CN1804619B - Remote sensing diagnosis method for diseases and insect pests of crop rotation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a farm crop rotation pest remote sensing quoting method in the field of agriculture. The quoted object is the pest. It uses the space changing explain result of the farm crop in the remote image as the data for quoting farm crop real rotation period, compares the farm crop real rotation period with the minimum rotation period, and quotes the pest might occurs condition relative to the farm crop by the computing result of the relative formula.

Description

A kind of remote sensing diagnosis method of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation

Technical field the present invention relates to agricultural and association area, is used at all disease and pests relevant with crop rotation of remote sensing image overlay area diagnosis.

Background technology usually will be on same plot, a kind of proportion of crop planting is after the regular hour, plant again the another kind of crops regular hour, and the process that replaces down is called crop rotation always, these two kinds of times are called from a kind of crops to the another kind of farming rotation of crops time, are also referred to as the period of crop-rotation.Crop rotation is one of main tillage and cultivation pattern of crops, have obvious ecological benefits and economic benefit, not only greatly improve soil physical and chemical property and ecologic environment, but also effectively destroy the living environment of disease worm, weeds, significantly reduce the use amount of agricultural chemicals, reduce pollution by pesticides and improve output.China not only does widespread use in southern area floods and droughts and drought ring, and in northern area crop rotation also widespread use, crop rotation such as corn and soybean just has obvious ecology and economic benefit, nearly hundred million yuan of peasant households that implement soybean and Corn Rotation System for subsidy of annual investment of country.Worldwide, crop rotation is equally also becoming the ecology of raising agricultural production and the gordian technique of economic benefit, but improve ecological benefits and the economic benefit of crop rotation, a situation arises just must to study the disease and pest relevant with crop rotation, comprise the zone of generation and serious degree, in order to take positive measure to administer and control, therefore, the diagnosis of the disease and pest relevant with crop rotation just becomes the key issue that must solve.

Usually, crops are not carried out the oversize disease and pest that produces of crop rotation or the period of crop-rotation be called diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, because not carrying out the oversize crop rotation disease and pest that all can make of crop rotation or the period of crop-rotation, crops do not aggravate, so find early or the prediction diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, and take appropriate measures, have great importance for the ecological benefits and the economic benefit that improve agricultural production.Yet, how to diagnose diseases and insect pests of crop rotation in large geographic area scope is a difficult problem that faces in the agriculture field always, this solution of problem is for formulating corresponding control strategy, has important value, scholar both domestic and external has carried out a large amount of explorations to this, but does not find the method for head it off.

The objective of the invention is to adopt a kind of new method to use decipher result to remote sensing image, and by being based upon the mathematical model on statistics and the stochastic process basis, come the actual period of crop-rotation of the crops in the analytical estimating remote sensing image covering area range, and then actual periods of crop-rotation of crops and the minimum necessary period of crop-rotation compared, calculate according to correlation formula, a situation arises to diagnose the disease and pest relevant with crop rotation with result of calculation, in order to take corresponding prophylactico-therapeutic measures, the method has efficiently, simply, be easy to the characteristics such as application.

Summary of the invention the present invention will from limited a plurality of on the time master data of the crop rotation of different year on all the same plot the decipher crop rotation zone that in the remote sensing image coverage, distributes out on the continuous satellite remote-sensing image in twos, according to varying in size of geographic range, respectively by the city, the county, township or village are the period of crop-rotation that unit calculates crops, again according to different to another kind of crop rotation order from a kind of crops, the conclusion that their period of crop-rotation also is not quite similar is used in wheel is estimated the different order crops as the formula of setting up on the stationary stochastic process basis the actual period of crop-rotation.Then, the actual period of crop-rotation with crops compared with the minimum necessary period of crop-rotation again, and a situation arises to diagnose the disease and pest relevant with crop rotation.Therefore, with limited a plurality of on the time in twos the decipher result of continuous satellite image be used for actual period of crop-rotation of crops in the high precision estimation remote sensing image covering area range and the period of crop-rotation that actual periods of crop-rotation of crops and minimum is necessary compares, calculate according to correlation formula, diagnose the disease and pest relevant with the crop rotation method that a situation arises to become key character of the present invention with result of calculation.

The technical scheme of the remote sensing diagnosis method of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation of the present invention is:

At first, the remote sensing image that will study the crops in crop rotation zone to the covering of obtaining carries out decipher, obtains the crop rotation data in each township or town (city or county); Use again crop rotation cycle estimation equation to this crop rotation data analysis, obtain the actual period of crop-rotation of crops; The actual period of crop-rotation with crops compared with the minimum necessary period of crop-rotation again, and a situation arises namely to diagnose the disease and pest relevant with crop rotation according to the result of calculation of correlation formula.

Crops remote sensing image of the present invention decipher mainly comprises four steps, at first raw video is carried out geometry correction, the pre-service such as linear stretch enhancing; Secondly determine the interpret tag of crop rotation crops and other crops according to open-air on-site inspection; And then by the artificial visual decipher, from image, extract the information of crop rotation crops and generate the decipher map that contains crop rotation crop map spot, afterwards, this map is verified inspection on the spot, problematic figure spot is revised, make the decipher of map accurately and reliably; Generate at last the vector quantization decipher map that comprises the crop rotation crops, and by Geographic Information System the decipher map is carried out spatial analysis and process, obtain crop rotation farming rotation of crops data.

The cycle of research crop rotation, usually must observe for many years the crop rotation zone, and the data that obtain are carried out statistical study, could obtain compellent result, therefore, utilization of the present invention is estimated periods of crop-rotation of crops from limited a plurality of data that obtain the continuous remote sensing satellite image in twos on the time.Limited a plurality of on the time in twos each width of cloth image in the continuous remote sensing satellite image for many years remote sensing satellite image that refers to choose be continuous with other each width of cloth image in the time at least.

The crop rotation cycle estimation equation of the present invention's design, limited a plurality of on the time in twos the continuous remote sensing satellite imaging monitor except utilizing, adopted the method that the crop rotation level in all small towns in the crop rotation zone is observed simultaneously, estimate that the crop rotation level in a Utopian typical small towns is (to the city, the county can be same discussion), be equivalent to expand to the random test sample size of township's one-level a plurality of, in order to add the period of crop-rotation of extrapolating exactly these regional crops, it is according to being: have obvious mutual independence in crop rotation and tillage and cultivation management between each small towns and each peasant household, substantially meet statistically the requirement to sample independence; When the periodicity of crop rotation is reflected in the crop rotation process of describing with stochastic process, this process has stationarity, the quantity that just is equivalent to statistically annual crop rotation should be roughly the same, goes out to finish needed time of whole crop rotation or cycle according to the quantity survey (surveying) of annual crop rotation; Limited a plurality of on the time independent sample in continuous a plurality of small towns township's one-level of stationarity of statistical nature or cycle of crop rotation process quantitatively have to(for) research in twos, should be enough large.

It is key characters of the present invention that the method for the generation of the disease and pest that the diagnosis of the present invention's design is relevant with crop rotation is applicable to all crops.

Now, at first as example crop rotation cycle estimation equation being described with cotton and paddy rice wheel, is key characters of the present invention but this formula is applicable to the estimation in all crop rotation cycles.

Limited a plurality of on the time in adjacent 2 years of continuous remote sensing satellite imaging monitor in twos, the plot that grew cotton upper one year with " cotton/rice " expression in the next year kind area of paddy rice.For given plot, if " cotton _i/ rice _I+1" be illustrated on this plot, i grows cotton and the area of i+1 kind paddy rice, then the next year kind paddy rice i.e. " area of paddy rice of ratio that accounts for 1 year area that grows cotton _I+1The area of/cotton _i" be defined as this plot i to the cotton rice crop rotation factor of i+1 or referred to as the cotton rice crop rotation factor of this plot i, and use CRRF _i(Cotton-Rice Rotation Factor) represent,

$\mathrm{CRR}{F}_i=\frac{{\mathrm{NRA}}_i}{{\mathrm{CCA}}_i};$

CCA wherein _iBe the area that grows cotton at i for given plot; NRA _iBe CCA _iIn, the area of i+1 kind paddy rice.

Suppose only to have cotton and paddy rice in a certain given plot enterprising road wheel do, to this plot continuous monitoring N, this crop rotation process is described with having obviously periodically stationary stochastic process, and at this point on the piece, the cotton rice crop rotation factor is CRRF _i(i=1 ..., N-1), then the period of crop-rotation CRRP of cotton and paddy rice (Cotton-Rice Rotation Period) is

$\mathrm{CRRP}=\underset{N\→\∞}{\lim }\frac{1}{N-1}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N-1}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{1}{\mathrm{CRR}{F}_i};$

Because the year number N that in fact observes is limited, so when N is enough large, the approximate value of cotton rice period of crop-rotation CRRP:

Because cotton and paddy rice crop rotation process are described with having obviously periodic stationary stochastic process, so the quantity of annual cotton crop rotation statistically should be roughly the same, and cotton and the paddy rice period of crop-rotation be existence and use numeric representation.

Because only have cotton and paddy rice in given plot enterprising road wheel do, so according to CRRF _iDefinition, at given " upper one year of cotton area " CCA _iSituation under, if " cotton/rice " area NRA is arranged every year _iReplant paddy rice, then Year has replanted " upper one year of cotton area ", so CRRP _i=1/CRRF _iSet up.

Suppose that desired cycle CRRP is the mathematical expectation E of stochastic variable ξ (ξ), the method for so approximate definite CRRP is that ξ is carried out duplicate sampling N time, produces the sequence ξ of separate ξ value ₁..., ξ _N(ξ ₁=1/CRRF ₁... .., ξ _N=1/CRRF _N), its arithmetic mean then

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ξ}}_N}=\frac{1}{N}\underset{i=1}{\overset{N}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\ξ}}_i;$

According to powerful several theorems,

$P(\underset{N\→\∞}{\lim }\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ξ}}_N}=\mathrm{CRRP})=1;$

Therefore, when N is fully large,

$\stackrel{\‾}{{\mathrm{\ξ}}_N}\≈E\left(\mathrm{\ξ}\right)=\mathrm{CRRP};$

The probability of setting up equals 1, therefore uses

Estimated value as required amount CRRP.

According to theorems, utilize M small towns N continuous year satellite monitoring data to the crop rotation zone, calculate the cotton rice period of crop-rotation in this crop rotation zone,

Wherein M is the small towns sum; NRA _IjBe that j small towns is in the area that i grows cotton, at the area of i+1 kind paddy rice; CCA _IjBe j the area that the small towns grows cotton at i.

In like manner, for the situation of paddy rice and cotton crop rotation, release the cotton period of crop-rotation formula of the rice of calculating the crop rotation zone

Wherein M is the small towns sum; RCRF _iWhat are arranged in i-1 kind paddy rice in the area that grows cotton for i; NCA _IjBe j small towns in the area of i-1 kind paddy rice, the area that grows cotton at i; CCA _IjBe j the area that the small towns grows cotton at i.

As crop succession is not added differentiation, rice and cotton or cotton and the rice period of crop-rotation then refer to the arithmetic mean of the cotton period of crop-rotation of rice and the cotton rice period of crop-rotation,

The method of the diagnosis diseases and pests of agronomic crop of the present invention's design is as follows:

Suppose that crops i and crops j carry out crop rotation, be used for control diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, the order of severity that diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k occurs is relevant with this crop rotation cycle and use index α _IjkRepresent:

α _ijk＝f(x ₁，x ₂，x ₃)；

Wherein: f (x ₁, x ₂, x ₃) for asking α _IjkThe function of value; Variable x ₁Be the actual period of crop-rotation of crops i; Variable x ₂Be the necessary period of crop-rotation of the minimum of crops i; Variable x ₃Be the amount relevant with the geographical conditions in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone and other factors.

F (x ₁, x ₂, x ₃) be Multiple Linear Regression Function, ask α _IjkHave during value:

α _ijk＝f(x ₁，x ₂，x ₃)＝a ₁x ₁+a ₂x ₂；

Wherein: regression coefficient a ₁And a ₂Relevant with geographical conditions and the other factors in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone.By in the crop rotation zone of crops i, according to the difference of the actual period of crop-rotation, several sample prescriptions are set, measuring wheel is made the order of severity α that disease and pest k occurs in each sample prescription again _Ijk, and according to corresponding x ₁And x ₂Value, with the method Coefficient of determination a that returns ₁And a ₂Value.

By the processing of above-mentioned multiple regression equation to the real data in the sample prescription, and make x ₁=CRTP _Ijk, x ₂=CRTN _Ijk, regression coefficient a ₁And a ₂Use coefficient C _IjkReplace, obtain asking α _IjkThe simpler formula of value is as follows:

α _ijk＝C _ijk×(CRTP _ijk-CRTN _ijk)

Wherein: (1) C _IjkBe the coefficient relevant with the geographical conditions in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone and other factors.In several sample prescriptions that arrange, the order of severity α of the relevant actual generation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation of investigation _Ijk, come Coefficient of determination C by the method that returns again _Ijk

(2) α _IjkValue is larger to illustrate that then the generation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k will be more serious, α _IjkThe period of crop-rotation that=0 explanation crops i and crops j is used for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k meets the requirement of the minimum period of crop-rotation, and α _Ijk＜0 o'clock | α _Ijk| the larger diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k that then illustrates more is not easy generation, this seasonal α _Ijk=0.

(3) the minimum period of crop-rotation refers to that economy and the ecological benefits that can bring into play to greatest extent crops i and crops j crop rotation can prevent and treat again the necessary minimum period of crop-rotation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k simultaneously, by scientific experimentation, mensuration, or determine according to the experience of long-term accumulation.

(4)1≤CRTP _ijk＜∞，1≤CRTN _ijk＜∞。

According to the actual period of crop-rotation of the crops i that estimates, calculate the index α of relevant description diseases and insect pests of crop rotation occurrence degree _Ijk, just judge the order of severity that occurs at relevant range diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Northern Suzhou, Jiangsu Province city is the large city of famous agricultural, the whole nation, the farming of going to river in being positioned at is distinguished, 2393 square kilometres of the total areas, population 1,550,000 is had jurisdiction over 45 small towns, the existing arable land 130,000 hectares, water surface area is 1/4th of whole city's total area, be national commodity food and high quality cotton base, produce 1100000 tons in grain, 40,000 tons in cotton per year, with the crops of paddy rice, the cotton growth same period corn, soybean, sweet potato, vegetables etc. are arranged.Survey region is mainly cotton and paddy rice crop rotation, in addition cotton also with other crop rotation, but be not the main flow rotation system.

The satellite image that research is adopted is that No. 7 satellite images in land of 11937 and orbit number are No. 5 satellite images in land of 11937, has covered above-mentioned survey region, and each pixel of image or grid are of a size of 30 meters * 30 meters.In survey region, cotton and cotton rice crop rotation is observed when best is that July is to August mutually to rice.Therefore, the date of the four-period TM remote sensing image that we select is July 26 calendar year 2001, on July 29th, 2002, on July 24th, 2003, on July 26th, 2004, and the quality of image meets the decipher requirement.

According to above-mentioned cotton rice period of crop-rotation formula

To the data analysis that the remote sensing image decipher obtains, the result is as shown in table 1.

Table 1 northern Suzhou city calendar year 2001 to the 2004 year horizontal remote sensing investigation of cotton rice crop rotation (square measure: hectare, cycle unit: year)

According to table 1, it is larger that calendar year 2001 to 2004 year is planted cotton area fluctuation, and for example, from calendar year 2001 to 2002 year, area descends 21.62%; From 2002 to 2003, area rose 6.55%; And from 2003 to 2004, area continued to rise 8.05%.The same period, each small towns to plant the fluctuation of cotton area also very large, the small towns of area change, calendar year 2001 to 2002 year is 10; 2002 to 2003 is 20; 2003 to 2004 is 25.The number of cotton area change is planted in the small towns, has reflected that basically the northern Suzhou city plants the general trend of cotton area increase and decrease.From the characteristics of cycle variation pattern, the cotton rice period of crop-rotation of calculating according to the data of calendar year 2001 to 2002 year is 2.01 years; Calculating the cotton rice period of crop-rotation according to the data in 2002 to 2003 is 3.42; The cotton rice period of crop-rotation of calculating according to the data in 2003 to 2004 is 3.01; Differ greatly, but basically reflected since the calendar year 2001, particularly calendar year 2001, the impact on cotton rice crop rotation is adjusted in each the small towns plant husbandry of northern Suzhou city.In general, by the average period that the arithmetic mean of three cycle datas of cotton rice period of crop-rotation monitoring was obtained in continuous 4 years be 2.81, only differ 12.40% with the saying of the scientist Xu Guangqi of China Ming Dynasty 2 to 3 years (on average being about 2.5 years), more approaching.

Embodiment 2

The satellite image that survey region and research are adopted is with embodiment 1.

According to the cotton period of crop-rotation formula of above-mentioned rice To the data analysis that the remote sensing image decipher obtains, the result is as shown in table 2.

The horizontal remote sensing investigation table of the table 2 northern Suzhou city cotton crop rotation of calendar year 2001 to 2004 year rice (square measure: hectare, cycle unit: year)

According to table 2, the cotton crop rotation of rice average period is 2.89, very approaching 2.81 average periods with cotton rice crop rotation, both only differ 2.85%, the crop rotation area of explanation from the cotton to the paddy rice is basic identical with the crop rotation area from the paddy rice to the cotton, this phenomenon meets the basic law of crop rotation, also meeting above-mentioned is to have periodically and the hypothesis of the stochastic process of stationarity about the crop rotation process, and illustrate that crop rotation estimation equation of the present invention is rational, the precision of remote Sensing Interpretation has reached the requirement of test, and comprehensively the two result is not considered that the period of crop-rotation of the cotton of crop succession is 2.85.

Because in the calculating of the cotton rice period of crop-rotation and the cotton period of crop-rotation of rice, adopted different decipher areas, the former is the area of kind paddy rice next year that grows cotton then, and the latter is the area that last year, the kind paddy rice grew cotton then, the two has relative independence, as the foundation of verification of correctness each other.Therefore, utilize the cotton rice of calculating and the difference between the cotton cycle result of rice, the important indicator as check remote sensing image decipher precision, period of crop-rotation estimation accuracy has in actual applications important theory and practice and is worth.

Embodiment 3

Cotton rice crop rotation cotton disease remote sensing diagnosis:

The remote sensing diagnosis of the cotton rice crop rotation in table 3 northern Suzhou city cotton spoting verticillium wilt evil

According to the remote sensing diagnosis method of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, as shown in table 3 to the result that the cotton rice crop rotation cotton spoting verticillium wilt evil remote sensing in small towns, northern Suzhou city is diagnosed, wherein: α _IjkBe the incidence of disease (percentage) of blight, CRTN _Ijk=2.85 is the minimum necessary period of crop-rotation, CRTP _IjkBe the actual period of crop-rotation, coefficient C _Ijk=16.47.Attention: in this table, suppose the period of crop-rotation be not more than minimum must the period of crop-rotation time blight can not occur, in fact also has slight generation, but here do not consider, just must take prophylactico-therapeutic measures 30% when above according to the situation blight incidence of disease of pilot region, therefore when control, should give special concern to the emphasis small towns that is higher than 30% incidence of disease.

Claims (7)

1. the remote sensing diagnosis method of a diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, the object of diagnosis is all disease and pests relevant with crop rotation in the remote sensing image overlay area, the decipher result who spatially changes with the crops in the remote sensing image is as the data in estimation crop rotation cycle, estimate the actual period of crop-rotation of crops by the formula of setting up, the actual period of crop-rotation with crops compared with the minimum necessary period of crop-rotation again, had realized the method that a kind of result of calculation according to correlation formula diagnoses the disease and pest relevant with crop rotation to occur; Estimate that by the formula of setting up the actual period of crop-rotation of crops refers to that following C crops and the described mathematical formulae of R crop rotation, derivation, result of calculation and application process are applicable to the period of crop-rotation of all crops and the estimation of spatial variations

After the interpret data of M the small towns N continuous year remote sensing satellite image that has obtained C crops and R crop rotation zone, calculate C crops and R crop rotation cycle with following formula,

Wherein M is the small towns sum; NRA _IjBe that j small towns is in the area of i kind C crops, at the area of i+1 kind R crops; CCA _IjBe j small towns at the area of i kind C crops,

After the interpret data of M the small towns N continuous year remote sensing satellite image that has obtained R crops and C crop rotation zone, calculate R crops and C crop rotation cycle with following formula,

Wherein M is the small towns sum; NCA _IjBe that j small towns is in the area of i-1 kind R crops, at the area of i kind C crops; CCA _IjBe j small towns at the area of i kind C crops,

Crop succession is not added differentiation, and R crops and C crops or C crops and R crop rotation cycle then refer to the arithmetic mean in R crops C crop rotation cycle and C crops R crop rotation cycle,

The actual period of crop-rotation with crops compared with the minimum necessary period of crop-rotation again, diagnose the disease and pest relevant with crop rotation a situation arises according to the result of calculation of correlation formula and refer to that following mathematical formulae, derivation, result of calculation and application process are applicable to the remote sensing diagnosis to all diseases and insect pests of crop rotation

Crops i and crops j carry out crop rotation, are used for control diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, and the order of severity that diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k occurs is relevant with this crop rotation cycle and use index α _IjkRepresent:

α _ijk＝f(x ₁，x ₂，x ₃)；

Wherein: f (x ₁, x ₂, x ₃) for asking α _IjkThe function of value; Variable x ₁Be the actual period of crop-rotation of crops i; Variable x ₂Be the necessary period of crop-rotation of the minimum of crops i; Variable x ₃Be the amount relevant with the geographical conditions in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone and other factors,

F (x ₁, x ₂, x ₃) be Multiple Linear Regression Function, ask α _IjkHave during value:

α _ijk＝f(x ₁，x ₂，x ₃)＝a ₁x ₁+a ₂x ₂；

Wherein: regression coefficient a ₁And a ₂Relevant with geographical conditions and the other factors in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone, by the crop rotation zone at crops i, difference according to the actual period of crop-rotation, several sample prescriptions are set, and measuring wheel is made the order of severity α that disease and pest k occurs in each sample prescription again _Ijk, and according to corresponding x ₁And x ₂Value, with the method Coefficient of determination a that returns ₁And a ₂Value,

By the processing of multiple regression equation to the real data in the sample prescription, and make x ₁=CRTP _Ijk, x ₂=CRTN _Ijk, regression coefficient a ₁And a ₂Use coefficient C _IjkReplace, obtain asking α _IjkThe simpler formula of value is as follows:

α _ijk＝C _ijk×(CRTP _ijk-CRTN _ijk)

Wherein: (1) C _IjkBe the coefficient relevant with the geographical conditions in crops i, crops j, diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k, tillage and cultivation mode, crop rotation zone and other factors, in several sample prescriptions that arrange, the order of severity α of the relevant actual generation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation of investigation _Ijk, come Coefficient of determination C by the method that returns again _Ijk,

(2) α _IjkValue is larger to illustrate that then the generation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k will be more serious, α _IjkThe period of crop-rotation that=0 explanation crops i and crops j is used for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k meets the requirement of the minimum period of crop-rotation, and α _Ijk＜0 o'clock | α _Ijk| the larger diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k that then illustrates more is not easy generation, this seasonal α _Ijk=0,

(3) the minimum period of crop-rotation refers to that economy and the ecological benefits that can bring into play to greatest extent crops i and crops j crop rotation can prevent and treat again the necessary minimum period of crop-rotation of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k simultaneously, by scientific experimentation, mensuration, or determine according to the experience of long-term accumulation

(4)1≤CRTP _ijk＜∞，1≤CRTN _ijk＜∞，

According to the actual period of crop-rotation of the crops i that estimates, calculate the index α of relevant description diseases and insect pests of crop rotation occurrence degree _Ijk, just judge the order of severity that occurs at relevant range diseases and insect pests of crop rotation k.

2. the remote sensing diagnosis method of a kind of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation according to claim 1, the object that it is characterized in that described diagnosis refers on same plot for all disease and pests relevant with crop rotation in the remote sensing image overlay area, a kind of proportion of crop planting is after the regular hour, plant again the another kind of crops regular hour, and the process that replaces down is called crop rotation always, the time that spends was called from a kind of crops to the another kind of farming rotation of crops time, be also referred to as the period of crop-rotation, the conclusion of crop rotation cycle studies is equally applicable to unit At All Other Times the research in crop rotation cycle with the time, on this basis, according to a kind of remote sensing diagnosis method of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation, in the remote sensing image overlay area, be used for geographic position and the order of severity of diagnosing out all disease and pests relevant with crop rotation to occur.

3. the remote sensing diagnosis method of a kind of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described decipher result who spatially changes with the crops in the remote sensing image as the data in estimation crop rotation cycle, estimate that by the formula of setting up each width of cloth image that the actual period of crop-rotation of crops refers to choose for for many years remote sensing image of decipher is continuous with another width of cloth image in the time at least.

4. the remote sensing diagnosis method of a kind of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described decipher result who spatially changes with the crops in the remote sensing image is as the data of estimating the crop rotation cycle, by the formula of setting up estimate the actual period of crop-rotation of crops refer to data that solution from remote sensing image is translated take adjacent 2 years for substantially making up, each combination comprise the previous year by the area of crop rotation crops and on identical plot the previous year replanted or take turns area as another kind of crops by the crop rotation crops at next year.

5. the remote sensing diagnosis method of a kind of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described decipher result who spatially changes with the crops in the remote sensing image is as the data of estimating the crop rotation cycle, estimate that by the formula of setting up the actual period of crop-rotation of crops refers to that crop rotation describes with stationary stochastic process, having periodically and use numeric representation, the periodicity here is that all that calculate statistically participate in a kind of crops of crop rotations by umber of needed year of another kind of crops shifting cultivation.

6. the remote sensing diagnosis method of a kind of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described decipher result who spatially changes with the crops in the remote sensing image is as the data of estimating the crop rotation cycle, estimate that by the formula of setting up the first crops that the actual period of crop-rotation of crops refers to participate in crop rotation and the second crops are two kinds of different crops, the first crops and the second crop rotation and the second crops and the first crop rotation are two different concepts, their period of crop-rotation is different, crop succession is not added differentiation, and the first the second crop rotation cycle then refers to the first crops and the second crop rotation cycle and the second crops and the arithmetic mean in the first crop rotation cycle.

7. the remote sensing diagnosis method of a kind of diseases and insect pests of crop rotation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described decipher result who spatially changes with the crops in the remote sensing image is as the data of estimating the crop rotation cycle, estimate that by the formula of setting up the actual period of crop-rotation of crops refers to respect to the remote sensing image overlay area, large remote sensing image is divided into the smaller area territory that nature township or village meet the independent sample requirement calculates the crop rotation week after date in these smaller area territories, calculate again the crop rotation cycle of large remote sensing image overlay area, the independent sample number in the crop rotation cycle of calculating large remote sensing image overlay area will be increased, minimizing is to the requirement of different year remote sensing image quantity, and the precision in raising estimation crop rotation cycle.