The Fluidized Bed Sewage Sludge Incineration Device And Method Thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the incineration disposal and the exhaust heat recovering method of municipal sludge, especially a kind of with the Fluidized Bed Sewage Sludge Incineration Device And Method Thereof of organic heat carrier as the waste heat recovery medium.Belong to the minimizing of municipal sludge, innoxious, disposal of resources field.
Background technology
Municipal sludge is meant solid-state, the semi-solid state waste that city domestic sewage and industrial sewage produce in water treatment procedure, it mainly is made of solid residue and water.Municipal sludge generally contains a large amount of organism, abundant nutrition such as nitrogen phosphorus, heavy metal and pathogenic bacterium and pathogenic bacteria etc., and usually with foul gas, disposes and discharging arbitrarily if do not add, and can cause serious secondary pollution to environment.Along with fast development, increasing day by day of population and the improving constantly of urbanization degree of global economy, the generation of municipal effluent constantly increases.With China is example; the quantity discharged of China's industrial sewage in 2004 and city domestic sewage is respectively 221.1 hundred million tons and 261.3 hundred million tons " .2004 China Environmental State Bulletin-fresh water environment [OL] .2005-06-02, http://www.zhb.gov.cn/eic/649368307484327936/20050602/8204_1.sh tml. compile in State Environmental Protection Administration ".In the sewage purification treating processes, generation is accounted for the mud " Jiang Chengai of the total treatment capacity 0.3%~0.5% of sewage (water ratio is in 97%), Huang Guofeng, Wu Qitang. city sewage and sludge processing and utilizing progress [J]. agricultural environment and development, 1999,16 (1): 13-17. ", how to dispose effectively and reasonably total amount so huge municipal sludge become one important and press for the environmental issue of solution.
The method of disposal of mud is the row of mainly containing sea, landfill, agricultural, burning etc. at present.Compare with preceding 3 kinds of methods of disposal, incineration disposal has the remarkable advantage of minimizing, innoxious and resource utilization.The volume of residue ash has only 10% of mechanical dehydration sludge volume after the sludge incineration; Germ, pathogenic agent all in the burning process are all thoroughly killed, and poisonous and hazardous organism is decomposed by exhaustive oxidation, and the stability of heavy metal improves greatly; The calorific value and the meager coal of dewatered sludge are suitable, but by burning its heat of efficient recovery; Sludge ash can be used as building material, land reclamation agent even sorbent material and uses after suitable physics and chemical process processing.At present, in developed country, the incineration disposal of mud has obtained using quite widely.Denmark 24%, France 20%, Belgium 15%, Germany 14%, the U.S. 25%, the mud of Japan 55% all adopts incineration disposal.Because mud row sea is about to be under an embargo, and mud landfill or agriculturally also will be subjected to more restriction, in future, the ratio that sludge incineration is disposed will improve constantly.
The sludge incinerator of being built before the sixties in 20th century mainly is many thoraxes formula incinerator, because its environmental-protecting performance is not good, multiple hearth furnace loses competitive power gradually.Vertical multiple bedded furnace, jet-type stove and rotary type incinerator also have certain application aspect burning sludge.Fluidized bed incinerator begins to come across Europe the sixties in 20th century, owing to its significant superiority has obtained development rapidly.Compare with the rotary type incinerator with many thoraxes formula incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator has following remarkable advantage: 1. gas-solid mixes strongly in the stove, uniform distribution of temperature field, and flameholding, so sludge incineration is thorough, dioxin emission is extremely low; 2. adopt low temperature, grading combustion technology, oxynitride and heavy metals emission amount are low; 3. can realize low-cost desulfuration in furnace; 4. can use various auxiliary fuels inferior, the efficiency of combustion height; 5. intensity of combustion height, the mud handling capacity in unit cross section is big, compact construction, floor space is little; 6. no mechanical transmission mechanism in the stove is reliable.
Up to now, the special-purpose incinerator of the domestic and international municipal sludge of developing generally all directly burns mechanical dewatered sludge.The water ratio of mechanical dehydration mud higher (generally about 80%), thereby its calorific value is very low, stable burning separately.Therefore, in the industrial application device, adopt the mode of mud and coal or other auxiliary fuel multifuel combustion to carry out the incineration disposal of mud usually.Burn 1kg mechanical dehydration mud, need bituminous coal or other the isocaloric auxiliary fuel of about 0.35kg usually, therefore, carrying out to consume a large amount of coals or other auxiliary fuel when plant-scale municipal sludge burns.The heat that produces in auxiliary fuel such as mud and the coal combustion processes can utilize by the method for waste heat recovery, but when not having enough hot users around the incineration plant, just there is very big problem in the feasibility of this burning mode.
For overcoming the limitation of the mechanical dewatered sludge incinerator of direct burning, the invention provides a kind of dewatered sludge fluidized bed combustion device and method.The mechanical dehydration drying sludge is mainly burned by dewatered sludge with heat and provides, and the burning in fluidized bed incinerator provides insufficient section by coal or other auxiliary fuel, and this method can reduce by about 90% auxiliary fuel consumption.
The drying sludge technology has all realized commercial applications at home and abroad.The medium of sludge-drying comprises hot flue gas, high-temperature water vapor and organic heat carrier (comprising thermal oil and diphenyl mixture, down together) etc.By contrast, organic heat carrier has remarkable advantages such as thermal capacity is big, volumetric flow rate is little, operating pressure is low.At present, the organic heat carrier furnace of exploitation is oil oven or coal-fired grate furnace both at home and abroad.The invention provides a kind of method, to realize organic heat carrier drying sludge technology with the fluidized bed incinerator heated organic heat carrier.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of direct burning and drying municipal sludge and also can use auxiliary fuels such as coal simultaneously, with the Fluidized Bed Sewage Sludge Incineration Device And Method Thereof of organic heat carrier as the waste heat recovery medium.
Technical scheme: city sludge fluidized bed combustion device of the present invention is made up of incinerator body, air distribution plate, air compartment and back-end ductwork, and the two top of incinerator body and back-end ductwork is connected; The bottom of incinerator body is provided with air distribution plate, and the bottom of air distribution plate is an air compartment, is close phase incineration area in the bottom of incinerator body, and top is the dilute phase incineration area; Explosive door is located at dilute phase incineration area top, and secondary air channel is located at dilute phase incineration area bottom, and radiation of burner hearth heating surface and quartz sand adding set are located at dilute phase incineration area middle part; Many group water coolants/wet mud spray gun is arranged in close phase incineration area top, and screw feeder is located at close phase incineration area middle part, is provided with primary air nozzle in the side of air compartment; Top in back-end ductwork is the afterbody convection heating surface, and the bottom is an air preheater, and exhaust pass and ash bucket are located at the back-end ductwork bottom; Heat absorption working medium in radiation heating surface and the convection heating surface is organic heat carrier.
The incinerating method of city sludge fluidized bed combustion device of the present invention adopts quartz sand or the river sand of median size 0.5mm~0.7mm to make inert bed material, dewatered sludge or auxiliary fuel add the incinerator body by screw feeder, one time wind is sent in the stove through air compartment and air distribution plate, the secondary air channel of secondary air through being located at the freeboard of fluidized bed bottom tangentially sprays in the stove, dewatered sludge or auxiliary fuel are in the emulsion zone and the freeboard of fluidized bed burning of incinerator body, by water coolant/wet mud spray gun an amount of water spray or wet mud in emulsion zone, the emulsion zone temperature is controlled at 820 ℃~870 ℃, and the slag that produces in the combustion processes is discharged by furnace bottom through residue extraction machine; The flue gas flow that burning produces when freeboard of fluidized bed and radiation heating surface carry out radiation heat transfer, enter back-end ductwork after being cooled to 630 ℃~660 ℃, flow through successively afterbody convection heating surface and air preheater and carry out convective heat exchange are cooled to below 200 ℃ after exhaust pass is introduced outside exhaust treatment system; Jia Re organic heat carrier is not through organic heat carrier inlet flow through successively air distribution plate, afterbody convection heating surface and freeboard of fluidized bed radiation heating surface, absorb the heat that produces in mud or the auxiliary fuel burning process, the organic heat carrier after the heat absorption flows out through the organic heat carrier outlet.
When burning dewatered sludge, the shortage of heat that produces when sludge incineration takes in the mechanical dehydration drying sludge, adds auxiliary fuels such as coal in stove, replenishes dry institute heat requirement.For preventing heating surface wear and take into account and burn municipal sludge and fire coal, adopt at emulsion zone water spray or the method that squirts mud and carry out bed temperature control, organize water coolant/wet mud spray gun more and be evenly arranged on the same horizontal plane on emulsion zone top.Organic heat carrier is thermal oil or diphenyl mixture.
The ash fusion point of municipal sludge and coal is usually more than 1100 ℃, for preventing the bed coking and obtain best desulfuration in furnace efficient that the temperature of fluidized bed incinerator emulsion zone is controlled at about 850 ℃.Usually, can adopt the method realization bed temperature control of arranging heating surface at emulsion zone.The present invention is according in following two reasons, this traditional bed temperature control device of employing useless.One is at emulsion zone, because the bed material is in fluidized state, the bed material is more serious to the wearing and tearing of heating surface, and organic heat carrier is a kind of high heating value inflammable liquid, leaks as organic heat carrier takes place because of heating surface wear, will cause the serious scaling loss of incinerator even cause more serious consequence.Its two, the characteristic of auxiliary fuels such as municipal sludge and coal differs bigger, the dry ash-free basis volatile content of mud is usually more than 80%, and bituminous coal etc. generally are no more than 45%.Therefore, burning under municipal sludge and coal-fired these two kinds of different operating modes, emulsion zone heat release amount has very big-difference, adopts the method for arranging heating surface to control bed temperature, is difficult to take into account this two kinds of operating modes.For this reason, the present invention has adopted at emulsion zone water spray or the method that squirts mud and has carried out bed temperature control.Many group water coolants/wet mud spray guns are evenly arranged in emulsion zone top, and water coolant or wet mud spray in the stove after atomizing, but straying quatity based on fuel kind and bed temperature in a big way, regulate, accurately control bed temperature.
Incinerating method of the present invention adopts the air stage feeding technology: one time wind is sent in the bed by the air distribution plate of emulsion zone bottom, and the burning for mud or auxiliary fuel when guaranteeing bed material active fluidization provides enough air.For preventing to burn out air distribution plate in incinerator igniting and normal course of operation, the present invention is with the heat-eliminating medium of organic heat carrier as air distribution plate.Secondary air is arranged in the freeboard of fluidized bed bottom, tangentially spray in the stove, form swirling air stream at freeboard of fluidized bed, strengthened the big scale disturbance of freeboard of fluidized bed, make between gas and gas and gas and solid mix very abundant, guaranteed that fugitive constituent and the carbon residue particulate that flies away from emulsion zone fully burn, fractional combustion also can effectively suppress generation and the discharging of NOx.Simultaneously, the swirling air stream that tangential secondary air forms has certain centrifugation to the fine particle of freeboard of fluidized bed, can reduce dust content to a certain extent.The outlet cigarette temperature control of freeboard of fluidized bed is at about 650 ℃.The high-temperature flue gas that burning produces enters back-end ductwork from the outlet on freeboard of fluidized bed top through horizontal flue, flow through successively afterbody convection heating surface and air preheater, be cooled to back below 200 ℃ and carry out dedusting, washing, after induced draft fan and chimney enter atmosphere by exhaust pass introducing exhaust treatment system.
The organic heat carrier of fluidized bed incinerator (thermal oil or diphenyl mixture) heating system is made up of convection heating surface 14 that is arranged in back-end ductwork and the radiation heating surface 3 that is arranged in freeboard of fluidized bed top.Before organic heat carrier is delivered to incinerator through filter filtration back by recycle pump, flow through and enter the afterbody convection heating surface 14 of incinerator behind the air distribution plate, rise to the radiation heating surface 3 that enters freeboard of fluidized bed top after the certain temperature again, send sludge dryer dry wet mud back to after being heated to temperature rating, cooled organic heat carrier is delivered to incinerator again and is recycled.For guaranteeing the safe operation of organic heat carrier heating system, radiation heating surface 3 and afterbody convection heating surface 14 have all been taked effective abrasionproof measure.
Beneficial effect: Fluidized Bed Sewage Sludge Incineration Device And Method Thereof provided by the invention, can guarantee the thorough burning of municipal sludge, prevent secondary pollution, realize the innoxious and resource utilization of refuse, give full play to the superiority of fluidized combustion technology; Effectively solve the big defective of auxiliary fuel consumption of directly burning mechanical dewatered sludge incinerator existence, for the incineration disposal of municipal sludge provides a kind of new selection; A kind of effective ways with fluidized bed incinerator heated organic heat carrier (thermal oil or diphenyl mixture) are provided.The present invention has good social benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit, and has excellent popularization and application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a municipal sludge fluidized bed incinerator synoptic diagram.
Have among the figure: explosive door 1, incinerator body 2, radiation of burner hearth heating surface 3, quartz sand adding set 4, secondary air channel 5, water coolant/wet mud spray gun 6, screw feeder system 7, air distribution plate 8, primary air nozzle 9, air compartment 10, ash bucket 11, air preheater 12, exhaust pass 13, afterbody convection heating surface 14, back-end ductwork 15, organic heat carrier outlet A, quartz sand B, dewatered sludge C, coal D, Wingdale E, organic heat carrier inlet F, wind G, a slag H, water coolant/wet mud I, secondary air J, grey K.
Embodiment
City sludge fluidized bed combustion device is made up of incinerator body 2, air distribution plate 8, air compartment 10 and back-end ductwork 15, and the two top of incinerator body 2 and back-end ductwork 15 is connected; The bottom of incinerator body 2 is provided with air distribution plate 8, and the bottom of air distribution plate 8 is an air compartment 10, is close phase incineration area in the bottom of incinerator body 2, and top is the dilute phase incineration area; Explosive door 1 is located at dilute phase incineration area top, and secondary air channel 5 is located at dilute phase incineration area bottom, and radiation of burner hearth heating surface 3 and quartz sand adding set 4 are located at dilute phase incineration area middle part; Many group water coolants/wet mud spray gun 6 is arranged in close phase incineration area top, and screw feeder 7 is located at close phase incineration area middle part, is provided with primary air nozzle 9 in the side of air compartment 10; Top in back-end ductwork 15 is afterbody convection heating surface 14, and the bottom is an air preheater 12, and exhaust pass 13 is located at back-end ductwork 15 bottoms with ash bucket 11; Be provided with organic heat carrier in radiation heating surface 3 and the convection heating surface 14 as heat absorption working medium.
Certain city sewage and sludge is 10% through mechanical dehydration and the dried water ratio of dehumidification system (adopting thermal oil as the drying sludge medium), and granularity is 0~3mm.The emulsion zone that (calcium to sulphur mole ratio is 2) behind itself and the Wingdale uniform mixing is added the municipal sludge fluidized bed incinerators by screw feeder system 7.Because of the water ratio of mechanical dehydration mud higher, it is required in the mechanical dehydration drying sludge that dewatered sludge burns the shortage of heat that produces, select for use calorific value to be about the bituminous coal of 20MJ/kg as auxiliary fuel, and it is broken for the duff grain of granularity 0~6mm, add in the stoves by screw feeder system 7 with (calcium to sulphur mole ratio is 2) behind the Wingdale uniform mixing and to burn, replenish the heat that drying sludge is lacked, the slag that produces in the combustion processes is discharged by furnace bottom through residue extraction machine.Adopt the quartz sand about median size 0.6mm to make inert bed material, when the bed material is not enough, can in bed, add quartz sand by quartz sand adding set 4.The operating temperature of fluidized bed incinerator emulsion zone and freeboard of fluidized bed bottom is controlled at about 850 ℃.
Employing is carried out bed temperature control in the method for emulsion zone water spray.4 groups of water coolant/wet mud spray guns 6 are evenly arranged in emulsion zone top, and water coolant sprays in the stove after atomizing, and straying quatity is regulated according to bed temperature, guarantees that bed temperature maintains about 850 ℃.
A wind is sent in the bed by the emulsion zone bottom through primary air nozzle 9, air compartment 10 and air distribution plate 8 after air preheater 12 is heated to 150 ℃, and fluidising air velocity is controlled at about 3m/s.4 overfiren air ports of secondary air through being arranged in the freeboard of fluidized bed bottom tangentially spray in the stove.The temperature out of freeboard of fluidized bed is controlled at 650 ℃, and furnace roof keeps being not less than the negative pressure of 20Pa.The high-temperature flue gas that burning produces enters back-end ductwork from the outlet on freeboard of fluidized bed top through horizontal flue, flow through successively afterbody convection heating surface 14 and air preheater 12, be cooled to back below 200 ℃ and carry out dedusting, washing, after induced draft fan and chimney enter atmosphere by exhaust pass introducing exhaust treatment system.
Before 200 ℃ thermal oil is delivered to incinerator through filter filtration back by recycle pump, process is to enter the afterbody convection heating surface 14 of incinerator behind the air distribution plate 8 of thermal oil as heat-eliminating medium, rise to the radiation heating surface 3 that enters freeboard of fluidized bed top after 215 ℃ again, send sludge dryer dry wet mud after being heated to 235 ℃ back to, be cooled to thermal oil after 200 ℃ and deliver to sludge incineration device again and recycle.