CN1838456A - Direct spraying method for preparing fuel cell membrane electrode - Google Patents
Direct spraying method for preparing fuel cell membrane electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN1838456A CN1838456A CNA2006100352754A CN200610035275A CN1838456A CN 1838456 A CN1838456 A CN 1838456A CN A2006100352754 A CNA2006100352754 A CN A2006100352754A CN 200610035275 A CN200610035275 A CN 200610035275A CN 1838456 A CN1838456 A CN 1838456A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
This invention discloses a directly spraying to make fuel cell film electrode method, which mainly provides a film electrode method in which the electrode is unknit, catalyst layer is uniform, no swelling deforming, and the electrode output energy density is high. The method includes the following steps: preprocessing the ion exchange membrane firstly, then fixing it in a film fixing equipment, and then spraying cathodic and anodic catalyst paste onto the two sides of the ion exchange membrane, at last drying under lower temperature in vacuum. This invention is fit for the membrane electrode of the ion exchange membrane preparation filed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of fuel cell membrane electrode, particularly a kind of direct spraying prepares the method for fuel cell membrane electrode.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of device that can directly the chemical energy of fuel efficiently and cleanly be transformed into electric energy, and its importance is caught people's attention, and fuel cell technology is one of current the most key high and new technology.Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) but more start fast unique advantages such as room temperature-operating, no electrolyte loss, water are easily discharged, life-span length, specific power height with it, become the widest type of fuel cell of adaptability, have a wide range of applications as aspects such as electrical source of power, emergency power supply and base batteries in traffic, electronics, aviation, national defence field.
Membrane electrode (membrane and electrode assembly, be called for short MEA) be the core component of fuel cell, the sandwiched type structure assembly that is combined by polymer dielectric film, electrode catalyst and diffusion layer material plays key effect to the performance of PEMFC.The performance of MEA is except outside the Pass having with material, and is also closely related with structure.Therefore, by the preparation method who improves MEA its structure being optimized, is one of important channel of improving the MEA performance.
Early stage method is to be coated in uniformly on carbon paper or the carbon cloth after catalyst and PTFE emulsion are mixed, behind sintering under the high temperature about 340 ℃, dipping one deck perfluor sulfoacid resin solution (Nafion solution) and with proton exchange membrane hot pressing after obtain MEA.The weak point of described method is that Nafion can only dissolve in 10 μ m in the Catalytic Layer, causes the part catalyst not to be utilized, and high-temperature process also makes the part sintering of catalyst together, has reduced surface area.In addition because Catalytic Layer is different with the coefficient of expansion of film, shrink after the film dehydration cause the long back of battery working time easily the generation Catalytic Layer separate with film.
European Patent Publication No is the application case of EP 1137090, discloses a kind of arc discharge or sputter charcoal source of adopting and has produced the nano level metal particle deposition makes MEA to proton exchange membrane formation nanophase Catalytic Layer method.The Catalytic Layer thickness that this method makes is 10～100nm, and the loading of catalyst is 0.01～0.2mg/cm
2Described method reduces the thickness of Catalytic Layer greatly, improves the utilance of Pt, reduces the loading of Pt.In addition, its method is to finish under condition of no solvent, help environmental protection and can save drying time, but the weak point of its method is that Pt is in by the process of sputter, form fine and close Catalytic Layer easily, hinder gas and diffusion of protons, simultaneously its complex process, the requirement of instrument and operating technology than higher, is not suitable for large-scale application.
The Chinese patent publication number is the deposition process that 03118773.0 application case discloses a kind of chemistry, described method is with catalyst precursor and polymer dielectric wiring solution-forming, and this solution is applied to the polymer dielectric film surface, again the catalyst precursor in the film face coat is reduced into metal.The making that this method will not have catalyst-loaded preparation and electrode combines; catalyst precursor is reduced into metal under the protection of polymer dielectric; the catalyst granules that can prevent nano-scale takes place to reunite and sintering, obtains the catalyst of high degree of dispersion.Catalyst granules and the polymer dielectric that produces under this condition mixes simultaneously, can obtain the contact of fullest.The Catalytic Layer thickness that described method makes only is 10um, and the loading of Pt is 4mg/cm
2, reduced the Ohmic resistance of MEA, quickened the conduction of velocity of proton.The weak point of this method is that the use amount of sedimentation Pt is many, some ions are deposited simultaneously get off to poison electrode, when using arc deposited to the requirement of instrument than higher, complicated operation.
U.S. Patent Publication No. is respectively US5211984, the application case of US6847518 discloses a kind of transfer method, described method is coated onto the catalysis slurry on the transfer medium earlier, dry back is two transfer medium and hot pressing of a slice proton exchange membrane that scribble the cathode and anode catalyst respectively, obtain membrane electrode assembly after peeling off transfer medium, make MEA after loading onto carbon paper.This method has reduced the influence of solvent to proton exchange membrane; prepared Catalytic Layer is thinner; the monocell of assembling has than higher power density; but its weak point is that temperature and pressure is to film and influential to catalyst adhesive strength on film; and when hot pressing; the edge that film contacts with transfer medium usually can be destroyed owing to discontinuity.In addition, in transfer process,, make the utilance of catalyst descend because hot pressing makes the part catalyst be bonded on the transfer medium.Simultaneously, transfer medium often because hot pressing deforms and can not reuse, increases preparation cost.
The application of U.S. Patent Publication No. US5211984 discloses and a kind ofly will contain glycerine, TBA
+Catalysis slurry Deng solution is painted on Na
+Prepare membrane electrode assembly on the proton exchange membrane, membrane electrode assembly is immersed in makes Na in the dilution heat of sulfuric acid then
+The type proton conductive membrane becomes H
+Type is at last gas diffusion layers and membrane electrode assembly hot pressing and make the method for MEA.The advantage of described method is greatly to have reduced catalyst consumption, has improved the power density of battery, and its weak point is not use Na
+The type film increased the complexity of operating, and high temperature destroys the mechanical strength of film easily.Simultaneously, because TBA
+React with the ionic group in the film, influence the proton-conducting of film, be difficult to control.
It is dispersant with low boiling, low viscous alcohol that the application of Chinese patent publication number CN03139647.x discloses a kind of, is the method that surface that the catalyst pulp of stabilizer directly is coated in film makes MEA with higher boiling point, full-bodied alcohol, and described method adopts Na
+Type proton conductive exchange membrane has improved preparation temperature, has increased the conformability of catalyst and film, adopts high boilingly 1, and the 2-propylene glycol soaks Na
+Character electronic conduction film, reduced of the influence of swelling phenomenon to MEA, but its weak point is that the preparation process of described method is cumbersome, use propylene glycol to increase the use of organic solvent, and the film behind the immersion propylene glycol can not be eliminated the influence of swelling phenomenon to MEA fully, in dry run, become fragile easily simultaneously, influence the mechanical strength of film.
The Jiang Qi loyalty, Ma Zifeng (chemical industry journal, 2004,55 (3): 488-492) disclose and a kind ofly make solvent, directly used H with isopropyl alcohol
+The type film with the fixing film of vacuum system, is transferred to the method for preparing MEA on the proton exchange membrane to the catalysis slip, and its weak point is to use fixedly film of vacuum system, has increased the complexity of operation, and the swelling that is difficult to eliminate film simultaneously takes place.
After the nineties in 20th century, people make proton exchange membrane core component membrane electrode assembly by directly catalyst being coated on the proton exchange membrane, described method can improve the utilance of catalyst, reduce the use amount of noble metal, reduce manufacturing cost, reduce the thickness of Catalytic Layer, improve mass-transfer efficiency, reduce hot pressing to the destruction of film with reduce therefore and the increase of the internal resistance of cell that produces, simplify preparation process, enhance productivity, but its weak point is a catalyst pulp when being coated on the proton exchange membrane, often causes the swelling and the gross distortion of film.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of direct spraying to prepare the method for fuel cell membrane electrode, and the membrane electrode of described method preparation has smooth, and catalyst layer is even, the high advantage of electrode output energy density.
The method that direct spraying of the present invention prepares fuel cell membrane electrode comprises the steps:
(1) proton exchange membrane preliminary treatment: it is the hydrogen peroxide solution of 3～5% weight that proton exchange membrane is placed concentration, after handling 1～2 hour under 70～100 ℃ the constant temperature, with redistilled water it is cleaned up, under 70～90 ℃ constant temperature, place the sulfuric acid solution of 0.5mol/L to handle it again, fix with the film fixture after with redistilled water then its washes clean, and under vacuum in 60 ℃ dry 2～5 hours;
(2) preparation cathod catalyst slurry: the Pt/C catalyst is joined in the perfluor sulfoacid resin solution that concentration is % weight (Nafion solution), add redistilled water and isopropyl alcohol again, perhaps add ptfe emulsion (Telfon emulsion) and isopropyl alcohol, in ultrasonic wave, disperse to make in 15～30 minutes the cathod catalyst slurry then;
(3) preparation anode catalyst slurry: Pt/C, PtRu/C or Pt/CNT catalyst are joined in the perfluor sulfoacid resin solution that concentration is 5% weight (Nafion solution), add redistilled water and isopropyl alcohol again, perhaps add ptfe emulsion (Telfon emulsion) and isopropyl alcohol, in ultrasonic wave, disperse to make in 15～30 minutes the anode catalyst slurry then;
(4) preparation membrane electrode (MEA): under illumination condition, the cathod catalyst slurry of step (2) preparation is sprayed to the one side of the proton exchange membrane of handling through step (1) with spray gun, after spraying is finished, use the same method and the anode catalyst slurry of step (3) preparation is sprayed to the another side of described proton exchange membrane, obtain being coated with film (the catalyst coated membrane of catalyst, be called for short CCM), with membrane electrode assembly under vacuum in 60 ℃ after dry 30 minutes, 90 ℃ of dryings 1 minute;
Pt/C catalyst described in the step (2) is 3～1: 1～3 with the ratio of the weight of Nafion solution usage, and redistilled water or Telfon emulsion are 1: 20～100 with the ratio of the consumption volume of isopropyl alcohol;
Pt/CNT catalyst described in the step (3) is 3～1: 1～3 with the ratio of the weight of Nafion solution usage, and redistilled water or Telfon emulsion are 1: 20～100 with the ratio of the consumption volume of isopropyl alcohol.
Preferred version is as follows:
Proton exchange membrane described in the step (1) is a H type proton exchange membrane.
The framework that film fixture described in the step (1) adopts the square frame by two hollows to constitute.
Described in the step (2) in the Pt/C catalyst Pt content be 20～50% weight.
In the catalyst, its Pt content is 20～50% weight described in the step (3).
Spray gun described in the step (4) adopts the stainless steel spray gun of compressed air, nitrogen or inert gas.
Infrared light, high voltage mercury lamp radiation are adopted in illumination described in the step (4).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) method of the present invention is easy to operate, directly uses H type film, and used solution system is simple, need not carry out pre-swelling treatment or Na to film
+Exchange is handled, and does not use fixedly film of vacuum system, and in the process of preparation MEA, swelling and metaboly take place film hardly.
(2) MEA of method preparation of the present invention can realize drying at low temperatures, does not need hot pressing, has reduced the destruction to film, has simplified preparation process, has reduced cost of equipment, and simultaneously, prepared MEA deposits simply, and is easy to use, the production of can magnifying;
(3) the present invention can prepare that electrode is smooth, swelling set evenly, does not take place catalyst layer, the high membrane electrode of electrode output energy density.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention, among the figure: infrared lamp 1, spray gun 2, catalyst pulp 3, film fixture 4, proton exchange membrane 5, membrane electrode 6.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the film fixture used among the present invention, among the figure: proton exchange membrane 5, preceding frame fixed head 7, after-frame fixed head 8, framework hollow space 9.
The MEA that Fig. 3 makes for embodiment 1 is assembled into the polarization curve and the power density diagram of monocell, among the figure :--expression polarization curve ,-■-expression power density diagram.
The MEA that Fig. 4 makes for embodiment 2 is assembled into the polarization curve and the power density diagram of monocell, among the figure :--expression polarization curve ,-■-expression power density diagram.
Fig. 5 is the performance comparison diagram of embodiment 3 and the obtained membrane electrode of comparative example, among the figure: and the performance curve of the membrane electrode that makes among-△-expression embodiment 3 ,-▲-performance curve of the membrane electrode that expression makes among the comparative example.
The MEA that Fig. 6 makes for embodiment 4 is assembled into the polarization curve and the power density diagram of monocell, among the figure :--expression polarization curve ,-■-expression power density diagram.
The MEA that Fig. 7 makes for embodiment 5 is assembled into the polarization curve and the power density diagram of monocell, among the figure :--expression polarization curve ,-■-expression power density diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, and the present invention is not limited to this.
Method of the present invention after preliminary treatment, is fixed in proton exchange membrane 5 in the film fixture 4 as shown in Figure 1, under infrared light 1 irradiation, respectively anode and cathod catalyst slurry 3 is sprayed on the two sides of proton exchange membrane 5 and makes membrane electrode 6 with spray gun 2.
The film fixture that the present invention uses is made up of preceding frame fixed head 7, after-frame fixed head 8 as shown in Figure 2, preceding frame fixed head 7 and after-frame fixed head 8 hollows, and the area of its hollow space 9 is definite according to the area of required fixing proton exchange membrane.The film fixture is used aluminium, iron, alfer, glass, polymethyl methacrylate, and other hard materials are made.
Embodiment 1
(1) proton exchange membrane preliminary treatment
Nafionl 12 films of a slice 4cm * 4cm are placed the hydrogen peroxide solution of 3～5% weight, under 80 ℃ of constant temperature, handled 1 hour, after the redistilled water cleaning, under 80 ℃ of constant temperature, place the sulfuric acid solution of 0.5mol/L to handle again, use the redistilled water washes clean then, (the mid portion area is 5cm with the film fixture
2) fixing after, under 60 ℃ of vacuum conditions dry 2 hours.
(2) preparation cathod catalyst slurry
Take by weighing 14mg Pt/C catalyst (Pt content is 20% weight) and place bottle, add the 10mg deionized water earlier, add 100mg 5% weight Nafion solution and 1ml isopropyl alcohol then, ultrasonic dispersion made the cathod catalyst slurry in 30 minutes.
(3) preparation anode catalyst slurry
Take by weighing 14mg Pt/CNT catalyst (Pt content is 20% weight) and place bottle, add the 10mg deionized water earlier, add 100mg 5% weight Nafion solution (containing nafion 5mg) and 1.5ml isopropyl alcohol then, ultrasonic dispersion made the anode catalyst slurry in 30 minutes.
(4) preparation membrane electrode
Adjust spray gun driving gas pressure less than 0.1Mpa, under the infrared light irradiation, the cathod catalyst slurry for preparing in the step (2) is sprayed on the one side of Nafion 112 films that step (1) is handled, obtain cathode catalysis layer; After treating that liquid in the spray gun has sprayed, use the same method will step (3) in the anode catalyst slurry of preparation spray to the another side of the Nafion112 film of handling through step (1), obtain the anode catalyst coating.After coating is finished with sample 60 ℃ of following vacuumizes 30 minutes, then under 90 ℃ of vacuum dry 1 minute, promptly finish manufacturing process.Stick on the two sides of electrode and to carry out the pretreated gas diffusion layers of hydrophobic (carbon paper) in advance, promptly can be assembled into monocell.
In the preparation process, swelling and metaboly do not take place in film.Obtain that electrode is smooth, swelling set evenly, does not take place catalyst layer, the high membrane electrode of electrode output energy density.
The performance of the monocell that the membrane electrode that is made by present embodiment is assembled as shown in Figure 3.
(1) proton exchange membrane of selecting for use and proton exchange membrane preliminary treatment thereof are with embodiment 1.
(2) preparation cathod catalyst slurry
(2) preparation cathod catalyst slurry
Take by weighing 14mg Pt/C catalyst (Pt content is 20% weight) and place bottle, add the 10mg deionized water earlier, add 100mg 5% weight Nafion solution then, the Teflon emulsion of 50mg 6.6% weight, and the 1ml isopropyl alcohol, ultrasonic dispersion made the cathod catalyst slurry in 30 minutes.
(3) preparation anode catalyst slurry
Take by weighing 7mg Pt/CNT catalyst (Pt content is 33% weight) and place bottle, add the 10mg deionized water earlier, add 142mg 5% weight Nafion solution (containing nafion 7mg) then, the Teflo emulsion of 50mg 6.6% weight, with the 1.5ml isopropyl alcohol, ultrasonic dispersion made the anode catalyst slurry in 30 minutes.
(4) preparation membrane electrode
The basic step of preparation is with embodiment 1.In the preparation process, swelling and metaboly do not take place in film.Obtain that electrode is smooth, swelling set evenly, does not take place catalyst layer, the high membrane electrode of electrode output energy density.
The performance of the monocell that the membrane electrode that is made by present embodiment is assembled as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 3
(1) the selected proton exchange membrane and the preliminary treatment of proton exchange membrane are with embodiment 1.
(2) preparation cathod catalyst slurry
Take by weighing 20mg Pt/C catalyst (Pt content is 20% weight) and place a bottle, add the 5mg redistilled water earlier, add 142mg 5% weight Nafion solution then, and the 3ml isopropyl alcohol, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.
(3) preparation anode catalyst slurry
Take by weighing 20mg Pt/CNT catalyst (Pt content is 20% weight) and place bottle, add the 0.05ml redistilled water earlier, add 142mg 5% weight Nafion solution then, and the 3ml isopropyl alcohol, ultrasonic dispersion 30 minutes.
(4) preparation membrane electrode
The spraying of catalyst layer and drying means are with embodiment 1.In the preparation process, swelling and metaboly do not take place in film.Obtain that electrode is smooth, swelling set evenly, does not take place catalyst layer, the high membrane electrode of electrode output energy density.
The performance of the monocell that the membrane electrode that is made by present embodiment is assembled as shown in Figure 5.
The comparative example
According to the common method that gas diffusion layers prepares MEA that is coated with, take by weighing 20mg 20% weight Pt/C catalyst, add the 5mg redistilled water earlier, add 142mg 5% weight Nafion solution then, 0.4ml isopropyl alcohol, ultrasonic dispersion 40 minutes, preparation cathod catalyst slurry; Take by weighing 20mg 20% weight Pt/C catalyst simultaneously, order adds the 5mg redistilled water, 142mg 5% weight Nafion solution, and 0.4ml isopropyl alcohol, and ultrasonic wave disperseed 40 minutes, prepared anode-catalyzed slurry.
Respectively cathod catalyst slurry and anode catalyst slurry are coated on the gas diffusion layers, obtain negative electrode and anode two electrodes after the drying.Two electrodes and a prior pretreated Nafion112 film are lumped together, and at 115 ℃, hot pressing gets membrane electrode under the 5MPa condition.
The performance of embodiment 3 and the obtained membrane electrode of comparative example is compared, and as shown in Figure 5, the performance of the membrane electrode that embodiment 3 is prepared is obviously than the superior performance of the membrane electrode of conventional method preparation.
Remove the Pt/CNT catalyst that anode catalyst adopts alternative 20% weight of Pt/C catalyst of 50% weight, other institutes are in steps with embodiment 1.In the preparation process, swelling and metaboly do not take place in film.Obtain that electrode is smooth, swelling set evenly, does not take place catalyst layer, the high membrane electrode of electrode output energy density.
The monocell performance of the membrane electrode assembling that makes is seen Fig. 6
Embodiment 5.
Substitute the Pt/CNT catalyst except that anode catalyst adopts PtRu/CNT, replace outside the infrared lamp with high-pressure mercury lamp, other institutes are identical with embodiment 1 in steps.In the preparation process, swelling and metaboly do not take place in film.Obtain that electrode is smooth, swelling set evenly, does not take place catalyst layer, the high membrane electrode of electrode output energy density.
The performance of the monocell of the membrane electrode assembling that present embodiment makes is seen Fig. 7.
Claims (7)
1. one kind directly sprays the method for preparing fuel cell membrane electrode, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) proton exchange membrane preliminary treatment: it is the hydrogen peroxide solution of 3～5% weight that proton exchange membrane is placed concentration, after handling 1～2 hour under 70～100 ℃ the constant temperature, with redistilled water it is cleaned up, under 70～90 ℃ constant temperature, place the sulfuric acid solution of 0.5mol/L to handle it again, fix with the film fixture after with redistilled water then its washes clean, and under vacuum in 60 ℃ dry 2～5 hours;
(2) preparation cathod catalyst slurry: the Pt/C catalyst is joined in the perfluor sulfoacid resin solution that concentration is % weight (Nafion solution), add redistilled water and isopropyl alcohol again, perhaps add ptfe emulsion (Telfon emulsion) and isopropyl alcohol, in ultrasonic wave, disperse to make in 15～30 minutes the cathod catalyst slurry then;
(3) preparation anode catalyst slurry: Pt/C, PtRu/C or Pt/CNT catalyst are joined in the perfluor sulfoacid resin solution that concentration is 5% weight (Nafion solution), add redistilled water and isopropyl alcohol again, perhaps add ptfe emulsion (Telfon emulsion) and isopropyl alcohol, in ultrasonic wave, disperse to make in 15～30 minutes the anode catalyst slurry then;
(4) preparation membrane electrode (MEA): under illumination condition, the cathod catalyst slurry of step (2) preparation is sprayed to the one side of the proton exchange membrane of handling through step (1) with spray gun, after spraying is finished, use the same method and the anode catalyst slurry of step (3) preparation is sprayed to the another side of described proton exchange membrane, obtain being coated with film (the catalyst coated membrane of catalyst, be called for short CCM), with membrane electrode assembly under vacuum in 60 ℃ after dry 30 minutes, 90 ℃ of dryings 1 minute;
Pt/C catalyst described in the step (2) is 3～1: 1～3 with the ratio of the weight of Nafion solution usage, and redistilled water or Telfon emulsion are 1: 20～100 with the ratio of the consumption volume of isopropyl alcohol;
Pt/CNT catalyst described in the step (3) is 3～1: 1～3 with the ratio of the weight of Nafion solution usage, and redistilled water or Telfon emulsion are 1: 20～100 with the ratio of the consumption volume of isopropyl alcohol.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the proton exchange membrane described in the step (1) is a H type proton exchange membrane.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the framework that the film fixture described in the step (1) adopts the square frame by two hollows to constitute.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described in the step (2) that Pt content is 20～50% weight in the Pt/C catalyst.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that described in the step (3) that in the catalyst, its Pt content is 20～50% weight.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that spray gun described in the step (4) adopts the stainless steel spray gun of compressed air, nitrogen or inert gas.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that the employing of illumination described in the step (4) infrared light, high voltage mercury lamp radiation.
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