CN1804460A - Circulating fluidized bed combustion device with biomass fuel and combustion method thereof - Google Patents

Circulating fluidized bed combustion device with biomass fuel and combustion method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1804460A
CN1804460A CN 200610049355 CN200610049355A CN1804460A CN 1804460 A CN1804460 A CN 1804460A CN 200610049355 CN200610049355 CN 200610049355 CN 200610049355 A CN200610049355 A CN 200610049355A CN 1804460 A CN1804460 A CN 1804460A
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burning
burner hearth
furnace
cyclone separator
fluidized bed
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CN100408917C (en
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骆仲泱
余春江
方梦祥
周劲松
王树荣
王勤辉
施正伦
程乐鸣
高翔
倪明江
岑可法
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Cecep Beijing Energy Saving Environmental Protection Engineering Co ltd
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention relates to a cycle fluid bed burning device and relative method which uses biological material as fuel. Said device comprises a furnace, a furnace outlet and a horizontal gas flue. Wherein, the horizontal gas flue has a heated surface, a cyclone separator with middle temperature connected with its back; the upper end of cyclone separator is connected to the tail gas flue, the dust cleaner, the wind guide device, and the chimney; the lower end of cyclone separator is connected to the cycle circuit and the furnace dense-phase area; the circle circuit is connected with bed material and additive feeding inlet to apply the additive which can solve the problem of alkali metal; the biological fuel via the parallel feeding inlets at the front of furnace, the breaking pretreatment is blown by the wind into the section-variable dense-phase area of furnace; and the straw should be first broken into 10cm. The invention has wider raw material and high burning efficiency while it can solve the problem of alkali metal.

Description

The burning device of circulating fluidized bed of burning-used biologic mass fuel and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of burning device of circulating fluidized bed and method of burning-used biologic mass fuel, described living beings comprise wide variety such as rice wheat straw, branch, shell the agriculture and forestry discarded object.
Background technology
There is very abundant biomass resource in China, and living beings are burnt, and to utilize be for alleviating the conventional energy resource shortage, reducing pollutant emission or straw from village utilizes problem, increasing farmers' income all has very important meaning to solving.But at present domestic still do not have effectively extensive burning to utilize the technological means of living beings, particularly for the stalk raw materials that constitutes China's biomass resource main body.Because stalk has special physics, chemical property and combustion characteristics, having only Denmark to grasp with vibrating-grate stoker at present in the world is the ripe straw burning technology of the basic type of furnace.Because the restriction of China's biomass fuel supplying mode, there are unstable, the characteristics such as complexity is various, the fluctuation of quality kind is big, the preliminary treatment level is low of originating of supply in the biomass resource that is used as fuel, and the combustion system of vibration stove grate furnace has determined its difficulty adaptation China biomass fuel supplying mode.
CFBC has been widely used in solid-fuelled burning utilizations such as coal, spoil, oil shale, municipal refuse as a kind of mature technique, and demonstrates great vitality.Its basic advantage is the high burning efficiency that very strong fuel tolerance, semicoke circulating combustion bring and relies on desirable solution-air, the low pollution emission characteristic that the gas-solid reaction condition reaches.But it is conventional fire coal circulating fluid bed and be not suitable for biomass fuel such as direct burning straw, biomass fuel low energy densities, the easy bite of out-of-shape, easily catch fire, high-volatile, low ash, the charred ashes quality is light and soft, alkali metal content is abundant etc., and characteristics bring many troubles can for conventional fluidized combustion process, cause that charging is smooth, the gas-phase combustion share is excessive, upper furnace difficult control of temperature, secondary wind organize that difficulty is big, the elutriation amount is excessive, heat loss due to unburned carbon raises, alkali problem such as is difficult to overcome at problem when using particular organisms matter fuel.
Summary of the invention
The burning device of circulating fluidized bed and the method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of burning-used biologic mass fuel.
It has burner hearth, upper furnace is connected to horizontal flue, be provided with heating surface in the burner hearth and in the horizontal flue, the horizontal flue other end and middle temperature cyclone separator join, the cyclone separator upper end joins with back-end ductwork, deduster, air-introduced machine, chimney successively, the cyclone separator lower end is connected to closed circuit and joins with the burner hearth emulsion zone, is connected to bed material and additive and replenishes mouth on closed circuit, and the go into fire door of biomass material warehouse through comprising living beings disintegrating apparatus and burner hearth joins.
Described lower furnace portion is provided with variable cross-section burner hearth emulsion zone.The breadth depth ratio of variable cross-section burner hearth emulsion zone is 5: 1~1.5: 1.In the operating temperature of warm cyclone separator and returning charge temperature of charge below 700 ℃.
The CFBC method for organizing of burning-used biologic mass fuel is to utilize a secondary wind proportioning and returning charge to guarantee that emulsion zone moves under 800 ℃ of-600 ℃ of temperature, utilize the circulation of fluidized combustion characteristic and material to guarantee the temperature burning in below 820 ℃ of burner hearth fugitive constituent combustion zone, utilize the furnace water cooling heating surface area to guarantee that the heating surface flue-gas temperature that enters in upper furnace and the horizontal flue is not higher than 730 ℃ of-780 ℃ of limits values.The operation of recirculating fluidized bed runs on the state of low fluidising air velocity, high fluidization number by selecting narrow-size distribution small grain size bed material.
Described low fluidising air velocity, high fluidization number, its underpart wind speed are 3-5m/s, and the top wind speed is 2-4m/s, and fluidization number is greater than 3.The granularity of narrow-size distribution small grain size bed material is less than 2mm.
Advantage of the present invention
1) efficiency of combustion height.Higher chamber design has guaranteed the dilute-phase zone combustion space, has reduced a large amount of fugitive constituents and has separated out the too fast danger that causes heat loss due to unburned gases to increase in burner hearth inside.Good gas, solid mixing and circulation helps the fragmentation and the after-flame of living beings semicoke particle in recirculating fluidized bed, cooperate narrow-size distribution small grain size bed material, the recirculating fluidized bed operational mode that has good material circulation of variable cross-section chamber structure design can effectively improve a firing out rate of semicoke, solve the high problem of unburned carbon in flue dust in the conventional design scheme, reach higher efficiency of combustion;
2) fuel tolerance is wide, the present invention has inherited these characteristics of fluidized combustion, employing with various biomass fuel simple crushings to 10cm directly into stove, preparation of fuel and feeding system have not only been simplified, also increased tolerance and the adaptability of equipment greatly to biomass fuel quality, kind change, reduced and gone into stove fuel preliminary treatment expense, also simplified boiler design, improved the redundant reliability of fuel for the system of feeding;
3) by particular design and burning tissue to boiler, can guarantee that fuel and bed material repeatedly circulate, stablize and burn swimmingly, successfully solve alkali metal polysilicate group, slagging scorification, deposition and the high temperature corrosion problem that high-alkali living beings may be brought simultaneously in burning in the circulating fluidized bed system loop.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the burning device of circulating fluidized bed structural representation of burning-used biologic mass fuel;
Among the figure: living beings warehouse 1, living beings disintegrating apparatus 2, burner hearth 3, heating surface 4, fuel are given inlet 5, variable cross-section burner hearth emulsion zone 6, closed circuit 7, bed material and additional mouthful 8 of additive, cyclone separator 9, back-end ductwork 10, deduster 11, air-introduced machine 12, chimney 13
The specific embodiment
As shown in drawings, the burning device of circulating fluidized bed of burning-used biologic mass fuel has burner hearth 3, upper furnace is connected to horizontal flue, be provided with heating surface 4 in the burner hearth and in the horizontal flue, the horizontal flue other end and middle temperature cyclone separator 9 join, cyclone separator 9 upper ends successively with back-end ductwork 10, deduster 11, air-introduced machine 12, chimney 13 joins, cyclone separator 9 lower ends are connected to closed circuit 7 and join with the burner hearth emulsion zone, be connected to bed material and additive and replenish mouth 8 on closed circuit 7, the go into fire door 5 of biomass material warehouse 1 through comprising living beings disintegrating apparatus 2 and burner hearth 3 joins.
Ciculation fluidized bed biomass of the present invention (stalk) combustion scheme, it is characterized in that low emulsion zone temperature, warm category during the burner hearth burning is controlled at, the highest flue-gas temperature that restriction enters the upper furnace heating surface guarantees that simultaneously feed separation and circulation loopback system works are below 700 ℃.Employing narrow-size distribution small grain size bed material in service cooperates the CFBC of variable cross-section chamber structure, adopts simple crushing to burning directly into the stove participation through material inlet below the 10cm to rice bar, wheat straw and other biological matter simultaneously.
The present invention utilizes the extremely strong fuel tolerance of recirculating fluidized bed directly the burn stalk fuel or the other biological pledge material handled through cutting and crushing of all size, has simplified the fuel pretreating process.Adopt higher burner hearth to alleviate the living beings fugitive constituent and separate out the harmful effect that brings to the burning tissue at the burning initial stage strongly.The biomass combustion device is kept 800 ℃-600 ℃ low emulsion zone temperature, and this temperature had both guaranteed that combustion process had enough reaction speeds and intensity, reduces the danger of the molten adhesion of contingent ash under the high temperature in the emulsion zone again.The particle of high concentration is kept the even temperature field in the burner hearth inner utilization stove, reduces maximum combustion temperature simultaneously, avoids the alkali metal material too much to separate out, and avoids ash erosion simultaneously.Higher burner hearth is suitable for arranging that bigger wall-cooling surface guarantees that the flue-gas temperature that enters rear portion, top heating surface is lower than 730 ℃-780 ℃ limits value, and the revert system operating temperature of separator and connection thereof of keeping in service is less than 700 ℃ simultaneously.
The material inlet that fuel is evenly arranged on by front wall in the stokehold feeds in bottom, circulation fluidized bed combustion chamber, this place's furnace cross-sectional area minimum, wind speed remains on 3~5m/s, section of burner hearth employing breadth depth ratio is 5: 1~1.5: 1 design simultaneously, disintegrates with good vertical transmission, physical separation and the normal combustion of biomass fuel that promotes each material inlet to feed effectively.Along with furnace height increases, section of burner hearth increases gradually, is stabilized in 2-4m/s to burner hearth middle and upper part wind speed, enough fluidization numbers and normal material circulation both can have been guaranteed, can reduce the poplar of light and soft biomass coke particle again and analyse, increase these particles time of staying, strengthen burn-out degree.
Closed circuit of the present invention is provided with extra additive to entering the mouth, and it is characterized in that the timely alkali problem that replenishes when bed is expected or pass through special bed material of use or additive alleviation or solution when being necessary burns the particular organisms raw material.
Because biomass material and the general quality of semicoke are very light, and ash content is relatively very low, the present invention adopts particle diameter less than the low circulating ratio operation of the narrow-size distribution small grain size bed material of 2mm, but and the based on fuel kind bed material of selecting different densities with as regulating the means that emulsion zone burns.Small particle diameter bed material guarantees that fluid bed can reach enough fluidization numbers and guarantee carrying out smoothly of mass-and heat-transfer in the stove and combustion process under low wind speed.Narrow-size distribution bed material pattern then can effectively be alleviated the mass loss of recycle stock in running in the stove, prolongs the bed material and replenishes the cycle, reduces operating cost.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Recirculating fluidized bed biomass combustion device can burn rice wheat straw at interior various biomass fuels, for various raw materials, visual initial physical dimension is shredded through disintegrating apparatus 2 and is admitted to after appropriate length below the 10cm is delivered to the front-furnace feeding mouth by the feed control appliance in the emulsion zone that mainly is made of high hotbed material and circulating ash in the stove, and the fuel of adding rapidly and mixing of materials and begin pyrolysis and the combustion process of coke and fugitive constituent.The required wind 14 of burning is sent into by furnace bottom.The fugitive constituent that not having enough time of separating out in living beings semicoke the mixings implantation material particle of emulsion zone disassociation, elutriation and emulsion zone participates in burning enters the suspension section of burner hearth rapidly, and further burns under the assisting of a large amount of secondary wind 15 that layering is sent in this section.The suspension section flue gas flow rate is controlled in below the 2-4m/s by the section of burner hearth expansion, and to prolong trickle semicoke particle as far as possible in the time of staying in furnace high-temperature district, the circulation share is to guarantee the stable of emulsion zone temperature in increasing simultaneously.In order to guarantee the stable of the bed of material in the stove and being controlled at of the relevant inorganic substances of alkali metal in the burner hearth also to be furnished with bed on the closed circuit 7 respectively and to expect that feeding device and additive feed device 8.Warm cyclone separator 9 during thermal material in the burner hearth enters after by near the heating surface the furnace outlet with hot flue gas, flue gas after cyclone separator separates enters boiler back end ductwork 10, each heating surface of successively flowing through is discharged by deduster 11, air-introduced machine 12, chimney 13.The material that separated device separates enters burner hearth to realize circulating combustion through the returning charge mouth of returning charge loop 7 and back wall.

Claims (7)

1. the burning device of circulating fluidized bed of a burning-used biologic mass fuel, it is characterized in that, it has burner hearth (3), upper furnace is connected to horizontal flue, be provided with heating surface (4) in the burner hearth and in the horizontal flue, the horizontal flue other end and middle temperature cyclone separator (9) join, cyclone separator (9) upper end successively with back-end ductwork (10), deduster (11), air-introduced machine (12), chimney (13) joins, cyclone separator (9) lower end is connected to closed circuit (7) and joins with the burner hearth emulsion zone, be connected to bed material and additive and replenish mouthful (8) on closed circuit (7), the go into fire door (5) of biomass material warehouse (1) through comprising living beings disintegrating apparatus (2) and burner hearth (3) joins.
2. the burning device of circulating fluidized bed of a kind of burning-used biologic mass fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described burner hearth (3) bottom is provided with variable cross-section burner hearth emulsion zone (6).
3. the burning device of circulating fluidized bed of a kind of burning-used biologic mass fuel according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the breadth depth ratio of described variable cross-section burner hearth emulsion zone (6) is 5: 1~1.5: 1.
4. the burning device of circulating fluidized bed of a kind of burning-used biologic mass fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described in the operating temperature of warm cyclone separator (9) and returning charge temperature of charge below 700 ℃.
5. the CFBC method for organizing of the burning-used biologic mass fuel that installs according to claim 1 of a use, it is characterized in that, utilize a secondary wind proportioning and returning charge to guarantee that emulsion zone moves under 800 ℃ of-600 ℃ of temperature, utilize the circulation of fluidized combustion characteristic and material to guarantee the temperature burning in below 820 ℃ of burner hearth fugitive constituent combustion zone, utilize the furnace water cooling heating surface area to guarantee that the heating surface flue-gas temperature that enters in upper furnace and the horizontal flue is not higher than 730 ℃ of-780 ℃ of limits values.The operation of recirculating fluidized bed runs on the state of low fluidising air velocity, high fluidization number by selecting narrow-size distribution small grain size bed material.
6. the CFBC method of a kind of burning-used biologic mass fuel according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described low fluidising air velocity, high fluidization number, its underpart wind speed are 3-5m/s, and the top wind speed is 2-4m/s, and fluidization number is greater than 3.
7. the CFBC method of a kind of burning-used biologic mass fuel according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the granularity of described narrow-size distribution small grain size bed material is less than 2mm.
CNB2006100493555A 2006-01-25 2006-01-25 Circulating fluidized bed combustion device with biomass fuel and combustion method thereof Active CN100408917C (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100434801C (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-11-19 广州广重企业集团有限公司 Stalks boiler fuel treating method and equipment
CN100520180C (en) * 2006-08-19 2009-07-29 连云港协鑫环保生物质热电有限公司 Material conveying method and system for conveying biomass into furnace in large quantity for direct combustion power generation
CN101737770B (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 赵建安 Method for straw gasification in high temperature combustion industrial boiler
CN102276130A (en) * 2011-05-31 2011-12-14 陈海渊 Sludge resource treatment apparatus and sludge treatment method using the same
CN102492481A (en) * 2011-12-07 2012-06-13 山东省科学院能源研究所 Method and device for eliminating biomass gasification slagging of fluidized bed
CN102829474A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Double-bed system for preventing heating surface of boiler from being contaminated
CN103398371A (en) * 2013-07-01 2013-11-20 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Double-low type boiler burning high base metal coal
CN112325279A (en) * 2020-10-10 2021-02-05 大唐长山热电厂 Reforming equipment for biomass combustion of circulating fluidized bed coal-fired boiler

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CN102213414A (en) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-12 华盛江泉集团有限公司 Desulfuration electrostatic dust collection device of circulating fluidized bed (CFB)

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ZA807805B (en) * 1979-12-14 1982-01-27 Energy Resources Co Inc Fluidized-bed process to convert solid wastes to clean energy
FR2701087B1 (en) * 1993-02-04 1999-08-06 Tiru Process for the incineration of solid fuels, in particular urban residues, with solid and gaseous discharges which are substantially neutral vis-à-vis the environment.
CN2400694Y (en) * 2000-01-05 2000-10-11 北京通用能源动力公司 Fluidized-bed refuse incinerator
JP2002106819A (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-10 Nkk Corp Circulating fluidized bed combustion apparatus and its combustion method
CN1125948C (en) * 2001-02-28 2003-10-29 清华大学 Combustion apparatus with cross-section variable circulating fluidized bed

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100520180C (en) * 2006-08-19 2009-07-29 连云港协鑫环保生物质热电有限公司 Material conveying method and system for conveying biomass into furnace in large quantity for direct combustion power generation
CN100434801C (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-11-19 广州广重企业集团有限公司 Stalks boiler fuel treating method and equipment
CN101737770B (en) * 2009-12-16 2011-06-22 赵建安 Method for straw gasification in high temperature combustion industrial boiler
CN102276130A (en) * 2011-05-31 2011-12-14 陈海渊 Sludge resource treatment apparatus and sludge treatment method using the same
CN102276130B (en) * 2011-05-31 2013-06-05 陈海渊 Sludge resource treatment apparatus and sludge treatment method using the same
CN102492481A (en) * 2011-12-07 2012-06-13 山东省科学院能源研究所 Method and device for eliminating biomass gasification slagging of fluidized bed
CN102829474A (en) * 2012-09-25 2012-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Double-bed system for preventing heating surface of boiler from being contaminated
CN102829474B (en) * 2012-09-25 2016-04-06 中国东方电气集团有限公司 A kind of dual bed systems preventing boiler heating surface from staiing
US9927119B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2018-03-27 Dongfang Electric Corporation Dual-bed system for preventing boiler heating surface from being contaminated
CN103398371A (en) * 2013-07-01 2013-11-20 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Double-low type boiler burning high base metal coal
CN112325279A (en) * 2020-10-10 2021-02-05 大唐长山热电厂 Reforming equipment for biomass combustion of circulating fluidized bed coal-fired boiler

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