CN1817730A - Magnesium alloy frame tube and production method of frame tube and frame - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy frame tube and production method of frame tube and frame Download PDFInfo
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- CN1817730A CN1817730A CN 200610013174 CN200610013174A CN1817730A CN 1817730 A CN1817730 A CN 1817730A CN 200610013174 CN200610013174 CN 200610013174 CN 200610013174 A CN200610013174 A CN 200610013174A CN 1817730 A CN1817730 A CN 1817730A
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910001051 Magnalium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UQCVYEFSQYEJOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn].[Zr] Chemical class [Mg].[Zn].[Zr] UQCVYEFSQYEJOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002680 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 Si≤0.05% wherein Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium alloy frame tube and a production method of the frame tube and a frame, and aims to provide a magnesium alloy frame tube with high mechanical property, light weight and low price and a production method of the magnesium alloy frame tube and the frame with high efficiency and good quality. The frame tube is made of magnesium alloy material, and the production method comprises the following steps: peeling the magnesium alloy bar, then placing the bar into a heating furnace to heat to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, then air-cooling to room temperature, then placing the bar into the heating furnace to heat to 400 ℃ of 300-; then putting the mixture into an extruder to extrude the profile. And then the section bar is made into the frame. After the magnesium series alloy is subjected to heat treatment, the product has good combination of strength, plasticity and other comprehensive properties, can obtain the mechanical properties required by various non-motor vehicle frames, and has light weight, high specific strength, good rigidity and strong earthquake resistance. And the performance of a welding joint and a base metal during the welding of the frame are matched, the product quality is good, and the qualification rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of part of unpowered vehicle, particularly the unpowered vehicle vehicle frame pipe of magnesium alloy materials, vehicle frame and the method for producing this vehicle frame pipe, vehicle frame with pressing method.
Background technology
At present, the owning amount of China's unpowered vehicle (as bicycle, Electrical Bicycle, three-wheel vehicle etc.) is very big, with bicycle, about 500,000,000 in the owning amount of China's bicycle, with bicycle as the number of walking-replacing tool about 600,000,000.But along with the raising of people's quality of life and the transformation of philosophy of life, bicycle more becomes the best instrument of Sport ﹠ Casual activity when taking on walking-replacing tool.In the U.S. 20,000,000 people body-building is by bike arranged at present; In Europe, by bike " one-day tour " also become one of the most fashionable fashion mode of motion.
Aspect the material of selecting cycle frame, the countries in the world cycle manufacturer is all set about from High Performance, lightweight.Main material has steel, aluminum alloy, carbon fiber, titanium alloy etc.It makes material is that, directions such as mechanical property good, good looking appearance, low price the lightest towards weight develop.At present, cycle frame mainly adopts aluminum alloy materials.But the extrusion temperature height that aluminum alloy processing needs, the melting cost is also high, and oxidation treatment has pollution to environment.
Magnesium alloy is the lightest, strength-to-density ratio of most popular quality and the high alloy of stiffness-to-density ratio on the contemporary industry engineering.The price that magnesium alloy is present be lower than aluminum alloy by weight, and its proportion is 2/3rds of aluminum alloy.So by volume calculates its price and be significantly less than aluminum alloy, and the silver color of magnesium alloy product is noble elegant, exquisite in texture, elegant in appearance have a feeling of high class.But because magnesium alloy technology controlling and process narrow range, especially relatively strict to the temperature that hot extrusion requires, the plastic deformation performance is relatively poor relatively, is unfavorable for mechanical-moulded.And, it is low that magnesium alloy has a fusing point, problem such as the heat affected zone is wide and the post welding distortion amount is bigger oxidation, burning, crackle, pore can appear, in the characteristics that linear expansion factor and coefficient of thermal conductivity are bigger in welding process, be difficult to obtain the welded joint that is complementary with the mother metal performance.Can rapid oxidation when magnesium heats in air.In welding process, this oxide can hinder wetting and cross flow.Simultaneously, the fire coat of magnesium is broken easily in welding process.The magnesium oxide fusing point is high, all is difficult to dissolving in liquid phase and solid phase, very easily forms slag inclusion during melting welding.Therefore, necessary blanketing with inert gas is to prevent producing oxidation in the high-temperature residence stage.Experiment finds that welding condition butt welded seam surface forming has a significant impact. too little as electric current, mother metal does not melt, and is prone to incomplete fusion and situation such as lack of penetration; Electric current is too big, and the mother metal distortion is big, easily produces and burns, and defectives such as crystal grain burning, pore, crackle appear in weld seam, though can form ganoid weld seam sometimes, inside has pore to exist.Have a strong impact on the quality of welding back product.Therefore, produce unpowered vehicle vehicle frame pipe and the very big difficulty of vehicle frame existence with magnesium alloy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome weak point of the prior art, a kind of higher mechanical properties that has to be provided, and is in light weight, the production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame pipe that price is low and efficient height, the measured magnesium alloy vehicle frame of matter pipe, vehicle frame.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of magnesium alloy vehicle frame pipe is characterized in that, is made by magnesium alloy materials, and the concrete composition of described magnesium alloy materials is: contain by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, the magnalium series of surplus Mg and trace impurity; Perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, 0.5-1%Zn, the magnalium zinc series of surplus Mg and trace impurity; Perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, 0.2-1%Mn, the magnalium manganese series of surplus Mg and trace impurity; Perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 1-6%Zn, 0.1-1%Zr, the magnesium zinc zirconium series of surplus Mg and trace impurity.
A kind of production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame pipe is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) selects above-mentioned magnesium alloy rod for use, processing is removed the peel on its surface, put into heating furnace afterwards and be heated to 400 ℃, be incubated 24 hours and carry out the homogenizing annealing processing;
(2) homogenizing annealing is come out of the stove after handling, and air cooling is put into heating furnace again and is heated to 300-400 ℃ to room temperature, is incubated 3 hours; Extrusion dies is heated to 300-380 ℃ simultaneously, the extruding barrel is heated to 300-380 ℃;
(3) magnesium alloy rod of above-mentioned heating is put into extrusion press and be squeezed into the vehicle frame pipe profile, extrusion speed is 2-7m/min.
Add the heating of thermal recovery electric furnace, and in heat process, adopt the circulation of multistage temperature control forced gas.
A kind of production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: the vehicle frame pipe profile of above-mentioned extruding is made the vehicle frame blank, wherein Han Jie technology is: at first carry out spot welding, weld entirely, adopt the ac tungsten inert gases welding welding when welding entirely, the tungsten filament diameter is 2-4mm, gage of wire is 2-4mm, and welding current is 60-200A, and argon flow amount is 10-18L/min; Vehicle frame blank after the moulding carries out stress relieving or T5 or T6 heat treatment according to material and performance requriements; Vehicle frame after the heat treatment will carry out surface treatment and obtain magnesium alloy vehicle frame product.
At normal temperature or be heated to 250-400 ℃ and bend and pound flat processing.
Bend and pound the flat man-hour that adds, deflection is less than 30% distortion at normal temperatures, and deflection is at 30%-50%, and heating-up temperature is 250 ℃-350 ℃, and deflection is greater than 50%, and heating-up temperature is 360 ℃-400 ℃.
Described surface treatment is that powder spraying is handled.
The composition of described welding wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition.
The present invention has following technique effect:
1. the magnesium series alloy of the present invention's selection is after bakingout process, Combination property no-floats such as the intensity of product and plasticity, can obtain the mechanical property that all kinds of unpowered vehicles (bicycle, Electrical Bicycle, three-wheel vehicle) vehicle frame pipe needs, be applicable to the needs of producing vehicle frame pipe and vehicle frame.And vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame produced are in light weight, and the strength-to-density ratio height ratio height of quality (intensity of magnesium alloy with) has certain load-carrying capacity.Modulus of elasticity is little, good rigidly, and seismic force is strong, and long-term use is not yielding.Product bright in colour attractive in appearance, noble elegant, exquisite in texture, elegant in appearance have a feeling of high class.And magnesium is the environmental protection non-metals, good environmental protection, environmentally safe.
2. in the method for the present invention processing is removed the peel on the magnesium ingot surface, improved product design.Homogenizing annealing processing, extruding and heat treatment are effectively combined, and, make the The comprehensive performance uniformity, the qualification rate height of product by strictness control to technological condition.The production efficiency height, be fit to suitability for industrialized production, the welding method of magnesium alloy of the present invention passes through the welding control of process condition, and it is smooth to obtain upper and lower surface, Wu Duigao, the weld seam of flawless and pore, and the composition of welding wire makes welded joint and mother metal performance be complementary good product quality with basic identical by the solder alloy composition, the qualification rate height may for providing with magnesium series alloy stock production vehicle frame pipe and vehicle frame.
The specific embodiment
Its structure of unpowered vehicle of the present invention (bicycle, Electrical Bicycle, three-wheel vehicle) vehicle frame pipe and shape are with original identical, be characterised in that the vehicle frame pipe made by magnesium alloy materials, the concrete composition of described magnesium alloy materials is: contain by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, the magnalium series of surplus Mg and trace impurity, perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, 0.5-1%Zn, the magnalium zinc series of surplus Mg and trace impurity, perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, 0.2-1%Mn, the magnalium manganese series of surplus Mg and trace impurity.Perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 1-6%Zn, 0.1-1%Zr, the magnesium zinc zirconium series of surplus Mg and trace impurity, wherein the trace impurity total amount is less than 0.5%.
The production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame pipe of the present invention comprises the steps:
At first select the bar of above-mentioned magnesium alloy materials for use, processing is removed the peel on its surface, prevent because the influence that the bar surface oxidation produces product design.Put into heating furnace afterwards and be heated to 400 ℃, be incubated 24 hours and carry out the homogenizing annealing processing, the purpose that homogenizing annealing is handled is in order to reduce and to eliminate microsegregation, improving ingot casting chemical constitution and structural irregularity, so that improve its process plastic.
Homogenizing annealing is come out of the stove after handling, and air cooling is put into heating furnace again and is heated to 300-400 ℃ to room temperature, is incubated 3 hours.Extrusion dies is heated to 300-380 ℃ simultaneously, the extruding barrel is heated to 300-380 ℃.With said temperature is that 300-400 ℃ magnesium alloy rod is put into extrusion press and is squeezed into section bar, and extrusion speed is 2-7m/min.Extruding back air cooling is to room temperature, and needs adopt conventional method to interrupt sawing, move material according to producing, aligning, scale sawing, obtain magnesium alloy vehicle frame pipe.The speed of extruding is according to structure, shape, the wall thickness decision of section bar.If the profile structure complexity, the thin speed of wall thickness should be slow, under the situation that defective do not occur, improves extrusion speed, so that increase productivity as far as possible.
The barrel end face will often be polished during extruding.Conscientiously observe magnesium rod temperature, can not heat and too high the fusing of magnesium rod be caused burning, or temperature is too low can not push or crowded bad mould.The interruption personnel tackle the section bar surface and conscientiously check, can not draw trace, scratch, bubble and turn round stubborn, as find that above situation should in time react, and adjust traction machine speed and keep discharging straight, must not go to material beyond the graphite bar during discharging, move after the sawing material before must be up with decorative cover, do not allow upset when moving material, do not allow to twitch, during as necessary the twitch, should certain distance be arranged with other material, twitch gently.After the sawing, section bar length should be alignd, and will at first check baffle plate scale distance during the scale sawing, and section bar must withstand baffle plate, and per 5 material carry out once, and the fracture end face can not jagged and stifled eye phenomenon.Sawed-off size must not be less than datum dimension 50MM.Checklist areal mass, cut lengths and sawing quality after the sawing.
Vehicle frame pipe of the present invention is used to produce the magnesium alloy vehicle frame.The production method of this magnesium alloy vehicle frame comprises the steps:
Section bar cut-out → mechanical-moulded → vehicle frame assembly welding → heat treatment → surface treatment → packing warehouse-in.
Section bar cuts off: choose corresponding section bar, fixed ruler cutting by the frame parts development size.
Mechanical-moulded: main molding procedure has:
The draw: adopt draw method commonly used.By the requirement of producing, the debugging pipe-reduction mold after the test run affirmation is no abnormal, begins operation; Running check draw quality guarantees that draw surface is slick and sly, and no concave point is flawless; Regularly clean movement and change oil, normally move to guarantee machine.
Polishing: adopt finishing method commonly used.According to blanking caliber size, debugged machine.Confirm that machine run is no abnormal; Clean the tube surfaces greasy dirt with cloth, tubing is put into polishing trough to remove the pit of tube surfaces, cut makes tube surfaces smooth, cleaning.
Front tube ride: adopt method commonly used, front tube is put into the machine clamping,, make it to meet technical requirements to front tube internal diameter ride; Irregularly detect the mould test, to guarantee to reach requirements for quality with the ride internal diameter.
In the pipe undergauge: adopt method commonly used, change corresponding mould according to different tube diameters, adjust the caliber distance, the technology that makes it to reach regulation is wanted.
Bend: by the frame parts requirement, choose corresponding bending die, should notice during press-bending that the mold position plate must be solid and reliable, pressed back size palpus suitable, should also be noted that on the press-bending edge to have slight crack and scuffing, and big face must not have tangible trace, in order to avoid influence the surface treatment quality; On the mould anything can not be arranged. initial workpiece must could be produced after the assay was approved.
Pound flat: pound and to check the half-blank specification earlier when flat and must conform to mould, then according to the thickness of workpiece requirement, make by the adjusting slider degree of depth and to pound flat size and reach requirement, notice that locating plate must be solid and reliable, the flat relative material line of centers left-right symmetric of answering of pounding out, and must not crack and the chromium seal, pounding flat horizontal surface must be parallel with work center line, and deflection and rake angle phenomenon must not be arranged.Initial workpiece must could be produced after the assay was approved.
Magnesium metal has the crystal structure of close-packed hexagonal, and slip system is few, has caused magnesium alloy materials to have than worse plastic deformation abilities such as other common metallic aluminiums, iron, and at room temperature its section bar being bent often will crack with circle is flat.But along with its plasticity of rising of temperature increases, especially magnesium alloy is heated to more than 230 ℃, can start new slip system in deformation process, changes its plastic deformation ability greatly.Often to carry out pyroplastic deformation in the production process to magnesium alloy profiles, it is poor that temperature is crossed inductile, and temperature is crossed high alloy meeting oxidation, fusing even burning, therefore controls suitable heating-up temperature, adopt suitable method of heating to cause to close important, failure-free method of heating are to use electro heat.The material heating-up temperature of composition of the same race is relevant with deflection again, and deflection is little also can at room temperature to carry out.The range of temperatures of general magnesium alloy deformation heating is 250-400 ℃.The big more heating-up temperature of deflection is high more.Deflection can be out of shape at normal temperatures less than 30%.Deflection is at 30%-50%, and heating-up temperature is 250 ℃-350 ℃, and deflection is greater than 50%, and heating-up temperature is 360 ℃-400 ℃.
Assembly welding: choose corresponding welding positioner, the part mold of packing in order is firm with dot welding method point commonly used with each part earlier, weld entirely by product requirement again.Must grasp the skilled operative technique and the in-use performance of clear and definite machine; According to the welding standard and the requirement of workpiece, regulate the electric current of argon welder and the argon gas of appropriateness; Welding wire is dissolved uniformly, guarantee that welding bead is well-balanced attractive in appearance, be rich in gloss, must not there be recessed dew in welding bead, is uneven, and width differs, unfavorable conditions such as burr and fish tail; Must clear up and reprocess the welding defective products, must not flow into next process.
The ac tungsten inert gases welding welding has been adopted in the full weldering of vehicle frame.
During with ac tungsten inert gases welding method welding magnesium alloy profiles, select appropriate parameters for use, it is smooth to obtain upper and lower surface, Wu Duigao, the weld seam of flawless and pore.The main technologic parameters of regulating welding according to section bar thickness difference.The variation range of clothes hanger section bar thickness is between 1-8mm, and tungsten electrode diameter variation scope is between 2-4mm; The variation range of gage of wire is between 2-4mm; The variation range of welding current is between 60-200A; The variation range of argon flow amount is at 10-18 (L/min).
When selecting welding wire, the composition of welding wire is with basic identical by solder alloy (mother metal) composition, and just impurity content is tighter than being required by solder alloy, in order to improve weld strength, reduces the defective of weld seam, can require welding wire impurity component of the present invention as follows:
| Si％ | Fe％ | Cu％ | Ni％ | All the other total amount % |
| ≤0.05 | ≤0.003 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.01 |
Fraising: adopt reaming method commonly used.For guaranteeing the installation of vehicle frame seat pipe,, select the milling cutter of regulation for use according to the model size of seat pipe; Utilize reaming machine bore in vehicle frame to ream, make it to meet the required technical standard of bore in the vehicle frame; The rod check is tested in use, guarantees no abnormal.
Correcting vehicle frame: adopt method commonly used.Vehicle frame is placed on the dressing plate, utilizes aligning tool, to the front and back triangle longitudinal plane of symmetry of vehicle frame, fork colludes width, and the central vertical degree is proofreaied and correct, and makes its precision reach technical requirements.
By full inspection, confirm that up-to-standard vehicle frame puts in storage as the blank finished product.
Heat treatment: the vehicle frame blank after the assembly welding moulding will be removed stress annealing or T5 or T6 heat treatment according to the different of alloy material and performance requriements.Only remove stress annealing less than 6% alloy and magnesium zinc zirconium series alloy zinc content less than 4% alloy for magnalium, magnalium zinc, magnalium manganese series aluminum content, so that the internal stress that produces when eliminating plastic deformation and welding, prevent from use subsequently, to be out of shape, wherein the temperature of stress relieving is 180-200 ℃, temperature retention time is 1-2 hour, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove afterwards is to room temperature.Can carry out T5 more than or equal to 6% alloy and magnesium zinc zirconium series alloy zinc content more than or equal to 4% alloy or T6 handles for magnalium, magnalium zinc, magnalium manganese series aluminum content, further improve its mechanical property, eliminate the internal stress that produces in the crumpling process, prevent that vehicle frame in use is out of shape.The T5 processing is about to vehicle frame and directly carries out ageing treatment, and heating-up temperature is 200-220 ℃, is incubated 12 hours, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove afterwards is to room temperature.The T6 processing is about to vehicle frame and is heated to 530 ℃, is incubated 4-12 hour, water-cooled, and then be heated to 200-220 ℃, and being incubated 12-16 hour, air cooling carries out artificial aging to be handled.
At first check the thickness of material during timeliness, the trade mark of material, different material are thick, the product of the different trades mark can not same stove timeliness, and aging time is meant the machine that should blow in earlier when temperature retention time does not comprise the warm-up time timeliness, opens heating pipe again, checks that then fire door can not leak out.In ageing process, observed the running condition of a stove every 20 minutes, and the temperature of observing automatic temperature-controlled instrument shows whether consistent with the glass tube temperature.Close blower fan after closing heating pipe earlier when timeliness finishes, open fire door and will expect in stove, to pull out cooling, should open the gate, workshop when coming out of the stove, and carry out the timeliness record.After the material cooling, to check the hardness of material.
Vehicle frame after the heat treatment will carry out surface treatment, is mainly powder spraying and handles.The surface-treated technological process is: alkali cleaning, and--------pickling----is washed----powder spraying in washing.
The packing warehouse-in: after the assembling of vehicle frame product is complete, carry out overall inspection or correction, after the affirmation product was qualified, neat sequenced, and wraps with wrapper.Correctly fill in certification of fitness, opsition dependent requires just pasting, and posts warehouse-in.
When heating, preferably adopt the electric furnace heating, and adopt the method forced gas circulation of heating furnace multistage temperature control, in heat process, control furnace temperature, to guarantee the homogeneity and the conformability of temperature by multistage.The temperature control hop count is many more, and furnace temperature is more all even stable.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment to the detailed description of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The percentage by weight that cut-out is good is that the bar of the magnalium series alloy of 6%Al carries out surface peeling processing, puts into electric furnace afterwards and is heated to 400 ℃, is incubated 24 hours and carries out the homogenizing annealing processing.Come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature, put into electric furnace again and be heated to 355 ℃ ± 5 ℃, be incubated 3 hours.Adopt 4 sections control furnace temperature during heating, the forced gas circulation.Simultaneously extrusion dies is heated to 340 ℃ ± 10 ℃, the extruding barrel is heated to 340 ℃ ± 10 ℃.The magnesium alloy rod of above-mentioned heating is put into extrusion press be squeezed into the vehicle frame pipe profile, extrusion speed is 3-4m/min.In the crumpling process, can not heat and too high magnesium rod fusing be caused burning, or temperature is too low can not push or squeeze mould bad.Needs adopt conventional method to interrupt sawing, move material according to producing for extruding back, aligning, scale sawing.
Choose vehicle frame pipe after the corresponding extruding, fixed ruler cutting by the frame parts development size.Afterwards the draw, polishing, front tube ride, middle pipe undergauge, bend, pound flat, assembly welding, fraising, correcting vehicle frame, full inspection, heat treatment, surface treatment, packing warehouse-in.Bend, it is definite according to deflection to pound the temperature that whether heats and heat when flat.About 25 degree of for example upright fork sinuousness can carry out at normal temperatures, and the standpipe deflection is 30%, and heating-up temperature is 250 ℃, upright fork-join bending tablet 90 degree (being equivalent to be out of shape 50%), need be heated to 350 ℃ of distortion, the chain stay drafts is about 70%, need be heated to 400 ℃ of distortion.
Welding process will be according to being adjusted by the thickness in weldering section bar cross section.Shangguan's wall thickness 1.5mm for example, the tungsten electrode diameter is 2mm; Gage of wire is 2mm; Welding current is 80A; Argon flow amount is 12 (L/min).The thick 4mm in five-way cross section, tungsten electrode diameter are 3mm; Gage of wire is 3mm; Welding current is 120A; Argon flow amount is 14 (L/min).Back chain stay colludes the thick 8mm in cross section, and the tungsten electrode diameter is 4mm; Gage of wire is 4mm; Welding current is 200A; Argon flow amount is 18 (L/min).
The composition of welding wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition, and just impurity content is tighter than being required by solder alloy, Si≤0.05% wherein, Fe≤0.003%, Cu≤0.001%, Ni≤0.001%, all the other total amounts≤0.01%.
The vehicle frame of this composition alloy can carry out T5 heat treatment, is about to above-mentioned vehicle frame and puts in the aging oven heating and carry out artificial aging and handle, and heating-up temperature is 210 ℃ ± 10 ℃, be incubated 12 hours, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove afterwards arrives room temperature.
The surface-treated technological process is: alkali cleaning--washes--pickling--washing---powder spraying.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame material can reach 300Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 16, and ball hardness can reach 60.
Embodiment 2
Producing percentage by weight is magnalium series alloy vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of 3%Al, production method, the requirement of bending, pounding flat, welding process, welding wire impurity is identical with embodiment 1, be extrusion process be 395 ℃ ± 5 ℃ for the bar heating-up temperature, be incubated 3 hours.Simultaneously extrusion dies is heated to 380 ℃ ± 10 ℃, the extruding barrel is heated to 380 ℃ ± 10 ℃.Extrusion speed is 6-7m/min.The composition of welding wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition.
The vehicle frame of this composition alloy can be removed stress annealing heat treatment, is about to above-mentioned vehicle frame and puts in the aging oven heating and carry out stress relief annealing, and heating-up temperature is 190 ℃ ± 10 ℃, be incubated 1-2 hour, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove afterwards arrives room temperature.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame can reach 250Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 13, and ball hardness can reach 45.
Embodiment 3
Producing percentage by weight is magnalium series alloy vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of 10%Al, and that production method is bent, pounded is flat, the requirement of welding process, welding wire impurity is identical with embodiment 1.Extrusion process is 310 ℃ ± 10 ℃ for the bar heating-up temperature, is incubated 2 hours.Simultaneously extrusion dies is heated to 310 ℃ ± 10 ℃, the extruding barrel is heated to 310 ℃ ± 10 ℃.Extrusion speed is 2-3m/min.The composition of welding wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition.
The vehicle frame of this composition alloy can carry out T6 heat treatment, promptly at first above-mentioned vehicle frame is put into and is heated to 530 ℃ in the heating furnace, is incubated 4-12 hour, water-cooled, and then be heated to 200-220 ℃, and being incubated 12-16 hour, air cooling carries out artificial aging to be handled.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame can reach 310Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 6, and ball hardness can reach 75.
Embodiment 4
The production percentage by weight is 6%Al, 0.5-1%Zn, and the magnalium zinc series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method is identical with example 1 with technology.Because element Zn has solution hardening and ageing strengthening effect, so its mechanical property will be higher than magnalium series.The composition of welding wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition, and just impurity content is tighter than being required by solder alloy, Si≤0.05% wherein, Fe≤0.003%, Cu≤0.001%, Ni≤0.001%, all the other total amounts≤0.01%.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame can reach 310Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 15, and ball hardness can reach 65.
Embodiment 5
The production percentage by weight is 3%Al, 0.5-1%Zn, and the magnalium zinc series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method is identical with example 2 with technology.The composition of welding wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition, and just impurity content is tighter than being required by solder alloy, Si≤0.05% wherein, Fe≤0.003%, Cu≤0.001%, Ni≤0.001%, all the other total amounts≤0.01%.The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame can reach 260Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 13, and ball hardness can reach 50.
Embodiment 6
The production percentage by weight is 10%Al, 0.5-1%Zn, and the magnalium zinc series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method is identical with example 3 with technology.The composition of welding wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition, and just impurity content is tighter than being required by solder alloy, Si≤0.05% wherein, Fe≤0.003%, Cu≤0.001%, Ni≤0.001%, all the other total amounts≤0.01%.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame can reach 320Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 6, and ball hardness can reach 80.
Embodiment 7
The production percentage by weight is 6%Al, 0.2-1%Mn, and the magnalium manganese series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method is identical with example 1 with technology.Alloying element Mn is little to the mechanical property contribution, but Mn has the effect of crystal grain thinning.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame and hardness and example 1 are roughly the same, but its plasticity ratio 1 is high by about 1%.
Embodiment 8
The production percentage by weight is 3%Al, 0.2-1%Mn, and the magnalium manganese series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method is identical with example 2 with technology.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame and hardness and example 2 are roughly the same, but its plasticity ratio 2 is high by about 1%.
Embodiment 9
The production percentage by weight is 10%Al, 0.2-1%Mn, and the magnalium manganese series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method is identical with example 3 with technology.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame and hardness and example 3 are roughly the same, but its plasticity ratio 3 is high by about 1%.
Embodiment 10
The production percentage by weight is 1%Zn, 0.1-1%Zr, the magnesium zinc zirconium series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method, bend, pound flat, welding process is identical with embodiment 1, be extrusion process be 380 ℃ ± 5 ℃ for the bar heating-up temperature, be incubated 3 hours.Simultaneously extrusion dies is heated to 370 ℃ ± 10 ℃, the extruding barrel is heated to 370 ℃ ± 10 ℃.Extrusion speed is 6-7m/min.
The vehicle frame of this composition alloy can be removed stress annealing heat treatment, is about to above-mentioned vehicle frame and puts in the aging oven heating and carry out stress relief annealing, and heating-up temperature is 190 ℃ ± 10 ℃, be incubated 1-2 hour, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove afterwards arrives room temperature.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame material can reach 270Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 4, and ball hardness can reach 60.
Embodiment 11
The production percentage by weight is 3%Zn, 0.1-1%Zr, the magnesium zinc zirconium series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method, bend, pound flat, welding process is identical with embodiment 1, be extrusion process be 350 ℃ ± 5 ℃ for the bar heating-up temperature, be incubated 3 hours.Simultaneously extrusion dies is heated to 340 ℃ ± 10 ℃, the extruding barrel is heated to 34 ℃ ± 10 ℃.Extrusion speed is 4-5m/min.
The vehicle frame of this composition alloy can be removed stress annealing heat treatment, is about to above-mentioned vehicle frame and puts in the aging oven heating and carry out stress relief annealing, and heating-up temperature is 190 ℃ ± 10 ℃, be incubated 1-2 hour, and the air cooling of coming out of the stove afterwards arrives room temperature.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame material can reach 330Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 4, and ball hardness can reach 80.
Embodiment 12
The production percentage by weight is 6%Zn, 0.1-1%Zr, the magnesium zinc zirconium series vehicle frame pipe and the vehicle frame of surplus Mg and trace impurity, production method, bend, pound flat, welding process is identical with embodiment 1, be extrusion process be 310 ℃ ± 5 ℃ for the bar heating-up temperature, be incubated 3 hours.Simultaneously extrusion dies is heated to 310 ℃ ± 10 ℃, the extruding barrel is heated to 310 ℃ ± 10 ℃.Extrusion speed is 3-4m/min.
The vehicle frame of this composition alloy can carry out T6 heat treatment, promptly at first above-mentioned vehicle frame is put into and is heated to 530 ℃ in the heating furnace, is incubated 4-12 hour, water-cooled, and then be heated to 210 ± 10 ℃, and being incubated 12-16 hour, air cooling carries out artificial aging to be handled.
The tensile strength of this composition magnesium alloy vehicle frame material can reach 350Mpa, and stretch ratio can reach 11, and ball hardness can reach 90.
Although the disclosed production method that relates to a kind of Magnesium Alloy Frame Tube And Frame Tube, vehicle frame has been carried out special description with reference to embodiment, embodiment described above is illustrative and not restrictive, under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all variations and modification are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of magnesium alloy vehicle frame pipe is characterized in that, is made by magnesium alloy materials, and the concrete composition of described magnesium alloy materials is: contain by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, the magnalium series of surplus Mg and trace impurity; Perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, 0.5-1%Zn, the magnalium zinc series of surplus Mg and trace impurity; Perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 3-10%Al, 0.2-1%Mn, the magnalium manganese series of surplus Mg and trace impurity; Perhaps for containing by weight percentage: 1-6%Zn, 0.1-1%Zr, the magnesium zinc zirconium series of surplus Mg and trace impurity.
2, a kind of production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame pipe is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) selects the magnesium alloy rod described in the claim 1 for use, processing is removed the peel on its surface, put into heating furnace afterwards and be heated to 400 ℃, be incubated 24 hours and carry out the homogenizing annealing processing;
(2) homogenizing annealing is come out of the stove after handling, and air cooling is put into heating furnace again and is heated to 300-400 ℃ to room temperature, is incubated 3 hours; Extrusion dies is heated to 300-380 ℃ simultaneously, the extruding barrel is heated to 300-380 ℃;
(3) magnesium alloy rod of above-mentioned heating is put into extrusion press and be squeezed into the vehicle frame pipe profile, extrusion speed is 2-7m/min.
3, the production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame according to claim 2 is characterized in that, adds the heating of thermal recovery electric furnace, and adopts the circulation of multistage temperature control forced gas in heat process.
4, a kind of production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: the vehicle frame pipe profile of above-mentioned extruding is made the vehicle frame blank, wherein Han Jie technology is: at first carry out spot welding, weld entirely, adopt the ac tungsten inert gases welding welding when welding entirely, the tungsten filament diameter is 2-4mm, gage of wire is 2-4mm, and welding current is 60-200A, and argon flow amount is 10-18L/min; Vehicle frame blank after the moulding carries out stress relieving or T5 or T6 heat treatment; Vehicle frame after the heat treatment carries out surface treatment and obtains magnesium alloy vehicle frame product.
5, the production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the vehicle frame pipe profile is being made in the process of vehicle frame blank, at normal temperature or be heated to 250-400 ℃ and bend and pound flat processing.
6, the production method of magnesium alloy clothes hanger according to claim 5 is characterized in that, bends and pounds the flat man-hour that adds, deflection is less than 30% distortion at normal temperatures, and deflection is at 30%-50%, and heating-up temperature is 250 ℃-350 ℃, deflection is greater than 50%, and heating-up temperature is 360 ℃-400 ℃.
7, the production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described surface treatment is that powder spraying is handled.
8, the production method of magnesium alloy vehicle frame according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described component of weld wire is with basic identical by the solder alloy composition, but impurity component is: Si≤0.05%, Fe≤0.003%, Cu≤0.001%, Ni≤0.001%.
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