CN1580764A - Method for monitoring insects plague of growth period based on large-scale explosive harmful insects for agriculture - Google Patents
Method for monitoring insects plague of growth period based on large-scale explosive harmful insects for agriculture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for monitoring plague of insects based on growth period of large-scale explosive agricultural destructive insects. Said method includes the following steps: 1. utilizing detection to at least obtain one environment parameter of geographic area which is closely related to growth period of the described agricultural destructive insects; 2. according to the environment parameter obtained by means of the above-mentioned detection judging growth condition of the described agricultural destructive insects of at least one geographic area; and 3. according to judgement result giving out alarm to the geographic area where the blague of insects can be exploded. Said invention also can be used for monitoring and controlling disease and pests of forest.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to plague of insects Detection Techniques, particularly a kind of plague of insects monitoring method that farming does harm to the breeding cycle of insect based on large-scale outbreak.
Background technology
The plague of insects is global disaster.With the locust is example, and its destructiveness to crops is particularly outstanding.In recent years, China's plague of locusts is frequently outburst in large area, and each outburst all can cause the impaired of thousands of mu crops.In some plague of locusts serious area, even the situation that crop grain does not have receipts can appear.
At present, the method that has existed utilization such as satellite remote sensing technology that the plague of locusts is monitored both at home and abroad.But the problem of these existing methods is that they all are just to utilize monitoring and evaluation is carried out in the disaster area and the extent of damage after plague of locusts outburst is caused disaster.Therefore, such monitoring method is difficult to realize effective early warning, prediction and the mitigation to the plague of locusts.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention proposes at the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, its purpose be to provide a kind of can before farming evil insect is broken out the extensive plague of insects, make early warning and for plague of insects outburst before farming is done harm to insect the method that the work of going out provides effective guidance that subtracts.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of plague of insects monitoring method of the breeding cycle based on large-scale outbreak farming evil insect, this method may further comprise the steps: 1) obtain closely-related environmental parameter at least one geographic area and the breeding cycle described farming evil insect by detection; 2) environmental parameter that obtains according to described detection is judged the growing state of the described farming evil insect of described at least one geographic area; And 3), give the alarm to the geographic area that may break out the plague of insects according to judged result.
In the method for the invention, described step 1) further comprises the step of surveying different environmental parameters according to each different bearing cycle of described farming evil insect.In this case, described step 2) comprise that also the relevant environmental parameter of each breeding cycle with farming evil insect that described detection is obtained is suitable for the step that the environmental parameter of general growth rhythm that described farming does harm to each breeding cycle of insect compares respectively with predetermined.
The result of detection of the described environmental parameter in the described step 1) obtains one of at least in the following manner: a) directly measure by ground; And b) by utilizing satellite remote sensing detection, inverting and calculating.
Described farming evil insect preferably includes Asiatic migrotory locust, Asia migratory locusts, Tibet migratory locusts, meadow locust and pine moth.
In an embodiment of the present invention, described step 1) comprises: in the incubation period of described farming evil insect, the environmental parameter of being surveyed is a holard heat condition parameter, and described holard heat condition parameter comprises surface temperature and surface humidity at least; In the puberty of described farming evil insect, the environmental parameter of being surveyed comprises surface temperature and vegetation coverage at least; And in the adult stage of described farming evil insect, the environmental parameter of being surveyed comprises vegetation coverage and water body situation at least.In this case, described step 3) can further comprise: when the environmental parameter of described at least one geographic area of detecting conforms to the predetermined environmental parameter that is suitable for the general growth rhythm of described farming evil insect, then send plague of insects alarm to this geographic area.
In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, described step 3) also can may further comprise the steps: by utilizing environmental parameter and predetermined should stage described farming evil insect adapt circumstance parameter the comparing of detecting in the adult stage of described farming evil insect, with gathering and the migration rule figure that determines described farming evil insect, and determine gathering ground and the scope that described farming does harm to insect thus, thereby instruct improvement to the plague of insects.
The present invention by to measure such as relevant environmental parameter of the different bearing cycle of the farming of Asiatic migrotory locust evil insect, and itself and environmental parameter that is suitable for its different bearing cycle of setting up in advance compared and judge, thereby can before plague of insects outburst, make early warning effectively and provide effective guidance for the work of going out that subtracts to insect before the plague of insects outburst.In addition, method of the present invention also can be applied to the monitoring and the improvement of forest disease and pest.
Brief description of drawings
By the detailed description of the specific embodiment of the invention being carried out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage will become clearer.In following accompanying drawing:
The temperature isoline of Fig. 1-Fig. 3 shows the distribution range of Asiatic migrotory locust, has disclosed the dependence of Asiatic migrotory locust to temperature conditions;
Fig. 4 for obtain by field survey 27 days April in 2002 to June 16 the part fate Tianjin Beijing University port reservoir surface temperature time series change curve;
Fig. 5 for obtain by field survey 27 days April in 2002 to June 16 the part fate the time series change curve of Tianjin Beijing University port reservoir surface soil humidity;
Fig. 6 for obtain by field survey 27 days April in 2002 to June 16 the part fate the time series change curve of vegetation coverage of Tianjin Beijing University port reservoir;
Fig. 7 shows the correlativity curve that utilizes between the surface temperature that surface temperature that the satellite remote sensing inverting records and field survey obtain;
Fig. 8 shows the correlativity curve that utilizes between the surface humidity that surface humidity that the satellite remote sensing inverting records and field survey obtain;
Fig. 9 shows the correlativity curve that utilizes between the vegetation coverage that vegetation coverage that the satellite remote sensing inverting records and field survey obtain;
Figure 10 is the integrated figure of monitoring of the three phases of Asiatic migrotory locust breeding cycle.
Embodiment
Below will be example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention will be elaborated with locust (Asiatic migrotory locust of more specifically saying so).
Asiatic migrotory locust is to be the omnivorous insect of main food with green plants, and the biophysics condition that the last process that forms the plague of locusts of ovum hatching, growth adult and breeding of migratory locusts is grown with it has confidential relation.The present invention as point of penetration, and by repeatedly field trial, thereby has set up a plurality of characteristic parameters of biophysics in the habitat of locust incubation period, puberty, adult stage three phases with the animalism of Asiatic migrotory locust.By making comparison, just can make judgement, and then can before the plague of locusts takes place, make early warning so that take appropriate measures early to the situation of growing of Asiatic migrotory locust by described parameter and with the actual growth and development process of itself and Asiatic migrotory locust.
Foundation to a plurality of biophysics characteristic parameters of locust incubation period, puberty, adult stage three phases describes at first with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. the habitat physics biological characteristic parameter relevant with the Asiatic migrotory locust incubation period
The hydrothermal condition of the incubation period of Asiatic migrotory locust to environment requires than higher, and wherein surface temperature and humidity are to influence Asiatic migrotory locust to hatch most important environmental element.Drought and waterlogging or alternation of wetting and drying are the important climate characteristics of Asiatic migrotory locust generating region.The threshold of development of Asiatic migrotory locust is 15 ℃, and the threshold of development of the nymph of a locust is 18 ℃, and whole growing requires the fate more than 25 ℃ to be no less than 30 days, winter 5～10cm soil temperature below-15 ℃ the time, locust egg is difficult to survive the winter.According to observations, daily mean temperature is surpassing the area above 5 days below 20 days or-15 ℃ below-10 ℃, and the ovum of Asiatic migrotory locust can not safe overwintering.Therefore, according to above-mentioned low temperature etc. day line can determine the distribution arctogaean realm of Asiatic migrotory locust, the area with the square frame representative among Fig. 1-3 is the distributive province of Asiatic migrotory locust.
In addition, because soil is the place that Asiatic migrotory locust lays eggs.Therefore, Asiatic migrotory locust all has stronger selection to the elasticity of physics and chemistry, water cut, salt content and the table soil of soil.Generally, the soil in the breeding place alkaline land of normally slightly hardening especially, Asiatic migrotory locust distributive province.Investigation shows that Asiatic migrotory locust also has stronger selectivity to the water cut of soil, general sandy soil water cut 8%～12%, the loam water cut 15%～18%, suitable migratory locusts laid eggs and survive the clay water cut at 19%～22% o'clock.Therefore, the water cut of soil also is the important restraining factors that Asiatic migrotory locust distributes.
Comprehensive foregoing because locust egg and the holard heat condition of Asiatic migrotory locust have close getting in touch, therefore, by the present inventor by a large amount of field trial, thereby set up the biophysics condition model of Asiatic migrotory locust incubation period.Specifically, the present invention has set up a kind of like this model for the monitoring of Asiatic migrotory locust incubation period, that is, the Asiatic migrotory locust of at the beginning of 45 months the end of month, being unearthed successively, the critical surface temperature in its habitat is between 20-42, and soil moisture is between 18-22%.
2. the biophysics characteristic parameter in the habitat relevant with the Asiatic migrotory locust puberty
After the Asiatic migrotory locust hatching was unearthed, it had getting in touch of surviving and rely on the procreation enviroment of periphery.In this stage, the environmental parameter relevant with Asiatic migrotory locust mainly comprises temperature and vegetation coverage.
According to the observation, in the puberty of Asiatic migrotory locust (that is, the nymph of a locust phase), in 35 ℃ of constant temperature, nymph of a locust accumulated temperature needs 356.48 day degrees, and in 28～34 ℃ of alternating temperatures, nymph of a locust accumulated temperature is 304～372 day degrees.In 25 ℃ of constant temperature, the growth fate of the nymph of a locust is 41.2 days; Be 20.12 days in 35 ℃.
In addition, vegetation coverage is also influential to the growth of Asiatic migrotory locust, and according to observations, the vegetation coverage in locust district is generally below 75%, and optimum vegetation coverage is 15%～50%; Coverage surpasses seldom has locust to distribute more than 80%.Different Asiatic migrotory locusts multiply the district, and its vegetational type's structure has bigger difference, and as 102 kinds of Tianjin locust district growing plants, but Asiatic migrotory locust is liked the plant of food based on reed, secondly barnyard grass grass, green bristlegrass, Herba Aeluropi sinensis, hispid arthraxon etc.Dissimilar locust districts, floristics is different with vegetation coverage, and coastal locust district is because of the salt content height, and the growing plant kind is few, saline alkali tolerant plants such as the yellow palpus of many growths, Sheng Liu, wormwood artemisia class.The place growth reed of water is arranged, and the vegetation coverage in most of coastal locust district is 15%～75%.Containing saline and alkaline high soil compaction should not lay eggs by locust.Hu Ku (shallow lake) locust district and river general locust district floristics is more, and especially locust is liked the grassy weed of food, and vegetation coverage is up to 25%～100%.Road, dike low bank between fields vegetation coverage are less relatively, and soft low-lying land vegetation coverage pacifically is big.In addition, Asiatic migrotory locust likes selecting vegetation coverage to lay eggs in the place below 50%.Solely flow the investigation of distributary floodway according to the Beijing University port, under the moderate situation of soil moisture, vegetation coverage 75% following locust district, the locust egg amount is 2～5 times of coverage 75% above locust district ovum amount.Therefore, the egg laying amount of road both sides and dike low bank between fields is higher than low-lying land ovum amount 9 pacifically.
Comprehensive foregoing, because puberty of Asiatic migrotory locust and the temperature in its developing environment and vegetation coverage have close getting in touch, therefore, by the present inventor by a large amount of field trial, thereby set up the budding biophysics condition of Asiatic migrotory locust model.Specifically, the present invention has set up a kind of like this model for the budding monitoring of Asiatic migrotory locust, promptly, for the Asiatic migrotory locust that is in puberty (nymph of a locust phase) in May-June, its suitable temperature more than 18 ℃ and the duration more than 30 days, its suitable vegetation coverage is between 15-50%.
3. the biophysics characteristic parameter in the habitat relevant with the Asiatic migrotory locust adult stage
In the adult stage of Asiatic migrotory locust, the growth of locust water body situation and vegetation coverage main and environment have close ties.In this stage, the inventor proves by site observation, the area (for example reed ground) that the gathering of Asiatic migrotory locust adult ground and migration path generally are road, water body periphery, vegetation coverage is suitable and saline and alkaline degree is low, and this area need guarantee its grow required dew, food and temperature.Therefore, by experiment, the inventor has set up a kind of like this model for the monitoring in Asiatic migrotory locust adult stage, promptly, for the Asiatic migrotory locust that is in the adult stage in June, its suitable vegetation coverage is (the gray area value is that 91-103 is plague of locusts district in the classified image, referring to Figure 10) below 80%, and its living environment is near water body or ditch.
More than to having made explanation with the closely-related a plurality of physics biological characteristic parameter of 3 breeding cycles of Asiatic migrotory locust.To make judgement before the plague of locusts takes place, to make early warning and forecast method describes to the situation of growing of Asiatic migrotory locust to utilizing above-mentioned model below.
Embodiment 1: utilize ground survey that the generation evolution of the plague of locusts is predicted
Fig. 4 is the Tianjin Beijing University port reservoir surface temperature time series change curve of part fate on April 27th, 2002 to June 16.Fig. 5 is the time series change curve of Tianjin Beijing University port reservoir surface soil humidity of part fate on April 27th, 2002 to June 16.These figure are that tracking measurement obtains the inventor by carrying out on the spot to this area.As can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5, in this stage, the surface temperature of this area roughly changes between 295K (21.84 ℃)～315K (41.84 ℃), and its surface soil humidity roughly changes between 5%～30%.Owing to compare with the physics biological characteristic parameter model of above-mentioned Asiatic migrotory locust incubation period, this area meets temperature conditions and the soil moisture condition that the Asiatic migrotory locust incubation period is suited substantially.Therefore, can obtain such conclusion according to comparative result, that is, the locust of this area hatching situation is better, needs the generation of the vigilant plague of locusts.
Fig. 6 is the time series change curve of vegetation coverage of Tianjin Beijing University port reservoir of part fate on April 27th, 2002 to June 16.This figure also is that tracking measurement obtains the inventor by carrying out on the spot to this area.In conjunction with above-mentioned Fig. 4 and Fig. 6 as can be seen, in this stage, the temperature conditions of this area and vegetation coverage situation are consistent with the physics biological characteristic parameter model of Asiatic migrotory locust puberty (nymph of a locust phase) substantially.Therefore, according to comparative result, can obtain such conclusion, that is, the environment of this area is suitable for the budding growth of locust.Can make further assessment to the growing state of locust this moment in conjunction with the situation of locust incubation period, and take corresponding precautionary measures according to assessment result.
In addition, it should be noted that 12 curves among Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 have represented the measurement result that is obtained respectively under the situation of difference sampling sample prescription number.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that the number of sampling sample prescription is many more, and the representativeness of measurement result is just strong more, and the order of accuarcy of measurement is also just high more.
For the adult stage of Asiatic migrotory locust, because it is relevant with vegetation coverage and water condition.Therefore, according to above-mentioned model, can be by seeking vegetation coverage on the ground in below the 80% and area in close water body or ditch, thereby the relevant border condition of dwelling by monitoring Asiatic migrotory locust adult changes finding the migration rule of locust, and then scene of definite locust and occurrence scope.
Analyze by triphasic monitoring result that Asiatic migrotory locust is grown, just can making prediction to the plague of locusts.For example, be example still, by above-mentioned analysis with Tianjin Beijing University port Reservoir Area, can find that the environment of this area all is very suitable for its growth at three growth phases of Asiatic migrotory locust, therefore can obtain such conclusion, that is, the possibility of this area's outburst plague of locusts is very big.Passed through the checking of actual conditions afterwards, the large-scale plague of locusts has been broken out really in this area.
In addition, in foregoing, the Asiatic migrotory locust outburst plague of locusts is predicted the method that can adopt a kind of analysis-by-synthesis, for example: can set up a classification plague of locusts early warning system, when drawing its hatching situation in the incubation period Asiatic migrotory locust preferably under the situation, can make this grading forewarning system system send elementary plague of locusts alarm.And then, when drawing its development condition in the puberty preferably under the situation, can make described grading forewarning system system send intermediate plague of locusts alarm Asiatic migrotory locust.Corresponding precautionary measures can be taked in monitored area after receiving elementary and/or intermediate plague of locusts alarm, in advance locust is prevented and/or kills work.In addition, in the adult stage of locust, according to migration of above-mentioned locust and the environmental characteristic model assembled, and in conjunction with the monitoring result in two stage, this early warning system can be sent five-star plague of locusts alarm to corresponding area, so that this area takes corresponding measure at once.Like this, just can avoid the large-scale outbreak of the plague of locusts.
Embodiment 2: utilize satellite telemetry that the generation evolution of the plague of locusts is predicted
Though can make estimation to the growing state in each stage of Asiatic migrotory locust by field survey, and then the possibility that the plague of locusts takes place is made assessment.But its problem is, because ground survey can only adopt the mode of local sampling to carry out, so will be subjected to the taking a sample influence of sample prescription number of the representativeness of measurement result.In addition, though the number of sampling sample prescription is many more, the reliability of measurement result is just high more.But concerning ground survey, because the financial cost aspect, the number of sampling sample prescription also can not be too many.Therefore, in order to increase measurement range and to improve measuring reliability, the inventor has also proposed to utilize the satellite remote sensing technology to realize plague of locusts forecast method.
Satellite remote sensing technology can be used for the ground all types of target parameter of remote sensing survey, because its existing known technology, so no longer it is elaborated.Specifically in the application of the prediction plague of locusts, at the above-mentioned and closely-related biophysics environmental parameter of each breeding cycle of Asiatic migrotory locust, can be according to each breeding cycle of Asiatic migrotory locust and the remote sensing survey of satellite is set under the different mode of operations, that is, set different remote sensing survey objects.
Fig. 7 shows the correlativity curve that utilizes between the surface temperature that surface temperature that the satellite remote sensing inverting records and field survey obtain.Fig. 8 shows the correlativity curve that utilizes between the surface humidity that surface humidity that the satellite remote sensing inverting records and field survey obtain.Fig. 9 shows the correlativity curve that utilizes between the vegetation coverage that vegetation coverage that MODIS satellite remote sensing inverting records and ETM measure, and this figure is used to show different spaces yardstick remote sensing survey result's consistance.
From Fig. 7-Fig. 9 as can be seen: from the surface temperature of remote-sensing inversion and the variation tendency of two curves of observed temperature, the two variation tendency is consistent haply, presents positively related relation, and related coefficient is 0.68; From the surface humidity and the variation tendency of surveying two curves of surface humidity of remote-sensing inversion, the two presents positively related relation, and its related coefficient is 0.54; From the variation tendency of two curves of vegetation coverage of MODIS and ETM remote-sensing inversion, the two also presents positively related relation, and its related coefficient is 0.91.
Therefore, utilize satellite remote sensing technology, except can obtaining the result close, can also carry out remote sensing monitoring, and can realize than the better effect of ground monitoring to the large tracts of land scope with ground survey.
Similar with ground survey, utilizing after satellite remote sensing obtains the data relevant with each breeding cycle of Asiatic migrotory locust, compare by the biophysical parameters model that utilizes remote sensing survey result and above-mentioned each breeding cycle of Asiatic migrotory locust, can make assessment to the growing state of each breeding cycle of Asiatic migrotory locust equally.Because its concrete grammar is identical with the method for carrying out plague of locusts assessment by ground survey, so repeat no more.
Figure 10 is the integrated figure of monitoring of the three phases of Asiatic migrotory locust breeding cycle.As shown in figure 10: as, mainly its temperature conditions and damp condition to be monitored in the hatching stage of Asiatic migrotory locust according to the inventive method; In the stage of development of Asiatic migrotory locust, mainly its temperature conditions and vegetation coverage are monitored; In the adult stage of Asiatic migrotory locust, mainly its vegetation coverage and water body situation are monitored.By the three phases of Asiatic migrotory locust breeding cycle is monitored respectively, just can make accurately and judging, and then can before plague of locusts outburst, make prediction accurately like this it to the locust growing state of monitoring the area.By the inventor's actual measurement and observation, utilize the accuracy rate of this method prediction plague of locusts to reach more than 95%.
Though more than be the present invention have been made explanation in the mode of specific embodiment,, those of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific embodiment.For example, though above be that example describes the present invention with the Asiatic migrotory locust, range of application of the present invention is not limited in the plague of insects prediction of Asiatic migrotory locust.Thought of the present invention can also be applied in the middle of the monitoring and early warning such as other plants such as Asia migratory locusts, Tibet migratory locusts, meadow locust, pine moth, forest disease and pest.For example, for pine moth, it has explosive and extensive characteristics equally, and temperature is had very strong dependence, is the habit etc. of basic food and colony's migration with the pine tree leaf.Therefore, utilize thought of the present invention, by on the spot or satellite remote sensing measure and the relevant environmental parameter of each breeding cycle of pine moth, and will measure measurement result and compare with the predetermined environment parameter model relevant with each breeding cycle of pine moth, also can make prediction accurately to the generation and the evolution of the plague of insects of pine moth.In a word, the spirit and scope of the present invention are defined by claims.
Claims (8)
1. plague of insects monitoring method based on the breeding cycle of large-scale outbreak farming evil insect, this method may further comprise the steps:
1) closely-related environmental parameter in that obtain at least one geographic area by detection and the breeding cycle described farming evil insect;
2) environmental parameter that obtains according to described detection is judged the growing state of the described farming evil insect of described at least one geographic area; And
3), give the alarm to the geographic area that may break out the plague of insects according to judged result.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step 1) further comprises the step of surveying different environmental parameters according to each different bearing cycle of described farming evil insect.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described step 2) comprise that further the relevant environmental parameter of each breeding cycle with farming evil insect that described detection is obtained is suitable for the step that the environmental parameter of general growth rhythm that described farming does harm to each breeding cycle of insect compares respectively with predetermined.
4. according to the described method of any one claim in the claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that the result of detection of the described environmental parameter in the described step 1) obtains one of at least in the following manner:
A) directly measure by ground;
B) by utilizing satellite remote sensing detection, inverting and calculating.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described farming evil insect comprises Asiatic migrotory locust, Asia migratory locusts, Tibet migratory locusts, meadow locust and pine moth at least.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the described step 1):
In the incubation period of described farming evil insect, the environmental parameter of being surveyed is a holard heat condition parameter, and described holard heat condition parameter comprises surface temperature and surface humidity at least;
In the puberty of described farming evil insect, the environmental parameter of being surveyed comprises surface temperature and vegetation coverage at least;
In the adult stage of described farming evil insect, the environmental parameter of being surveyed comprises vegetation coverage and water body situation at least.
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described step 3) further comprises: when the environmental parameter of described at least one geographic area of detecting conforms to the predetermined environmental parameter that is suitable for the general growth rhythm of described farming evil insect, then send plague of insects alarm to this geographic area.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step 3) is further comprising the steps of: by utilizing environmental parameter and predetermined should stage described farming evil insect adapt circumstance parameter the comparing of detecting in the adult stage of described farming evil insect, with gathering and the migration rule figure that determines described farming evil insect, and determine gathering ground and the scope that described farming does harm to insect thus, thereby instruct improvement to the plague of insects.
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