CN111895420A - Composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace - Google Patents
Composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111895420A CN111895420A CN202010627229.3A CN202010627229A CN111895420A CN 111895420 A CN111895420 A CN 111895420A CN 202010627229 A CN202010627229 A CN 202010627229A CN 111895420 A CN111895420 A CN 111895420A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace, which comprises a fluidized bed drying chamber, a combustion furnace and a cyclone separator which are sequentially and adjacently connected in the horizontal direction, wherein the interior of the combustion furnace is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are mutually communicated, the lower part is a main combustion chamber, the upper part is a mixed secondary combustion chamber, the fluidized bed drying chamber is respectively provided with a feeding hole, the device comprises a discharge port, a fluidized air inlet and a fluidized air outlet which use low-temperature flue gas as fluidized air, wherein the discharge port of a fluidized bed drying chamber is connected with a feeding machine, the feeding machine is connected with a main combustion chamber, the fluidized air outlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber is communicated with the lower part of a mixed secondary combustion chamber, a cyclone separator is respectively provided with a separator inlet, a separator discharge port and a separator flue gas outlet, the upper part of the mixed secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the separator inlet, and the separator discharge port is communicated with the main combustion chamber. The invention realizes the integration of sludge drying and incineration, has high energy utilization rate and can realize the self-supply of energy for sludge incineration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge incineration treatment, in particular to a sludge incineration treatment furnace with a composite fluidized bed.
Background
A large amount of sludge generated in the urban and industrial sewage treatment process can be an important pollution source influencing urban environment when the sludge is not treated. At present, the treatment methods of sludge include landfill, incineration and the like. Wherein, adopting the landfill mode can occupy a large amount of lands, still can cause serious secondary pollution and new environmental problem, has brought the hidden danger for ecological environment. The sludge incineration technology has become the mainstream of sludge treatment due to the advantages of high treatment speed, small volume of the sludge after sludge treatment, capability of being made into useful products, good safety and the like.
The sludge incineration treatment technology in the prior art has the following defects:
firstly, the sludge needs to be dried by special dewatering equipment and then sent into an incinerator for combustion, the integration of sludge drying and incineration is not realized, and the transportation flow of the sludge is increased;
and secondly, the energy of sludge incineration is not fully utilized, and the self-supply of the energy of sludge incineration cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace, which aims to realize the integration of sludge drying and incineration and further realize the self-supply of energy for sludge incineration. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace, which comprises a fluidized bed drying chamber, a combustion furnace and a cyclone separator which are sequentially and adjacently connected in the horizontal direction, the interior of the combustion furnace is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are communicated with each other, the lower part is a main combustion chamber, the upper part is a mixed secondary combustion chamber, the fluidized bed drying chamber is respectively provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a fluidized air inlet and a fluidized air outlet which use low-temperature flue gas as fluidized air, the discharge port of the fluidized bed drying chamber is connected with a feeder which is connected with the main combustion chamber, the fluidized air outlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber is communicated with the lower part of the mixing secondary combustion chamber, the cyclone separator is respectively provided with a separator inlet, a separator discharge outlet and a separator smoke outlet, the upper part of the mixing secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the inlet of the separator, and the discharge outlet of the separator is communicated with the main combustion chamber.
The sludge combustion furnace is provided with an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the lower part is a main combustion chamber for drying sludge, namely a first hearth, and the sludge can be dried to less than ten percent, so the temperature of the hearth can be ensured to be more than 850 ℃, the sludge with any moisture can be stably combusted, and the generation of dioxin can be restrained. The upper part is a mixing secondary combustion chamber, namely a second hearth, and the fine powder coming out of the fluidized bed drying chamber is mainly subjected to suspension combustion and deodorization.
Wherein, the first furnace and the second furnace are both heat insulation furnaces. The fluidized bed drying chamber is a low-temperature low-speed built-in hot fluidized bed, and the main combustion chamber is an adiabatic high-speed circulating fluidized bed.
The fluidized bed drying chamber is mainly used for drying wet sludge at low temperature by using flue gas and steam (the steam can be replaced by conduction oil) and automatically granulating, so that the requirement of the main combustion chamber on fuel is met, and dried moisture, flue gas and fine powder enter the mixed secondary combustion chamber.
In the invention, the flue gas from the mixing secondary combustion chamber is separated by a large-size cyclone separator, and a part of unburned powder returns to the middle part of the main combustion chamber for circular combustion. The flue gas separated by the rotary phoenix separator enters a waste heat recovery system for heat energy recovery, and steam (or heat conduction oil) required by the system is generated for use of built-in heat required by drying.
The invention is further improved as follows: and a nose-shaped bulge extending towards the inner direction of the hearth of the combustion furnace is arranged at one side part of the furnace wall in the combustion furnace at the boundary of the primary combustion chamber and the mixed secondary combustion chamber.
The preferable scheme of the invention is as follows: the cyclone separator is characterized in that a high-temperature flue gas pipeline is connected to a separator flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator, the high-temperature flue gas pipeline is connected with an evaporator of the waste heat boiler, the high-temperature flue gas pipeline is connected to a flue gas inlet of a dust remover after coming out of the evaporator of the waste heat boiler, the flue gas outlet of the dust remover is connected with a low-temperature flue gas pipeline, flue gas in the low-temperature flue gas pipeline is conveyed to a desulfurizing tower through a first fan, and the desulfurizing tower is connected with a chimney.
The waste heat boiler is provided with a steam drum and a steam circulation pipeline connected with the steam drum, and the steam circulation pipeline is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber and used as a first drying heat source for heating sludge.
Preferably, a composite condenser is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline, and the composite condenser comprises a first plate heat exchanger, a second plate heat exchanger and a third plate heat exchanger which are sequentially arranged according to the sequence of flue gas entering; the hot water circulating pipeline heated by the first plate heat exchanger is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber as a second drying heat source for heating sludge, air heated by the second plate heat exchanger forms primary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber, and air heated by the third plate heat exchanger forms secondary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber.
Performing two-stage heat exchange on the dedusted flue gas, and generating hot water at the temperature of 90-95 ℃ through the first-stage heat exchange of the first plate heat exchanger for the built-in heat cycle of the fluidized bed drying chamber; the air is heated through the second section of heat exchange of the second plate heat exchanger and the third plate heat exchanger to provide primary hot air and secondary hot air of the main combustion chamber.
Preferably, a low-temperature flue gas branch pipe connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber is further arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline, and a second fan used for sending the low-temperature flue gas into the fluidized bed drying chamber and the feeder is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas branch pipe.
The low-temperature flue gas is divided into two parts, one part of the low-temperature flue gas is returned to the fluidized bed drying chamber for fluidization and moisture carrying, and the other part of the low-temperature flue gas is desulfurized out of the chimney.
The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace is also provided with a sludge bin and a feeding device connected between the sludge bin and the fluidized bed drying chamber.
The feeding device adopts one of the following two structures to realize feeding operation: one structure is that the sludge in the sludge bin is directly sent into the feed inlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber through a delivery pump and a pipeline, the other structure is that a sludge filter press, a sludge crusher and a screw feeder are sequentially arranged between the sludge bin and the fluidized bed drying chamber, the sludge in the sludge bin firstly enters the sludge filter press for filter pressing, and the sludge is sent into the feed inlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber through the screw feeder after being crushed by the sludge crusher.
In the invention, a sludge dispersing and broadcasting device is arranged at the position of a feed inlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber.
In the invention, the discharge port of the fluidized bed drying chamber comprises a coarse particle discharge port and a fine particle discharge port, the coarse particle discharge port and the fine particle discharge port are both connected to a feeder, and the feeder is connected to the feeding port of the main combustion chamber.
In the invention, a plurality of heating zones are arranged in the fluidized bed drying chamber, each heating zone is provided with a modular heating unit, and the heat sources of the modular heating units are from the hot water circulation pipeline and the steam circulation pipeline. In addition, the fluidized bed drying chamber is provided with components such as a grid, a modular heating unit, an air distribution plate, an air cap, a fluidized air distribution regulator and the like. The main combustion chamber is provided with a primary air chamber, a secondary air chamber, an air distribution plate, an air cap, a lower cloth layer and other parts. In order to facilitate operation and maintenance, the main combustion chamber is also provided with a hand hole and a manhole.
In the invention, the temperature of the primary combustion chamber is 800-1100 ℃, and the temperature of the mixed secondary combustion chamber is 400-600 ℃.
The process flow of the composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace is as follows:
(1) material and flue gas flow
80% of water-containing sludge in a sludge bin is conveyed into an inlet of a fluidized bed drying chamber by a conveying pump, the sludge is dispersedly distributed in the fluidized bed drying chamber by a sludge dispersing and spreading device, sludge particles are formed by heating and drying, then the sludge particles enter a feeder under the action of flue gas fluidized air, the sludge particles enter a main combustion chamber of a combustion furnace by hot air supply (hot air comes from low-temperature flue gas after combustion) of a second fan for incineration at 800-1100 ℃, burned ash residues after incineration are discharged from the bottom of the furnace, the burned flue gas rises to a mixed secondary combustion chamber and is mixed with fluidized air dust from the fluidized bed drying chamber, the flue gas is burned into high-temperature flue gas at the temperature of 400-600 ℃, the high-temperature flue gas enters an evaporator of a waste heat boiler for heat exchange after dust is separated by a cyclone separator to form low-temperature flue gas at the temperature of 120 ℃, the low-temperature flue gas enters a composite condenser for cooling and dewatering after, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 65 ℃ through heat exchange of a first plate heat exchanger, a second plate heat exchanger and a third plate heat exchanger in the composite condenser, and then the flue gas is sent into a desulfurizing tower through a first fan to be desulfurized and then is discharged from a chimney. Wherein the dust separated by the cyclone is returned to the primary combustion chamber.
(2) Sludge drying heat supply flow:
a part of 65 ℃ flue gas is sent into a fluidized bed drying chamber through a second fan to be used as hot air of fluidized air, a steam circulation pipeline on a waste heat boiler exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas through an evaporator to obtain heat, 1.3Mpa saturated steam is formed in the steam circulation pipeline, and the steam circulation pipeline is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber and is used as a first drying heat source for heating sludge; and a hot water circulation pipeline of the first plate heat exchanger exchanges heat with the low-temperature flue gas to obtain heat, and the hot water circulation pipeline is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber and used as a second drying heat source for heating sludge. The temperature of the hot water circulating pipeline entering the fluidized bed drying chamber is 95 ℃, and the temperature of the hot water circulating pipeline exiting the fluidized bed drying chamber is 70 ℃.
(3) Feeding and air supplying processes of the combustion chamber:
a feeding process: the combustion furnace is connected with a feeder, and the flue gas at 65 ℃ is sent into a conveying port of the feeder through a second fan so as to send sludge particles into a main combustion chamber of the combustion furnace.
Air supply flow: the air at 45 ℃ heated by the second plate heat exchanger forms primary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber, and the air at 45 ℃ heated by the third plate heat exchanger forms secondary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
firstly, according to the composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace, the fluidized bed drying chamber and the combustion furnace are arranged adjacently to form the integrated sludge incineration treatment furnace, so that sludge can directly enter the combustion furnace after being dried in the fluidized bed drying chamber, the process flow end and the safety are good, and the energy loss and the environmental protection problems caused by material conveying are greatly reduced, so that the defects that the sludge needs to be dried firstly and then is conveyed to the combustion furnace in the traditional sludge treatment process are overcome. The invention takes the drying system and the burning system into consideration in an integrated way, does not need two systems and saves investment.
Secondly, according to the composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace, the upper combustion chamber and the lower combustion chamber are arranged in the sludge incinerator, and the nose-shaped bulge is arranged between the upper combustion chamber and the lower combustion chamber, so that a temperature difference between the upper combustion chamber and the lower combustion chamber can be formed, the temperature of the main combustion chamber is ensured to be more than 850 ℃, the composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace can adapt to sludge combustion with various water contents, the stability is good, and the generation of dioxin can be restrained; the upper mixing secondary combustion chamber mainly carries out suspension combustion on the fine powder coming out of the fluidized bed drying chamber, and meanwhile, the fine powder has a good deodorization effect.
Thirdly, the high-temperature flue gas after combustion exchanges heat with a steam circulation pipeline of the waste heat boiler through an evaporator of the waste heat boiler, the heat of the steam circulation pipeline is used as a first drying heat source for heating sludge, the low-temperature flue gas from the waste heat boiler sequentially enters a first plate heat exchanger, a second plate heat exchanger and a third plate heat exchanger of a composite condenser for heat exchange, temperature reduction and water removal, the heat obtained by a hot water circulation pipeline connected with the first plate heat exchanger is used as a second drying heat source for heating sludge, the air heated by the second plate heat exchanger and the third plate heat exchanger is sent into a combustion furnace, and part of the low-temperature flue gas is returned to a fluidized bed drying chamber to be used as fluidized air, so that the energy is utilized in a grading manner, and compared with the conventional sludge incineration furnace, the thermal efficiency is more than thirty percent, thereby improving the utilization rate of the flue gas energy and realizing the self-supply of the energy of sludge incineration.
Fourthly, the composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace adopts a low-temperature low-speed fluidized bed technology for drying, can reasonably use heat sources including 90-95 ℃ hot water and having a certain temperature difference with 65 ℃, and provides necessary conditions for system use of latent heat of vaporization of water and low-temperature flue gas fluidization. In addition, the fluidized bed drying chamber is directly communicated with the combustion chamber of open fire, and the system safety is high. The invention fully utilizes all energy sources, including the vaporization latent heat of water, has extremely high efficiency, can adapt to sludge with various water contents, and the water contents do not influence combustion; the high-moisture flue gas after burning can also pass through the dehydration of compound condenser after the dust removal, therefore its adaptability to various moisture mud is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite fluidized bed sludge incineration disposal furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the combined fluidized bed sludge incineration disposal furnace of FIG. 1 applied to an incineration disposal system.
In the figure: 1. a fluidized bed drying chamber, 2, a combustion furnace, 3, a cyclone separator, 4, a primary combustion chamber, 5, a mixed secondary combustion chamber, 6, a feed inlet, 7, a discharge outlet, 8, a fluidized air inlet, 9, a fluidized air outlet, 10, a feeder, 11, a separator inlet, 12, a separator discharge outlet, 13, a separator flue gas outlet, 14, a nose-shaped bulge, 15, a waste heat boiler, 16, an evaporator, 17, the system comprises a high-temperature flue gas pipeline, 18, a low-temperature flue gas pipeline, 19, a first fan, 20, a desulfurizing tower, 21, a chimney, 22, a steam drum, 23, a steam circulation pipeline, 24, a first plate heat exchanger, 25, a second plate heat exchanger, 26, a third plate heat exchanger, 27, a hot water circulation pipeline, 28, a low-temperature flue gas branch pipe, 29, a second fan, 30, a sludge bin, 31, a delivery pump, 32, a sludge dispersing and broadcasting device, 33 and a dust remover.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Fig. 1 to 2 show an embodiment of a composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace of the present invention, which comprises a fluidized bed drying chamber 1, a combustion furnace 2 and a cyclone separator 3, which are connected in a horizontal direction, wherein the combustion furnace 2 is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are communicated with each other, the lower part is a primary combustion chamber 4, the upper part is a mixed secondary combustion chamber 5, the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 is respectively provided with a feed inlet 6, a discharge outlet 7, a fluidizing air inlet 8 and a fluidizing air outlet 9 which use low-temperature flue gas as fluidizing air, the discharge outlet 7 of the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 is connected with a feeder 10, the feeder 10 is connected with the primary combustion chamber 4, the fluidizing air outlet 9 of the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 is communicated with the lower part of the mixed secondary combustion chamber 5, the cyclone separator 3 is respectively provided with a separator inlet 11, a separator discharge outlet 12 and a separator flue gas outlet 13, the upper part of the mixing secondary combustion chamber 5 is communicated with the separator inlet 11, and the separator discharge outlet 12 is communicated with the primary combustion chamber 4.
The sludge combustion furnace 2 is provided with an upper chamber and a lower chamber, the lower part is a main combustion chamber 4 for drying sludge, namely a first hearth, and the sludge can be dried to less than ten percent, so the temperature of the hearth can be ensured to be more than 850 ℃, the sludge with any moisture can be stably combusted, and the generation of dioxin can be restrained. The upper part is a mixing secondary combustion chamber 5, namely a second hearth, and the fine powder coming out of the fluidized bed drying chamber is mainly subjected to suspension combustion and deodorization.
Wherein, the first furnace and the second furnace are both heat insulation furnaces. The fluidized bed drying chamber 1 is a low-temperature low-speed built-in heat fluidized bed, and the main combustion chamber 4 is an adiabatic high-speed circulating fluidized bed.
The fluidized bed drying chamber 1 has the main task of drying wet sludge at low temperature by using flue gas and steam (or replacing steam with heat conduction oil) and automatically granulating, so that the requirement of the main combustion chamber 4 on fuel is met, and dried moisture, flue gas and fine powder enter the mixed secondary combustion chamber.
In this embodiment, the flue gas from the mixing secondary combustion chamber 5 is separated by the first cyclone separator 3, and a part of the unburned powder returns to the middle of the primary combustion chamber 4 for circular combustion. The flue gas separated by the rotary phoenix separator 3 enters a waste heat recovery system for heat energy recovery, and steam (or heat conduction oil) required by the system is generated for use of built-in heat required by drying.
The further improvement scheme of the embodiment is as follows: a nose-shaped bulge 14 extending towards the inner direction of the hearth of the combustion furnace is arranged at one side part of the furnace wall of the combustion furnace 2 at the boundary part of the primary combustion chamber 4 and the mixed secondary combustion chamber 5.
The preferred scheme of this embodiment is: the cyclone separator is characterized in that a high-temperature flue gas pipeline 17 is connected to a separator flue gas outlet 13 of the cyclone separator 3, the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 17 is connected with an evaporator 16 of the waste heat boiler 15, the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 17 is connected to a flue gas inlet of a dust remover 33 after coming out of the evaporator 16 of the waste heat boiler 15, the flue gas outlet of the dust remover 33 is connected with a low-temperature flue gas pipeline 18, flue gas in the low-temperature flue gas pipeline 18 is conveyed to a desulfurizing tower 20 through a first fan 19, and the desulfurizing tower 20 is connected with a chimney 21.
The waste heat boiler 15 is provided with a steam drum 22 and a steam circulation pipeline 23 connected with the steam drum 22, and the steam circulation pipeline 23 is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 and used as a first drying heat source for heating sludge.
Preferably, a composite condenser is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline 18, and the composite condenser comprises a first plate heat exchanger 24, a second plate heat exchanger 25 and a third plate heat exchanger 26 which are sequentially arranged according to the sequence of flue gas entering; a hot water circulating pipeline 27 heated by the first plate heat exchanger 24 is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 as a second drying heat source for heating sludge, air heated by the second plate heat exchanger 25 forms primary hot air to enter the primary combustion chamber 4, and air heated by the third plate heat exchanger 26 forms secondary hot air to enter the primary combustion chamber 4.
The dedusted flue gas is subjected to two-stage heat exchange, and hot water at the temperature of 90-95 ℃ is generated through the first-stage heat exchange of the first plate heat exchanger 24 and is used for the built-in heat cycle of the fluidized bed drying chamber 1; the primary hot air and the secondary hot air of the main combustion chamber 4 are provided by heating the air through the second section heat exchange of the second plate heat exchanger 25 and the third plate heat exchanger 26.
Preferably, a low-temperature flue gas branch pipe 28 connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 is further arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline 18, and a second fan 29 for sending the low-temperature flue gas into the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 and the feeder 10 is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas branch pipe 28.
The low-temperature flue gas is divided into two parts, one part of the low-temperature flue gas is returned to the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 for fluidization and moisture carrying, and the other part of the low-temperature flue gas is desulfurized out of the chimney 21.
The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration furnace of the embodiment is further provided with a sludge bin 30 and a feeding device 30 connected between the sludge bin 30 and the fluidized bed drying chamber 1.
The feeding device adopts one of the following two structures to realize feeding operation: one structure is that the mud in the mud storehouse 30 is directly sent into the feed inlet 6 of fluidized bed drying chamber 1 through delivery pump and pipeline, and another kind of structure is in set gradually mud pressure filter, sludge crusher and screw feeder between mud storehouse 30 and fluidized bed drying chamber 1, mud in the mud storehouse 30 gets into the mud pressure filter earlier and carries out the filter-pressing, and the broken back of rethread sludge crusher is sent into the feed inlet 6 of fluidized bed drying chamber 1 by screw feeder.
In this embodiment, a sludge dispersing and spreading device 32 is installed at the position of the feed inlet 6 of the fluidized bed drying chamber 1.
In this embodiment, the discharge port 7 of the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 includes a coarse particle discharge port and a fine particle discharge port, both the coarse particle discharge port and the fine particle discharge port are connected to the feeder, and the feeder is connected to the feeding port of the main combustion chamber 4.
In this embodiment, a plurality of heating zones are arranged in the fluidized bed drying chamber 1, each heating zone is provided with a modular heating unit, and the heat sources of the modular heating units are from the hot water circulation pipeline 27 and the steam circulation pipeline 23. In the fluidized bed drying chamber 1, components such as a grid, a modular heating unit, an air distribution plate, an air cap, and a fluidized air distribution regulator are disposed. The main combustion chamber 4 is provided with a primary air chamber, a secondary air chamber, an air distribution plate, an air cap, a lower cloth layer and other parts. For convenience of operation and maintenance, the main combustion chamber 4 is also provided with a hand hole and a manhole.
In the embodiment, the temperature of the primary combustion chamber 4 is 800-1100 ℃, and the temperature of the mixed secondary combustion chamber 5 is 400-600 ℃.
The process flow of the composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace adopting the embodiment is as follows:
(1) material and flue gas flow
80% of water-containing sludge in a sludge bin 30 is conveyed into an inlet of a fluidized bed drying chamber by a conveying pump 31, the sludge is dispersedly distributed in the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 by a sludge dispersing and spreading device 32, sludge particles are formed by heating and drying, then the sludge particles enter a feeder 10 under the action of flue gas fluidized air, the sludge particles enter a main combustion chamber 4 of a combustion furnace 2 by hot air supply (hot air comes from low-temperature flue gas after combustion) of a second fan 29 for incineration at 800-1100 ℃, burned ash and slag after incineration are discharged from the bottom of the furnace, the burned flue gas rises to a mixed secondary combustion chamber and is mixed with fluidized air dust from the fluidized bed drying chamber 1, the flue gas is burned into high-temperature flue gas at 300 ℃ at 400-600 ℃, the high-temperature flue gas enters an evaporator 16 of a waste heat boiler 15 for heat exchange to form low-temperature flue gas at 120 ℃ after dust is separated by a cyclone separator 3, the low-temperature flue gas enters a composite condenser for cooling and dewatering, the heat exchange is carried out through a first plate heat exchanger 24, a second plate heat exchanger 25 and a third plate heat exchanger 26 in the composite condenser, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to 65 ℃, and then the flue gas is sent into a desulfurizing tower 20 through a first fan 19 for desulfurization and then is discharged from a chimney 21. Wherein the dust separated by the cyclone 3 is returned to the primary combustion chamber 4.
(2) Sludge drying heat supply flow:
a part of the flue gas with the temperature of 65 ℃ is sent into the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 through a second fan 29 to be used as hot air of fluidized air, a steam circulation pipeline 23 on the waste heat boiler 15 is subjected to heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas through an evaporator 16 to obtain heat, 1.3Mpa saturated steam is formed in the steam circulation pipeline 23, and the steam circulation pipeline 23 is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 to be used as a first drying heat source for heating sludge; a hot water circulating pipeline 27 of the first plate heat exchanger 24 exchanges heat with low-temperature flue gas to obtain heat, and the hot water circulating pipeline 27 is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 and used as a second drying heat source for heating sludge. The hot water circulation line 27 enters the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 at a temperature of 95 c and exits the fluidized bed drying chamber 1 at a temperature of 70 c.
(3) Feeding and air supplying processes of the combustion chamber:
a feeding process: the combustion furnace 2 is connected with a feeder 10, the flue gas with the temperature of 65 ℃ is sent into the conveying port of the feeder 10 through a second fan 29, and the sludge particles are sent into the main combustion chamber 4 of the combustion furnace 2.
Air supply flow: the air at 45 ℃ heated by the second plate heat exchanger 25 forms primary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber 4, and the air at 45 ℃ heated by the third plate heat exchanger 26 forms secondary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber 4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace is characterized by comprising a fluidized bed drying chamber, a combustion furnace and a cyclone separator which are sequentially and adjacently connected in the horizontal direction, wherein the interior of the combustion furnace is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are mutually communicated, the lower part is a main combustion chamber, the upper part is a mixed secondary combustion chamber, the fluidized bed drying chamber is respectively provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a fluidized air inlet and a fluidized air outlet which use low-temperature flue gas as fluidized air, the discharge outlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber is connected with a feeder which is connected with the main combustion chamber, the fluidized air outlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber is communicated with the lower part of the mixed secondary combustion chamber, the cyclone separator is respectively provided with a separator inlet, a separator discharge port and a separator flue gas outlet, and the upper part of the mixed secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the separator inlet, the discharge port of the separator is communicated with the main combustion chamber.
2. The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration disposal furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein a nose-shaped protrusion extending toward the inner side of the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace is provided at a side portion of the furnace wall of the combustion furnace at a boundary between the primary combustion chamber and the mixed secondary combustion chamber.
3. The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration furnace of claim 1, wherein a high temperature flue gas pipeline is connected to a flue gas outlet of a separator on the cyclone separator, the high temperature flue gas pipeline is connected to an evaporator of a waste heat boiler, the high temperature flue gas pipeline is connected to a flue gas inlet of a dust remover after coming out of the evaporator of the waste heat boiler, a low temperature flue gas pipeline is connected to a flue gas outlet of the dust remover, flue gas in the low temperature flue gas pipeline is conveyed to a desulfurization tower through a first fan, and the desulfurization tower is connected to a chimney.
4. The combined fluidized bed sludge incineration furnace of claim 3, wherein the exhaust-heat boiler is provided with a steam drum and a steam circulation pipeline connected with the steam drum, and the steam circulation pipeline is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber and used as a first drying heat source for heating sludge.
5. The sludge incineration treatment furnace of the composite fluidized bed according to claim 4, wherein a composite condenser is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline, and the composite condenser comprises a first plate heat exchanger, a second plate heat exchanger and a third plate heat exchanger which are sequentially arranged according to the sequence of flue gas entering; the hot water circulating pipeline heated by the first plate heat exchanger is connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber as a second drying heat source for heating sludge, air heated by the second plate heat exchanger forms primary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber, and air heated by the third plate heat exchanger forms secondary hot air to enter the main combustion chamber.
6. The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration treatment furnace of claim 5, wherein a low temperature flue gas branch pipe connected to the fluidized bed drying chamber is further arranged on the low temperature flue gas pipeline, and a second fan for sending low temperature flue gas into the fluidized bed drying chamber and the feeder is arranged on the low temperature flue gas branch pipe.
7. The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration furnace of claim 1, further comprising a sludge bin and a charging device connected between the sludge bin and the fluidized bed drying chamber.
8. The combined fluidized bed sludge incineration furnace of claim 7, wherein the charging device is one of the following two structures: one structure is that the sludge in the sludge bin is directly sent into the feed inlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber through a delivery pump and a pipeline, the other structure is that a sludge filter press, a sludge crusher and a screw feeder are sequentially arranged between the sludge bin and the fluidized bed drying chamber, the sludge in the sludge bin firstly enters the sludge filter press for filter pressing, and the sludge is sent into the feed inlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber through the screw feeder after being crushed by the sludge crusher.
9. The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration disposal furnace of claim 1, wherein a sludge scattering and spreading device is installed at a position of a feed inlet of the fluidized bed drying chamber.
10. The composite fluidized bed sludge incineration furnace of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the primary combustion chamber is 800 to 1100 ℃ and the temperature of the mixed secondary combustion chamber is 400 to 600 ℃.
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| CN115304236A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-08 | 上海市机电设计研究院有限公司 | Wet sludge integrated treatment system based on flue gas waste heat is recycled |
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