CN1805650A - Atomic beam generating method and device for atomic chip - Google Patents
Atomic beam generating method and device for atomic chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN1805650A CN1805650A CN 200510056940 CN200510056940A CN1805650A CN 1805650 A CN1805650 A CN 1805650A CN 200510056940 CN200510056940 CN 200510056940 CN 200510056940 A CN200510056940 A CN 200510056940A CN 1805650 A CN1805650 A CN 1805650A
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 73
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for generating an atomic beam for an atomic chip. The device comprises a vacuum chamber, an atom source, a two-dimensional fine adjustment table, a magnet and an internal and external optical path system; the internal and external optical path system comprises a main laser and a re-pumping laser; an 1/4 wave plate reflector group with a hole in the center and a straight wire group are arranged in the vacuum chamber; and preparing atoms to an optimal weak field searching state by adopting optical pumping laser and re-pumping laser in the magnetic optical trap. The device has small volume and simple structure, can provide an optimal weak field searching state for an atom chip, has low longitudinal speed, uniform distribution, almost zero transverse speed and high density, and can be applied to the research of atom guidance on the chip, wave splitting, interference, atomic clock and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC).
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of atom chip with atomic beam preparation, transportation and charger, particularly a kind of for the atom chip provide and load optimum feeble field is searched attitude, longitudinal velocity is low and be evenly distributed, the method for generation and the device thereof of lateral velocity is almost nil, density is high atomic beam.
Background technology
At present, the atomic beam method for generation that adopts in the atom chip mainly contains two kinds: hot atomic beam and supercool atomic beam (being the Bose-Einstein condensation body).Hot atomic beam generally is directly atomic source to be heated, form the atom vapor bundle and from spout, spray, utilize and it is slowed down, be loaded into chip surface by minute surface magneto-optic trap (Mirror MOT) then with the relative beam of laser of atom vapor bundle velocity attitude, as document 1:J.Denschlag, D.Cassettari, A.Chenetl, S.Schneider, J.Schmiedmayer, Appl.Phys.B, 1999, put down in writing among the 69:291-301.Though this method has advantage of simple structure and since from the atomic beam of spout ejection each to speed higher relatively and skewness; And various atoms are mixed in together, and minute surface magneto-optic trap is difficult to capture the atom of sufficient amount and density, thereby limited the imprison efficient of magnetic well.
The supercool atomic beam, that is: Bose-Einstein condensation body, generally to prepare the Bose-Einstein condensation body earlier, utilize minute surface magneto-optic trap to be loaded into chip surface then, as document 2:Peter D.D.Schwindt, Ph.D thesis, JILA, University of Colorado, that is put down in writing in 2003 is made up of conical mirror chamber, vaporium and application cavity.Though the Bose-Einstein condensation body atomic source of this method preparation has characteristics such as unicity is good, VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION is even, but preparation Bose-Einstein condensation body needs multistage magneto-optic trap, system is huge, complex structure, vacuum degree is had relatively high expectations, and can not realize well that the thermal insulation transportation of atomic beam and chip load, the supercool atom has when transmitting between the magneto-optic trap to be dispersed and spatter loss, has reduced system effectiveness.
Because the density of the controllable atom of chip magnetic well that prior art produces is lower, and chip magnetic well imprison ability has certain restriction, therefore wish can chip surface obtain that optimum feeble field is searched attitude, longitudinal velocity is low and be evenly distributed, lateral velocity is very low, density is high atomic beam.
Summary of the invention
It is little, simple in structure to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of volume, can for the atom chip provide that optimum feeble field is searched attitude, longitudinal velocity is low and be evenly distributed, lateral velocity is almost nil, density is high atomic beam, can be applicable to the atomic beam generating means of atom guiding on chip, partial wave, interference, atomic clock and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) research.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of atom chip atomic beam generating means comprises vacuum chamber, atomic source, two dimension fine setting platform and interior outside optical system; As shown in Figure 2, atomic source 32 links to each other with vacuum chamber by valve; Two dimension is finely tuned the inside and outside vacuum insulation of platform 33 by the bellows vacuum chamber, and the chip platform 29 of an adjusting atom chip position is installed on the two dimension fine setting platform 33; Wherein interior outside optical system comprises first laser, acousto-optic modulator, spectroscope, speculum, quarter wave plate and right-angle prism; The cooling laser that is used for cooling of atoms of first laser output enters acousto-optic modulator through spectroscope and speculum, and the windowpane by vacuum chamber enters vacuum chamber again; As shown in Figure 1, incide the three-dimensional magneto-optic trap that 1,2,13,15,18, the 19 and second pairs of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coils 14 of the cooling laser that is used for cooling of atoms in the vacuum chamber constitute, this three-dimensional magneto-optic trap is caught the atomic source steam bundle 17 of pyrogen component spout ejection and is cooled off, wherein cooling laser 15 be cooling laser 1 through being positioned at the reflector laser that an outer quarter wave plate of vacuum chamber and a speculum obtain, cooling laser 18 is that cooling laser 2 is through being positioned at the reflector laser that an outer quarter wave plate of vacuum chamber and a speculum obtain; Form minute surface magneto-optic trap jointly by cooling laser 5,9,8,12, chip minute surface 11 and first pair of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coil 6; It is characterized in that, comprise second laser in the outside optical system in described, second laser sends pumping laser again and enters vacuum chamber through acousto-optic modulator, spectroscope and the speculum windowpane by vacuum chamber; Also be included in the center that is equipped with in the described vacuum chamber and have the quarter wave plate reflector group 4 and the straight lead group 3 in hole, this quarter wave plate reflector group 4 is fixed on vacuum chamber by the 3rd clip 27 that is positioned at the vacuum chamber middle part, described straight lead group 3 is by the straight lead of N root, and straight lead two ends are installed on vacuum chamber inwall symmetrically arranged first clip 23 in middle part and second clip 25 fixing and form, the straight lead of N root is parallel to each other, and the sense of current of adjacent wires is reverse mutually; It is outer perpendicular to the parallel placement of longitudinal axis direction to comprise that also first magnet 7 and second magnet 20 are arranged on vacuum chamber; Adopt in the described three-dimensional magneto-optic trap optical pumping laser 16 and again pumping laser 1 ', 2 ', 13 ', 15 ', 18 ', 19 ' atom be prepared into optimum feeble field search on the attitude, wherein relative with optical pumping laser 16 conllinear and direction laser is that optical pumping laser 16 is through being positioned at the reflector laser of a vacuum chamber right-angle prism outward; In minute surface magneto-optic trap, adopt optical pumping laser 10 and again pumping laser 5 ', 8 ', 9 ', 12 ' to the effect of atom cloud cluster, atom is prepared into optimum feeble field searches on the attitude, wherein relative with optical pumping laser 10 conllinear and direction laser is that optical pumping laser 10 is through being positioned at the reflector laser of the outer right-angle prism of vacuum chamber.
Described atom chip atomic beam generating means, as shown in Figure 3, comprise that also one is used to detect first speculum 52, the 8th speculum 74, the 9th speculum 75 and the 3rd acousto-optic modulator 55 that the atom chip is caught former subcase, be arranged on and produce imaging laser on the light path of first laser and enter minute surface magneto-optic trap.
Described straight lead group 3 comprises the straight lead of N root, and wherein N is the even number more than or equal to 4.
The quarter wave plate reflector group 4 that described center has the hole is to be bonded together in proper order and constituted by quarter wave plate A, speculum A, speculum B, quarter wave plate B (not shown), and its center hole diameter is 0.5～1mm.
Described first magnet 7 and second magnet 20 are permanent magnet or field coil.
A kind of application rights requires 1 described atom chip to produce the method for atomic beam with the atomic beam generating means, may further comprise the steps:
1). at first vacuum chamber is evacuated to vacuum degree and is better than 6 * 10
-8Pa;
2). the atomic source 32 that heating, vacuum is indoor, open valve, the atom vapor ejection makes the atom vapor that forms saturated concentration in the vacuum chamber;
3). adopt three-dimensional magneto-optic trap hot atom is caught and to cool off, be cooled to below the 200 μ k, form the cold atom cloud cluster, utilize simultaneously optical pumping laser 16 and again pumping laser 1 ', 2 ', 13 ', 15 ', 18 ', 19 ' atom is prepared on the optimum feeble field search attitude;
4). utilize the straight lead group 3 of the N root of the current opposite in direction parallel to form the tubulose magnetic wells, be subjected to the horizontal imprison of magnetic well when making the atomic group outgoing with the atomic beam exit direction, can lateral expansion and disperse; Be placed in outer vertical of vacuum chamber and form uniform magnetic field in the vertical with the first parallel relative magnet 7 and second magnet 20 of longitudinal axis, make atom in transportation Larmor precession frequency greater than the capture frequency of magnetic well, the attitude that guarantees atom does not change, and realizes adiabatic transmission;
5). utilize the vertical radiation pressure imbalance of laser, the atom cloud cluster is released from the aperture at quarter wave plate reflector group 4 centers; Utilize the cooling laser 8 relative with atomic beam, pumping laser 8 ' slows down to atomic beam again;
6). the atom cloud cluster is by behind the aperture of quarter wave plate reflector group 4, employing minute surface magneto-optic trap cools off atom and captures on the chip surface 11, utilize simultaneously optical pumping laser 10 and the more general laser 5 ', 8 ', 9 ' of pump to the effect of atom cloud cluster, atom is prepared into optimum feeble field searches on the attitude, form high density atom bundle.
Atom chip provided by the invention is with the method for generation of atomic beam and the advantage of device:
1. the vacuum degree requirement is relatively low, is better than 6 * 10
-8Pa gets final product.
2. vacuum chamber has been realized miniaturization Design, and overall dimensions is less than 30cm * 20cm * 25cm.
3. adopt optical pumping laser and three-dimensional pumping laser again in the magneto-optic trap, make the atomic density that enters magnetic well increase, have optimum feeble field and search attitude, magnetic well is more prone to the manipulation of atom.
4. the tubulose magnetic well that utilizes carrying flow direct conducting wire to form has guaranteed that atomic beam horizontal proliferation can not take place in transportation.
5. the vertically even low-intensity magnetic field of utilizing two magnets to form guarantees the change frequency of the Larmor precession frequency of atom greater than magnetic field, has realized the thermal insulation transportation of atom.
6. utilize in the minute surface magneto-optic trap on the atomic beam longitudinal velocity direction rightabout cooling laser 8 and again pumping laser 8 ' realized the deceleration of atomic beam.
7. utilize minute surface magneto-optic trap to realize that the further cooling of atom and chip load.
8. enter the effect of the atom of chip magnetic well through two-stage magneto-optic trap, lateral velocity is littler, and VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION is more even.
Description of drawings
The preparation of Fig. 1 chip cold atomic beam, transportation and chip loading system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the elevation cross-sectional view of this device;
Fig. 2 (a) is the profile of A-A position among Fig. 2;
Fig. 2 (b) is the vertical view of this device;
Fig. 2 (c) is the profile of C-C position among Fig. 2 (b);
Fig. 2 (d) is the profile of B-B position among Fig. 2;
Outside optical system figure in Fig. 3.
The drawing explanation:
Among Fig. 1
1 expression σ
-Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 7th windowpane 40;
1 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 7th windowpane 40;
2 expression σ
-Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 9th windowpane 42;
2 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 9th windowpane 42;
The straight lead group of 3 expressions;
4 expression quarter wave plate reflector group;
5 expression σ
+Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 3rd windowpane 34;
5 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 3rd windowpane 34;
First pair of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coil of 6 expressions;
7 expressions, first magnet;
8 expression σ
+Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from second windowpane 30;
8 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from second windowpane 30;
9 expression σ
-Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 4th windowpane 35;
9 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 4th windowpane 35;
10 expression optical pumping laser enter the magneto-optic trap from the 5th windowpane 36;
11 expression chip minute surfaces;
12 expression σ
-Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap, is the reverberation of cooling laser 8;
12 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap, is again pumping laser 8 ' reverberation;
13 expression σ
-Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap, is the reverberation of cooling laser 19;
13 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap; It is again the reverberation of pumping laser 19 '
Second pair of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coil of 14 expressions;
15 expression σ
+Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 11 windowpane 44;
15 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 11 windowpane 44;
16 expression optical pumping laser enter the magneto-optic trap from the tenth windowpane 43;
17 expression atomic source steam bundles;
18 expression σ
+Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 14 windowpane 47;
18 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from the 14 windowpane 47;
19 expression σ
+Cooling laser enters the magneto-optic trap from first windowpane 21;
19 ' represents that again pumping laser enters the magneto-optic trap from first windowpane 21;
20 expressions, second magnet;
Among Fig. 2
21 expressions, first windowpane; 22 expression vacuum gauges; 23 expressions, first clip;
25 expressions, second clip; 27 expressions the 3rd clip; 28 expression detection window;
29 expression chip platforms; 30 expressions, second windowpane; 31 expression wire binding post flanges;
32 expression atomic sources; 33 expression prototype with displacement resolution; 34 expressions the 3rd windowpane;
35 expressions the 4th windowpane; 36 expressions the 5th windowpane; 37 expressions the 6th windowpane;
38 expressions, the first external vacuum pump flange; 39 expressions, the second external vacuum pump flange;
40 expressions the 7th windowpane; 41 expressions the 8th windowpane; 42 expressions the 9th windowpane;
43 expressions the tenth windowpane; 44 expressions the 11 windowpane; 45 expressions the 12 windowpane;
46 expressions the 13 windowpane; 47 expressions the 14 windowpane;
Among Fig. 3
48 expression main lasers; 49 expressions, first spectroscope; 50 expressions, second spectroscope;
51 expressions the 3rd spectroscope; 52 expressions, first speculum; 53 expression first sound-optic modulators;
54 expression second sound-optic modulators; 55 expressions the 3rd acousto-optic modulator; 56 represent pump laser again;
57 expression falling tone optical modulators; 58 expressions the 4th spectroscope; 59 expression fifth sound optical modulators;
60 expressions, second speculum; 61 expressions the 5th spectroscope; 62 expressions the 6th spectroscope;
The three-dimensional magneto-optic trap of 63 expressions; 64 expressions, first quarter wave plate; 65 expressions the 3rd speculum;
66 expressions, first right-angle prism; 67 expressions the 4th speculum; 68 expressions, second quarter wave plate;
69 expressions the 5th speculum; 70 expressions the 6th speculum; 71 expressions the 7th speculum;
72 expression minute surface magneto-optic traps; 73 expressions, second right-angle prism; 74 expressions the 8th speculum;
75 expressions the 9th speculum.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Atom chip atomic beam generating means provided by the invention comprises atomic source, vacuum chamber, two dimension fine setting platform, magnet (permanent magnet or field coil) and interior outside optical system.
As shown in Figure 1, the three-dimensional magneto-optic trap that 1,2,13,15,18,19 and second pairs of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coils 14 of cooling laser constitute is caught the atomic source steam bundle 17 of pyrogen component spout ejection and is cooled off, wherein cooling laser 15 be cooling laser 1 through being positioned at the reflection cooling laser that an outer quarter wave plate of vacuum chamber and a speculum (not shown in figure 1) obtain, cooling laser 18 is that cooling laser 2 is through being positioned at the reflection cooling laser that an outer quarter wave plate of vacuum chamber and a speculum (not shown in figure 1) obtain; Form minute surface magneto-optic trap jointly by cooling laser 5,9,8,12, chip minute surface 11 and first pair of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coil 6; Atomic beam is captured to chip surface and further cooling in minute surface magneto-optic trap; In three-dimensional magneto-optic trap, adopt optical pumping laser 16 and again pumping laser 1 ', 2 ', 13 ', 15 ', 18 ', 19 ' atom be prepared into optimum feeble field search on the attitude, wherein relative with optical pumping laser 16 conllinear and direction laser is that optical pumping laser 16 is through being positioned at the reflector laser of a vacuum chamber right-angle prism (not shown in figure 1) outward; In minute surface magneto-optic trap, adopt optical pumping laser 10 and again pumping laser 5 ', 8 ', 9 ' to the effect of atom cloud cluster, atom is prepared into optimum feeble field searches on the attitude, wherein relative with optical pumping laser 10 conllinear and direction laser is that optical pumping laser 10 is through being positioned at the reflector laser of the outer right-angle prism (not shown in figure 1) of vacuum chamber; First magnet 7 (field coil or permanent magnet) is arranged on vacuum chamber outward perpendicular to the parallel placement of longitudinal axis direction with second magnet 20 (field coil or permanent magnet), be used in the transmission direction of atomic beam, producing even strong low-intensity magnetic field, the attitude that guarantees atom does not change, and realizes adiabatic transmission.
Vacuum chamber structure as shown in Figure 2, vacuum chamber is provided with first windowpane 21, detection window 28, second windowpane 30, the 3rd windowpane 34, the 4th windowpane 35, the 5th windowpane 36, the 6th windowpane 37, the 7th windowpane 40, the 8th windowpane 41, the 9th windowpane 42, the tenth windowpane 43, the 11 windowpane 44, the 12 windowpane 45, the 13 windowpane 46, the 14 windowpane 47, wherein the 7th windowpane 40 and the 11 windowpane 44, the 8th windowpane 41 and the 13 windowpane 46, the 9th windowpane 42 and the 14 windowpane 47, the tenth windowpane 43 is relative in twos with the 12 windowpane 45, as shown in Figure 1, select two pairs of orthogonal windowpanes to be used for magneto-optic trap cooling laser 1,2,15,18 and pumping laser 1 ' again, 2 ', 15 ', 18 ' optical window, remaining two pairs of optical window can be chosen a pair of optical window as optical pumping laser 16 wantonly, and remaining a pair of optical window is used for observing and detection window.The 5th windowpane 36 and the 6th windowpane 37 also are oppositely arranged and are used for optical pumping laser 10 optical windows.The 3rd windowpane 34 and the 4th windowpane 35 be vertical mutually to be used for minute surface magneto-optic trap cooling laser 5,9 and pumping laser 5 ', 9 ' optical window again.First windowpane 21 is used for the magneto-optic trap cooling laser 19 and the optical window of pumping laser 19 ' again.Detection window 28 is used for detecting.Second windowpane 30 is used to detect optical window, simultaneously as minute surface magneto-optic trap cooling laser 8, the optical window of pumping laser 8 ' again.Vacuum gauge 22 is used to measure the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber; Flange 38,39 is used to install vacuum pump.
Quarter wave plate reflector group 4 and straight lead group 3 are installed in the vacuum chamber, described quarter wave plate reflector group 4 is by a quarter wave plate, one speculum, one speculum, the one quarter wave plate formation that bonds together in proper order, center band diameter is the aperture of 0.5～1mm, this mirror group is fixed on vacuum chamber by the 3rd clip 27 that is positioned at the vacuum chamber middle part, be used for producing Fig. 1 cooling laser 19, the reflector laser 13 of pumping laser 19 ' again, 13 ' and minute surface magneto-optic trap cooling laser 8, the reflector laser 8 ' of pumping laser 8 ' again, 12 ', vertically forming the aperture of laser emission pressure imbalance with atom cloud cluster release quarter wave plate reflector group 4 centers; Straight lead group 3 is made up of many (the even number roots more than or equal to 4) straight lead, be installed in the vacuum chamber inwall by first clip 23 and second clip 25 that is positioned at the symmetry placement of vacuum chamber middle part, straight lead is parallel to each other and places about the longitudinal axis symmetry, the sense of current of lead is reverse mutually, be used to produce the tubulose magnetic well, the assurance atomic beam is not dispersed in the transmission course between two magneto-optic traps;
Atomic source 32 links to each other with vacuum chamber by valve, can produce atom vapor bundle (being atom vapor bundle 17 among Fig. 1) through heating.The low-melting alkali metal of the general employing of atomic source, as: natural rubidium, caesium etc.Generally be encapsulated in the sealed glass bubble, the bubble that need break glass during use produces steam by heating then, sprays into vacuum chamber.
Two dimension fine setting platform 33 is the chip platform 29 of mounting core chip module on it by the inside and outside vacuum insulation of bellows realization vacuum chamber.
Interior outside optical system, as shown in Figure 3, by two laser constitutions: main laser 48 and pump laser 56 again, main laser 48 is used to produce cooling laser, optical pumping laser and imaging laser, and pump laser 56 is used to produce pumping laser more again.The cooling laser that main laser 48 sends enters first sound-optic modulator 53, the 4th spectroscope 58, second sound-optic modulator 54, the 3rd acousto-optic modulator 55 respectively through first spectroscope 49, second spectroscope 50, the 3rd spectroscope 51 and first speculum 52; The cooling laser that is come out by the 4th spectroscope 58 synthesizes beam of laser again by fifth sound optical modulator 59 with the pumping laser again that comes out through falling tone optical modulator 57 that is sent by pump laser 56 again, be divided into two bundle laser through the 6th spectroscope 62, cooling laser 2 among a branch of Fig. 1 of being enters three-dimensional magneto-optic trap 63, after another Shu Jingdi seven speculums 71 reflections, the cooling laser 5 that is among Fig. 1 enters minute surface magneto-optic trap 72; The optical pumping laser that comes out from second sound-optic modulator 54 is divided into two bundle laser by the 5th spectroscope 61, a branch of optical pumping laser 16 that is among Fig. 1 through second speculum 60 enters three-dimensional magneto-optic trap 63, after another Shu Jingdi six speculums 70,67 reflections of the 4th speculum, the optical pumping laser 10 that is among Fig. 1 enters minute surface magneto-optic trap 72; The imaging laser that comes out from the 3rd acousto-optic modulator 55 enters minute surface magneto-optic trap 72 through the 9th speculum 75,74 reflections of the 8th speculum, is used to detect the catch situation of atom chip to atom; First right-angle prism 66, second right-angle prism 73 are used for reflector laser, guarantee that the laser light reflected phase place is consistent with incident laser; First quarter wave plate 64, second quarter wave plate 68 and the 3rd speculum 65, the 5th speculum 69 make up in twos and are used for cooling laser (is used σ usually from left circularly polarized light
+Expression) becoming right-circularly polarized light (uses σ usually
-Expression); First sound-optic modulator 53 is used for locking the frequency of main laser 48, and second sound-optic modulator 54, the 3rd acousto-optic modulator 55, falling tone optical modulator 57, fifth sound optical modulator 59 are used for modulated laser to required frequency; In addition, what Fig. 1 represented is the distribution of laser beam in the three dimensions, these laser beams can not all show in Fig. 3, wherein cooling laser 1,15,13,19,9,8,12, pumping laser 1 ', 15 ', 13 ', 19 ', 9 ', 8 ', 12 ' shows in Fig. 3 again, they enter the magneto-optic trap according to above-mentioned method.
The atom chip that this patent provides is as follows with atomic beam generating means implementation process:
1. at first vacuum chamber is evacuated to vacuum degree and is better than 6 * 10
-8Pa;
2. the indoor atomic source 32 of heating, vacuum is opened valve, and the atom vapor ejection makes the atom vapor that forms saturated concentration in the vacuum chamber;
3. adopt three-dimensional magneto-optic trap hot atom is caught and to cool off, be cooled to below the 200 μ k, form the cold atom cloud cluster, utilize simultaneously optical pumping laser 16 and again pumping laser 1 ', 2 ', 13 ', 15 ', 18 ', 19 ' atom is prepared on the optimum feeble field search attitude;
4. utilize the straight lead group 3 formation tubulose magnetic wells of N root of the current opposite in direction parallel, be subjected to the horizontal imprison of magnetic well when making the atomic group outgoing with the atomic beam exit direction, can lateral expansion and disperse; Be placed in outer vertical of vacuum chamber and form uniform magnetic field in the vertical with the first parallel relative magnet 7 and second magnet 20 of longitudinal axis, make atom in transportation Larmor precession frequency greater than the capture frequency of magnetic well, the attitude that guarantees atom does not change, and realizes adiabatic transmission;
5. utilize the vertical radiation pressure imbalance of laser, the atom cloud cluster is released from the aperture at quarter wave plate reflector group 4 centers; Utilize the cooling laser 8 relative with atomic beam, pumping laser 8 ' slows down to atomic beam again;
6. the atom cloud cluster is by behind the aperture of quarter wave plate reflector group 4, employing minute surface magneto-optic trap cools off atom and captures on the chip surface 11, utilize simultaneously optical pumping laser 10 and again pumping laser 5 ', 8 ', 9 ' to the effect of atom cloud cluster, atom is prepared into optimum feeble field searches on the attitude, form high density atom bundle.
The atom chip that device of the present invention produces longitudinal velocity≤20 meter per seconds of atomic beam, lateral velocity≤0.05 meter per second, atomic beam density is higher than existing apparatus.
Claims (6)
1. an atom chip atomic beam generating means comprises vacuum chamber, atomic source, two dimension fine setting platform and interior outside optical system; Atomic source (32) links to each other with vacuum chamber by valve; Two dimension is finely tuned platform (33) by the inside and outside isolation of bellows with vacuum chamber, and two dimension fine setting platform (33) is gone up the chip platform (29) that an adjusting atom chip position is installed; Wherein interior outside optical system comprises first laser, acousto-optic modulator, spectroscope, speculum, quarter wave plate and right-angle prism; The cooling laser that is used for cooling of atoms of first laser output enters acousto-optic modulator through spectroscope and speculum, and the windowpane by vacuum chamber enters vacuum chamber again; The cooling laser that is used for cooling of atoms (1), (2), (13), (15), (18), (19) and second pair of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coil (14) of inciding in the vacuum chamber constitute three-dimensional magneto-optic trap, this three-dimensional magneto-optic trap is caught the atomic source steam bundle (17) of pyrogen component spout ejection and is cooled off, wherein cooling laser (15) is a cooling laser (1) through being positioned at the reflector laser that an outer quarter wave plate of vacuum chamber and a speculum obtain, and cooling laser (18) is that cooling laser (2) is through being positioned at the reflector laser that an outer quarter wave plate of vacuum chamber and a speculum obtain; Form minute surface magneto-optic trap jointly by cooling laser (5), (9), (8), (12), chip minute surface (11) and first pair of anti-conspicuous nurse hertz coil (6); It is characterized in that comprise second laser in the described interior outside optical system, second laser sends pumping laser again, process acousto-optic modulator, spectroscope and speculum enter vacuum chamber by the windowpane of vacuum chamber; Also be included in the center that is equipped with in the described vacuum chamber and have the quarter wave plate reflector group (4) and the straight lead group (3) in hole, this quarter wave plate reflector group (4) is fixed on vacuum chamber by the 3rd clip (27) that is positioned at the vacuum chamber middle part, described straight lead group (3) is by the straight lead of N root, and straight lead two ends are installed in vacuum chamber inwall middle part symmetrically arranged first clip (23) and second clip (25) and go up and fix and form, the straight lead of N root is parallel to each other, and the sense of current of adjacent wires is reverse mutually; It is outer perpendicular to the parallel placement of longitudinal axis direction to comprise that also first magnet (7) and second magnet (20) are arranged on vacuum chamber; Adopt in the described three-dimensional magneto-optic trap optical pumping laser (16) and again pumping laser (1 '), (2 '), (13 '), (15 '), (18 '), (19 ') atom is prepared into optimum feeble field searches on the attitude, wherein relative with optical pumping laser (16) conllinear and direction laser is that optical pumping laser (16) is through being positioned at the reflector laser of a vacuum chamber right-angle prism outward; In minute surface magneto-optic trap, adopt optical pumping laser (10) and again pumping laser (5 '), (8 '), (9 '), (12 ') to the effect of atom cloud cluster, atom is prepared into optimum feeble field searches on the attitude, wherein relative with optical pumping laser (10) conllinear and direction laser is that optical pumping laser (10) is through being positioned at the reflector laser of the outer right-angle prism of vacuum chamber.
2. by the described atom chip atomic beam generating means of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise that also one is used to detect the atom chip and catches first speculum (52) of former subcase, the 8th speculum (74), the 9th speculum (75) and the 3rd acousto-optic modulator (55), be arranged on and produce imaging laser on the light path of first laser and enter minute surface magneto-optic trap.
3. by claim 1 or 2 described atom chip atomic beam generating meanss, it is characterized in that, the straight lead of described N root, wherein N is the even number more than or equal to 4.
4. by claim 1 or 2 described atom chip atomic beam generating meanss, it is characterized in that, the quarter wave plate reflector group 4 that described center has a hole is that its center hole diameter is 0.5～1mm by quarter wave plate (A), speculum (A), speculum (B), quarter wave plate (B) the order formation that bonds together.
5. by claim 1 or 2 described atom chip atomic beam generating meanss, it is characterized in that described first magnet (7) and second magnet (20) are permanent magnet or field coil.
6. an application rights requires 1 described atom chip to produce the method for atomic beam with the atomic beam generating means, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1). at first vacuum chamber is evacuated to vacuum degree and is better than 6 * 10
-8Pa;
2). the atomic source (32) that heating, vacuum is indoor, open valve, the atom vapor ejection makes the atom vapor that forms saturated concentration in the vacuum chamber;
3). adopt three-dimensional magneto-optic trap hot atom is caught and to cool off, be cooled to below the 200 μ k, form the cold atom cloud cluster, utilize simultaneously optical pumping laser (16) and again pumping laser (1 ', 2 ', 13 ', 15 ', 18 ', 19 ') atom is prepared on the optimum feeble field search attitude;
4). utilize the straight lead group 3 of the N root of the current opposite in direction parallel to form the tubulose magnetic wells, be subjected to the horizontal imprison of magnetic well when making the atomic group outgoing with the atomic beam exit direction, can lateral expansion and disperse; Be placed in outer vertical of vacuum chamber and form uniform magnetic field in the vertical with parallel relative first magnet (7) and second magnet (20) of longitudinal axis, make atom in transportation Larmor precession frequency greater than the capture frequency of magnetic well, the attitude that guarantees atom does not change, and realizes adiabatic transmission;
5). utilize the vertical radiation pressure imbalance of laser, the atom cloud cluster is released from the aperture at quarter wave plate reflector group (4) center; Utilize the cooling laser (8) relative with atomic beam, pumping laser (8 ') slows down to atomic beam again;
6). the atom cloud cluster is by behind the aperture of quarter wave plate reflector group (4), employing minute surface magneto-optic trap cools off atom and captures on the chip surface (11), utilize simultaneously optical pumping laser (10) and the more general laser of pump (5 ', 8 ', 9 ') to the effect of atom cloud cluster, atom is prepared into optimum feeble field searches on the attitude, form high density atom bundle.
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