and is commercial
The gained thin-film material is carried out the Static Water contact angle experiments, use water droplet 2 μ L, produce on the dataphisicsOCA-20 video contact angle measurement in Germany and carry out.
Embodiment 1
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
With two components of PDMS (glue---also claim first component or A component, and consolidation liquid---also claim second component or B component) mix by 10: 1 weight portions, the butyl acetate of adding and glue equivalent weight reduces the viscosity of mixed system then, make hydrophobic polymer solution, standby;
2) preparation hydrophilic polymer solution:
In reaction bulb, add the commercially available silica hydrosol particle (average grain diameter is 5 μ m) of 3g and the formic acid solution (commercially available) of 180g, put into the abundant ultrasonic dispersion in ultrasonic pond 30 minutes, add 30g nylon 6 (PA6) polymer again, dissolve 20min down in 40 ℃, obtained the mixing hydrophilic polymer solution of inorganic oxide particles, standby;
3) preparation laminated film:
The even roller coating of PDMS solution that step 1) is made is at 2 * 1m
2The polyethylene thin plate on, dry 10 minutes, form the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) to pour the aperture into be 0.5mm porous sieve bucket for the hydrophilic polymer solution that makes, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across also the not hydrophobic polymer coating of bone dry, forming diameter on coating is 0.5mm, highly be 0.5mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 7mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of dry 3h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention.
This thin-film material is carried out the Static Water contact angle experiments, in room temperature the water droplet of 3 μ m is measured, the static contact angle of its hydrophilic region is less than 15 °, and the static contact angle of hydrophobic region is greater than 110 °.
Embodiment 2
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
Step 1) with embodiment 1;
2) preparation hydrophilic polymer solution:
In reaction bulb, add the commercially available titania hydrosol particle (average grain diameter is 50 μ m) of 6g and the formic acid solution (commercially available) of 180g, mechanical agitation was disperseed 30 minutes, add 30g nylon 4 (PA4) polymer again, dissolve 20min down in 50 ℃, obtained the mixing hydrophilic polymer solution of inorganic oxide particles, standby;
3) preparation laminated film:
The even roller coating of PDMS solution that step 1) is made is at 2 * 1m
2The polyethylene thin plate on, dry 20 minutes, form the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) to pour the aperture into be 0.7mm porous sieve bucket for the hydrophilic polymer solution that makes, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across also the not hydrophobic polymer coating of bone dry, forming diameter on coating is 0.7mm, highly be 0.4mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 2mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of dry 3h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention.
This thin-film material is carried out the Static Water contact angle experiments, in room temperature the water droplet of 3 μ m is measured, the static contact angle of its hydrophilic region is less than 10 °, and the static contact angle of hydrophobic region is greater than 110 °.
Embodiment 3
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
Step 1) with embodiment 1;
2) handle glass microballoon:
With diameter is that the glass microballoon of 0.7mm immerses in the hydrofluoric acid solution (commercially available) of 5wt%, at room temperature handles 1 hour, leaches glass microballoon, with clear water cleaning glass microballon 3 times, oven dry, standby;
3) preparation laminated film:
The even roller coating of PDMS solution that step 1) is made is at 2 * 1m
2The polyethylene thin plate on, dry 20 minutes, form the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) to pour the aperture into be 1mm porous sieve bucket for the glass microballoon handled, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across also the not hydrophobic polymer coating of bone dry, forming diameter on coating is 0.5～0.8mm, highly be 1mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 3mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of dry 2h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention.
This thin-film material is carried out the Static Water contact angle experiments, in room temperature the water droplet of 3 μ m is measured, the static contact angle of its hydrophilic region is less than 5 °, and the static contact angle of hydrophobic region is greater than 110 °.
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
Two components (glue and consolidation liquid) of PDMS are mixed by 10: 1 weight portions, add butyl acetate then with the glue equivalent weight, the viscosity of mixed system is reduced, and the ultra-violet stabilizer of the 1wt% of adding PDMS weight---two (2,2,6, the 6-tetramethyl-piperidyl) sebacate (commodity are called light stabilizer 770), make hydrophobic polymer solution, standby;
2) handle glass microballoon:
With diameter is that the glass microballoon of 0.4mm immerses in the hydrofluoric acid solution (commercially available) of 5wt%, at room temperature handles 2 hours, leaches glass microballoon, with clear water cleaning glass microballon 3 times, oven dry, standby;
3) preparation laminated film:
The even roller coating of PDMS solution that step 1) is made is at 2 * 1m
2The polyethylene thin plate on, dry 20 minutes, form the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) to pour the aperture into be 0.1mm porous sieve bucket for the glass microballoon handled, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across also the not hydrophobic polymer coating of bone dry, forming diameter on coating is 0.1mm, highly be 0.2mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 6mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of dry 2h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention.
This thin-film material is carried out the Static Water contact angle experiments, in room temperature the water droplet of 3 μ m is measured, the static contact angle of its hydrophilic region is less than 5 °, and the static contact angle of hydrophobic region is greater than 110 °.
Embodiment 5
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
Two components (glue and consolidation liquid) of PDMS are mixed by 10: 1 weight portions, add butyl acetate then with the glue equivalent weight, the viscosity of mixed system is reduced, and 0.3wt% ultra-violet absorber---the 2-cyano group-3 of adding PDMS weight, 3-diphenylacrylate 2-Octyl Nitrite, make hydrophobic polymer solution, standby;
2) handle glass microballoon:
With diameter is that the glass microballoon of 1.0mm immerses in the hydrofluoric acid solution (commercially available) of 5wt%, at room temperature handles 1 hour, leaches glass microballoon, with clear water cleaning glass microballon 3 times, oven dry, standby;
3) preparation laminated film:
The even roller coating of PDMS solution that step 1) is made is at 2 * 1m
2The polyethylene thin plate on, dry 20 minutes, form the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) to pour the aperture into be 1.5mm porous sieve bucket for the glass microballoon handled, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across also the not hydrophobic polymer coating of bone dry, forming diameter on coating is 1.5mm, highly be 0.6mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 5mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of dry 2h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention.
This thin-film material is carried out the Static Water contact angle experiments, in room temperature the water droplet of 3 μ m is measured, the static contact angle of its hydrophilic region is less than 5 °, and the static contact angle of hydrophobic region is greater than 110 °.
Embodiment 6
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
Two components (glue and consolidation liquid) of PDMS are mixed by 10: 1 weight portions, add butyl acetate then with the glue equivalent weight, the viscosity of mixed system is reduced, and the ozone stabilizing agent---antioxidant of the 0.7wt% of phenol triazine and PDMS weight---2 of the 0.2wt% of adding PDMS weight, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenol (trade name Ultranox
TM226), make hydrophobic polymer solution, standby;
2) preparation hydrophilic polymer solution:
In reaction bulb, add the commercially available titania hydrosol particle (average grain diameter is 1 μ m) of 21g and the formic acid solution (commercially available) of 180g, mechanical agitation was disperseed 30 minutes, add the 30g polyvinylpyrrolidone again, dissolve 20min down in 40 ℃, obtained the mixing hydrophilic polymer solution of inorganic oxide particles, standby;
3) preparation laminated film:
The even roller coating of PDMS solution that step 1) is made is at 2 * 1m
2The polyethylene thin plate on, dry 20 minutes, form the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) to pour the aperture into be 0.7mm porous sieve bucket for the hydrophilic polymer solution that makes, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across also the not hydrophobic polymer coating of bone dry, forming diameter on coating is 0.7mm, highly be 0.3mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 4mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of dry 2h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention.
This thin-film material is carried out the Static Water contact angle experiments, in room temperature the water droplet of 3 μ m is measured, the static contact angle of its hydrophilic region is less than 5 °, and the static contact angle of hydrophobic region is greater than 110 °.
The composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of use embodiment 1 preparation provided by the invention is collected the device that fog drips or dispels the thick fog, and as shown in Figure 3, comprising: 2 elevating levers 1 that drive by small machine, and the height of elevating lever is 10 meters, spacing is 12 meters.The stream of plastic tank 6 of four levels has been installed between two bars, and its width is 15cm, and the spacing of gutter channel is 1 meter.One end of gutter channel is connected in plastics aqueduct 2, and its internal diameter is Ф 20mm.Ф 100 * 80m below aqueduct 2 inserts
3In the steel ladle 3; Between the gutter channel 6 vertical install embodiment 1 preparation composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment 7; Elevating lever 1 is fixing by static line 4 and spud pile 5.Elevating lever is 100 watts Motor Drive lifting by power, drives the lifting thereupon of gutter channel, water collection sheet and aqueduct simultaneously.
When dense fog occurred, elevating lever drove gutter channel, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment and aqueduct simultaneously and stretches out automatically thereupon by electronic rise; The fresh water that composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment is collected flow in the gutter channel, and enters in the steel ladle through aqueduct; After dense fog dispersed, the electronic elevating lever of falling, gutter channel, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment and aqueduct entered thereupon falling in the storage box, to avoid material aging.
Use this device, under 15 ℃, the condition of relative humidity 90%, an area is 0.5m
2The laminated film that catchments at diel 30～50 liters of fresh water that can catchment, have than higher water collection efficiency.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment, it comprises a substrate, the hydrophobic polymer film on it reaches the small circular projection in the many queueing disciplines of hydrophobic polymer film surface; The thickness of described hydrophobic polymer film is less than 1mm; Described projection is the hydrophilic polymer of glass microballoon or 10～70wt% inorganic oxide particles that mixed, and the diameter of described projection is 0.1～1.5mm, highly is 0.2～1mm, and the distance between the projection central point is 2～7mm.
2, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described base material is glass or plastic sheet; Described hydrophobic polymer is a dimethyl silicone polymer; Described hydrophilic polymer is the polymer that contains amide groups, hydroxyl or carboxyl; Described inorganic oxide particles is the commercially available colloidal titania or the dispersion of cataloid, and its average grain diameter is 1～100 μ m.
3, composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise in the described hydrophobic polymer thin layer being selected from ultra-violet stabilizer, ultra-violet absorber, ozone stabilizing agent, the antioxidant one or more.
4, the preparation method of the described composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of a kind of claim 1 comprises following step:
1) preparation hydrophobic polymer solution:
The glue of two components of dimethyl silicone polymer and the consolidation liquid weight portion by 10: 1 is mixed, add the butyl acetate with the glue equivalent weight then, make hydrophobic polymer solution;
2) handle glass microballoon:
With diameter is that the glass microballoon of 0.4～1.0mm immerses in the hydrofluoric acid solution of 5wt%, at room temperature handles 1～2 hour, leaches glass microballoon, washes the back oven dry with water, standby;
3) preparation hydrophilic polymer solution:
Inorganic oxide particles is added in the formic acid solution, and mechanical agitation or ultrasonic agitation are uniformly dispersed system, add hydrophilic polymer again, in 40～50 ℃ of following 20min, and the hydrophilic polymer solution of the inorganic oxide particles that obtained mixing, standby; The doping of the colloidal inorganic oxide particle in the hydrophilic polymer is 10～70wt%; The addition of formic acid and the weight ratio of hydrophilic polymer are 9: 1;
4) preparation laminated film:
The hydrophobic polymer solution that step 1) is made adopts conventional method evenly to be coated in the substrate, dry 10～20 minutes, forms the hydrophobic polymer film; Then with step 2) the hydrophilic polymer solution that makes of the glass microsphere handled or step 3) pours porous sieve bucket into, porous sieve bucket is toppled over, and roll across the hydrophobic polymer coating, forming diameter on coating is 0.1～1.5mm, highly be 0.2～1mm, the distance between the projection central point is the projection of 2～7mm; At last, at 50 ℃ of drying 2～3h, obtain composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of the present invention.
5, the preparation method of composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described hydrophilic polymer is the polymer that contains amide groups, hydroxyl or carboxyl; Described inorganic oxide particles is the commercially available colloidal titania or the dispersion of cataloid, and its average grain diameter is 1～100 μ m; Described base material is glass or plastic sheet.
6, the preparation method of composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the coating method of described hydrophobic polymer is spraying, blade coating, dip-coating or roller coat.
7, the preparation method of composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: also be included in the hydrophobic polymer thin layer to add and be selected from ultra-violet stabilizer, ultra-violet absorber, ozone stabilizing agent, the antioxidant one or more.
8, the purposes of the described composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of claim 1 in the collection fog drips or dispels the thick fog.
9, a kind of described composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment of claim 1 that uses is collected the device that fog drips or dispels the thick fog, comprise: 2 elevating levers (1) that drive by small machine, gutter channel (6) by four levels links to each other therebetween, one end of gutter channel is connected in aqueduct (2), in the steel ladle (3) below aqueduct (2) inserts; Spacing is 1 meter between the gutter channel (6), the vertical therebetween composite membrane of biomimetic water catchment provided by the invention (7) of installing; Elevating lever (1) is fixing by static line (4) and spud pile (5).
10, device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: described gutter channel is the groove that plastics or metal are made; Described aqueduct is the pipe of plastic production.
Priority Applications (1)
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