CN1853342A - 用于线性调制信号放大和发送的自适应宽带数字放大器 - Google Patents

用于线性调制信号放大和发送的自适应宽带数字放大器 Download PDF

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CN1853342A
CN1853342A CNA2004800271671A CN200480027167A CN1853342A CN 1853342 A CN1853342 A CN 1853342A CN A2004800271671 A CNA2004800271671 A CN A2004800271671A CN 200480027167 A CN200480027167 A CN 200480027167A CN 1853342 A CN1853342 A CN 1853342A
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甘红
安东尼·丹尼斯
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Pine Valley Investments Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0211—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers with control of the supply voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
    • H03F1/0277—Selecting one or more amplifiers from a plurality of amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
    • H03G3/20—Automatic control
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Abstract

一种装置包括用于将振幅信号的至少一部分转换为二进制值的振幅映射电路、以及耦接到该振幅映射电路的多个放大器，使得将二进制发送给所述多个放大器中的至少一个，以指定该放大器的增益级。该装置可以用于输入波已经被划分为振幅和频率分量的系统中。

Description

用于线性调制信号放大和发送的 自适应宽带数字放大器
本发明一般地涉及电磁处理，特别涉及电磁波的衰减或放大。
电磁波的受控衰减或放大有很多用途。例如，可以通过衰减和/或放大(“更改”)电磁波特性来沿着波传递情报，例如当调制电流或射频(RF)波的振幅、频率或相位以发送数据时所看到的那样。作为另一示例，可以通过衰减和/或放大电磁波特性而以受控的方式沿着波传递功率，例如当调制电路中的电压或电流时看到的那样。此外，例如当可以通过更改功率特性而经由波传递情报时，可以将组合这些用途。
可以通过数字或模拟技术来实现电磁波特性的更改。例如，可以将波关断，从而所述波被完全衰减；可以例如通过1.5的因子来增大波的电压，从而调节所述波；等等。也可以组合数字和模拟衰减和/或放大，也就是说，在系统中，为了完成预期的任务，同一个波可以受到各种类型的数字和/或模拟衰减和/或放大。
例如在波的放大中使用数字化来处理电磁波提供了处理后的波的改善的线性，同时还通过减少功率消耗而提高了处理效率。数字化还通过使用在模拟处理系统中不能使用的、基于数字的技术而允许减少处理后的波中的噪声。
因此，如果提供在处理电磁波时使用数字技术的装置、方法和制造产品，则对于电磁波更改的领域将是有帮助的。
本发明的实施例包括一种装置，该装置包括用于将振幅信号的至少一部分转换为二进制值的振幅映射电路、以及耦接到该振幅映射电路的多个放大器，使得将二进制值发送到所述多个放大器中的至少一个，以指定该放大器的增益级。
本发明的实施例还包括一种用于处理信号的方法，包括以下步骤：将信号分离成振幅和相位分量；生成振幅分量的至少一部分的二进制表示；以及响应于所生成的二进制表示而指定多个放大器之一的增益级。
现在将参考附图、通过示例来描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明示例实施例的信号发送装置。
图2示出了图1所示的信号发送装置的数字振幅恢复部件。
图3是示出用于设置信号发送装置的增益的过程的流程图。
在此使用的术语“信号”应当被广泛地解释成包括从一个地点向另一个地点传递数据的任何方式，例如电流或电磁场，所述电流或磁场不加限制地包括被接通和关断的直流或交变电流或者包含一个或多个数据流的电磁载波。例如，可以通过可用模拟或数字形式实现的调制将数据叠加在载波电流或载波上。在此使用的术语“数据”也应当被广泛地解释成包括任何类型的情报或其它信息，例如并且不加限制：音频、语音、文本和/或视频等。
在示例实施例中，可以将波划分为两种分量特性。这种波可以是例如到电磁信号发射机、接收机或收发机的输入波。如图1所示，输入波可以被划分为包括在所定义的周期上的输入波的幅度特性的幅度分量(m)、以及包括在同一周期上的输入波的相位特性的相位分量()。如果以下式定义输入波：
s(t)＝I(t)+jQ(t)＝m(t)ej(t)则幅度分量(m)和相位分量()可由下式定义： m ( t ) = I 2 ( t ) + Q 2 ( t ) , 以及
Figure A20048002716700042
划分输入波的方式不受具体限制。可以实现此划分的一种示例方式是将输入波提供给数字信号处理器，所述数字信号处理器例如通过使用直角坐标或同相(I)、正交相位(Q)数据来将波数字化。然后，直角坐标-极坐标转换器(rectangular to polar converter)接收该I、Q数据并将其变换为极坐标。
应当注意，在其它实施例中，如果希望的话，可以提供波的不同的数字化表示。尽管在这里结合使用具有极坐标数据的数字化波的实施例来描述本发明，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到：本发明不限于此，并且可以使用任何数字或模拟波形或者它们的组合。
应当注意，在这个和其它实施例中的时间周期是随意的。例如，实施例可以在各种时间周期上导出波的幅度和相位特性，以便使波的分辨率(resolution)最大、使操作速度最大等。也可以在各种实施例中动态地确定这些时间周期，使得它们在操作期间改变。在优选实施例中，输入波的划分是同步的，以便使输出精度最大并且使任何失真最小。
图1示出了根据本发明第一示例实施例的信号发送装置100。输入波I最初被提供给基带信号生成和编码部件110或者由基带信号生成和编码部件110生成。基带信号生成和编码部件110优选地将输入模拟波数字化(例如，从模拟转换为数字)和/或直接处理数字数据，并且还可以提供必要的编码，即通过伪随机序列进行的这种变化(如通常在码分多址(CDMA)中所做的那样)。
在输入波I被处理(例如被数字化和编码)之后，基带信号生成和编码部件110将处理后的信号(模拟的或数字的)提供给将信号分离成振幅(m)和相位()分量的直角坐标-极坐标转换器120。从那时起，信号的振幅分量(m)被提供给数字振幅恢复电路200的振幅映射部件210(参见图2)。振幅映射部件210将振幅信号转换为特定数目的比特(b1-bn)。例如，对于32比特，振幅映射部件210将把振幅信号转换为比特b1-b32。
如上面所讨论的那样，可以将原始输入波I的振幅部分(m)转换为数字脉冲，所述数字脉冲包括被量化为具有最高有效位(“MSB”)到最低有效位(“LSB”)顺序的比特b1到bn的数字字(DW)。在各种实施例中，数字字DW可以是变化的长度(例如32位、128位等)。通常，所述字越长，输入波的再现精度(“分辨率”)越大。数字字DW以将在下面进一步描述的方式提供用于波的处理、例如用于衰减和/或放大的指令信号。当然，如在下面进一步描述的那样，在其它实施例中，可以使用不同地构造的数字字DW、以及振幅的其它类型的衍生物或其它波特性。
返回图1，相位调制器130将输入波的相位分量()调制到载波、优选为射频(RF)信号上。这个经载波调制的波优选地具有恒定包络(即，没有振幅变化)，然而它具有原始输入波的相位特性信息。然后，将输入波的经载波调制的相位分量()提供给可变增益放大器140，所述可变增益放大器140使所述波为数字振幅恢复电路200的功率分配器250做好准备。尽管以上讨论涉及利用相位调制器进行的输入波的调制，但是本领域普通技术人员将意识到：同样可以应用其它调制方法(例如，利用混频器的上变频)。
功率分配器250将输入波的经载波调制的相位分量()划分为由数字振幅恢复电路200(参见图2)处理的多个区段S1-SM。本领域普通技术人员将认识到：输入波的经载波调制的相位分量()被划分的区段的数目是可变的，并且取决于特定量化方案和输入信号的振幅电平。功率分配器250还在发送经载波调制的相位分量的电路和所述多个区段S1-SM之间提供阻抗匹配。如本领域普通技术人员将意识到的那样，可以利用分立电路、集成电路或混合电路来实现数字振幅恢复电路200。
图2示出了作为信号发送装置100的一部分的数字振幅恢复电路200。如上面所讨论的那样，数字振幅恢复电路200包括用于将输入信号的振幅部分(m)转换为数字字DW、即特定数目的比特(b1-bn)中的每一个的振幅映射部件210。每个数字字DW代表输入信号的振幅部分(m)的至少一部分。数字字DW被提供给数字增益控制电路220，所述数字增益控制电路220通过多个噪声滤波器230将增益控制信号提供给所述多个区段S1-SM中的各个放大器PA1-PAM。噪声滤波器230按照所需去除在将振幅部分(m)转换为数字字DW时引入的任何噪声。如上所述，数字振幅恢复电路200还包括：功率分配器250，用于将经载波调制的相位分量分解为多个区段S1-SM，并且提供阻抗匹配；以及功率合成器240，用于将所述多个区段S1-SM重新组合成单一的输出信号并且提供阻抗匹配。
除了向所述多个区段S1-SM提供增益控制信号以外，数字增益控制电路220还提供输入和输出控制信号221、222。输入控制信号221控制经载波调制的相位分量的功率的、被提供给每个区段S1-SM的部分，并且输出控制信号222控制区段S1-SM的重新组合，使得按照与划分它们相同的方式来将它们重新组合。输入控制信号221根据由振幅映射电路210生成的数字字DW的值来改变输入信号的经载波调制的相位部分()的、被提供给每个区段S1-SM的部分。
如上所述，每个区段S1-SM的控制端耦接到数字增益控制电路220，使得可以使用数字字DW来设置每个放大器的增益。使用n位的增益(由比特b1-bn提供)和M个区段来量化振幅信号(m)，以根据下式产生信号：
m = ( K ref Σ i = 1 n b i 2 i + Σ j M K j ( Σ k = 0 n 2 k + 1 ) ) ,
其中，Kref是每个比特b1-bn的基准增益，Kj是当使用多于一个区段时第j区段的区段增益，并且M是区段的总数目。为了均匀量化，对于被偏置为“接通(ON)”(例如，在区段的控制端接收到逻辑“1”)的区段，Kref＝Kj，而对于被偏置为“关断(OFF)”(例如，在区段的控制端接收逻辑“0”)的区段，Kj＝0。
在根据本发明第一实施例的示例实现中，由振幅映射部件210生成的数字字DW每个是5位(例如，每个具有比特b1-b5)，并且数字振幅恢复电路200包括四(4)个区段S1-S4(其具有对应的放大器PA1-PA4)。使用5位的数字字DW来表示输入信号的振幅部分(m)，每个放大器PA1-PA4可以指定32个增益级(例如，对于每个数字字DW的25＝32个可能的二进制组合)之一。利用四(4)个区段S1-S4和5位的数字字DW，数字振幅恢复电路200可以表示在1和128之间的任何量化级(即，四个区段S1-S4的每一个可以表示多达32的增益级)。
继续以上示例，如果将输入信号的振幅部分(m)的瞬时振幅值设置为十进制量化值“70”。在此情况中，M＝4，n＝5，并且对于j＝4，Kj＝0，则振幅映射部件210将首先把第32增益级的5位表示加载到放大器PA1和PA2的控制端。然后，振幅映射部件210将连续地把第32增益级的5位表示加载到放大器PA3的控制端，将第6增益级的5位表示(例如，00110)加载到放大器PA3的控制端，并且放大器PA4被偏置为‘关断’。
图3示出了描述用于设置各个放大器PA1-PAn的增益的过程300的流程图。如上面讨论的那样，在步骤310，振幅映射电路210首先将输入信号的振幅部分(m)量化。如果输入振幅信号的量化级大于单个放大器PA的增益控制范围(步骤320)，则该过程进行到使用多个放大器(步骤330)。然而，如果输入振幅信号的量化级小于单个放大器PA的增益控制范围(步骤320)，则直接设置该放大器的增益(步骤340)。显然，如果输入振幅信号的量化级大于单个放大器PA的增益控制范围，则在步骤340设置每个放大器的增益之前，将需要在步骤330选择某个数目的放大器。一旦设定了放大器的数目和每个放大器的增益，该过程就在步骤350输出所恢复的信号s(t)。所恢复的信号s(t)具有重新组合的振幅部分(m)和相位部分()。
使用以上示例，量化级“70”大于单个放大器PA的增益控制范围(例如0-32)。这样，必须使用多个放大器来实现该量化级。由于“70”至少可以被“32”除两(2)次，因此必须使用至少两个放大器PA。使用两个放大器实现量化级“64”，因而必须使用一个另外的放大器来实现另外的六(6)级。因此，前两个放大器(例如PA1、PA2)将具有增益32(最大增益)，并且第三放大器(例如PA3)将具有增益6。在以上示例中，放大器PA4对于实现量化级70不是必需的，因此其未被使用。
由数字增益控制电路200发出的输入控制信号221控制功率分配器250，以便相应地以所使用的放大器的数目来划分与正由数字振幅恢复电路200恢复的振幅分量的部分相对应的经载波调制的相位分量的部分的功率。例如，使用上述场景将导致在三(3)个不同的放大器(例如PA1-PA3)之间的功率划分。然而，前两个放大器(例如PA1、PA2)处于最大增益，并且因此应当接收比第三放大器(例如PA3)更多的经载波调制的相位分量的功率。功率分配器250将把输入信号的经载波调制的相位部分()均匀地分配给接通的放大器PA1-PAn。类似地，功率合成器240将结束该振幅恢复，并且传送如下式定义的调制和放大后的信号s(t)：
Figure A20048002716700081
其中，f是‘潜在噪声限制’要求所需的滤波器。如将由本领域普通技术人员理解的那样，对于不同的应用，‘潜在噪声限制’将是不同的。例如，在频分双工(FDD)无线系统(例如CDMA、WCDMA、WLAN)中，发射机和接收机同时操作。因此，与在时分双工(TDD)无线系统(例如GSM、TDMA)中相比，在FDD系统中，接收机波段中的发射机‘潜在噪声限制’要求更加严格。
尽管根据示例实施例描述了本发明，但是它不限于此。确切地说，所附权利要求应当被广泛地解释为包括在不背离本发明的范畴和本发明等同物的范围的情况下可由本领域技术人员做出的本发明的其它变体和实施例。

Claims (8)

1.一种装置，包括：
振幅映射电路，用于将振幅信号的至少一部分转换为二进制值；和，
多个放大器，耦接到振幅映射电路，
其中，将所述二进制值发送给所述多个放大器中的至少一个，以指定该放大器的增益级。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，还包括：
直角坐标-极坐标转换器，用于将信号转换为振幅和相位部分，并且用于将所述振幅部分发送到振幅映射电路。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置，还包括：
相位调制器，用于利用载波信号调制相位部分。
4.如权利要求2所述的装置，还包括：
混频器，用于利用载波信号调制相位部分。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，还包括：
至少一个增益控制源，用于将所述二进制值施加到所述多个放大器中的至少一个。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置，还包括：
输入匹配电路，耦接到所述多个放大器的各个输入；和
输出匹配电路，耦接到所述多个放大器的各个输出。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置，还包括：
至少一个增益控制源，耦接到所述多个放大器的至少一个的控制端。
8.一种用于处理信号的方法，包括以下步骤：
将信号分离成振幅和相位分量；
生成振幅分量的至少一部分的二进制表示；以及
响应于所生成的二进制表示而指定多个放大器之一的增益级。
CNA2004800271671A 2003-09-19 2004-09-17 用于线性调制信号放大和发送的自适应宽带数字放大器 Pending CN1853342A (zh)

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CN105932969A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-09-07 苏州能讯高能半导体有限公司 一种高效率功率放大器
CN105932969B (zh) * 2015-12-30 2018-12-21 苏州能讯高能半导体有限公司 一种高效率功率放大器
CN114450888A (zh) * 2019-07-04 2022-05-06 波罗·米格尔·德·阿林助·博尔热斯·蒙特祖马·德·卡瓦略 将多量化的数字控制的电源电压用于多放大器级

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