CN1794287B - Remote sensing estimation method of yield loss of crop multimetadata crop rotation cycle - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a remote sensing evaluation method for the loss of output of multi-element rotate period, which takes the analysis result of the variance in space of a crop in a remote sensing image as the data for evaluating the period of crops, setting up a formula to evaluate the actual period of the crop to be compared with the smallest integrant period to calculate the output loss resulted in inadequate rotate period of the crop.

Description

The remote sensing estimation method of yield loss of crop multimetadata crop rotation cycle

Technical field the present invention relates to agricultural and association area, is used for the loss of the crop yield that estimation causes in the inappropriate crop rotations of remote sensing image overlay area crops.

Background technology will be on same plot, a kind of proportion of crop planting is after the regular hour, plant again the another kind of crops regular hour, and the process that replaces down is called crop rotation always, these two kinds of times are called from a kind of crops to the another kind of farming rotation of crops time, also referred to as the period of crop-rotation.Crop rotation is one of main tillage and cultivation pattern of crops, have obvious ecological benefits and economic benefit, not only greatly improve soil physical and chemical property and ecologic environment, but also effectively destroy the living environment of disease worm, weeds, significantly reduce the use amount of agricultural chemicals, reduce pollution by pesticides, improve the output of crops.China not only does widespread use in southern area floods and droughts and drought ring, and in northern area crop rotation also widespread use, crop rotation as corn and soybean just has obvious ecology and economic benefit, nearly hundred million yuan of peasant households that implement soybean and Corn Rotation System for subsidy of annual investment of country.Worldwide, crop rotation is equally also becoming the ecology and the gordian technique of economic benefit, particularly research that improve agricultural production and is taking turns the impact of doing crop yield, has become the key issue that must solve in modern agricultural production and management.In fact, for some Crop Estimation (as cotton and soybean etc.), the quality of crop rotation has become the key factor that affects crop yield.Therefore, the research wheel is done the impact on crop yield on a large scale, final Accurate Prediction or estimate crop yield, all tool is of great significance for the analyses and prediction of the producers and consumers of relevant agricultural product and relevant world market for farm products.

Crops do not carry out the oversize crop yield that all makes of crop rotation or the period of crop-rotation and descend, therefore when relevant crops are assessed, all must carry out to the loss of this output the estimation of science, this not only concerns the accuracy of Crop Estimation, and be related to the reasonable disposition of production and supply market resource of relevant agricultural product and the normal operation in relevant financial market, be of great significance for the ecological benefits and the economic benefit tool that improve agricultural production.Yet, the loss of the crop yield how estimation causes due to the improper crop rotations of crops in large geographic area scope is a difficult problem that faces in agricultural and other association area always, scholar both domestic and external has carried out a large amount of explorations to this, but does not find the effective ways of head it off.

the loss progress that causes crop yield that the improper crop rotation due to crops is caused one of the main reasons slowly is: and do not know represent how accurately and describe the crop rotation cycle, and the characteristics of crop rotation self have illustrated, the period of crop-rotation method that the single numerical value of traditional use is described between crops is unscientific, at first there is obvious symmetry in the crop rotation between crops, secondly the crop rotation between this crops is mutual, the 3rd exists obvious asymmetry at crop rotation between the cycle, the size that is their numerical value might not equate, and all these three key features just can't be described with single numerical value at all, objective estimation is carried out in the loss of adopting single numerical value to be difficult to crop yield that the improper crop rotation due to crops is caused, thereby the loss that has restricted the crop yield that the improper crop rotation due to crops is caused with the method for science is furtherd investigate, so must seek new method.

the objective of the invention is to adopt a kind of new method to use decipher result to remote sensing image, and by being based upon the mathematical model on statistics and stochastic process basis, come actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the crops in analytical estimating remote sensing image covering area range, and then actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops were compared with minimum necessary polynary several periods of crop-rotation, estimate the loss of the crop yield that causes due to improper crop rotation, the method has efficiently, simply, be easy to the characteristics such as application, can be widely used in the field such as is estimated in zone or global farming rotation of crops disease and pest output reduction.

summary of the invention the present invention will from limited a plurality of on the time master data of the crop rotation of different year on all the same plot the crop rotation zone of decipher distributing in the remote sensing image coverage out on continuous satellite remote-sensing image in twos, according to varying in size of geographic range, respectively by the city, the county, township or village are the period of crop-rotation that unit calculates crops, again according to different to another kind of crop rotation order from a kind of crops, the conclusion that their period of crop-rotation also is not quite similar, be used in wheel and estimate the actual period of crop-rotation of different order crops as the formula of setting up on the stationary stochastic process basis, actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of final these crops of estimation.Then, actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops were compared with minimum necessary polynary several periods of crop-rotation, estimate the loss of the crop yield that causes due to improper crop rotation.Therefore, with limited a plurality of on the time in twos the decipher result of continuous satellite image be used for actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops in high precision estimation remote sensing image covering area range and polynary several periods of crop-rotation that actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops and minimum is necessary compare, estimate that the method for the loss of the crop yield that causes due to improper crop rotation becomes key character of the present invention.

The technical scheme of the remote sensing estimation method of yield loss of crop multimetadata crop rotation cycle of the present invention is:

Then the key concept of polynary several periods of crop-rotation of given first crops carry out decipher to the remote sensing image that the covering of obtaining will be studied the crops in crop rotation zone, obtains the crop rotation data in each township or town (city or county); Use again crop rotation cycle estimation equation to this crop rotation data analysis, obtain the actual period of crop-rotation and the actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops; Actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation with crops compared with minimum necessary polynary several periods of crop-rotation again, can calculate this yield loss crop rotation according to correlation formula.

Crops remote sensing image of the present invention decipher mainly comprises four steps, at first raw video is carried out geometry correction, the pre-service such as linear stretch enhancing; Secondly determine the interpret tag of crop rotation crops and other crops according to open-air on-site inspection; And then by the artificial visual decipher, extract the information of crop rotation crops and generate the decipher map that contains crop rotation crop map spot from image, afterwards, this map is verified inspection on the spot, problematic figure spot is revised, make the decipher of map accurately and reliably; Generate at last the vector quantization decipher map that comprises the crop rotation crops, and by Geographic Information System, the decipher map is carried out spatial analysis and process, obtain crop rotation farming rotation of crops data.

Polynary several periods of crop-rotation of research crop rotation, must observe for many years the crop rotation zone, and the data that obtain are carried out statistical study, could obtain compellent result, therefore, utilization of the present invention is estimated polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops from limited a plurality of data that obtain continuous remote sensing satellite image in twos on the time.Limited a plurality of on the time in twos each the width image in the continuous remote sensing satellite image image of remote sensing satellite for many years that refers to choose be continuous on the time with another width image at least.

the polynary several period of crop-rotation estimation equations of crops of the present invention's design, limited a plurality of on the time in twos continuous remote sensing satellite imaging monitor except utilizing, adopted the method that the crop rotation level in all small towns in the crop rotation zone is observed simultaneously, estimate that the crop rotation level in a Utopian typical small towns is (to the city, the county can be same discussion), be equivalent to expand to the random test sample size of township's one-level a plurality of, in order to extrapolate more exactly polynary several periods of crop-rotation of these regional crops, it is according to being: have obvious mutual independence between each small towns and each peasant household in crop rotation and tillage and cultivation management, substantially meet statistically the requirement to sample independence, when the periodicity of crop rotation is reflected in the crop rotation process of describing with stochastic process, this process has stationarity, the quantity that just is equivalent to statistically annual crop rotation should be roughly the same, can go out to complete needed time of whole crop rotation or cycle according to the quantity survey (surveying) of annual crop rotation, limited a plurality of on the time in twos the independent sample in continuous a plurality of small towns quantitatively have for research statistical nature or cycle of crop rotation process of township's one-level of stationarity, should be enough large.

It is key characters of the present invention that the remote sensing estimation method of the yield loss of crop multimetadata crop rotation cycle of the present invention's design is applicable to all crops.

Now, at first as example, the polynary several period of crop-rotation estimation equations of crops being described with cotton and paddy rice wheel, is key character of the present invention but this formula is applicable to the estimation of all polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops.

Limited a plurality of on the time in adjacent 2 years of continuous remote sensing satellite imaging monitor in twos, the plot that grew cotton upper one year with " cotton/rice " expression in the next year kind area of paddy rice.For given plot, if " cotton _i/ rice _i+1" be illustrated on this plot, i grows cotton and the area of i+1 kind paddy rice, the next year kind paddy rice i.e. " area of paddy rice of ratio that accounts for 1 year area that grows cotton _i+1The area of/cotton _i" be defined as this plot i to the cotton rice crop rotation factor of i+1 or referred to as the cotton rice crop rotation factor of this plot i, and use CRRF _i(Cotton-Rice Rotation Factor) represent,

${\mathrm{CRRF}}_i=\frac{{\mathrm{NRA}}_i}{{\mathrm{CCA}}_i};$

CCA wherein _iBe the area that grows cotton at i for given plot; NRA _iBe CCA _iIn, the area of i+1 kind paddy rice.

Given only have cotton and paddy rice in a certain given plot enterprising road wheel do, to this plot continuous monitoring N, this crop rotation process is described with having obviously periodically stationary stochastic process, and at this point on piece, the cotton rice crop rotation factor is CRRF _i(i=1 ..., N-1), the period of crop-rotation CRRP of cotton and paddy rice (Cotton-Rice Rotation Period) is

$\mathrm{CRRP}=\underset{N\→\∞}{\lim }\frac{1}{N-1}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{1}{{\mathrm{CRRF}}_i};$

Because the year number N that in fact observes is limited, so when N is enough large, the approximate value of cotton rice period of crop-rotation CRRP:

Because cotton and paddy rice crop rotation process are described with having obviously periodic stationary stochastic process, therefore the quantity of annual cotton crop rotation statistically should be roughly the same, and cotton and the paddy rice period of crop-rotation are to have and use numeric representation.

Because only have cotton and paddy rice in given plot enterprising road wheel do, so according to CRRF _iDefinition, at given " upper one year of cotton area " CCA _iSituation under, if " cotton/rice " area NRA is arranged every year _iReplant paddy rice, Year has replanted " upper one year of cotton area ", therefore CRRP _i=1/CRRF _iSet up.

The mathematical expectation E (ξ) that given desired cycle CRRP is stochastic variable ξ, the method for so approximate definite CRRP is that ξ is carried out duplicate sampling N time, produces the sequence ξ of separate ξ value ₁... .., ξ _N(ξ ₁=1/CRRF ₁... .., ξ _N=1/CRRF _N), its arithmetic mean

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ξ}}_N}=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\ξ}}_i;$

According to powerful several theorems,

$P(\underset{N\→\∞}{\lim }\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ξ}}_N}=\mathrm{CRRP})=1;$

Therefore, when N is fully large,

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ξ}}_N}\≈E\left(\mathrm{\ξ}\right)=\mathrm{CRRP};$

The probability of setting up equals 1, therefore uses

Estimated value as required amount CRRP.

According to theorems, utilize M small towns N continuous year satellite monitoring data to the crop rotation zone, calculate the cotton rice period of crop-rotation in this crop rotation zone,

Wherein M is the small towns sum; NRA _ijBe that j small towns is in the area that i grows cotton, at the area of i+1 kind paddy rice; CCA _ijBe j the area that the small towns grows cotton at i.

For the situation of paddy rice and cotton crop rotation, release the cotton period of crop-rotation formula of rice that calculates the crop rotation zone

Wherein M is the small towns sum; RCRF _iWhat are arranged in i-1 kind paddy rice in the area that grows cotton for i; NCA _ijBe j small towns in the area of i-1 kind paddy rice, the area that grows cotton at i; CCA _ijBe j the area that the small towns grows cotton at i.

Claim

With Be the statistics period of crop-rotation of crops, referred to as the statistics period of crop-rotation of crops.Therefore, in the remote sensing image coverage, the statistics period of crop-rotation of the wheel effect of crops x and y between them describes, according to above-mentioned analysis, in the ordinary course of things, crops x is different from the period of crop-rotation of crops y and the period of crop-rotation of crops y and crops x, and this physical meaning in the crops statistics asymmetry between the period of crop-rotation and the asymmetry of crop rotation between the cycle is identical.Therefore, the period of crop-rotation between crops x and y describes with the polynary number in following m rank:

(x ₁，…，x _m，y ₁，…，y _m，f ₁(x ₁，…，x _m，y ₁，…，y _m)，…，f _p(x ₁，…，x _m，y ₁，…，y _m))

Wherein: x _i(i=1 ..., m) be the crops x that tries to achieve with m kind diverse ways and the period of crop-rotation of crops y; y _i(i=1 ..., m) be the crops y that tries to achieve with m kind diverse ways and the period of crop-rotation of crops x; f _j(x ₁..., x _m, y ₁..., y _m) (j=1 ..., p) for p kind diverse ways required be reflected in period of crop-rotation x _iAnd y _i(i=1 ..., the difference function between m) therefore is divided three classes the unit in polynary several periods of crop-rotation, and the first kind is relevant with the crop rotation of crops x and y, and Equations of The Second Kind is relevant with the crop rotation of crops y and x, and the 3rd class is relevant with Equations of The Second Kind unit with the first kind.

The period of crop-rotation of trying to achieve between crops x and y with the cotton period of crop-rotation of above-mentioned rice and cotton rice period of crop-rotation formula is respectively x ₁And y ₁, x is described ₁And y ₁Between the cycle differentiation function be f ₁(x ₁, y ₁)=y ₁-x ₁, polynary several periods of crop-rotation of single order of describing crops x and y crop rotation are (x ₁, y ₁, y ₁-x ₁).By comparing with the period of crop-rotation between y with crops x that the single numerical value of traditional use is described, polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops provide more comprehensively information, are a kind of describing methods of more science, with the polynary several period of crop-rotation (x of single order ₁, y ₁, y ₁-x ₁) be example: y ₁-x ₁＞0, illustrate that crop rotation makes the income of crops x larger than the income of crops y, this is because of the crop rotation for crops x and y, crop rotation is to make crops x have higher ecology and economic benefit, crops x and the length of the y period of crop-rotation have close relationship with ecological and economic benefit so, and the period of crop-rotation of crops x and y is shorter and period of crop-rotation crops y and x is long, and is more favourable to crops x, namely for the comparisons of two polynary several periods of crop-rotation, at x ₁In identical situation, more to consider difference function value y ₁-x ₁Size, namely to y ₁Value compares, y ₁The effect that is worth larger crop rotation is better.

In sum, illustrate that as example the polynary several period of crop-rotation estimation equations of single order of crops are as follows with cotton and paddy rice wheel, but it is key character of the present invention that this formula is applicable to the estimation of all polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops single order, identical for the analysis of m polynary several periods of crop-rotation of rank of crops.Polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the single order of crops x and y crop rotation:

(x ₁，y ₁，y ₁-x ₁)

Wherein:

In the following analysis, if do not specified, all polynary several periods of crop-rotation all refer to polynary several periods of crop-rotation of single order.

The remote sensing estimation method of the yield loss of crop multimetadata crop rotation cycle of the present invention's design is as follows:

Crops i and crops j carry out crop rotation, be used for to improve ecology and economic benefit that crops produce, and be relevant with polynary several periods of crop-rotation of these crops and use the percentage exponent gamma due to the crop rotation production loss of not crop rotation or the oversize crops t that causes of the period of crop-rotation _ijtBe expressed as:

γ _ijt＝f(x _a，x _b，x _c)；

Wherein: t is i or j; f(x _a, x _b, x _c) for asking γ _ijtThe function of value; Variable x _aBe actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops i: x _a=(x ₁₁, y ₁₁, y ₁₁-x ₁₁); Variable x _bFor the minimum of crops i must polynary several periods of crop-rotation: x _b=(x ₁₂, y ₁₂, y ₁₂-x ₁₂); Variable x _cBe the amount relevant with the geographical conditions in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone and other factors.

f(x _a, x _b, x _c) be Multiple Linear Regression Function, ask γ _ijtHave during value:

γ _ijt＝f(x _a，x _b，x _c)＝a ₁₁x ₁₁+b ₁₁y ₁₁+c ₁₁(y ₁₁-x ₁₁)+a ₁₂x ₁₂+b ₁₂y ₁₂+c ₁₂(y ₁₂-x ₁₂)；

Wherein: regression coefficient a ₁₁..., c ₁₂Relevant with the geographical conditions factor in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone.By in the crop rotation zone of crops i, according to the difference of polynary several periods of crop-rotation of reality, several sample prescriptions are set, then measure the percentage γ of actual crop rotation production loss in each sample prescription _ijt, and according to corresponding x ₁₁..., (y ₁₂-x ₁₂) value, with the method Coefficient of determination a that returns ₁₁..., c ₁₂Value.

By the processing of above-mentioned multiple regression equation to the real data in sample prescription, regression variable x ₁₁, y ₁₁, x ₁₂, y ₁₂Use respectively CRTP _ij, RCTP _ij, CRTN _ij, RCTN _ijReplace, and make x _a=(CRTP _ij, RCTP _ij, RCTP _ij-CRTP _ij), x _b=(CRTN _ij, RCTN _ij, RCTN _ij-CRTN _ij), regression coefficient a ₁₁..., c ₁₂Use coefficient C _ijkAnd D _ijkReplace, obtain asking γ _ijtThe simpler formula of value is as follows:

γ _ijt＝C _ijt×(CRTP _ij-CRTN _ij)+D _ijt×(RCTP _ij-RCTN _ij)；

Wherein: (1) C _ijtAnd D _ijtBe the coefficient relevant with the geographical conditions in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone and other factors.In several sample prescriptions that arrange, the order of severity γ of the relevant actual generation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation of investigation _ijt, then come Coefficient of determination C by the method that returns _ijtAnd D _ijt

(2) γ _ijtValue is larger illustrates that yield loss crop rotation is more serious, γ _ijtThe requirement that polynary several periods of crop-rotation of=0 explanation crops i and crops j meet minimum polynary several periods of crop-rotation causes the crop rotation production loss to ignore, and γ _ijt＜0 o'clock | γ _ijt| illustrate that yield loss crop rotation more is not easy to occur, this seasonal γ greatlyr _ijt=0.

(3) minimum polynary several periods of crop-rotation refer to that economy and the ecological benefits that can bring into play to greatest extent crops i and crops j crop rotation can prevent again polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the necessary minimum of yield loss crop rotation simultaneously, by scientific experimentation, mensuration, or determine according to the experience of long-term accumulation.

(4)1≤CRTP _ij＜∞，1≤CRTN _ij＜∞，1≤RCTP _ij＜∞，1≤RCTN _ij＜∞。

(5) CRTP _ijBe the actual period of crop-rotation of crops i and crops j, RCTP _ijBe the actual period of crop-rotation of crops j and crops i, CRTN _ijBe the necessary period of crop-rotation of the minimum of crops i and crops j, RCTN _ijFor the minimum of crops j and crops i must the period of crop-rotation.

According to actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the crops i that estimates, estimate the crop rotation production loss γ of the crops t that is caused by diseases and insect pests of crop rotation and other factors _ijt

Owing to estimating that actual crops are during polynary several period of crop-rotation, obtained the size to the polynary several relevant areas of the period of crop-rotation of different crops, therefore utilize above-mentioned formula just to estimate in All Ranges, caused the total amount of farming rotation of crops production loss by diseases and insect pests of crop rotation.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Northern Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province is the large city of famous agricultural, the whole nation, go to river in being positioned at agriculture district, 2393 square kilometres of the total areas, population 1,550,000 is had jurisdiction over 45 small towns, the existing arable land 130,000 hectares, water surface area is 1/4th of whole city's total area, be national commodity food and high quality cotton base, produce 1100000 tons, grain, 40,000 tons, cotton per year, with the crops of paddy rice, the cotton growth same period, corn, soybean, sweet potato, vegetables etc. are arranged.Survey region is mainly cotton and paddy rice crop rotation, in addition cotton also with other crop rotation, but be not the main flow rotation system.

The satellite image that research is adopted is that 11937 No. 7, land satellite image and orbit number are 11937 No. 5, land satellite image, has covered above-mentioned survey region, and each pixel of image or grid are of a size of 30 meters * 30 meters.In survey region, cotton and cotton rice crop rotation is observed when best is that July is to August mutually to rice.Therefore, the date of the four-period TM remote sensing image that we select is July 26 calendar year 2001, on July 29th, 2002, on July 24th, 2003, on July 26th, 2004, and the quality of image meets the decipher requirement.

According to above-mentioned cotton rice period of crop-rotation formula

To the data analysis that the remote sensing image decipher obtains, result is as shown in table 1.

Table 1 northern Suzhou city calendar year 2001 to the 2004 year horizontal remote sensing investigation of cotton rice crop rotation (square measure: hectare, cycle unit: year)

According to table 1, it is larger that calendar year 2001 to 2004 year is planted cotton area fluctuation, and for example, from calendar year 2001 to 2002 year, area descends 21.62%; From 2002 to 2003, area rose 6.55%; And from 2003 to 2004, area continued to rise 8.05%.The same period, each small towns to plant the fluctuation of cotton area also very large, the small towns of area change, calendar year 2001 to 2002 year is 10; 2002 to 2003 is 20; 2003 to 2004 is 25.The number of cotton area change is planted in the small towns, has reflected that basically the northern Suzhou city plants the general trend of cotton area increase and decrease.From the characteristics of cycle variation pattern, the cotton rice period of crop-rotation of calculating according to the data of calendar year 2001 to 2002 year is 2.01 years; Calculating the cotton rice period of crop-rotation according to the data of 2002 to 2003 is 3.42; The cotton rice period of crop-rotation of calculating according to the data of 2003 to 2004 is 3.01; Differ greatly, but basically reflected since the calendar year 2001, particularly calendar year 2001, the impact on cotton rice crop rotation is adjusted in each small towns plant husbandry of northern Suzhou city.In general, by the average period that the arithmetic mean of three cycle datas of cotton rice period of crop-rotation monitoring was obtained in continuous 4 years be 2.81, only differ 12.40% with the saying of the scientist Xu Guangqi of China Ming Dynasty 2 to 3 years (on average being about 2.5 years), more approaching.

Period of crop-rotation formula cotton according to above-mentioned rice

To the data analysis that the remote sensing image decipher obtains, result is as shown in table 2.

The horizontal remote sensing investigation table of the table 2 northern Suzhou city cotton crop rotation of calendar year 2001 to 2004 year rice (square measure: hectare, cycle unit: year)

According to table 2, the cotton crop rotation of rice average period is 2.89, very approaching 2.81 average periods with cotton rice crop rotation, both only differ 2.85%, the crop rotation area of explanation from the cotton to the paddy rice is basic identical with the crop rotation area from the paddy rice to the cotton, and this phenomenon meets the basic law of crop rotation, and also meeting above-mentioned is to have periodically and the hypothesis of the stochastic process of stationarity about the crop rotation process, and illustrate that crop rotation estimation equation of the present invention is reasonably, the precision of remote Sensing Interpretation has reached the requirement of test.

In sum, polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the single order of cotton and paddy rice are calculated as follows:

Because: (x ₁, y ₁, y ₁-x ₁)

Wherein:

So: (x ₁, y ₁, y ₁-x ₁)=(2.81,2.89,2.89-2.81)=(2.81,2.89,0.08)

The polynary several periods of crop-rotation that are northern Suzhou city cotton and paddy rice are: (2.81,2.89,0.08).

On the basis of table 1 and table 2, the polynary several periods of crop-rotation that can calculate each small towns, northern Suzhou city are as shown in table 3.

The remote sensing appraising of cotton polynary several periods of crop-rotation of rice of table 3 northern Suzhou city

Due in the calculating of the cotton rice period of crop-rotation and the cotton period of crop-rotation of rice, adopted different decipher areas, the former is the area of kind paddy rice next year that grows cotton then, and the latter is the area that last year, the kind paddy rice grew cotton then.If with cotton, the paddy rice wheel is finished needed time y ₁Obviously greater than with paddy rice, the cotton wheel being finished needed time x ₁So this just to replant after cotton the time of continuous cropping than paddy rice longer the continuous cropping time of explanation after cotton replants paddy rice, the action of soaking that therefore can more take full advantage of paddy rice kills plants disease and pest remaining in cotton soil, to reach better Crop rotation, therefore for the comparisons of two polynary several periods of crop-rotation, at x ₁In identical situation, more to consider difference function value y ₁-x ₁Size, namely to y ₁Value compares, y ₁The effect that is worth larger crop rotation is namely better, according to this conclusion, can carry out more deep analysis by his-and-hers watches 3, and can draw how useful result.

Embodiment 2

The remote sensing appraising of cotton rice crop rotation output of cotton loss.

The remote sensing appraising of the cotton rice crop rotation in table 4 northern Suzhou city output of cotton loss

According to the remote sensing estimation method of yield loss crop rotation, as shown in table 4 to the result of the remote sensing appraising of the cotton rice crop rotation output of cotton loss in small towns, northern Suzhou city, wherein: γ _ijtBe the percentage of crop rotation production loss, coefficient C _ijt=4.67, D _ijt=-1.47.Attention: in this table, suppose that being not more than minimum in polynary several periods of crop-rotation must can not produce the crop rotation production loss during polynary several period of crop-rotation, according to γ _ijtAll can estimate the occurrence of this small towns crop rotation production loss with the actual output of the area in cotton field, small towns and per unit area yield or cotton.

Claims (7)

1. the remote sensing estimation method of the polynary several period of crop-rotation production losses of crops, the object of estimation in the remote sensing image overlay area all due to the crop yield loss that lacks normal crop rotation and cause, the decipher result that spatially changes with the crops in remote sensing image is as the data of estimation polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops, estimate actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops by the formula of setting up, actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation with crops compared with minimum necessary polynary several periods of crop-rotation again, estimate the inappropriate crop yield loss that causes due to polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops,

The decipher result that spatially changes with the crops in remote sensing image is as the data of estimation polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops, estimate that by the formula of setting up actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops refer to followingly represent that with the C crops cotton and R crops represent that the described mathematical formulae of paddy rice crop rotation, derivation, result of calculation and application process are applicable to the period of crop-rotation of all crops and the estimation of spatial variations

After the interpret data of M the small towns N continuous year remote sensing satellite image that has obtained C crops and R crop rotation zone, calculate C crops and R crop rotation cycle with following formula so,

Wherein M is the small towns sum; NRA _ijBe that j small towns is in the area of i kind C crops, at the area of i+1 kind R crops; CCA _ijBe j small towns at the area of i kind C crops,

After the interpret data of M the small towns N continuous year remote sensing satellite image that has obtained R crops and C crop rotation zone, calculate R crops and C crop rotation cycle with following formula so,

Wherein M is the small towns sum; NCA _ijBe that j small towns is in the area of i-1 kind R crops, at the area of i kind C crops; CCA _ijBe j small towns at the area of i kind C crops,

Claim

With

Be the statistics period of crop-rotation of crops, referred to as the statistics period of crop-rotation of crops, therefore, in the remote sensing image coverage, the statistics period of crop-rotation of the wheel effect of crops x and y between them describes, crops x is different from the period of crop-rotation of crops y and the period of crop-rotation of crops y and crops x, this physical meaning in the crops statistics asymmetry between the period of crop-rotation and the asymmetry of crop rotation between the cycle is identical, therefore, the period of crop-rotation between crops x and y describes with the polynary number in following m rank:

(x ₁，…，x _m，y ₁，…，y _m，f ₁(x ₁，…，x _m，y ₁，…，y _m)，…，f _p(x ₁，…，x _m，y ₁，…，y _m))

Wherein: x _i(i=1 ..., m) be the crops x that tries to achieve with m kind diverse ways and the period of crop-rotation of crops y; y _i(i=1 ..., m) be the crops y that tries to achieve with m kind diverse ways and the period of crop-rotation of crops x; f _j(x ₁..., x _m, y ₁..., y _m) (j=1 ..., p) for p kind diverse ways required be reflected in period of crop-rotation x _iAnd y _i(i=1 ..., the difference function between m) therefore is divided three classes the unit in polynary several periods of crop-rotation, and the first kind is relevant with the crop rotation of crops x and y, and Equations of The Second Kind is relevant with the crop rotation of crops y and x, and the 3rd class is relevant with Equations of The Second Kind unit with the first kind,

The given period of crop-rotation of trying to achieve between crops x and y with the cotton period of crop-rotation of rice and cotton rice period of crop-rotation formula is respectively x ₁And y ₁, x is described ₁And y ₁Between the cycle differentiation function be f ₁(x ₁, y ₁)=y ₁-x ₁, polynary several periods of crop-rotation of single order of describing crops x and y crop rotation are (x ₁, y ₁, y ₁-x ₁), by comparing with the period of crop-rotation between y with crops x that the single numerical value of traditional use is described, polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops provide more comprehensively information, for the polynary several period of crop-rotation (x of single order ₁, y ₁, y ₁-x ₁): y ₁-x ₁＞0, illustrate that crop rotation makes the income of crops x larger than the income of crops y, this is because of the crop rotation for crops x and y, crop rotation is to make crops x have higher ecology and economic benefit, crops x and the length of the y period of crop-rotation have close relationship with ecological and economic benefit so, and the period of crop-rotation of crops x and y is shorter and period of crop-rotation crops y and x is long, and is more favourable to crops x, namely for the comparisons of two polynary several periods of crop-rotation, at x ₁In identical situation, more to consider difference function value y ₁-x ₁Size, namely to y ₁Value compares, y ₁The effect that is worth larger crop rotation is better,

The polynary several period of crop-rotation estimation equations of single order that crops are described with cotton and paddy rice crop rotation are as follows, but this formula is applicable to all crops, the estimation of polynary several periods of crop-rotation of single order is key character, analysis for m polynary several periods of crop-rotation of rank of crops is identical, polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the single order of crops x and y crop rotation:

(x ₁，y ₁，y ₁-x ₁)；

Wherein:

Actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation with crops compared with minimum necessary polynary several periods of crop-rotation again, estimate that the inappropriate crop yield loss that causes due to polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops refers to that following mathematical formulae, derivation, result of calculation and application process are applicable to the remote sensing appraising to all yield loss crop rotations

Crops i and crops j carry out crop rotation, be used for to improve ecology and economic benefit that crops produce, and be relevant with polynary several periods of crop-rotation of these crops and use the percentage exponent gamma due to the crop rotation production loss of not crop rotation or the oversize crops t that causes of the period of crop-rotation _ijtBe expressed as:

γ _ijt＝f(x _a，x _b，x _c)；

Wherein: t is i or j; f(x _a, x _b, x _c) for asking γ _ijtThe function of value; Variable x _aBe actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops i; x _a=(x ₁₁, y ₁₁, y ₁₁-x ₁₁); Variable x _bFor the minimum of crops i must polynary several periods of crop-rotation: x _b=(x ₁₂, y ₁₂, y ₁₂-x ₁₂); Variable x _cBe the amount relevant with the geographical conditions in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone,

f(x _a, x _b, x _c) be Multiple Linear Regression Function, ask γ _ijtHave during value:

γ _ijt＝f(x _a，x _b，x _c)＝a ₁₁x ₁₁+b ₁₁y ₁₁+c ₁₁(y ₁₁-x ₁₁)+a ₁₂x ₁₂+b ₁₂y ₁₂+c ₁₂(y ₁₂-x ₁₂)；

Wherein: regression coefficient a ₁₁..., c ₁₂Relevant with the geographical conditions factor in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone, by the crop rotation zone at crops i, difference according to polynary several periods of crop-rotation of reality, several sample prescriptions are set, then measure the percentage γ of actual crop rotation production loss in each sample prescription _ijt, and according to corresponding x ₁₁..., (y ₁₂-x ₁₂) value, with the method Coefficient of determination a that returns ₁₁..., c ₁₂Value,

By the processing of multiple regression equation to the real data in sample prescription, regression variable x ₁₁, y ₁₁, x ₁₂, y ₁₂Use respectively CRTP _ij, RCTP _ij, CRTN _ij, RCTN _ijReplace, and make x _a=(CRTP _ij, RCTP _ij, RCTP _ij-CRTP _ij), x _b=(CRTN _ij, RCTN _ij, RCTN _ij-CRTN _ij), regression coefficient a ₁₁..., c ₁₂Use coefficient C _ijkAnd D _ijkReplace, obtain asking γ _ijtThe simpler formula of value is as follows:

γ _ijt＝C _ijt×(CRTP _ij-CRTN _ij)+D _ijt×(RCTP _ij-RCTN _ij)；

Wherein: (1) C _ijtAnd D _ijtFor the coefficient relevant with the geographical conditions factor in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone, in several sample prescriptions that arrange, the order of severity γ of the relevant actual generation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation of investigation _ijt, then come Coefficient of determination C by the method that returns _ijtAnd D _ijt,

(2) γ _ijtValue is larger illustrates that yield loss crop rotation is more serious, γ _ijtThe requirement that polynary several periods of crop-rotation of=0 explanation crops i and crops j meet minimum polynary several periods of crop-rotation causes the crop rotation production loss to ignore, and γ _ijt＜0 o'clock | γ _ijt| illustrate that yield loss crop rotation more is not easy to occur, this seasonal γ greatlyr _ijt=0,

(3) minimum polynary several periods of crop-rotation refer to that economy and the ecological benefits that can bring into play to greatest extent crops i and crops j crop rotation can prevent again polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the necessary minimum of yield loss crop rotation simultaneously, by scientific experimentation, mensuration, or determine according to the experience of long-term accumulation

(4)1≤CRTP _ij＜∞，1≤CRTN _ij＜∞，1≤RCTP _ij＜∞，1≤RCTN _ij＜∞，

(5) CRTP _ijBe the actual period of crop-rotation of crops i and crops j, RCTP _ijBe the actual period of crop-rotation of crops j and crops i, CRTN _ijBe the necessary period of crop-rotation of the minimum of crops i and crops j, RCTN _ijBe the necessary period of crop-rotation of the minimum of crops j and crops i,

According to actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of the crops i that estimates, estimate the crop rotation production loss γ of the crops t that is caused by diseases and insect pests of crop rotation _ijt,

Owing to estimating that actual crops are during polynary several period of crop-rotation, obtained the size to the polynary several relevant areas of the period of crop-rotation of different crops, so can estimate in All Ranges, be caused the total amount of farming rotation of crops production loss by diseases and insect pests of crop rotation.

2. in the step of the remote sensing estimation method of the polynary several period of crop-rotation production losses of a kind of crops according to claim 1, the object of estimation is for all refer on same plot owing to lacking the crop yield loss that normal crop rotation causes in the remote sensing image overlay area, a kind of proportion of crop planting is after the regular hour, plant again the another kind of crops regular hour, and the process that replaces down is called crop rotation always, the time that spends is called from a kind of crops to the another kind of farming rotation of crops time, also referred to as the period of crop-rotation, on this basis, because actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops in the remote sensing image overlay area are longer than minimum necessary polynary several periods of crop-rotation, so produced the crop yield loss relevant with crop rotation, compare with polynary several periods of crop-rotation that minimum is necessary, estimate the production loss of these crops.

3. in the step of the remote sensing estimation method of the polynary several period of crop-rotation production losses of a kind of crops according to claim 1, the decipher result that spatially changes with the crops in remote sensing image is as the data of estimation polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops, estimates that by the formula of setting up each width image that actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops refer to choose for the remote sensing image for many years of decipher is continuous with another width image at least on the time.

4. in the step of the remote sensing estimation method of the polynary several period of crop-rotation production losses of a kind of crops according to claim 1, the decipher result that spatially changes with the crops in remote sensing image is as the data of estimation polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops, estimate that by the formula of setting up actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops refer to the remote sensing image area interpret data of more adjacent 2 years, determine the previous year by the area of crop rotation crops and on identical plot the previous year replanted or take turns as the areas of another kind of crops and the period of crop-rotation of calculating at next year by the crop rotation crops.

5. in the step of the remote sensing estimation method of the polynary several period of crop-rotation production losses of a kind of crops according to claim 1, the decipher result that spatially changes with the crops in remote sensing image is as the data of estimation polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops, estimate that by the formula of setting up actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops refer to that crop rotation describes with stationary stochastic process, have periodicity and use numeric representation, the periodicity here is that all that calculate statistically participate in a kind of crops of crop rotations by needed year umber of another kind of crops shifting cultivation.

6. in the step of the remote sensing estimation method of the polynary several period of crop-rotation production losses of a kind of crops according to claim 1, the decipher result that spatially changes with the crops in remote sensing image is as the data of estimation polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops, estimate that by the formula of setting up the first crops that actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops refer to participate in crop rotation and the second crops are two kinds of different crops, the first crops and the second crop rotation and the second crops and the first crop rotation are two different concepts, their period of crop-rotation is different, crop succession is not added differentiation, the first the second crop rotation cycle refers to the first crops and the second crop rotation cycle and the second crops and the arithmetic mean in the first crop rotation cycle.

7. in the step of the remote sensing estimation method of the polynary several period of crop-rotation production losses of a kind of crops according to claim 1, the decipher result that spatially changes with the crops in remote sensing image is as the data of estimation polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops, estimate that by the formula of setting up actual polynary several periods of crop-rotation of crops refer to respect to the remote sensing image overlay area, remote sensing image is divided into the crop rotation week after date that these smaller areas territory is calculated in smaller area territory that nature township or village meet the independent sample requirement, calculate again the crop rotation cycle of remote sensing image overlay area, the independent sample number in the crop rotation cycle of remote sensing image overlay area will increase be calculated, the requirement of minimizing to different year remote sensing image quantity, and the precision in raising estimation crop rotation cycle.