CN1843642A - 生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺 - Google Patents
生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1843642A CN1843642A CNA2006100397670A CN200610039767A CN1843642A CN 1843642 A CN1843642 A CN 1843642A CN A2006100397670 A CNA2006100397670 A CN A2006100397670A CN 200610039767 A CN200610039767 A CN 200610039767A CN 1843642 A CN1843642 A CN 1843642A
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- Prior art keywords
- high temperature
- waste
- brick
- biomass garbage
- temperature anaerobic
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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Abstract
生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺，其特征是主要包括源头分类、粉碎、制造多孔生物质垃圾砖、恒定高温厌氧发酵、沼气收集与发电、烟气处理、清理有机腐殖质、杀菌与烘干处理。本发明将生物质垃圾减容脱水制成多孔生物质垃圾砖并送入循环型高温厌氧反应器中，利用太阳能和生物质垃圾分解产出的沼气能提供本工艺正常运转需要的热能和电力。本发明方法使含量占城市生活垃圾78－87％的生物质垃圾高效资源化为沼气和无污染腐殖质，大幅度减少渗滤液和消除渗滤液有毒组分，实现能源供给的体内化和清洁化，改造一次性使用的垃圾填埋厂为多次周转使用的循环型高温厌氧反应器；可节约土地、持续循环使用。
Description
技术领域
：本发明涉及生活垃圾处理工艺，尤其是一种生活垃圾经源头分类所得生物质垃圾的生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺。
背景技术
：随着社会消费产品的丰富和多元化，以及城市化进程的加快，城市生活垃圾处理一直是政府最关心的难题之一。在发展循环经济国策的指导下，生活垃圾资源化再生循环利用是垃圾处理的唯一和必须的经济性路径。
目前，我国已授权的涉及生活垃圾处理工艺的专利技术有多项，如“一种小城镇的生活垃圾处理工艺”、“城市生活垃圾处理工艺”、“城市生活垃圾处理工艺及设备”等，但它们涉及的都是城市混合生活垃圾的处理，在实践应用中，或因为机械分拣的不彻底和高运行成本，或因为处理能力的限制，使它们无法替代最常规的两种生活垃圾处理工艺：垃圾填埋和垃圾焚烧发电。
垃圾填埋：最大优点是建造成本低，方便操作；缺点是大量占用土地，同时，随着混合渗滤液的无害化处理要求增加了大量运作成本，以及紧缺的城市土地资源形成的昂贵土地成本，特别是传统填埋场的填埋～报废的线型使用模式，不仅使大量紧缺的城市土地资源被废弃，抑或只能改良为绿化用地，而且使大量沼气资源因填埋场规模局限无法实现经济性应用，甚至是白白流失浪费；因此，垃圾填埋场浪费了很多资源，不是循环经济要求的经济性模式。
垃圾焚烧发电：最大优点是减容和资源再生，占地面积较小；但是，缺点是投资大，一般要5-10亿元人民币，除此之外，更大的不足表现在：(1)除上海、北京等极少数特大城市以外，我国的城市生活垃圾中含有78-87％的以菜叶、树叶、瓜皮、果壳、动物残余和剩菜饭为主的生物质垃圾，其高含水量和低热值使焚烧炉无法经济运行，甚至产生二恶英污染；(2)混合生活垃圾中含有的其他有用组分，常是地球上紧缺的非再生资源的加工产品，焚烧是线型处理模式，不能够实现其循环利用，会加剧该资源的枯竭，如大量的废塑料就是石油的加工产品，燃烧废塑料会使石油更加稀缺。
发明内容
：本发明为避免上述现有技术所存在的不足，提供一种生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺，使生活垃圾经源头分类所得的生物质垃圾资源化循环，以达到使含量80％以上的巨量生物质垃圾能够高效资源化，并实现将只能够周转一次的传统生活垃圾填埋厂脱胎换骨地改造成为能够循环使用的生物质垃圾资源化循环反应器，实现投资节约、运行成本节约、土地节约和持续循环使用的目的；同时实现使配给焚烧发电厂的废料热值提高，以降低发电运行成本。
本发明生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺，其技术方案的技术特征是，主要包括如下步骤：a)源头分类：对城市生活垃圾进行源头分类投放或源头分类分捡，得到生物质垃圾。
b)粉碎：用破碎机将生物质垃圾粉碎，得到粒径小于1cm的颗粒物。
c)制造多孔生物质垃圾砖：采用高压成型机对碎化的生物质垃圾实施高压挤压制成高密度生物质垃圾砖；并在所述生物质垃圾砖中钻孔形成不穿透垃圾砖的圆孔。
d)高温厌氧发酵：将所述生物质垃圾砖自动输入循环型高温厌氧反应器，使该垃圾砖在预设的停留时间和高温恒温的厌氧环境条件下进行发酵分解。
e)温度补给：为保证循环型高温厌氧反应器的恒定最适高温而对其进行的恒温控制和热量补给。
f)沼气收集与发电：对循环型高温厌氧反应器进行定时自动抽气保持负压，并将沼气送入收集罐内；通过收集罐给沼气发电设备提供沼气能源，沼气发电设备工作发出电能。
g)烟气处理：用湿式脱硫方法对由沼气燃烧产生的经冷却的烟气进行脱硫处理后再排放。
h)清理出有机腐殖质：从循环型高温厌氧反应器内清理出分解产生的稳定残余物——有机腐殖质。
i)杀菌与烘干处理：对从循环型高温厌氧反应器内清理出的有机腐殖质送入烘干机中利用沼气燃烧的烟气和温度补给系统的热水作为热源进行干燥，在干燥过程中进行紫外杀菌。
本发明特征还包括：所述生物质垃圾包括蔬菜残余物、树叶、瓜皮、果壳、动物残余、剩菜饭、以及含量不多的碎陶瓷、浮灰；所述生物质垃圾砖是密度为每立方米容纳未压生物质垃圾不低于6吨的生物质垃圾砖；所述生物质垃圾砖的钻孔深度以穿入80％垃圾砖厚度为宜；所述循环型高温厌氧反应器内的生物质垃圾循环输送方式采用水平传输和垂直提升；所述循环型高温厌氧反应器内的预设的恒定高温为35℃～80℃；所述循环型高温厌氧反应器内的热量补给方式采用太阳能和沼气发电废热联合构成的热水循环系统进行的热量补给；特征是所述热水循环系统是由太阳能热水装置给发电锅炉提供温度可达到90℃的热水，沼气燃烧加热锅炉提供发电所需的高温蒸汽，蒸汽发电机组产生的废热水和蒸汽经收集装置为设置于反应器内的热水传输传热装置提供热源，传输传热装置中的热水为有机腐殖质烘干装置提供热源，散热后的冷却水经水泵给太阳能热水装置提供循环水源。
与现有技术相比，本发明突出的有益效果体现在：1、本发明实现含量占城市生活垃圾78-87％的生物质垃圾的高效资源化，能够对生物质垃圾厌氧分解产生的沼气资源加以有效利用，能够大幅度减少该分解过程中产生的渗滤液，并消除了渗滤液的有毒组分使其成分简单化，能够使分解残留的腐殖质无污染而成为有机肥的原料，从而使传统上认为的不可回收的垃圾得到资源化循环利用，产出巨大经济效益。
2、本发明实现能源供给的体内化和清洁化，利用自产沼气和太阳能资源为本发明工艺提供热能和电力，从而不仅能够实现能源自给，而且能够通过出售能源获得收益。
3、本发明提供的循环型厌氧反应器能够将传统的一次性使用的垃圾填埋厂改造成为多次周转使用的反应器，实现生物质垃圾处理工艺的革命，从而达到节约城市土地和城市生物质垃圾处理工业化的目标。
附图说明
：附图为本发明工艺流程图。
以下通过具体实施方式，结合附图对本发明作进一步描述：具体实施方式：本发明生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺，其技术方案的技术特征是，主要包括如下步骤：1、源头分类：对城市生活垃圾进行源头分类投放或源头分类分捡，得到生物质垃圾。所述生物质垃圾包括蔬菜残余物、树叶、瓜皮、果壳、动物残余、剩菜饭、以及含量不多的碎陶瓷、浮灰等，其在城市生活垃圾中含量占78-87％。
2、粉碎：用破碎机将生物质垃圾粉碎，得到粒径小于1cm的颗粒物。
3、制造多孔生物质垃圾砖：采用高压成型机对碎化的生物质垃圾实施高压挤压制成高密度生物质垃圾砖；该生物质垃圾砖的密度是每立方米容纳未压生物质垃圾不低于6吨；在此过程中脱去生物质体内所含物理水的60-80％，由此，大幅度减少垃圾体积和垃圾发酵产出的渗滤液；并用高压钉针钻入所述的生物质垃圾砖制造不穿透该垃圾砖的园孔，孔深以穿入80％垃圾砖厚度为宜，以此来增大微生物利用垃圾砖的比表面积而又不使园孔很快被穿透，延长园孔内保持发酵液的时间，提高垃圾砖的发酵速度，缩短发酵停留时间。
4、高温厌氧发酵：将所述生物质垃圾砖自动输入循环型高温厌氧反应器，使该垃圾砖在预设的停留时间和高温恒温的厌氧环境条件下进行发酵分解。被送入循环型高温厌氧反应器的生物质垃圾砖，为有利于在其孔中储存分解液以加速垃圾分解而必须将垃圾砖带孔面向上放置；置于上述反应器内的所述生物质垃圾砖是由该反应器底部经水平传送机构自动送入，再根据预设时间用垂直升降提升机构进行自动梯级提升，这样，就持续保证了该反应器内上部的垃圾砖分解液，经重力下滴落入位于其底部的新送入的生物质垃圾砖的上表面，以实现自动对新送入的垃圾砖接种微生物菌苗。多余渗滤液收集排入城市污水收集管网，然后进入城市污水处理厂处理。
5、温度补给：为保证循环型高温厌氧反应器的恒定最适高温而对其进行的恒温控制和热量补给。所述恒定最适高温预设在35℃～80℃，以保证微生物的最大繁殖活性；所述恒温控制采用恒温控制电路进行的自动控制；所述热量补给方式采用太阳能和沼气发电废热联合构成的热水循环系统进行的热量补给；该热水循环系统由太阳能热水装置、发电锅炉、蒸汽与废热水收集装置、热水传输传热装置、有机腐殖质烘干装置和水泵组成；太阳能热水装置给发电锅炉提供温度可得到90℃的热水，沼气燃烧加热锅炉提供发电所需的高温蒸汽，蒸汽发电机组产生的废热水和蒸汽经收集装置为设置于反应器内的热水传输传热装置提供加热的热源，传输传热装置的冷却热水为有机腐殖质烘干装置提供干燥的热源，散热后的冷却水经水泵给太阳能热水装置提供循环水源，以此热水循环系统实现太阳能清洁能源和本发明工艺自产能源为本发明工艺提供运行的动力和能源，不仅能够免去采购电力和热源的成本，而且还能够创造巨大经济效益。
6、沼气收集与发电：对上述反应器进行定时自动抽气保持负压，保持负压只是为了防止沼气外泄，并将沼气送入收集罐内；通过收集罐给沼气发电设备提供沼气能源，沼气发电设备工作发出电能。所发电能不仅能够提供本发明工艺设备运行所需的动力，而且还能够外卖。
7、烟气处理：用湿式脱硫方法对由沼气燃烧产生的经冷却的烟气进行脱硫处理后再排放。
8、清理出有机腐殖质：从循环型高温厌氧反应器内清理出分解产生的稳定残余物——有机腐殖质。具体实施中，将位于循环型高温厌氧反应器最上部的经厌氧分解得到的稳定残余物——有机腐殖质，通过设置在该反应器最上部的水平传输机构自动将其输送出反应器；将洒落于反应器最底部的分解残余物用螺旋输送铲泥机自动将其输出反应器，然后将上述清出物一并送入有机腐殖质烘干装置。
9、杀菌与烘干处理：对从循环型高温厌氧反应器内清理出的有机腐殖质送入烘干机中利用沼气燃烧的烟气和温度补给系统的热水作为热源进行干燥，在干燥过程中进行紫外杀菌，干燥杀菌后直接出售或用来作为制备有机肥的原料。
Claims (8)
1.生物质垃圾资源化循环工艺，其特征是，主要包括如下步骤：a、源头分类：对城市生活垃圾进行源头分类投放或源头分类分捡，得到生物质垃圾；b、粉碎：用破碎机将生物质垃圾粉碎，得到粒径小于1cm的颗粒物；c、制造多孔生物质垃圾砖：采用高压成型机对破碎的生物质垃圾实施挤压制成高密度生物质垃圾砖；并在所述生物质垃圾砖中钻孔形成不穿透垃圾砖的圆孔。d、高温厌氧发酵：将所述生物质垃圾砖自动输入循环型高温厌氧反应器，使所述垃圾砖在预设的停留时间和恒定的高温厌氧环境条件下发酵分解；e、温度补给：为保证循环型高温厌氧反应器的恒定最适高温而对其进行的恒温控制和热量补给；f、沼气收集与发电：对循环型高温厌氧反应器定时自动抽气保持负压，并收集沼气送入沼气罐；以收集在沼气罐中的沼气作为发电设备的能源，沼气发电设备工作发出电能；g、烟气处理：采用湿式脱硫法对因沼气燃烧产生的经冷却的烟气进行脱硫处理后排放；h、清理有机腐殖质：从循环型高温厌氧反应器内清理出分解产生的稳定残余物--有机腐殖质；i、杀菌与烘干处理：将所述有机腐殖质送入烘干机中，利用沼气燃烧的烟气和温度补给系统的热水作为热源进行干燥，在干燥过程中进行紫外杀菌。
2.根据权利要求1所述循环工艺，其特征是所述生物质垃圾包括蔬菜残余物、树叶、瓜皮、果壳、动物残余、剩菜饭、以及少量的碎陶瓷、浮灰。
3.根据权利要求1所述循环工艺，其特征是所述生物质垃圾砖是密度为每立方米容纳未压生物质垃圾不低于6吨的生物质垃圾砖。
4.根据权利要求1所述循环工艺，其特征是所述步骤c对生物质垃圾砖的钻孔深度以穿入80％垃圾砖厚度为宜。
5.根据权利要求1所述循环工艺，其特征是所述循环型高温厌氧反应器内的生物质垃圾循环输送方式采用水平传输和垂直提升。
6.根据权利要求1所述循环工艺，其特征是所述循环型高温厌氧反应器内的预设的恒定高温为35℃～80℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述循环工艺，其特征是针对所述循环型高温厌氧反应器内的热量补给方式，采用太阳能和沼气发电废热联合构成的热水循环系统进行的热量补给。
8.根据权利要求7所述循环工艺，其特征是所述热水循环系统是由太阳能热水装置给发电锅炉提供温度可达到90℃的热水，沼气燃烧加热锅炉提供发电所需的高温蒸汽，蒸汽发电机组产生的废热水和蒸汽经收集装置为设置于反应器内的热水传输传热装置提供热源，传输传热装置中的热水为有机腐殖质烘干装置提供热源，散热后的冷却水经水泵给太阳能热水装置提供循环水源。
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| CN102632068A (zh) * | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-15 | 杭州布鲁斯凯环境科技有限公司 | 生活垃圾机械化、生物化和转运一体化处理工艺 |
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| CN106947785A (zh) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-14 | 重庆大学 | 使有机生活垃圾快速稳定并提升甲烷产率的填埋处置方法 |
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| CN112876020A (zh) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-01 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | 一种基于湿垃圾资源化利用的社区级能源供应系统及方法 |
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