CN1813120A - Method for regenerating a particle trap - Google Patents

Method for regenerating a particle trap Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1813120A
CN1813120A CNA200480017830XA CN200480017830A CN1813120A CN 1813120 A CN1813120 A CN 1813120A CN A200480017830X A CNA200480017830X A CN A200480017830XA CN 200480017830 A CN200480017830 A CN 200480017830A CN 1813120 A CN1813120 A CN 1813120A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
catalytic converter
gas apparatus
flow
reducing agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA200480017830XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
W·莫斯
R·布吕科
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Publication of CN1813120A publication Critical patent/CN1813120A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
    • F01N3/281—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates
    • F01N3/2821—Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates the support being provided with means to enhance the mixing process inside the converter, e.g. sheets, plates or foils with protrusions or projections to create turbulence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/38—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details flow channels with means to enhance flow mixing,(e.g. protrusions or projections)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
    • F01N2340/02—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust system (1) for purifying a gas flow (2) of harmful substances (3), said exhaust system comprising at least means for supplying a reducing agent, a first catalytic converter (5), and a particle trap (8), in the direction of flow (4) of the gas flow (2) through the exhaust system (1). According to the invention, at least one other exhaust purification component is provided and/or there is a distance of at least 0.5 metres between the first catalytic converter (5) and the particle trap (8), and a mixer (6) and a second catalytic converter (7) are positioned directly upstream of the particle trap (8). The invention also relates to a method for regenerating a particle trap (8) arranged in the exhaust system (1), whereby a reducing agent (23) is introduced into the exhaust gas system (1), (only) upstream of the turbocharger (6), for carrying out a regeneration process of the particle trap (8).

Description

The regeneration of particle trapper
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of waste gas treatment equipment that is used for the harmful matter of purifying gas flow, described waste gas treatment equipment has a particle trapper, and described catcher can regeneration discontinuously under the situation of using reducing agent.In addition, also relate to a kind of method that is used for the regeneration of particle catcher.
Background technique
Owing in automobile making waste gas system is proposed the more and more legal provisions of high request, waste gas system is constantly developed in the past.In this process, used the assembly that much can realize functions different in the waste gas system.For example known starting catalyst converter and pre-turbosupercharging catalyst converter (Vorturbo-Katalysator) to this, described catalyst converter has especially little volume, can reach the desired cranking temperature of catalytic conversion apace thus after the internal-combustion engine cold starting.Known in addition can electrically heated catalyst converter, this catalyst converter can be realized the cold-start performance of the waste gas system that improves equally.The task of so-called adsorber in the waste gas system of internal-combustion engine is that absorption is included in the harmful matter in the waste gas in the certain hour section, wherein preferably stores described harmful matter, reaches its running temperature until the catalyst converter that is connected the back.Particularly in the waste gas system of diesel engine, use particle trapper or particulate filter in addition, described particle trapper or particulate filter are caught the carbon black fine particle that contains in the waste gas and/or other solid pollutant.The particulate buildup thing of being caught can be transformed in principle continuously or discontinuously, for example by supply with high heat energy to it.
For the particulate emissions, particularly known a kind of particle trapper that constitutes by a kind of ceramic matrix in diesel engine of reducing in the waste gas.Described particle trapper has passage, thereby waste gas to be clean can flow in the particle trapper.Adjacent passage is alternately closed, thereby waste gas passes at least one ceramic wall at the inlet side flow channel, and is discharged from again at outlet side by adjacent passage.Such particle trapper is known as " close type " particulate filter.Described particle trapper can reach about 95% efficient on the gamut of the particle size that is occurred.
Can know that by undocumented German patent application DE10153283 the particle trapper of another kind of type, this particle trapper can bear high heat load and have the obviously lower pressure loss.The particle trapper of " open " filtration system of a kind of being called as has been described in the document.In this open system, abandoned closing that the filter passage carries out replacing.Conduit wall is made up of porous or highly porous material at least in part.The circulation road of described open filter has and turns to or guide structure, described structure can be made of together with wherein contained particulate guiding waste gas porous or highly porous material zone.If a particulate filter can fully be passed through by particulate basically here, and even also can pass through fully much larger than the particulate of the particulate that will leach originally, then be referred to as open.Just can not stop up when particles agglomerate occurring at this filter of run duration thus.A kind of suitable method of measuring the openness of particulate filter for example is to detect the maximum diameter of the spheroidal particle that can flow through this filter.In the existing application occasion, particularly when diameter more than or equal to spherical particle, the especially diameter of 0.1mm greater than the spherical particle of 0.2mm can also by the time, then filter is open.
Irrelevant with the type of employed particle trapper, must guarantee the reliable and regeneration as much as possible completely of the particulate filter in the management of vehicle exhaust systems.The regeneration of this particle trapper is necessary because particulate be on the increase gather can cause a kind of pressure loss that continues to increase in conduit wall that can be through-flow, this pressure loss can produce negative influence to engine power.This regeneration mainly comprises the heating to the short time of particle trapper or the particulate that wherein gathers, so that carbon black fine particle changes into the gaseous state composition.
For example this particle trapper was directly heated in the past by the Ohmic resistance heating equipment.The independent burner of also known utilization transforms the carbon black fine particle that gathers.The device that is used for regeneration of particle filters of back is characterised in that, supplies with reducing agent in the upstream of this particle trapper, and described reducing agent finally can make the carbon black fine particle that accumulates in the particle trapper carry out chemical reversion.Here, mainly be divided into two kinds of different systems: discrete and continuous regeneration.
The system that is used for the cyclic regeneration filter is called as CRT (cyclic regeneration filter), and at US4,902,487 have illustrated.Particulate is being higher than under 200 ℃ the temperature in this system, by by with nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) contact and the oxidation reaction that takes place and transformed.Required for this reason nitrogen dioxide produces by the oxidation catalyzer that is arranged in the filter upstream usually.But particularly consider the application in the motor vehicle that use diesel fuel here, such problem can occur, that is, in waste gas, only have the nitrous oxide (NO) of the nitrogen dioxide that can be converted to hope in shortage.Therefore can't guarantee so far the particle trapper in the waste gas system is carried out continuous regeneration.Therefore, be also reducing agents such as urea to be supplied to waste gas system usually more, described reducing agent makes the filter can cyclic regeneration.The shortcoming of this system is the technical costs of great number, and must carry the consumer separately and the fact of running gear in this motor vehicle simultaneously.
For the discrete regeneration of particle trapper, known front at particle trapper connects an oxidation catalyzer, supplies with undersaturated or unburned hydrocarbon (HC) to this oxidation catalyzer.When the contacting of undersaturated hydrocarbon and oxidation catalyzer the special strong reaction of heat release takes place, this reaction significantly improves the temperature of waste gas.Here temperature will reach the scope that the particles agglomerate thing that gathers in the particle trapper can be transformed.Here temperature must reach more than 600 ℃ usually.Wherein the supply of reducing agent can be carried out separately, but also known, the unburned fuel part from internal-combustion engine directly can be supplied in the exhaust piping, so that it arrives oxidation catalyzer.
Start described hope, that is, after the internal-combustion engine cold starting, just immediately waste gas is carried out catalyzed conversion, can realize by using the starting catalyst converter, described starting catalyst converter is characterised in that, has little volume (for example, less than this engine swept volume 20%) and position near motor.Here can produce such technical problem, promptly can't supply with make and be positioned at the unsaturated hydrocarbon upstream, that regenerate with starting catalyst converter particle trapper obviously arranged apart.This power fuel that plays the reducing agent effect can reach the starting catalyst converter and cause exothermic reaction.Because particle trapper arranges farly that from the starting catalyst converter perhaps the Fu Jia arrangement of components that is used for waste-gas cleaning just can't realize that in little material catcher required temperature raises between starting catalyst converter and particle trapper.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the objective of the invention is, eliminate described technical problem, a kind of waste gas system and a kind of method that is used for the regeneration of particle catcher particularly are provided, even thereby the distance that between starting catalyst converter and particle trapper, exists big waste gas to advance, perhaps between starting catalyst converter and particle trapper, be furnished with the temperature sensitive assembly that is used to transform definite waste gas components, also can guarantee the discontinuous regeneration of particle trapper.This in addition exhaust gas apparatus also should have simple structure and regeneration also can be carried out simply.
The exhaust gas apparatus of the feature of described purpose by having claim 1 and the particle trapper regeneration method with feature of claim 11 are realized.Other favourable structural type illustrates in each dependent claims.Wherein the improvement project shown in here can also be taken over the meaning reasonable manner and made up mutually.
The exhaust gas apparatus that is used to purify the air-flow that has harmful matter passes along air-flow on the flow direction of exhaust gas apparatus and comprises structure, first catalytic converter and the particle trapper that is used to supply with reducing agent at least, and at least one other waste-gas cleaning assembly and/or at least 0.5 meter distance wherein are set between first catalytic converter and particle trapper.According to the present invention, a mixer and one second catalytic converter are directly installed on the front of particle trapper.
For employed here notion is described, its connotation will give detailed explanation below separately." flow direction of air-flow " be meant air-flow from internal-combustion engine towards outlet pipe or outlet enter the direction that atmosphere has.Be meant the main air flow direction herein, that is, especially turbulent flow of part etc. do not considered.Each device arranges along the flow direction that passes exhaust gas apparatus and is meant, air-flow at first contacts with the structure that is used to supply with reducing agent, contacts with first catalytic converter then, contacts with particle trapper at last.What wherein remain unchanged is, air-flow comes in contact with other assembly of exhaust gas apparatus between described each assembly, other adsorber for example, exhaust piping etc.It may be noted that in addition " at least " is provided with listed device, also comprise that described device can carry out front and back repeatedly, directly or indirectly and be disposed in order.
" catalytic converter " is meant a plurality of known carriers that are used for catalytically-active materials.Wherein said carrier is mainly made by metal and/or pottery.For metallic catalyst carrier, known near small part forms the thin plate of structure and reels mutually in this wise, so that form the passage that fluid can be through-flow.Also known to extruding the metallic carrier of manufacturing.Known in addition its honeycomb shape is the ceramic monolith that obtains by expressing technique and sintering process equally.It is particularly advantageous that this honeycomb shape has proved, because can provide king-sized surface like this, it can cause with the tight of air-flow and contact.
The meaning of term " particle trapper " is, both referred to the conventional filtration system with the passage of alternately closing, and also refers to the filtration system of above-mentioned " open ".
Term " waste-gas cleaning assembly " is the upperseat concept of a large amount of different assemblies that are used for waste gas treatment, is meant honeycomb ceramics especially, separator (Wasserfalle), heating element, baffler, adsorber, memory section etc.
" distance " between first catalytic converter and the particle trapper is meant between them especially along the distance of the flow path of air-flow.In other words, to determine connecting with the shortest path the distance of first catalytic converter and particle trapper along exhaust piping for this reason.
On meaning of the present disclosure, " mixer " describes a kind of like this device, and it makes the branch air-flow produce eddy current or significant flow divert.The ratio of the branch air-flow that especially is diverted is 50%, especially more than 80%, preferably more than 95%.Here particularly advantageously be, the part off-gas flows is not deflection in parallel to each other basically, but at least in part mutually towards moving, to mix.Here with in the example of the hybrid element described in the DE19938840 as this type hybrid element.Can certainly use all other known mixers, as long as they satisfy aforesaid standards.
It may be noted that for second catalytic converter it also is a kind of waste gas treatment assembly here, with the same at the waste gas treatment assembly described in first reactor.But second catalytic converter is not designed to start catalyst converter, that is to say, it is not to be positioned near the motor.
Utilization is according to exhaust gas apparatus of the present invention, as following at as described in method describes in detail, can use the reducing agent of fuel as the regeneration of particle catcher, wherein exothermic reaction does not completely take place by first catalytic converter in fuel basically.Prepare fuel-gas-mixture like this by mixer then, with the exothermic reaction that takes place to wish in second changing of the catalysis device, described reaction can produce the necessary intensification of regeneration of particle catcher.A main aspect of the present invention is, in a part of off-gas flows or in partial volume stream, pass through first catalytic converter, thereby do not provide the enough necessary oxygen of catalyzed conversion for the major part of entrained fuel with the necessary fuel of state guiding regeneration that concentrates.Therefore only the reaction that catalyzer promotes appears in the fringe region at the branch air-flow of high fuel content, and the major part of the additional fuel that sprays under unconverted situation by first catalytic converter.
Mixer makes the branch air-flow that is rich in fuel mix mutually with remaining waste gas now, and particularly for diesel engine, described waste gas is thin especially, and promptly oxygen content is big.By this mixed process, the branch air-flow of high fuel content dissolves, thereby fuel fine dispersion ground flows to the particle trapper that is positioned at the downstream with exhaust flow.In this case, the exhaust flow of mixing other (not playing oxidation) waste-gas cleaning assembly of whether flowing through in the way that flows to second catalytic converter does not play an important role.The final exhaust flow that mixes arrives second catalytic converter that also has catalytically active surface, and the conversion of waste gas-fuel-dispersion thing takes place now.
Because second catalytic converter directly (is right after ground, does not promptly arrange other waste-gas cleaning parts therebetween) front that is connected particle trapper in other words, the intensification that produces owing to exothermic reaction is directly conducted to particle trapper.This guarantees the holomorphosis of particle trapper now.Simultaneously, particularly advantageous is to be arranged to make waste gas to give particle trapper with energy transfer as much as possible mutually second catalytic converter and particle trapper.This can for example guarantee by making catalytic converter and particulate only have a little distance, and described distance is especially less than 10cm, particularly less than 5cm, and preferably less than 2cm.Distance described here has been described waste gas and has been flowed out the back to entering the particle trapper length of travel from second catalytic converter.If the exhaust piping between second catalytic converter and the particle trapper is adiabatic, perhaps do not have any additional member, as valve, guide plate, prober etc., or bending section, then be particularly advantageous.
According to another form of implementation of the present invention, described mixer is that eddy current increases device.Particularly new by in the diesel engine of direct injection principle work, be used for the application that sucks waste gas-eddy current pressure-increasing machine that air compresses has been obtained checking.This compressor that is used to suck air moves by the waste gas that flows through vortex supercharger.When exhaust flow is crossed the eddy current pressure-increasing machine, waste gas can experience strong vortex, therefore, the eddy current pressure-increasing machine satisfies above-mentioned at the described standard of mixer fully, that is to say, for example, can only connect a vortex supercharger in the first catalytic converter back now, and second catalytic converter and particle trapper are connected the back of vortex supercharger.Particularly for this layout of waste-gas cleaning assembly and vortex supercharger, method described below is favourable, because described method has prevented to form high temperature by first catalytic converter that is preferably designed to the starting catalyst converter in waste gas, thereby can damage the vortex supercharger that directly is connected the back.Therefore can import waste gas with vortex supercharger withstand temperature, and subsequently by second catalytic converter with the temperature of waste heating to the regeneration that can guarantee particle trapper.
According to another form of implementation of described exhaust gas apparatus, the structure that is used to import reducing agent comprises that at least one is used for providing to the firing chamber of car combustion engine the jet blower of fuel.This especially means, with only one or more is identified for being used to be provided for to the jet blower of internal-combustion engine fueling the regeneration reducing agent of particle trapper.In other words, at least one jet blower burner oil in cylinder of internal combustion engine, described fuel comes out from cylinder on unburned ground basically, through first catalytic converter (perhaps also having the eddy current pressure-increasing machine), and final just by being used for the exothermic reaction that fuel transforms with contacting of second catalyst converter.Like this, the structure of especially simple exhaust gas apparatus be can realize, the additional pipeline that is used to import reducing agent or nozzle etc. finally abandoned using.
Suggestion is arranged described jet blower, like this fuel can be imported the into outlet pipe of internal-combustion engine in addition.Here it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, must adopt other structure in case of necessity for this reason.Here must consider that described jet blower is directed so usually, with excellent compression and the combustion performance of guaranteeing the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of internal combustion engine.For guaranteeing that fuel can arrive outlet pipe, require to be provided with piston or valve in some cases in the precalculated position.
For example in order to obtain a form of implementation that is easy to replenish the waste gas system of equipping, simultaneously this form of implementation does not require that countercylinder or firing chamber change, suggestion in the exhaust passage of internal-combustion engine and/or exhaust gas apparatus or at least one independent input pipeline is set.This means, additional pipeline for example is set from the fuel supplying part to the motor, and between firing chamber or the engine cylinder and first catalytic converter to the exhaust flow fueling.Here should be noted that this can make produces the extra high branch air-flow that more straitly limits of a kind of fuel concentration.Can guarantee to discharge the necessary oxygen of exothermic reaction like this, simultaneously the branch air flow stream of high fuel content is crossed and is also flow through the assembly of back under first catalytic converter and the certain situation and tangible chemical reversion does not take place.
According to the suggestion of another kind of form of implementation, the structure that is used to import reducing agent links to each other with a reducing agent memory section and a control unit, thereby can realize intermittently importing reducing agent.For the reducing agent memory section, independent container and storage space can be set, but memory section described here can directly be exactly a fuel tank also.The task that described control unit is born is when described jet blower and other nozzle operation, to regulate as required or control opening time and existing pressure.This especially will carry out according to the piston position or the exhaust valve position of the cylinder of internal-combustion engine.
In addition, first catalytic converter has that can to impel first surface of contact of at least a harmful matter generation oxidation that comprises in the air-flow be favourable.In other words, particularly utilize first catalytic converter that undersaturated hydrocarbon has been changed into and endanger less composition.Special because always have special interest for this situation public, so suggestion, second catalytic converter also has can impel second surface of contact that is included at least a harmful matter generation oxidation in the air-flow.Here can make in some cases first catalytic converter and second catalytic converter on surface of contact or in have identical catalytically-active materials.Here beat allly be, utilize the device or the method described below of suggestion here to guarantee, reducing agent is by identical coating on the one hand, on the other hand, because significantly intensification and being transformed of waste gas by exothermic reaction.
According to the another kind of form of implementation of exhaust gas apparatus, second catalytic converter and particle trapper constitute an element of construction again.This means that especially second catalytic converter not only is connected with the exhaust piping of crossing around them with particle trapper.So for example second catalytic converter and particle trapper can be arranged in the common sleeve pipe, described sleeve pipe contacts with exhaust piping.But second catalytic converter also can not only be connected by periphery with particle trapper, and also produces contact in some cases on end face, for example by pin, thin plate etc.In addition, for example also can be provided with one along the circumferential insulation part of effect for the situation of element of construction, thereby the heat release energy that is produced almost completely passes to particle trapper in second catalytic converter.
Another kind of favourable form of implementation according to described exhaust gas apparatus, but second catalytic converter and particle trapper form the body of a fluid percolation together, described body at first has a catalytically active coatings on flow direction, have the structure that is used to gather particulate then.In other words, for example, second catalytic converter and particle trapper are used with a kind of carrier and are made.In other words, the conduit wall of usually making for example by stupalith and sheet metal, streamwise extends on the common total length of second catalytic converter and particle trapper.Needn't divide carrier like this.Yet in the segment section of described body or in conduit wall, depressed part can be set, variant part, material accumulation portion or etc., thereby described body the section can be complementary with the corresponding function of catalytic converter and particle trapper.Can (only or additionally) distinguish for described section of carrier or described body in principle by different coatings.The overlap region that also may have section that forms second catalytic converter and the section that forms particle trapper here.
According to of the present invention one on the other hand, a kind of method of the particle trapper that is arranged in exhaust gas apparatus of being used for regenerating has been proposed, wherein, described exhaust gas apparatus (on the flow direction of air-flow) comprises at least one first catalytic converter, a vortex supercharger, one second catalytic converter and described particle trapper.Here in the upstream of eddy current pressure-increasing machine reducing agent is imported described exhaust gas apparatus, to carry out the regenerative process of particle trapper.Reducing agent is imported a branch air-flow of exhaust gas apparatus concentratedly for this reason, thereby when flowing through first catalytic converter, very weak exothermic reaction does not take place or only takes place.Now the described branch air communication that still has high fuel content of guiding is crossed vortex supercharger, and divide air-flow that especially strong mix take place with waste gas from other cylinder of internal-combustion engine this moment.Because the branch air-flow that comes from other cylinder is the mixture of thin especially (oxygen enrichment) on mainly, can improve so still have the branch air-flow concentration of oxygen of high fuel ratio this moment.When described minute air-flow arrived soon after oxidation catalyzer, this can cause the exothermic reaction wished.The heat energy that discharged was used to after-flame and accumulated in carbon black fine particle in the particle trapper of back this moment.Can prevent that thus flow path (waste gas is by the path of particle trapper process) from stopping up, this obstruction can cause the flow resistance of particle trapper to rise.The pressure of the exhaust flow on the consequent particle trapper reduces, and can have a negative impact to engine power, and can reliably avoid this negative effect in the described method here.
Here, the reducing agent input is particularly advantageous off and on.Particularly when carrying out the input of reducing agent by at least one jet blower, situation comes to this, and wherein fuel is imported in the firing chamber of car combustion engine.Be meant diesel engine especially at this.
According to another advantageous embodiment of described method, in the firing chamber, carry out the post-injection of fuel, thereby the unburned partial volume stream of fuel can enter the exhaust duct of internal-combustion engine.In this sense, the follow-up meaning is that in the work cycle of the piston in cylinder, jet blower is at two different moment burner oils.First constantly, the fuel of spontaneous combustion or burning requirement is ejected in the firing chamber of cylinder, make its compression and burning.Piston move upward during, the waste gas that will be produced in combustion process is discharged to exhaust duct by the exhaust valve of opening, flue gas leading is gone in the stepping of going forward side by side.At this constantly, after promptly particularly the burning in the firing chamber is finished, can predesignate or the fuel (or other reducing agent) of computable amount imports in the firing chamber by jet blower, described fuel divides air-flow with the waste gas that is discharged from or is mobile through this exhaust duct or flue gas leading at it after.
For having a plurality of internal-combustion engines that have the cylinder of a firing chamber respectively, alternately the injection reduction agent is particularly advantageous in cylinder.This comprises on the one hand, the reducing agent that carries out respectively of order sprays before and after each cylinder, yet, also might be, skip several independent cylinders, repeatedly carry out the reducing agent injection in proper order and/or do not adopt over-over mode fixing for cylinder to spray in front and back by each jet blower.Especially when the measured value according to the running state of measured reflection internal-combustion engine or exhaust gas apparatus sprays in corresponding cylinder, can adopt afterwards a kind of mode to spray.Thus, guarantee on the one hand after reducing agent sprays, always to make the residual fuel that also remains in some cases in the independent cylinder to burn once more.So just in all cylinders, all there is burning uniformly.
According to the another kind of scheme of described method, determine the starting moment of the injection of reducing agent according to functional parameter of the description particle trapper that records and/or calculate.This means, be provided with functional device (sensor, probe or the like) of monitoring particle trapper.Here, with suitable measured value illustrate that the pressure of particle trapper descends, the concentration of at least a harmful matter in the temperature in the particle trapper, waste gas after from particle trapper, coming out etc.For example,, pressure reaches the threshold value of regulation if descending, and then can be used as the index of starting regenerative cycle.Here, to consider also that in some cases the fuel that nearly motor sprays arrives the needed endurance of particle trapper.This must carry out like this, before for example engine power being caused perceptible negative effect at particle trapper, particle trapper is heated up.
According to the another kind of design proposal of described method, come the eject position of selective reduction agent according to parameter measured and/or that calculate, the temperature profile of described parametric description air-flow in a part area of exhaust gas apparatus.This for example is meant that the jet blower of a plurality of cylinders is to select according to the specific temperature of air-flow or exhaust gas apparatus and/or internal-combustion engine.For example, if the residual fuel amount in the cylinder of remaining in subsequently causes the heat load that raises in next time burning, then when reaching the limiting temperature of regulation, it may be favourable only being undertaken by other a jet blower that reducing agent sprays.In some cases, also can be by according to the design of eject position to the air flow path in the flue gas leading, make becoming a mandarin that zones different separately on the waste-gas cleaning assembly strengthened, thereby the stream temperature of waste gas especially shows as heat load in described zone.Certainly also it is contemplated that here and adjust to guarantee the functional of waste gas treatment assembly.
Description of drawings
Below also with reference to the accompanying drawing the present invention that elaborates.Here should illustrate, the schematically illustrated particularly preferred embodiment of described accompanying drawing, however the present invention is not limited to this.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of exhaust gas apparatus;
Fig. 2 schematically shows the structure of direct spray type diesel engine;
Fig. 3 schematically shows the post-injection of reducing agent;
Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of first catalytic converter;
Fig. 5 illustrates the embodiment of the element of construction of being made up of second catalytic converter and particle trapper; With
Fig. 6 schematically shows the thin portion perspective view of particle trapper as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically shows the perspective view of the exhaust gas apparatus 1 of the harmful matter 3 that is used for purifying gas flow 2.Along air-flow 2 flow directions 4, described exhaust gas apparatus 1 comprises 6, one second catalytic converters 7 of 5, one mixers of at least one first catalytic converter and a particle trapper 8.Be provided with the device that is used to import reducing agent in addition, described device only is arranged in the upstream of mixer 6.Here in internal-combustion engine 12 (diesel engine that preferably is used for passenger car), fuel 10 is ejected in the firing chamber 11 of each cylinder 24.Described fuel 10 burns with the suction air of high compression, and then enters surrounding environment by crossing flue gas leading 26.
Directly near internal-combustion engine 12,, a plurality of first catalytic converters 5 are set, wherein integrated one first catalytic converter 5 of difference in a pipe of exhaust manifold especially in distance less than 70cm.Shown in the form of implementation, in the upstream of the mixer 6 that is designed to vortex supercharger reducing agent 23 is flowed to exhaust flow by an independent supplying tube 14.Reducing agent 23 flows through mixer 6 vortex supercharger in other words, next arrives second catalytic converter 7.That described second catalytic converter 7 is designed to taper and be arranged in the extension of flue gas leading 26.Directly and this second catalytic converter joins and 44 a particle trapper 8 is set at a certain distance, described distance is preferably less than 5cm.The ternary catalyzing unit 27 that connects a known structure form in the particle trapper back.Spacing 43 between first catalytic converter 5 and the particle trapper 8 is at least 0.5 meter, and is preferred even above 1 meter.At this, the arrow that this usefulness 43 is represented is construed as just schematically, and actual spacing 43 is determined by air-flow 2 flow paths from the inlet that exports to particle trapper 8 of first catalytic converter 5.
Fig. 2 schematically and obviously illustrates firing chamber 11 to not to scale (NTS), and the application of for example described firing chamber in the direct spray type diesel engine is shown.Cylinder 24 comprises a piston 32, and wherein cylinder 24 and piston 32 limit the firing chamber 11 that is also referred to as cylinder displacement at least in part.Be furnished with a jet blower 9 in the body of this external internal-combustion engine 12, it also is connected with a control unit 16 with a fuel storage 15 simultaneously.The task of this jet blower 9 is, will limit in advance as required or the fuel 10 of the amount of pre-determining is ejected in the firing chamber 11, utilizes the suction air of high compression to light described fuel subsequently.Lighting of fuel-air mixture expanded this gaseous mixture, by the downward row pressure piston 32 of described expansion.After the burning, valve 33 moves up, and the waste gas in the firing chamber 11 is discharged by exhaust duct 13 streamwises 4.Shown in form in, exhaust valve 33 cuts out, thus jet blower 9 fine dispersion eject Actual combustion or send the fuel 10 of power aequum.
Fig. 3 schematically and with partial view shows the post-injection of fuel as reducing agent.Also schematically show 1 cylinder 24 and the piston 32 that limit firing chamber 1.Under the instantaneous state shown here, valve 33 is positioned at the position that exhaust flow can flow into exhaust duct 13 from the 11s, firing chamber.This moves up by piston 32 and realizes.Spray into the fuel of the needed desired amount of reduction particle trapper now to this firing chamber by jet blower 9.As far as possible so described fuel 10 is imported exhaust steam passage 13, a kind of to form " being rich in layer ".Here preferably be meant partial volume stream 25 with extra high hydrocarbon concentration.Unusual anoxic in described partial volume air-flow, this be a kind of in diesel exhaust because not enough burning and the state that can not exist usually.Schematically show in the part of amplifying in Fig. 3, air-flow 2 exhaust flow in other words includes harmful substances 3 and particulate 22, and their streamwises 4 flow forward by exhaust duct 13.Shown in harmful matter 3 and the part area gathered of particulate 22 in for catalytic reaction provides the oxygen of higher concentration, and in partial volume stream 25, almost do not have the ratio of oxygen molecule or oxygen molecule to be starkly lower than 50%, preferably be lower than 30%.This has guaranteed, described partial volume stream 25 can not cause strong exothermic reaction therein by first catalytic converter 5, and this exothermic reaction may cause damage to the vortex supercharger that is arranged in the downstream.
Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a kind of form of implementation of first changing of the catalysis device 5 with perspective view, this catalytic converter is used for the situation that pipe occurred of exhaust manifold shown in it.First catalytic converter 5 comprises a shell 31, arranges a plurality of thin plates 28 like this in described shell, to form the passage 29 that air-flow 2 can flow through.Although volume is less thus, but still formed the first bigger surface of contact 17.Described thin plate 28 partly forms (surface) structure, and is arranged to form the passage that is parallel to each other basically and extends.At first pile up thin plate 28 level and smooth and the formation ripple, then it is carried out the coiling of S shape (perhaps involute shape) and with in its installation shell 31, forms a kind of honeycomb ceramics in the inside of shell 31 thus.In order thin plate 28 to be fixed on the shell 31 or, mainly to adopt soldering tech for thin plate 28 is interfixed.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of second catalytic converter 7 and the particle trapper 8 of common formation element of construction 19 with perspective view.The feature of described element of construction 19 is that also described second catalytic converter 7 and particle trapper 8 are arranged in the sleeve pipe 34 jointly.In described flexible program, second catalytic converter 7 and particulate 8 form by a body 20, and described body comprises a plurality of thin plates 28, and described thin plate forms structure at least in part, to form the passage 29 that fluid can flow through.This for example also means, can adopt custom-designed metallic honeycomb bodies as this element of construction 19 in principle, and the general structural type of described honeycomb ceramics is known.
Metallic honeycomb bodies mainly is divided into two kinds of structural types.A kind of DE 29 02 776 A1 illustrate the spiral structural type of former structural type of its typical case, wherein mainly are level and smooth piling up mutually with a flaggy that forms ripple and spirality ground coiling, as shown in FIG. 5.In another kind of structural type, a plurality of arranged alternate of honeycomb ceramics level and smooth and form ripple or forms the flaggy formation of different ripples, and wherein, described flaggy at first forms piling up of one or more mutual windings.Here the end of all flaggies is positioned at outside and can be connected with shell or sleeve pipe, forms the joint that can improve the durability of honeycomb ceramics in a large number thus.The exemplary of this structural type has been described in EP0245737B1 or WO90/03220.For a long time, also knownly additional structure is set, flows and/or realize horizontal mixing between each flow channel to control to thin plate.The typical case of this design proposal has WO91/01178, WO91/01807 and WO90/08249.At last, also there is the honeycomb ceramics of cone structure form, also has in case of necessity and be used for control other additional structure that flows.This honeycomb ceramics for example has been described in WO97/49905.Known in addition, in honeycomb ceramics, reserve the recess that is used for prober, especially be used for installing lambda seeker.Its example has been described in DE8816154 U1.
The gas access side shown in the left side in Fig. 5, described body 20 has catalytically active coatings 21.Catalytically active coatings 21 combines with second surface of contact 18 that is partly formed by catalyst coatings 21 and guarantees effective conversion of reducing agent material; wherein can produce heat energy; described heat energy can obviously improve the temperature that whole body 20 is positioned at waste gas wherein in other words, for example is elevated to be higher than 600 ℃ temperature.The thin plate 28 here has the thickness 35 in 0.02 to 0.11mm scope.
Fig. 6 illustrates the structural type of particle trapper 8, and wherein this particle trapper is for example the same with particle trapper in the element of construction 19 shown in Figure 5.Here thin plate is called surge layer 36, because described surge layer 36 has the additional structure of the solid composition that is used for catching exhaust flow.But thin plate 29 also can be a surge layer 36 simultaneously in principle.Arrow is represented flow direction 4 and is indicated the flow path that the waste gas that contains particulate 22 can pass through in Fig. 6.At least have in the part area of particle trapper 8 at body 20, direct and surge layer 36 is adjacent to arrange a layer of fibers 37, and described layer of fibers has the hole 38 that is used to admit particulate 22.Surge layer 36 forms a plurality of passages 29, and described passage makes waste gas to cross described particle trapper 20 (principle: " open filter ") by free-draining.Mobile in order to control, surge layer 36 has the guide surface 40 that is limited by opening 39 at least in part.By opening 39 adjacent passage 29 is interconnected, thereby the branch air-flow in the adjacent passage 29 can exchange.Described guide plate 40 forms settling position 41 and eddy current positions 42, and described position guarantees on the one hand particulate 22 guide fiber layers 37, makes the particulate can be in the part area inner accumulated, until regenerating on the other hand.
Device described herein or method described here make and can utilize fuel to realize the regeneration of particulate filter by simple means, even at the member or the waste-gas cleaning assembly that are provided with other to particle trapper or to the flow path of the oxidation catalyzer that is located immediately at the particle trapper front.Combine with the exhaust gas apparatus with waste gas-vortex supercharger especially, described method is effective especially.
The reference number table
  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22 The exhaust gas apparatus air-flow nuisance Zhi airflow direction first catalytic converter blender second catalytic converter particle trapper jet blower fuel combustion chamber internal combustion engine exhaust pipe input pipe reducing agent storage part control module first contact-making surface second contact face structure unit body layer particulate   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44 Reducing agent cylinder part partial volume air-flow flue gas leading ternary catalyzing unit thin plate passage protuberance housing piston valve casing thickness undulated layer fibrage hole opening guide plate settling position eddy current location gap distance

Claims (17)

1. be used for purifying the exhaust gas apparatus (1) of the air-flow (2) that contains harmful matter (3), described exhaust gas apparatus comprises the structure that is used to import reducing agent at least along the flow direction (4) of air-flow (2) by described exhaust gas apparatus (1), one first catalytic converter (5) and a particle trapper (8), wherein, between described first catalytic converter (5) and particle trapper (8), at least one other waste-gas cleaning assembly and/or at least 0.5 meter distance are set, it is characterized in that, a mixer (6) and one second catalytic converter (7) directly are set in the front of described particle trapper (8).
2. according to the described exhaust gas apparatus of claim (1) (1), it is characterized in that described mixer (6) is that eddy current increases device.
3. exhaust gas apparatus according to claim 1 and 2 (1) is characterized in that, the structure that is used for supplying with reducing agent is at least one jet blower (9) that is used for providing in the firing chamber (11) of car combustion engine (12) fuel (10).
4. exhaust gas apparatus according to claim 3 (1) is characterized in that, described jet blower (9) is arranged to fuel (10) to be imported the exhaust duct (13) of internal-combustion engine (12).
5. each described exhaust gas apparatus (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that the supplying tube that at least one is independent (14) is set among the exhaust duct (13) of internal-combustion engine (12) and/or exhaust gas apparatus (1).
6. each described exhaust gas apparatus (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that, the device that is used to import reducing agent is connected with a reducing agent memory section (15) and a control unit (16), thereby can carry out the input of intermittent reducing agent.
7. each described exhaust gas apparatus (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that first catalytic converter (5) has at least a first surface of contact (17) that is included in harmful matter (3) oxidation in the air-flow (2) of promotion.
8. each described exhaust gas apparatus (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that second catalytic converter (7) has at least a second surface of contact (18) that is included in harmful matter (3) oxidation in the air-flow (2) of promotion.
9. each described exhaust gas apparatus (1) in requiring according to aforesaid right is characterized in that second catalytic converter (7) and particle trapper (8) form an element of construction (9).
10. exhaust gas apparatus according to claim 9 (1), it is characterized in that, second catalytic converter (7) and particle trapper (8) but form by the body (20) of a fluid percolation, described body at first has a catalytically active coatings (21) on flow direction (4), have the structure that is used to gather particulate (22) then.
11. be used for the method for regeneration of particle catcher (8), described particle trapper is arranged in the exhaust gas apparatus (1), wherein, described exhaust gas apparatus (1) comprises at least one first catalytic converter (5) on the flow direction (4) of air-flow (2), a vortex supercharger, one second catalytic converter (7) and described particle trapper (8) are in described method, upstream at vortex supercharger imports exhaust gas apparatus (1) with reducing agent (23), to carry out the regenerative process of particle trapper (8).
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the input of reducing agent is intermittently to carry out.
13., it is characterized in that according to claim 11 or 12 described methods, carry out the input of reducing agent by at least one jet blower (9), wherein fuel (10) is imported the firing chamber (11) of car combustion engine (12).
14. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, with the post-injection of fuel (10) in firing chamber (11), so that the unburned partial volume stream of fuel (10) (25) enters the exhaust duct (13) of internal-combustion engine (12).
15. according to claim 13 or 14 described methods, wherein internal-combustion engine (12) has a plurality of cylinders (24) that have a firing chamber (23) respectively, it is characterized in that, alternately carries out the injection of reducing agent in cylinder (24).
16., it is characterized in that the starting that reducing agent sprays is determined according to functional parameter of the description particle trapper (8) that records and/or calculate constantly according to each described method in the claim 11 to 15.
17. according to each described method in the claim 11 to 16, it is characterized in that, come the eject position of selective reduction agent according to the parameter of the temperature of the air-flow (2) in the part area that is described in exhaust gas apparatus (1) that records and/or calculate.
CNA200480017830XA 2003-05-09 2004-04-29 Method for regenerating a particle trap Pending CN1813120A (en)

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DE10321105A DE10321105A1 (en) 2003-05-09 2003-05-09 Regeneration of a particle trap
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KR20060019529A (en) 2006-03-03
WO2004099578A1 (en) 2004-11-18

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