The present patent application is to be that May 12 calendar year 2001, application number are that of patent application of the same name of 01121256.X divides an application the applying date.
Background technology
As the charging type power apparatus of the routine that is made of storage battery, what known is the supply unit shown in the circuit block diagram of Fig. 2.This structure discloses in the flat 4-75430 of the Japanese uncensored patent gazette that for example is entitled as " charging type power apparatus ".Just, storage battery 101 through switching circuit 103 connect external terminal-VO 105 or+VO 104.Charging and charge/discharge control circuit 102 also are connected in parallel with storage battery 101.
Charging/discharging control circuit 102 has the function of the voltage that detects storage battery 101.(cell voltage is higher than a kind of state of given magnitude of voltage to be in overcharge condition at storage battery; Hereinafter referred to as " additives for overcharge protection state ") or (cell voltage is lower than a kind of state of given magnitude of voltage to be in over-discharge state; Hereinafter referred to as " over state ") situation under, signal of charging/discharging control circuit 102 output disconnects switching circuit 103.In addition, when external terminal+VO 104 reached certain voltage, if discharge operation stops, it can limit the electric current of the switching circuit 103 of flowing through.In other words, discharge operation can stop (crossing current control) when the electric current of the switching circuit 103 of flowing through is excessive.This state is hereinafter referred to as " overcurrent protection state ".
As another example of the normal charge formula supply unit that is made of storage battery, what also know is the supply unit shown in the circuit block diagram of Fig. 3.Designing this circuit is connected in series the negative pole 111 of the switching circuit shown in Fig. 2 103 with storage battery.
Fig. 4 has shown the conventional example of the circuit block diagram of a concrete charging/discharging control circuit.Storage battery 101 is connected to an external terminal-VO 105 through switching circuit 103.Switching circuit 103 is made up of two n channel fets (field-effect transistor).The voltage that charging/discharging control circuit 102 detects on the storage battery 101.Charging/discharging control circuit 102 is by the detection comparator 119 that overcharges, an overdischarge detection comparator 118, an overcurrent detection comparator 117, a reference voltage circuit A 116, a reference voltage circuit B 114,120, one bleeder circuit B121 of a bleeder circuit A, output logic control circuit 124 compositions such as grade.Charging/discharging control circuit 102 is connected to switching circuit 103 so that the on/off signal of transmit button circuit 103 by holding wire 107A and 107B.The charger that storage battery 101 is charged and the equipment that can drive by storage battery 101 (load of seeing from storage battery) be connected external terminal+VO 104 and-VO 105 between.FET-A 112 and FET-B 113 be connected in series to external terminal-VO 105 or+VO 104.
Overcharge detection comparator 119 and overdischarge detection comparator 118 has a function, can the voltage on voltage on the storage battery 101 and the reference voltage circuit 116 be compared.Output separately sends a signal to terminal 125A and 125B according to comparator 119 and 118 owing to output logic control circuit 124, and FET grid voltage separately is according to each state variation, so that the operation of the charge/discharge of on/off storage battery.For example, in overcharge condition, the positive input terminal voltage of the detection comparator 119 that overcharges is higher than the voltage of reference voltage circuit 116, and the output of comparator 119 is from the low height that transforms to.When output signal is input to output logic control circuit 124, the grid voltage of the FET-B113 in switching circuit from hypermutation to low.As a result, discharging current does not flow into storage battery 101, thereby stops charging operations.
Overcurrent detection comparator 117 relatively the voltage of external terminal-VO 105 and the voltage on the reference voltage circuit B114 and according to signal of each state output to output logic control circuit 124.At the overcurrent protection state, signal of output logic control circuit 124 transmissions so that stop discharge operation, sends a signal to FET-C 126s to FET-A 112 simultaneously, thereby reduces the voltage of external terminal-VO 105 by resistance 127.After having detected overcurrent, when load 109 exceeds the overcurrent protection state, just need to descend, so that the voltage of stablizing external terminal-VO 105 is on the voltage of reference voltage B 114 or lower and turn back to normal condition.
Although the switching circuit above replacing with FET realizes that switch is possible, need to change the grid current potential of FET and base potential so that reach above-mentioned result.If do not carry out above-mentioned change, because the source potential of FET is higher than drain potential, above-mentioned charge/discharge control is impossible.At present, adopt two FET to control charge/discharge usually.
Yet, in the control circuit of the charge/discharge that constitutes like this, when load exceeds overcurrent protection state and charging/discharging control circuit and turns back to normal condition, with the following shortcoming that occurs with reference to figure 4 narrations.
When load exceeds the overcurrent protection state,, need make the voltage of external terminal-VO 105 become the voltage Va of reference voltage B 114 or lower for charging/discharging control circuit can recover automatically.For this reason, when load exceeded the overcurrent protection state, open-circuit impedance must be a steady state value (Ra) or greater than resistance 127 (Rb).If storage battery 101 is Vb, Ra can be expressed from the next.
Ra>Rb(Vb/Va-1) …(1)
In course of normal operation, Vb is set to about 3.5V usually.Under the situation that charge is made up of semiconductor integrated circuit, when charger 108 is connected to charge, because the current potential of external terminal-VO 105 becomes the current potential of the negative pole 111 that is lower than storage battery, and electric current is from the drain electrode of FET-C 126 resistance 127 (Rb) of flowing through, and Rb is set as about 100K Ω usually so that limit this electric current.Va is made as about 0.1V usually, and its value is based on the resistance of FET-A 112 and FET-B 113 and flow through that the electric current of resistance is provided with.
If value above-mentioned is input in the formula (1), Ra is expressed as follows:
RA>100KΩ(3.5V/0.1-1)=3.4MΩ
Embodiment
With reference now to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 1 is the circuit square frame exemplary plot of explanation according to a charging type power apparatus of the present invention.
In the circuit that Fig. 1 shows, overcurrent returns detection comparator 128 and a reference voltage C 129 is added in the circuit of Fig. 4.Reference voltage C 129 is set as voltage Vc, and it is higher than reference voltage B 114.When having served as current sense comparator 117 and having detected an overcurrent, overcurrent is returned detection comparator 128 and is in and returns detected state, and FET-A 112 not output logic control circuit 124 connects, up to overcurrent return detection comparator 128 oppositely till so that do not break down.Equally, FET-A 112 does not disconnect the time reversal that returns in overcurrent up to overcurrent detection comparator 117.In this case, if Vc is 1V, open-circuit impedance Ra is represented by following expression (1):
Ra>100KΩ(3.5V/1V-1)=0.25MΩ
In this case, the voltage in overcurrent test side 115, promptly the return voltage that detects from overcurrent is 1V.
As mentioned above, because it is 0.1V that overcurrent detects voltage, and the return voltage that detects from overcurrent is 1V, even the open-circuit impedance of load is 1M Ω or is less than 1M Ω, charge must turn back to normal condition from overcurrent condition, and this is conspicuous.
Fig. 5 is explanation another circuit square frame exemplary plot according to charging type power apparatus of the present invention.
Be with the difference of the circuit of Fig. 1, switching circuit 103 is made up of a FET-D 132 and FET-E 133 of P channel fet, and the structure of charging/discharging control circuit 102 changes with the need so that the switching circuit of being made up of the P channel fet 103 is controlled.The detection comparator 119 that overcharges, an overdischarge detection comparator 118, a reference voltage circuit A 116, a bleeder circuit A 120,121, one hysteresis circuit A 122 of a bleeder circuit B and a hysteresis circuit B 123 have formed one jointly and have overcharged/discharge detection circuit 141.
Except a benchmark changed to the positive voltage terminal of storage battery 101, the work of overcurrent sensing circuit 142 was identical with the circuit shown in Fig. 1.Overcurrent detection comparator 117 relatively external terminal+VO 104 is exported a signal to output logic control circuit 144 with the voltage of reference voltage B 114 and according to each state.At the overcurrent protection state, signal of output logic control circuit 144 transmissions, sends a signal simultaneously to FET-F 156, thereby promotes external terminal+VO 104 by resistance 127 so that stop discharge operation to FET-D 132.After detecting overcurrent, when load 109 exceeds the overcurrent protection state, need reduce the voltage of external terminal+VO 104 so that be stabilized in the voltage of reference voltage B 114 or lower and return this state to normal condition.
The reference voltage C 129 that is made as voltage Vc is higher than reference voltage B 114.When having served as current sense comparator 117 and having detected overcurrent, overcurrent is returned detection comparator 128 and is in a kind of detected state that returns, and FET-D 132 not output logic control circuit 144 connects, up to overcurrent return detection comparator 128 oppositely till so that do not break down.Similarly, FET-D 132 does not disconnect up to overcurrent detection comparator 117 till the time reversal that overcurrent is returned.In this case, open-circuit impedance Ra to be representing with the same way as of expression formula (1), and Ra is by using above-mentioned Rb, and the value of Vb and Vc is the same with the expression among Fig. 1.
Ra>100KΩ(3.5V/1V-1)=0.25MΩ
In this case, the voltage in overcurrent test side 115, promptly the return voltage that detects from overcurrent is 3.5 to 1V.
As mentioned above, because it is 3.5 to 0.1V and the return voltage that detects from overcurrent is 3.5 to 1V that overcurrent detects voltage, even the open-circuit impedance of load is 1M Ω or is less than 1M Ω, charge must turn back to normal condition from overcurrent condition, and this is conspicuous.
As mentioned above, even under the situation that switching circuit 103 is made up of the P channel fet, it is obvious carrying out identical operation.
Fig. 6 is explanation another circuit square frame exemplary plot according to charging type power apparatus of the present invention.
The circuit of Fig. 6 has increased in the circuit of a resistance 161 to Fig. 4.Resistance 161 is connected between the input and resistance 127 of overcurrent test side 115 and overcurrent detection comparator 117.Under the situation of carrying out detection of excessive current, because FET-C 126 disconnects, when having served as current detecting end 115 and becoming the current potential of reference voltage B 114 among Fig. 4, overcurrent is detected.On the other hand, detecting under the situation about returning from overcurrent, because FET-C126 connects, when the current potential that has served as current detecting end 115 was higher than reference voltage B 114, charge was returned.
Suppose that open-circuit impedance is not Ra when load is inconsistent, the resistance of resistance 127 is Rb, and the resistance of resistance 161 is Rc, is Vb if the voltage of reference voltage B 114 is the voltage of Va and storage battery 101, and Ra can represent with following formula.
Ra>Rb(Vb/Va-1)-Rc …(2)
In this case, the voltage of overcurrent test side 115, promptly detect the voltage Vd that returns from overcurrent and be expressed as follows:
Vd<(Rb+Rc)/Rb*Va …(22)
In this expression formula, for example, suppose Rb=10K Ω, Rc=90K Ω, Va=0.1V and Vb=3.5V,
Ra>10KΩ(3.5V/0.1V-1)-90KΩ=0.25MΩ
Vd<(10KΩ+90KΩ)/10KΩ*0.1V=1V
As mentioned above, because it is 0.1V that overcurrent detects voltage, and the return voltage that detects from overcurrent is 1V, even the open-circuit impedance of load is 1M Ω or is less than 1M Ω, charge must turn back to normal condition from overcurrent condition, and this is conspicuous.
In addition, because Rb+Rc=100K Ω, the input impedance of overcurrent test side 115 is identical with impedance among Fig. 4.By the way, because Rb and Rc can arbitrarily be provided with, returning required open-circuit impedance from the overcurrent detection can arbitrarily be provided with according to purposes.
Fig. 7 is explanation another circuit square frame exemplary plot again according to charging type power apparatus of the present invention.
In Fig. 7, the structure that use is formed the charging type power apparatus of switching circuit 103 by the P-channel fet becomes identical with the structure of Fig. 6.Obviously carry out with Fig. 6 identical operations.
Fig. 8 is explanation another circuit square frame exemplary plot again according to charging type power apparatus of the present invention.
The circuit of Fig. 8 has the two function of Fig. 1 and Fig. 6.
Suppose that open-circuit impedance is Ra when load exceeds, the resistance of resistor 127 is Rb, and the resistance of resistor 161 is Rc, and the voltage of storage battery 101 is that the voltage of Vb and reference voltage C 129 is Vc, and Ra can be represented by the formula.
Ra>Rb(Vb/Vc-1)-Rc …(3)
In this case, the voltage of overcurrent test side 115, promptly detect the voltage Vd that returns from overcurrent and be expressed as follows:
Vd<(Rb+Rc)/Rb*Vc …(22)
In this expression formula, for example, suppose Rb=136K Ω, Rc=90K Ω, Vb=3.5V, and Vc=1V,
Ra>136KΩ(3.5V/1V-1)-90KΩ=0.25MΩ
Vd<(136KΩ+90KΩ)/136KΩ*1V=1.66V
As mentioned above, because it is 0.1V that overcurrent detects voltage, and the return voltage that detects from overcurrent is 1.66V, even the open-circuit impedance of load is 1M Ω or is less than 1M Ω, charge must turn back to normal condition from overcurrent condition, and this is conspicuous.
In addition because Rb+Rc=226K Ω, even have with other examples in identical return impedance, the input impedance of overcurrent test side 115 can be set to height.When charger 108 is connected to charge, be lower than the current potential of battery terminal negative by the current potential that makes external terminal-VO105, in charge 102 is under the situation about being formed by semiconductor integrated circuit, and this electric current that flows through the parasitic diode of FET-C 126 for restriction is effective.
Fig. 9 is explanation another circuit square frame exemplary plot again according to charging type power apparatus of the present invention.
In Fig. 9, the structure that use is formed the charging type power apparatus of switching circuit 103 by the P channel fet becomes identical with the structure of Fig. 8.Obviously carry out operation identical operations with Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is expression another circuit square frame exemplary plot again according to charging type power apparatus of the present invention.
The circuit of Figure 10 is adjusted circuit 162 to a return voltage and is increased in the circuit of Fig. 6.Return voltage is adjusted circuit 162 and for example can be made up of a fuse, with the ratio of resistor 127 and resistor 161 can be by disconnecting a fuse and regulating arbitrarily arbitrarily, and regulate the return voltage that detects from overcurrent so that respond the request of various open-circuit impedances fast.Much less, return voltage is adjusted circuit 162 and can be used for other embodiment except that Fig. 6 embodiment.
In addition, return voltage is adjusted circuit 162 and can be made of circuit arbitrarily, as long as this circuit can be regulated return voltage, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
In addition, float in order stably to control the excessive voltage that causes owing to various factors, comprise because the interpolation of load 109 above-mentioned and charger 108/remove caused, it is effective partly increasing a delay circuit at the needs of the charging/discharging control circuit 102 of this embodiment.
For example,, output to FET-A 112 up to a signal because detection signal and inverse signal are input to output logic control circuit 24, FET-B 113 and FET-C 126, if increase a suitable delay circuit, can very stable controlling.
The circuit of this embodiment has solved the problem that custom circuit exists, and is aforesaid, and all environment that use storage battery are not had bad influence.
Above-mentioned all embodiment control the work of the charge/discharge of storage battery.Yet, even a plurality of batteries are connected in series,, make the voltage of each battery to detect by charging/discharging control circuit 102 if change structure, charge can constitute simply, and also is effective in the such structure of the present invention.
In this embodiment, charging/discharging control circuit also can be made of a C-MOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) circuit except can being made of a bipolar transistor, and realizes it being easy.
In addition, when charge when overcurrent condition turns back to normal condition, if another that constitutes that the present invention makes that it has the detection voltage that is different from detection of excessive current returns detection voltage, can use any other circuit structure, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, even make load open circuit by a resistance that is equal to or less than 1M Ω, charge must turn back to normal condition from overcurrent condition, thereby has improved reliability of products.
For the purpose that illustrates and narrate, the description of front has provided a plurality of embodiment of the present invention.Not exclusively or to limit the invention in disclosed form accurately, and the enlightenment that maybe can from the present invention practice, obtain according to above-mentioned instruction, various modifications and variations are possible.Selecting and describing embodiment only is in order to explain principle of the present invention and practical application thereof, makes those of ordinary skill in the art can utilize the present invention of various embodiment and has the various modifications that are suitable for specific application.Protection scope of the present invention is limited by appended claim or the scope equivalent with it.