CN1836366A - 用于为一网络提供交流电的方法及反相器 - Google Patents

用于为一网络提供交流电的方法及反相器 Download PDF

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CN1836366A
CN1836366A CNA2004800232253A CN200480023225A CN1836366A CN 1836366 A CN1836366 A CN 1836366A CN A2004800232253 A CNA2004800232253 A CN A2004800232253A CN 200480023225 A CN200480023225 A CN 200480023225A CN 1836366 A CN1836366 A CN 1836366A
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inverter
voltage
network
current
sin
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CN100461605C (zh
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罗兰德·切斯那克
杰拉德·艾高
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Siemens AG Oesterreich
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/30—The power source being a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

本发明关于一种用于为一网络(NET)提供交流电的方法，根据本方法利用一反相器(WER)，将其输出端连接至网络即可将一直流电转换为带有市电频率的交流电。测量终端电压(u(t))并对反相器(WER)的输出电流(i(t))进行调节，即使其基本上相应于平方正弦电流功率P0sin2 (ωt)与终端电压(u(t))的商，即i(t)＝P0sin2 (ωt)/u(t)。

Description

用于为一网络提供交流电的方法及反相器
本发明关于一种用于为一网络提供交流电的方法，根据本方法利用一反相器，将其输出端连接至网络，即可将一直流电压转换为带有市电频率的交流电压。
本发明亦关于一用于将直流电压电源的输入直流电压转换为带有市电频率的输出交流电压的反相器，其输出端连接至一交流电网络的终端，以由直流电压电源向该网络供电。
特别是用于所谓的代用能源，例如输出相对较小，在千瓦范围内或以下的太阳能或燃料电池，其使用高效能电子反相器。由于低峰值电流输出的关系，此等反相器展示出一电流电源作用，即其被控制以将正弦电流传输至网络。
另一方面，通常作为网络主要供电的发电站的直流发电机展示出电压电源的作用，即为网络供应一带有市电频率的正弦电压。
带有用电设备的网络，由电源所见未展示出纯欧姆作用，反而具有电容性和电感性组件。另外，带有用电设备的网络并不形成线性阻抗，此亦即本发明的目的。非线性造成变形电压与电流，并因此造成市电频率的谐波。这意味着为网络供电的发电机及变压器必须亦提供带有多路市电频率，例如150赫兹的电流。例如在使用带有低内部电阻的三相发电机的情况下即可实现，但这造成了发电机和变压器的额外损耗，其根据市电频率而定，例如50赫兹市电频率。因此，需要使这些在发电机中在高频率时由铜消耗及铁消耗导致的额外损耗尽量减少。
然而，来自大量接于太阳能装置或燃料电池上的小反相器的额外电源会将前述问题恶化。如已提出的，此种小型或迷你或微型的供电装置的反相器在网络中提供一带有市电频率的正弦电流，因此其不能满足网络中带有多路市电频率的电流部分的要求。
然而，因此具有三相发电机的实际发电站又因处于谐波的范围而有所负荷，其进一步降低了发电机的效率。
本发明的一个目的即为解决上述问题，即当使用具有交流电压变压器的小型电流供电设备时减少谐波对实际发电站的负荷。
此目的利用开始提到的方法即可达到，其中根据本发明终端电压(u(t))及反相器的输出电流用以下方法进行控制，即使其相应于平方正弦波形的瞬时功率P0sin2(ωt)与终端电压u(t)的商，即i(t)＝P0sin2(ωt)/u(t)。
由于本发明，电源电流的谐波被传输至网络，因此可减轻发电站的谐波负荷。
此目的亦可用一目前已知类型的反相器通过同样的方法达到，其中根据本发明对终端处的输出电流i(t)进行控制，以作为所测终端电压u(t)的一个函数，使其基本上相应于平方正弦波形的瞬时功率P0sin2(ωt)及终端电压u(t)的商，即i(t)＝P0sin2(ωt)/u(t)。
此等反相器特别适合用于由代用能源，例如太阳能或燃料电池为网络供电。
本发明及其他优点，将在下面根据实施例做详细解释，在图示中亦对其进行了描述。图中，
图1以图表形式显示出网络、其用电设备及两电源的相等电路图，及
图2显示出本发明利用一反相器的可用触发电路的方法的实现可能性。
根据图1，用电设备需要供电，其共同形成一非线性阻抗X(t)，其中电压与电流之间的关连，例如在半导体体积元件中，为非线性的。用电设备由一供电网络NET供电，其在本案中包括一交流电压电源G，其与一电感器L及一欧姆电阻器R串联。交流电压电源G可如常地为热发电站或水力发电站的三相发电机或发电机组。一典型的市电电阻R的值可处于十分之一欧姆的范围内，一市电电感器L的值处于一毫亨范围内。市电电容器未被示出，因为其不具重要意义。
用电设备VER亦由代用能源或提供瓦或千瓦范围电能的迷你或微型电站向网络NET供电。其可为动电太阳能装置或燃料电池，其直流电UDC通过一反相器WER被传输进入网络达至用电设备VER。
本发明并通过反相器提供一特殊类型的输入，其在本案中亦以一已知方式提供一市电频率交流电压u(t)及一随附的交流电i(t)。更精确地说，对反相器WER的输出电流i(t)进行控制，使其基本上相应于瞬时功率P0sin2(ωt)与终端电压u(t)的商。因此下列公式可被应用：i(t)＝P0sin2(ωt)/u(t)。
如果对反相器的输出电流i(t)以此方式进行控制，此类电流供应装置亦可将谐波传输至网络或用电设备，这可使谐波对三相发电机的负荷减少。亦需注意的是，标准反相器事实上将一恒定电流由所述的迷你或微型供电设备传输进入网络。
由根据本发明所提供的电流控制开始，对于熟知此技术的人来说具有多个实现可能性。为此目的，根据图2对一实施例进行了解释。
如图2所示，假设一反相器WER的输出电流可分，这对于已知的电反相器不成问题。
用一电压感应器SPS对反相器WER的终端电压u(t)进行检测，其提供一信号k2.u(t)。
在触发电路中，用一倍增器M1将交流电压电源Q的开始信号sin(ωt)放大，其以sin2(ωt)的形式提供信号。再用第二倍增器M2以一参考功率值Psoll将此信号倍大且接收的信号到达一加法或减法整流器DIF的输入端，其输出信号ΔP(t)被提供给一控制放大器REV。
控制放大器REV的输出电流I(t)到达一第三倍增器M3的输入端，交流电压电源Q的输出信号被提供至该倍增器的其他输入端。信号I(t)sin(ωt)＝k1i(t)作为倍增器M3的输出信号被提供至反相器WER的电流输入端。另外，此信号及前面提到的电压信号k2.u(t)到达第四倍增器M4的两个输入端，其对实际功率Pist(t)进行检测并将其提供至加法或减法整流器DIF的输入端。
上述实施例描述了一实现可能性。事实上尚有许多其他的解决方法。特别是，亦可用微处理器以数字方式进行控制。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于为一网络(NET)提供交流电的方法，根据本方法利用一反相器(WER)并使其输出端与网络连接，即可将一直流电压转换为带有市电频率的交流电压，
其中
测量终端电压(u(t))并控制反相器(WER)的输出电流(i(t))，使其基本上相应于平方正弦波形的瞬时功率P0sin2(ωt)及终端电压(u(t))的商，即i(t)＝P0sin2(ωt)/u(t)。
2.一用于将一直流电压电源的输入直流电压(UDC)转换为带有市电频率的输出交流电压(u(t))的反相器(WER)，将其输出端连接至一交流电网(NET)的终端以由直流电压电源为网络供电，
其中
终端的输出电流(i(t))被控制作为所测终端电压(u(t))的一个函数，使其基本上相应于平方正弦波形的瞬时功率P0sin2(ωt)及终端电压(u(t))的商，即i(t)＝P0sin2(ωt)/u(t)。
3.如权利要求2中所描述的反相器(WER)，用于由代用能源，例如太阳能或燃料电池为一网络供电。
CNB2004800232253A 2003-08-13 2004-07-26 用于为一网络提供交流电的方法及反相器 Expired - Fee Related CN100461605C (zh)

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US20060181907A1 (en) 2006-08-17
EP1654798A1 (de) 2006-05-10

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