CN1819395A - Evenly charging method and charger for serial batteries - Google Patents
Evenly charging method and charger for serial batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN1819395A CN1819395A CNA2006100342841A CN200610034284A CN1819395A CN 1819395 A CN1819395 A CN 1819395A CN A2006100342841 A CNA2006100342841 A CN A2006100342841A CN 200610034284 A CN200610034284 A CN 200610034284A CN 1819395 A CN1819395 A CN 1819395A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The device consists of charger, charging switch, equalizer, current direction detector, controller and battery back composed of two batteries connected each other in series. The each battery composing battery pack is connected to an equalizer in parallel. The equalizers are connected in series. One of two equalizers located at most outside is connected to switch of charging, and the other one is connected to current direction detector. The charge switch and current direction detector are respectively connected to the charger. The controller is separately connected to the charge switch and current direction detector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery boosting technology field, particularly relate to a kind of balanced charging method and device thereof of series battery.
Background technology
For enough voltage is provided to power consumption equipment, usually need be by a plurality of batteries battery pack that is in series.But, since the accuracy of manufacture, the factor of technology controlling and process and detection means, and parameters such as internal resistance between the different batteries, capacity, self-discharge rate unavoidably have certain difference.This species diversity causes the total capacity of power brick to be limited by the capacity in light current pond.If do not take balanced measure, through charge and discharge cycles repeatedly, this species diversity can further enlarge, and the power brick total capacity is further reduced.For example, it is 4.2V that lithium battery is full of voltage, and emptying voltage is 2.5V; in the series battery, always reach at first during the charging of light current pond and be full of voltage, always reach emptying voltage during discharge at first; this two states all can make the battery protecting circuit action, and cut-off loop stops the charge or discharge process.This shows that other battery is in the state that is not full of and does not have emptying all the time in the battery pack, capacity is not fully utilized, and can not bring into play its maximum effect.Simultaneously light current pond experience is filled the circulation of putting entirely entirely, and performance degradation speed is faster than other battery, and through after the charge and discharge cycles repeatedly, difference has cumulative effect, thereby the power brick total capacity is further reduced.For this reason, need carry out equalizing charge to series battery.
The existing technical scheme that series battery is carried out equalizing charge mainly contains three kinds:
1, by-pass current method.
As shown in Figure 1, to series battery by battery B
1, B
2... B
nForm, wherein every batteries is provided with bypass resistance R
1, R
2... R
nWith by-pass switch S
1, S
2... .S
n, resistance and switch series connection, each by-pass switch is connected with controller, and controller detects the voltage of every batteries in real time.(for example: in the time of 10mV), the by-pass switch of the higher battery correspondence of controller opens voltage is discharged to this battery by bypass resistance, plays shunting action simultaneously, reduces the charging current to this battery when any two batteries voltage differences surpass a certain set point.For example: controller detects every batteries B in the series battery in real time
1, B
2... B
n, at a time detect B
2More than the high 10mV of voltage ratio B1 voltage, the by-pass switch S of controller opens B2 correspondence
2, connect bypass resistance R
2To battery B
2Discharge, simultaneously, because R
2Shunting action, charger is to B
2Charging current be reduced to (I-I from I
2).As seen, equalizing circuit has delayed the voltage charging rate of high battery, and inoperative to other battery, thereby all are charged battery balancedly.But there is following shortcoming in this scheme: (1) portfolio effect is poor, and generally, bypass resistance is because of the restriction of heat radiation, and power can not be set too big, and discharge and shunting action are limited, and when by-pass switch was opened, charger still charged to battery, did not stop; (2) scalability is poor, all battery units all need to connect voltage signal and the by-pass switch control signal cable controller to Centroid, when changing battery assembly module quantity, need the design of change controller, such as changing voltage sample passage and by-pass switch control channel; (3) control circuit complexity, the cost height.Because controller needs accurately to detect the voltage of every batteries, must adopt AD converter part (analogue-to-digital converters spare) that the analog voltage signal of battery is converted to digital signal delivers to CPU (central processing unit) system and calculates, result needs to increase isolated drive circuit with switching value output control by-pass switch.Every like this batteries need take an AD passage and a switching value passage, when number of batteries increases, circuit complexity and cost is increased greatly.To the above high voltage applications occasion of 24V of the above battery series connection of 7 joints, consider the voltage ability to bear of AD converter part, also need to increase complicated isolation voltage testing circuit.
2, switch mise-a-la-masse method.
As shown in Figure 2, different with the by-pass current method is, the discharging and recharging of every batteries is not separately by a by-pass switch control, but by adjacent two switches control, bypass circuit does not have resistance yet.Controller and switch S
1, S
2... .S
nConnect, the output of charger also is connected with switch, and through the switch handover network, in turn every batteries is charged.Because the charge power supply of all batteries can guarantee that the voltage that is full of of all batteries is on all four, thereby reach balanced purpose from same charger.For example: at time period T
1, controller makes battery B
1Corresponding switch S
1And S
2Connect, other switch disconnects, and charger is to battery B
1Charging; At time period T
2, controller makes battery B
2Corresponding switch S
2And S
3Connect, other switch disconnects, and charger is to battery B
2Charging, so circulation is carried out, and finishes until all battery charge.Switch mise-a-la-masse method and can reach extraordinary equalizing charge effect, but also have the following disadvantages: (1) switch handover network quantity is many, and control is complicated, the cost height, and reliability is low; (2) charger in the section, only charges to a batteries sometime, and charge efficiency is low; (3) only to batteries charging, voltage must be set in about 4.2V charger, for high capacity cell, must very big charging current, and this low-voltage, high-current situation can cause the charger conversion efficiency low, and heating is serious, the cost height; (4) scalability is poor, increases the design that battery need be changed controller.
3, independent mise-a-la-masse method.
As shown in Figure 3, to every batteries B
1, B
2... B
nA charger is set separately, charges separately.Because battery charges separately,, just can reach the purpose of equalizing charge as long as each charger voltage is adjusted.Mise-a-la-masse method control is the simplest separately, and equalizing charge is respond well, and expansion is convenient, but has the following disadvantages: (1) needs to use a plurality of chargers, the cost height, and volume is big, particularly the many situations of series-connected cell quantity; (2) only to batteries charging, voltage must be set in about 4.2V charger, for high capacity cell, must very big charging current, and this low-voltage, high-current situation can cause the charger conversion efficiency low, and heating is serious.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and make original unbalanced battery pack through the equilibrium fully that becomes after once charging, and circuit is simple, controller adopts bus type, be easy to expansion, the balanced charging device of the series battery that overall cost is low.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of balanced charging method that said apparatus is realized series battery of using.
Purpose of the present invention realizes by following technology:
A kind of balanced charging device of series battery, comprise charger, charge switch, controller and the battery pack and equalizer and the current direction detector that are composed in series by at least two batteries, every batteries of described composition battery pack equalizer in parallel, corresponding with series battery, each equalizer is connected in series, one is connected with charge switch in two equalizers of outermost end, and another is connected with current direction detector, and charge switch is connected with charger respectively with current direction detector; The input of described each equalizer connects, and is connected with the output of controller, and the output of each equalizer connects, and is connected with the input of controller, and described controller also is connected with current direction detector with charge switch respectively.
Described equalizer comprises power control switch, voltage comparator, reference voltage source and discharge circuit, voltage comparator positive input terminal and equalizer anode in parallel be connected, negative input end is connected with reference voltage source, voltage comparator also is connected with controller with power control switch, discharge circuit respectively and is connected, the output of described voltage comparator is the output of equalizer, and the input of power control switch is the input of equalizer.Described power control switch is preferably field effect transistor (MOSEFT) or relay.
Described current direction detector mainly is made up of current sampling resistor and voltage comparator, the positive and negative two ends of voltage comparator are connected with the current sampling resistor two ends respectively, its output is connected with controller, and current sampling resistor one end is connected with charger, and the other end is connected with battery pack with equalizer.Voltage comparator is judged the sense of current according to the voltage on the current sampling resistor of charge circuit series connection, and output signal makes controller can discern the charging and the discharge two states of battery.
Described controller is made up of a 89C52 single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit, and the situation of the sense of current and two input signals of balanced action is judged, produces two output signal control equalizers of charge switch control and the control of equalizer power supply and charge switch action.
A kind of series battery balanced charging method comprises the steps:
(1) earlier to the controller power-up initializing, connect charge switch then, current direction detector detects the sense of current, judges whether to be in charged state, if, carried out for (2) step, otherwise, circular wait entered; Described controller power-up initializing is exactly after controller powers on, and each register in the controller is carried out initialization.
(2) controller opens charge switch and keep a period of time T, charge closing switch then; T is preferably 10～180 seconds
(3) connect the voltage comparator power supply by controller by the power control switch in the equalizer, voltage comparator by detect battery voltage value in parallel, and with the threshold voltage of the setting of reference voltage source relatively, if battery voltage value is greater than the threshold voltage of setting, then send balanced actuating signal to controller, if controller is received the balanced actuating signal that any one equalizer is sent here, simultaneously to this equalizer battery in parallel discharge, other battery then carries out circular wait, is not more than the voltage threshold that is full of of setting until this battery voltage value; If battery voltage value is not more than the threshold voltage that is full of of setting, voltage comparator is not exported balanced actuating signal to controller, and controller cuts out the power supply of equalizer, enters step (1) circulation then.
In the said process, controller is opened charge switch earlier to all battery charge a period of times, detect arbitrary cell voltage by equalizer then and surpass the setting threshold voltage, and be not that all batteries voltage surpasses when setting threshold voltage, to this battery discharge, charge switch is in closed condition during discharge, is not more than the threshold voltage of setting up to the voltage of this battery, and then, be full of until all batteries to all battery charge.
Compared with prior art, the invention provides and a kind ofly can make unbalanced series battery originally, each batteries all is in the balanced charging method and the device of full state after charging.The present invention has the good advantage of each battery charge portfolio effect in charge efficiency height, the battery pack, and each equalizer bus type of adopting input and output to link together and be connected with controller respectively, the present invention also has battery cell and the good advantage of equalizer extensibility, and installation cost of the present invention is low, has industrialization prospect preferably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the equalizing charge of by-pass current method realizes schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 switches the mise-a-la-masse method equalizing charge to realize schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that independent mise-a-la-masse method equalizing charge realizes schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the balanced charging device of series battery of the present invention is realized principle schematic.
Fig. 5 is an equalizer module principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a current direction detector module principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a controller module theory diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a charging process flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to the scope that embodiment represents.
Embodiment 1
The charging object is 78 ampere-hour 24V lithium battery groups.
As shown in Figure 4, the balanced charging device of series battery comprises the battery pack 6 (B 1, B2....Bn) that charger 1, charge switch 2, controller 3, equalizer 5 and current direction detector 4 and 7 crosstalk ponds are composed in series; Every batteries of described composition battery pack equalizer 5 in parallel, corresponding with series battery, 7 equalizers are connected in series, two equalizers of outermost end are connected with current direction detector 4 with charge switch 2 respectively, charge switch 2 is connected with charger 1 respectively with current direction detector 4, the input of described each equalizer 5 connects and is connected with the output of controller 3, receive the connection equalizer power supply signal that controller sends, the output of each equalizer 5 connects, and be connected with the input of controller 3, send balanced actuating signal to controller 3, described controller 3 also is connected with current direction detector 4 with charge switch 2 respectively.
As shown in Figure 5, described equalizer comprises power control switch 51, voltage comparator 54, reference voltage source 53 and discharge circuit 52.Voltage comparator 54 models are LM393, its positive input terminal is connected with the anode of equalizer 5 parallel connections, negative input end is connected with reference voltage source 53, voltage comparator 54 also is connected with power control switch 51, discharge circuit 52 and controller 3 respectively, the output of described voltage comparator is the output of equalizer, and the input of power control switch is the input of equalizer.Ordinary circumstance, reference voltage source 53 provides 4.2 volts voltage, and power control switch 51 is a field effect transistor (MOSEFT), also can be a relay, and discharge circuit 52 mainly is made of control switch and resistance.When 4.2 volts of voltages that cell voltage provides greater than reference voltage source, voltage comparator 54 output high level, send balanced actuating signal to controller 3, connecting 52 pairs of batteries of discharge circuit by control switch simultaneously discharges, after controller 3 is received the balanced actuating signal that equalizer 5 sends here, turn off charge switch 2 (as shown in Figure 4), if during 4.2 volts of voltages that this moment, cell voltage still provided greater than reference voltage source 53, voltage comparator 54 is kept the output high level, balanced actuating signal is still effective, discharge circuit 52 is kept battery is discharged, and is not more than 4.2 volts of voltages that reference voltage source 53 provides up to cell voltage.Power control switch 51 1 ends are connected with controller 3, the other end is connected with voltage comparator 54, receive connection equalizer 5 power supply signals that controller 3 sends, connect voltage comparator 54 power supplys, do not receive this signal as power control switch 51, even cell voltage is greater than 4.2 volts, equalizer is not worked.Generally speaking, equalizer 5 have detection battery voltage value in parallel and with the setting voltage thresholding relatively, if battery voltage value is greater than the voltage threshold of setting that is full of, then send balanced actuating signal to controller, simultaneously battery is discharged, be not more than the voltage threshold that is full of of setting until battery voltage value,, do not export balanced actuating signal if cell voltage is not more than the voltage threshold of setting.
As shown in Figure 6, current direction detector 4 mainly is made up of current sampling resistor 41 and voltage comparator 42.The positive and negative two ends of voltage comparator 42 are connected with current sampling resistor 41 two ends respectively, be in charged state as battery, charging current is turned left from the right side and is flow through current sampling resistor 41, and the negative input end voltage of voltage comparator 42 is greater than the voltage of positive input terminal, output low level; If battery is in discharge condition, discharging current flows through current sampling resistor 41 from left to right, and the negative input end voltage of voltage comparator 42 is lower than the voltage of positive input terminal, the output high level.Current direction detector 4 is judged the sense of current according to the voltage on the current sampling resistor 41 of charge circuit series connection, and output signal makes controller 3 can discern " charging " and " discharge " two states of battery.
The QND602 type electric motor car charger that charger 1 adopts Shenzhen Qiangneng Electric Co., Ltd. to produce provides charging current to battery, has the pressure limiting constant-current characteristics.What pressure limiting was meant that the maximum output voltage of charger is no more than battery pack is full of voltage (4.20V * N, N refer to the number of battery).Constant current is meant that charging current is steady state value (for example: 0.2C, C refer to the capacity of battery).In fact, commercially available charger with pressure limiting constant-current characteristics all can be used as charger component use of the present invention.
When using the equalizing charge of 78 ampere-hour capacity lithium battery series batteries of balanced charging device realization of the present invention.Charger voltage 29.4V, charging current 1.6A, its process is as follows:
(1) earlier to controller 3 power-up initializings, connect charge switch 2 then, current direction detector 4 detects the sense of current, judges whether to be in charged state, if, carried out for (2) step, otherwise, circular wait entered; The controller power-up initializing is exactly after controller powers on, and each register in the controller is carried out initialization.
(2) controller 3 is opened charge switch 2 and is kept a period of time T, and the charging T that holds time is 60 seconds, turn-offs charge switch then;
(3) connect voltage comparator 54 power supplys by controller 3 by the power control switch in the equalizer 5 51, voltage comparator 54 by detect battery voltage value in parallel, and the threshold voltage of setting with reference voltage source 53 relatively, if battery voltage value is greater than the threshold voltage of setting, then send balanced actuating signal to controller 3, if controller 3 is received the balanced actuating signal that any one equalizer 5 is sent here, simultaneously to this equalizer 5 battery in parallel discharge, equalizer 5 discharge power P are 6.72W, other battery then carries out circular wait, is not more than the threshold voltage of setting until this battery voltage value; If battery voltage value is not more than the threshold voltage of setting, equalizer 5 is not exported balanced actuating signal to controller 3, and controller cuts out the power supply of equalizer 5, enters step (1) circulation then.
During charging, 78 ampere-hour 24V of present embodiment lithium battery group, charging current is 1.6A, for the battery pack of complete equilibrium, considers loss, by 120% calculating that charges into battery capacity, normal charging period is 6 hours (8 * 120%/1.6).For the part battery capacity is 0%, and the part battery capacity is 100% the unbalanced situation of the limit, and one time the equalizing charge All Time is 12 hours.
10 12 ampere-hour 36V lithium battery equalizing charge systems: native system is realized the equalizing charge of 10 12 ampere-hour capacity lithium battery series batteries.Charger voltage 42V, charging current 2.4A.The charging T that holds time is 180 seconds.Equalizer discharge power P is 10W.Balanced charging device and charging process are with embodiment 1.For the battery pack of complete equilibrium, normal charging period is 6 hours (by charging into 120% calculation of capacity).For the part battery capacity is 0%, and the part battery capacity is 100% the unbalanced situation of the limit, and one time the equalizing charge All Time is 12 hours.
4 3.6 ampere-hour 14.4V lithium battery equalizing charge systems: native system is realized the equalizing charge of 4 3.6 ampere-hour capacity lithium battery series batteries.Charger voltage 16.8V, charging current 2A.The charging T that holds time is 10 seconds.Equalizer discharge power P is 2.1W.Balanced charging device and charging process are with embodiment 1.For the battery pack of complete equilibrium, normal charging period is 2.16 hours (by charging into 120% calculation of capacity).For the part battery capacity is 0%, and the part battery capacity is 100% the unbalanced situation of the limit, and one time the equalizing charge All Time is 10.8 hours.
The battery scope of the present invention's suggestion:
Series-connected cell number: 3 strings～13 strings
Battery capacity: 1 ampere-hour～100 ampere-hours
As mentioned above, can better implement the present invention.The contrast prior art, the present invention has the good advantage of each battery charge portfolio effect in charge efficiency height, the battery pack, and each equalizer bus type of adopting input and output to link together and be connected with controller respectively, the present invention also has battery cell and the good advantage of equalizer extensibility, and installation cost of the present invention is low, have industrialization prospect preferably, the situation that specifically contrasts is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 the present invention and existing balanced charging method contrast information slip
| Equalization methods | Installation cost | Extensibility | Portfolio effect | Charge efficiency |
| The present invention | Low | Good | Good | High |
| The by-pass current method | High | Difference | In | In |
| Switch mise-a-la-masse method | In | Difference | Good | Low |
| Independent mise-a-la-masse method | High | In | Good | Low |
Claims (8)
1, a kind of balanced charging device of series battery, comprise charger, charge switch, controller and the battery pack that is composed in series by at least two batteries, it is characterized in that, this device also comprises equalizer and current direction detector, every batteries of described composition battery pack equalizer in parallel, corresponding with series battery, each equalizer is connected in series, one is connected with charge switch in two equalizers of outermost end, another is connected with current direction detector, and charge switch is connected with charger respectively with current direction detector; The input of described each equalizer connects, and is connected with the output of controller, and the output of each equalizer connects, and is connected with the input of controller, and described controller also is connected with current direction detector with charge switch respectively.
2, the balanced charging device of series battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described equalizer comprises power control switch, voltage comparator, reference voltage source and discharge circuit, voltage comparator positive input terminal and equalizer anode in parallel be connected, negative input end is connected with reference voltage source, voltage comparator also is connected with controller with power control switch, discharge circuit respectively and is connected, the output of described voltage comparator is the output of equalizer, and the input of power control switch is the input of equalizer.
3, the balanced charging device of series battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described power control switch is field effect transistor or relay.
4, the balanced charging device of series battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described current direction detector is made up of current sampling resistor and voltage comparator, the positive and negative two ends of voltage comparator are connected with the current sampling resistor two ends respectively, its output is connected with controller, current sampling resistor one end is connected with charger, and the other end is connected with battery pack with equalizer.
5, the balanced charging device of series battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described controller is made up of a 89C52 single-chip microcomputer integrated circuit, situation to the sense of current and two input signals of balanced action is judged, produces two output signal control equalizers of charge switch control and the control of equalizer power supply and charge switch action.
6, a kind of application rights requires the balanced charging method of the balanced charging device of 1～5 any described series battery, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) earlier to the controller power-up initializing, connect charge switch then, current direction detector detects the sense of current, judges whether to be in charged state, if, carried out for (2) step, otherwise, circular wait entered;
(2) controller opens charge switch and keep a period of time T, charge closing switch then;
(3) connect the voltage comparator power supply by controller by the power control switch in the equalizer, voltage comparator by detect battery voltage value in parallel, and with the threshold voltage of the setting of reference voltage source relatively, if battery voltage value is greater than the threshold voltage of setting, then send balanced actuating signal to controller, if controller is received the balanced actuating signal that any one equalizer is sent here, simultaneously to this equalizer battery in parallel discharge, other battery then carries out circular wait, is not more than the voltage threshold that is full of of setting until this battery voltage value; If battery voltage value is not more than the threshold voltage that is full of of setting, voltage comparator is not exported balanced actuating signal to controller, and controller cuts out the power supply of equalizer, enters step (1) circulation then.
7, the balanced charging method of series battery according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described step (1) controller power-up initializing is exactly after controller powers on, and each register in the controller is carried out initialization.
8, the balanced charging method of series battery according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the time T of described step (2) is 10～180 seconds.
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