CN1871909A - 植物保护剂 - Google Patents
植物保护剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1871909A CN1871909A CN 200610092499 CN200610092499A CN1871909A CN 1871909 A CN1871909 A CN 1871909A CN 200610092499 CN200610092499 CN 200610092499 CN 200610092499 A CN200610092499 A CN 200610092499A CN 1871909 A CN1871909 A CN 1871909A
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- methyl
- component
- phenyl
- plant
- acid
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Abstract
植物的杀微生物剂组合物,包括能产生协同活性的剂量的至少两种活性成分组分,以及合适的填料,其特征在于组分(I)是化合物:2-[α-{[(α-甲基-3-三氟甲基-苄基)亚氨基]-氧}-邻甲苯基]-二羟乙酸甲酯-O-甲基肟;组分II是选自下组的化合物:IIB)4-环丙基-6-甲基-N-苯基-2-嘧啶胺(“嘧菌环胺”);IIC)苯并(1,2,3)噻二唑-7-硫代羧酸-S-甲酯(“噻二唑素”);IID)3-苯胺基-5-甲基-5-(4-苯氧基苯基)-1,3-噁唑烷-2,4-二酮(“噁唑酮菌”);IIF)4-(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)吡咯-3-腈(“咯菌腈”);IIG)4-(2,3-二氯苯基)吡咯-3-腈(“拌种咯”);IIH)1-甲基-环己烷羧酸-(2,3-二氯-4-羟基苯基)酰胺(“环酰菌胺”);IIJ)2-{2-[6-(2-氰基苯氧基)-嘧啶-4-基氧基]-苯基}-3-甲氧基-丙烯酸甲酯(“嘧菌酯”);IIK)甲氧亚氨基-(2-邻甲苯氧基甲基苯基)乙酸甲酯(“醚菌酯”);或者分别是组分I和II的一种盐或金属络合物。
Description
本申请是申请日为1997年12月11日、申请号为97180584.9的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及具有协同增强活性的新的植物保护活性成分混合物(其中包括至少两种活性成分组分),以及施用这些混合物保护植物特别是防治和预防病害发生的方法。
组分I是化合物
2-[α-{[(α-甲基-3-三氟甲基-苄基)亚氨基]-氧}-邻甲苯基]-二羟乙酸甲酯-O-甲基肟,(EP-A-460,575);
组分II是选自下组的化合物:
IIA)5,7-二氯-4-(4-氟苯氧基)喹啉(“苯氧喹啉”),(EP-A-326,330);IIB)4-环丙基-6-甲基-N-苯基-2-嘧啶胺(“嘧菌环胺(嘧菌环胺)”)
(杀虫剂指南(The Pesticide Manual),第十版,1994,109);IIC)苯并(1,2,3)噻二唑-7-硫代羧酸-S-甲酯(“噻二唑素”)(EP-A-313,512);
IID)3-苯胺基-5-甲基-5-(4-苯氧基苯基)-1,3-唑烷-2,4-二酮(“唑酮菌”)(EP-A-393,911);
IIE)8-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-N-乙基-N-丙基-1,4-二氧杂螺[4,5]癸烷-2-甲胺(“螺茂胺”)(EP-A-281,842);
IIF)4-(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)吡咯-3-腈(“咯菌腈(Fludioxonil)”)(杀虫剂指南(The Pesticide Manual),第十版,1994,326);
IIG)4-(2,3-二氯苯基)吡咯-3-腈(“拌种咯”(Fenpiclonil))(杀虫剂指南(The Pesticide Manual),第十版,1994,302);
IIH)1-甲基-环己烷羧酸-(2,3-二氯-4-羟基苯基)酰胺(“环酰菌胺”)(EP-A-379,438);
IIJ)2-{2-[6-(2-氰基苯氧基)-嘧啶-4-基氧基]-苯基}-3-甲氧基-丙烯酸甲酯(“嘧菌酯”)(EP-A-382,375);
IIK)甲氧亚氨基-(2-邻甲苯氧基甲基苯基)乙酸甲酯(“醚菌酯”)(EP-A-398,692);
或者分别是组分I和II的一种盐或金属络合物。
现在人们惊奇地发现,根据本发明的组分I和II混合物在预防和防治植物病害方面不仅表现出加和性作用,还表现出显著的协同增效作用。
两种活性成分合适的混合比是I∶II=20∶1-1∶20,优选I∶II=10∶1-1∶10、6∶1-1∶6、2∶1-1∶10和10∶1-1∶2。
根据本发明的活性成分混合物I+II在保护植物防止病害发生方面具有非常优越的性能。
而且,含有化合物IIC的混合物能够激活植物体内潜在的防御系统,防止病原微生物的感染并通过免疫作用保护植物。
使用本发明活性成分混合物可以阻止或破坏不同有用植物的植株或植株的某部分(果实、花、叶、茎、块茎、根)上出现的微生物,从而使植株后生长出来的部分也不会存在这些微生物。本发明活性成分混合物也可以用作拌种剂用于处理植物的繁殖材料,特别是种子(果实、块茎、谷种)和植物插条(例如稻)以防止真菌感染,以及抵御土壤中的植物致病真菌。根据本发明的活性成分混合物在植物耐受力和环境可接受性方面的表现尤其显著。
根据本发明的活性成分混合物能有效抑制以下相关种类的植物致病真菌:子囊菌纲(例如黑星菌属、柄球菌属、白粉菌属、链核盘菌属、球腔菌属、钩丝壳霉属);担子菌纲(例如驼孢锈菌属、丝核菌属、柄锈菌属);半知菌类(例如葡萄孢属、长蠕孢属、喙孢属、镰孢属、壳针孢属、尾孢属、链格孢属、梨形孢属(Pyricularia)特别是Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides);卵菌纲(例如疫霉属、霜霉属、盘梗霉属、腐霉属、单轴霉属)。
在本发明的范围内,在这里公开所指的田间目标作物是,例如下列种类的植物:禾谷类作物(小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、稻、高粱等);甜菜:(制糖甜菜和饲用甜菜);仁果、核果和浆果类:(苹果、梨、李、桃、杏、樱桃、草莓、覆盆子和黑刺莓);豆科植物:(菜豆类、小扁豆、豌豆、大豆);油料作物:(油菜、芥菜、罂粟、油橄榄、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻、可可树、花生);黄瓜属植物(葫芦、黄瓜、甜瓜);纺织用纤维植物:(棉、亚麻、大麻、黄麻);柑桔类水果:(橙、柠檬、葡萄柚、桔);蔬菜类(菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、卷心菜类、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、马铃薯、胡椒);樟科:(鳄梨、肉桂、樟脑)或者作物如玉米、烟草、坚果作物、咖啡、甘蔗、茶、葡萄树、蛇麻草、香蕉和天然橡胶植物,以及观赏植物(花卉、灌木、落叶树和针叶树如松柏类植物)。本发明不限于上述植物。
根据本发明的活性成分混合物在下列应用中尤其有利:
I+IIA:用于禾谷类和藤本植物;
I+IIB:用于禾谷类,特别是小麦和大麦,还有藤本植物、蔬菜和水果;
I+IIC:用于禾谷类;
I+IID:用于藤本植物;
I+IIE:用于禾谷类;
I+IIF:用于禾谷类,特别是小麦和大麦,还有藤本植物和蔬菜;
I+IIG:用于种子处理;
I+IIH:用于蔬菜和藤本植物;
I+IIJ:用于禾谷类和藤本植物;
I+IIK:用于禾谷类,特别是小麦和大麦。
式I和II的活性成分混合物通常是以组合物的形式使用。式I和II的活性成分以及在制剂技术中常用的另外任选的填料、表面活性剂或其他强化喷洒的添加剂一起,可以同时或在同一天中连续喷洒在被处理的区域或植物上。
合适的填料和添加剂可以是固体或液体,它们是制剂技术中有用的物质,例如天然或再生矿物质、溶剂、分散剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、增稠剂、粘合剂或者肥料。
对含有活性成分I和II各自至少一种的活性成分混合物,其优选的施用方法是施用到植物地上部分,尤其是叶系(叶面施用);施用次数和施用比率取决于目标微生物的生物和气候生存条件。然而,活性成分也可以经由土壤或水通过根系到达植物体内(内吸作用),由此可用液体制剂(例如在稻的栽培中)浇灌植物所在处或者把该物质以固体形式(例如以颗粒剂形式)掺入土壤里(土壤施用)。式I和II的化合物也可以在种子处理中施用到谷种上(种子包衣),由此块茎或谷物可用每种活性成分的液体制剂依次浸泡,或者用已经混合的湿或干的制剂包覆。而且,在特殊情况下,也可以有其他类型的植物施用方式,如芽或合心皮果的靶标处理。在这里,混合的化合物是以无变化的形式,或者优选与剂型技术中常用的赋形剂一起使用,并且它们按照已知的方式被加工成(例如)乳油、包衣糊剂、直接可喷洒或可稀释的溶液、稀释的乳剂、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粉剂、粉剂、颗粒剂,或者通过胶囊化制成(例如)聚合物。根据靶标和所给的条件选择施用方法如喷雾、弥雾、喷粉、分撒、包衣或浇灌,用同样的方法选择试剂剂型。活性成分混合物的合适施用率通常是50g-2kg活性物质/公顷,尤其是100-700g活性物质/公顷,最优选75-450g活性物质/公顷。对于种子处理,其施用率是0.5-600g、优选5-80g的活性物质/100kg种子。
制剂是用已知的方式生产,例如将活性成分和稀释剂如溶剂、固体填料及任选的表面活性化合物(表面活性剂)一起均匀混合和/或研磨。
所讨论的溶剂可以是:芳烃,优选C8-C12馏分,如二甲苯混合物或取代的萘,苯二甲酸酯如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或二辛酯,脂族烃如环己烷或石蜡,醇和二醇及其醚和酯,如乙醇、1,2-亚乙基二醇、乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚,酮类如环己酮,强极性溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺,以及任选的环氧化植物油如环氧化椰子油或大豆油;或者水。
固体填料(例如可用于粉剂和可分散性粉剂)是普通的天然矿物粉末如钙质土(calcitol)、滑石、高岭土、蒙脱土或凹凸棒石。为了改善其物理性质,也可以加入高分散性硅酸或高分散性吸附性聚合产物。颗粒状吸附颗粒剂填料可以是多孔类型如浮石、碎砖(brickfragments)、海泡石或膨润土,以及非吸附性填料如钙质土(calcitol)或砂。
此外,也可以使用许多无机或有机性质的预成粒物质,尤其是白云石或粉碎的植物残渣。
随式I和II活性成分被配制的类型而定,表面活性化合物可以是具有良好乳化、分散和润湿特性的非离子、阳离子和/或阴离子表面活性剂。所述的表面活性剂也可以理解为是表面活性剂混合物。
特别有利的可增强施用效果的混合物还有源于脑磷脂或卵磷脂系列的天然或合成磷脂,例如磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、溶血卵磷脂。
农用化学组合物中通常含有0.1-99%、尤其是0.1-95%的式I和II的活性成分,99.1-1%、尤其是99.9-5%的固体或液体添加剂及0-25%、尤其是0.1-25%的表面活性剂。
虽然商品化的产品优选浓缩制剂,但最终用户通常是将制剂稀释后使用。
下面的实施例是对本发明的说明。其中“活性成分”是指按某一混合比混合的化合物I和化合物II的混合物。
剂型实施例
可湿性粉剂
a) b) c)
活性成分[I∶II=1∶3(a),1∶2(b),1∶1(c)] 25% 50% 75%
木质素磺酸钠 5% 5% -
十二烷基硫酸钠 3% - 5%
二异丁基萘磺酸钠 - 6% 10%
辛基酚聚乙二醇醚(7-8摩尔环氧乙烷) - 2% -
高分散性硅酸 5% 10% 10%
高岭土 62% 27% -
将活性成分与添加剂一起均匀混合并在合适的磨中充分研磨,得到喷雾粉剂,将其用水稀释可形成任何所需浓度的悬浮剂。
乳油
活性成分(I∶II=1∶6) 10%
辛基酚聚乙二醇醚(4-5摩尔环氧乙烷) 3%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 3%
蓖麻油聚乙二醇醚(35摩尔环氧乙烷) 4%
环己酮 30%
二甲苯混合物 50%
可以用水稀释比乳油来制备任何所需稀释度的乳剂,这些乳剂可用于植物保护。
包衣颗粒剂
活性成分(I∶II=1∶10) 8%
聚乙二醇(分子量200) 3%
高岭土 89%
在混合器中,把磨细的活性成分均匀加入用聚乙二醇润湿的高岭土上。这样,得到无尘的包衣颗粒剂。
生物实施例
如果活性成分组合物的活性要大于单个组分活性的加和,那么就存在协同效应。
给定的活性成分组合物的预期活性E要满足所谓的COLBY方程,并且可以作如下计算(COLBY,S.R.“除草剂组合物的协同和拮抗效应的计算”。杂草(Weeds),第15卷,第20-22页;1967):
ppm=毫克活性成分(=ai)/升喷雾混合物
X=在喷洒p ppm活性成分期间活性成分I的%活性。
Y=在喷洒q ppm活性成分期间活性成分II的%活性。
根据Colby方程式,在喷洒p+q ppm活性成分期间,活性成分I+II的预期(加和)活性是
如果实际观测到的活性(O)大于预期活性(E),那么组合物在活性方面是超加和性组合,即存在协同效应(SF=协同系数)。
B-1:抗小麦隐匿柄锈菌的活性
a)残留保护活性
在播种6天后,对小麦植株喷洒用活性成分混合物的可湿性粉剂制备的含水喷雾混合物直至湿透。24小时后用真菌夏孢子悬液侵染。在48小时培育期后(条件:20℃,相对大气湿度95-100%),把植株放置在22℃的温室中,感染12天后,评估真菌的侵害程度。
b)内吸活性
在播种5天后,对小麦植株浇灌用活性成分混合物的可湿性粉剂制备的含水喷雾混合物。注意喷雾混合物不要与植物的地上部分接触。48小时后用真菌夏孢子的悬浮液侵染植物。在48小时培育期后(条件:20℃,相对大气湿度95-100%),把植株放置在22℃的温室中,感染12天后,评估真菌的侵害程度。
包含组分IIB和IIC的活性成分混合物尤其显示出良好的协同活性。
实施例B-2:抗葡萄中葡萄生单轴霉的活性
对4-5叶龄的葡萄秧苗喷洒用活性成分混合物的可湿性粉剂制备的含水喷雾混合物直至湿透,并且在24小时后用真菌孢子囊悬液侵染。侵染6天后,评估真菌的侵害程度,在此期间保持相对大气湿度95-100%和温度20℃。
包含组分IIB、IID和IIA的活性成分混合物尤其显示出良好的协同活性。
实施例B-3:抗大麦禾白粉菌的活性
a)残留保护活性
对大约8cm高的大麦植株喷洒用活性成分混合物的可湿性粉剂制备的含水喷雾混合物直至湿透,3-4小时后将真菌分生孢子撒在植株上。把被侵染的植株放置在22℃的温室中,侵染12天后,评估真菌的侵害程度。
b)内吸活性
对大约8cm高的大麦植株浇灌用活性成分混合物的可湿性粉剂制备的含水喷雾混合物。注意喷雾混合物不要与植物的地上部分接触。48小时后将真菌分生孢子撒在植株上。把被侵染的植株放置在22℃的温室中,侵染12天后,评估真菌的破坏作用。
包含组分IIA、IID和IIE的活性成分混合物尤其显示出良好的协同活性。
表1:活性成分IIA=苯氧喹啉
试验序号 | 活性成分I毫克/升 | 活性成分IIA毫克/升 | I∶II比 | %活性实际值O | %活性预测值E | SFO/E |
012345678910 | -0.11.0----0.10.10.11.0 | ---0.10.51.010.00.10.51.010.0 | 1∶11∶51∶101∶10 | 0(对照)6304682126302175 | 10121445 | 2.62.51.51.7 |
实施例B-4:抗番茄中致病疫霉(phytophthora infestans)的活性
a)治疗活性
在栽培3周后,对“红侏儒(red gnome)”品种的番茄植株喷洒真菌游动孢子的悬液,并在18-20℃和饱和大气湿度的小屋里培养。24小时后停止湿度。待植株变干后,用含活性成分的混合物配制成的可湿性粉剂喷洒。当喷雾液干燥后,把植株再放在潮湿的小屋中保留4天。这段时期之后出现的典型叶斑的数量和大小是评估试验物效力的标准。
b)预防性内吸活性
将配制成可湿性粉剂的活性物质施用到盆栽在单个盆中的3周龄“红侏儒(red gnome)”品种的番茄植株的土壤表面。放置3天后,在植株的叶子下面喷洒致病疫霉游动孢子悬液。然后在喷雾过的小屋中于18-20℃和饱和大气湿度下放置5天。之后,出现典型叶斑。用其数量和大小来评估试验物质的药效。
包含组分IIB和IIC的活性成分混合物尤其显示出良好的协同活性。
实施例B-5:抗苹果中灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)的活性。残留保护作用
将喷雾混合物滴加到人工损伤过的苹果的伤口处,然后给处理过的苹果接种真菌孢子悬液并在高大气湿度和大约20℃的条件下培养一周。根据开始腐烂的伤口的数量推断试验物质的杀菌作用。
包含组分IIB和IIC的活性成分混合物尤其显示出良好的协同活性。
实施例B-6:抗黑麦中雪腐镰孢的活性(种子处理)
在混合辊中用欲测试的杀菌剂包覆天然感染雪腐镰孢(Fusariumnivale)的“Tetrahell”品种的黑麦,由此使用下面的浓度:20或6ppm AS(基于种子的重量)。
在10月份用条播机在3m长、6行种子的露天小区上播种被感染和处理过的黑麦。每种浓度设三次重复,在正常的田间条件下耕作试验耕地(优选在冬季被积雪覆盖的区域),直至评估真菌的破坏情况。
为了评估植物毒性,对秋季种子出苗和春季作物的植株密度/数量进行评估。
为了确定所述活性成分活性,在春季积雪融化后即统计被镰孢菌侵害的作物的百分比。活性成分混合物显示出良好的协同活性。
Claims (3)
1.一种植物的杀微生物剂组合物,它包括能产生协同活性的剂量的至少两种活性成分组分,以及合适的填料,其特征在于组分I是2-[α-{[(α-甲基-3-三氟甲基-苄基)亚氨基]-氧}-邻甲苯基]-二羟乙酸甲酯-O-甲基肟,
组分II是选自下列的化合物:
IIB)4-环丙基-6-甲基-N-苯基-2-嘧啶胺(“嘧菌环胺”);
IIC)苯并(1,2,3)噻二唑-7-硫代羧酸-S-甲酯(“Acibenzolar-S-methyl”);
IID)3-苯胺基-5-甲基-5-(4-苯氧基苯基)-1,3-唑烷-2,4-二酮(“Famoxadone”);
IIF)4-(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)吡咯-3-腈(“咯菌腈”);
IIG)4-(2,3-二氯苯基)吡咯-3-腈(“拌种咯”);
IIH)1-甲基-环己烷羧酸-(2,3-二氯-4-羟基苯基)酰胺(“Fenhexamid”);
IIJ)2-{2-[6-(2-氰基苯氧基)-嘧啶-4-基氧基]-苯基}-3-甲氧基-丙烯酸甲酯(“Azoxystrobin”);
IIK)甲氧亚氨基-(2-邻甲苯氧基甲基苯基)乙酸甲酯(“Kresoxim-methyl”);
或者分别是组分I和II的一种盐或金属络合物。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于I∶II的重量比是20∶1-1∶20。
3.一种防治和预防植物病害的方法,其特征在于将权利要求1所述的组分I和组分II以任意顺序或者同时处理已经遭真菌侵袭或有遭真菌侵袭危险的位置。
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CN104756988A (zh) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-07-08 | 海利尔药业集团股份有限公司 | 一种含有肟菌酯与咯菌腈的杀菌组合物 |
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CN105494345B (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2017-12-19 | 陕西韦尔奇作物保护有限公司 | 一种高效杀菌组合物 |
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