CN1791729A

CN1791729A - Scharniervorrichtung

Info

Publication number: CN1791729A
Application number: CN200480013327.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 詹斯·申肯伯格; 科德·博梅尔曼; 马赛厄斯·哈利克; 帕特里克·维尔希
Original assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Current assignee: Adam Opel GmbH; GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Priority date: 2003-06-04
Filing date: 2004-02-20
Publication date: 2006-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 2024-02-20
Also published as: DE112004001482D2; JP2006526719A; DE10325232A1; WO2004111373A1; CN100516447C; EP1636455A1; US20070084016A1; DE10325232B4

Abstract

Disclosed is a hinge device (2, 22) comprising a lever (6) that is provided with two top parts (4, 5). Said two top parts are used for assembling the lever and are pivotable about one respective pin located at ends of the lever. Two traction ropes (8, 9) are provided which grip the two top parts (4, 5) at gripping points (12, 13, 16, 17) located on different sides of a plane that is defined by the two pins.

Description

Hinge means

The present invention relates to a kind of hinge means, it comprises a lever, and lever has two can be respectively be used to install the end section of this lever on door or cover or framework around axis revolution at lever end.The invention particularly relates to the i.e. hinge means of so-called scalable door (Pantographt ü r) of swing door that is used to have parallel gyroscopic characteristics.

This door can be seen in motor bus now more and more.Its reason is, this swing Men Dangmen is similar to sliding door outwardly when turning round, and discharges cross section, whole doorway at a sidewall of motor bus.Compare with traditional door, its allows to get on or off the bus more easily because of sick valetudinarian, invalid and disabled person, and is favourable when especially running into narrow parking space.

As everyone knows, the scalable door that is parallel to the swing of automobile sidewall realizes that by hinge means it comprises can be around the rotating lever of different axis.At least two levers of known needs, wherein a lever that is called the bar of loading is as setting element, and the lever that is called control lever plays directed element.This have the shortcoming of the hinge means of many levers to be, because in the door there with at framework many lever linkages there, so need bigger locus.Lever is in the district of getting on the bus mostly and especially causes great obstruction there near the floor.In addition also have a shortcoming to be, these levers may flexural deformations under situation about breaking down, thereby cause stuckly, and this makes and in case of emergency may hinder maybe and door can not be opened.

The objective of the invention is to create a kind of hinge means that is used to swing door or cover, it has a small amount of lever just much of that and overcome above-mentioned various shortcoming.

Reach by a kind of hinge means by this purpose of the present invention with claim 1 feature.

Lever by hinge means of the present invention is equivalent to scalable known load bar, and drag cable is then born the function of control lever.Here drag cable can be close to lever or abut in tightly on the lever or even be contained in its hollow inside, so the space that they do not need the position that adds and hinge means to need altogether is littler than known hinge means.In addition, if the present invention's design has the changeable drag cable of shape such as chain or V belt, almost completely can avoid stuck when breaking down lever flexural deformation, therefore, have one and fan the automobile that possesses by the door of hinge means of the present invention, much more reliable and secure than the automobile of the door that is provided with the conventional hinge device.

By preferred design of the present invention, each body is hinged on the end section of each self-configuring with identical gearratio, and application point has identical distance from described plane.Here at least one is connected with body that a quilt is connected to each other drag cable winding together in the end section.Body can be connected with the end section power of related end with transmitting, so the mobile drive end section rotation of drag cable.In this case, preferably one of drag cable is tangent with a winding face of body at least.For realizing that this point is designed to round wheel disk with body.If points of tangency has identical distance and establishes wheel plate-like body at the two ends of lever from described plane, mean that then these take turns the plate-like body consistent diameter is arranged.

Lever revolution when handling hinge means, application point moves along body surface in this design of the present invention, changes when lever turns round because body is pulled the face of rope winding.Yet the application point of convertible not ipsilateral on this plane when lever is not regulated.Drag cable is crossed lever with rotatablely moving of an end section and is transferred to another end section, so can realize parallel swing characteristic for the swing door that this hinge means is arranged.

The circumference area that this round wheel disk never contacts with drag cable when the lever gyration can be cancelled, so also can consider to adopt fan-shaped winding body.

When body for example is gear, the then tooth of gear and drag cable engagement.Therefore, drag cable advantageously can relate to chain, and chain has the chain link with the engagement of the tooth of gear, or relates to the belt that tooth is arranged itself or the chain of toothed chain link itself is arranged, so the tooth of the tooth of belt or chain and gear meshes.

Preferably, the axis of end section overlaps with the rotation of the body of each configuration.So the end section of body and configuration might be designed to a stiff member.

Also can be with described drag cable in conjunction with being designed to a closed hoop that links up.

By another kind of design, for example epicyclic train or other geared systems are connected with separately end section body by transmission device.Here transmission device can have different gearratio between body and end section.This gearratio is big more, and the closed hoop of drag cable circulates soon more when gyration, and the power of drag cable transmission is more little in this case, and it is more little to resist the internal stress that outside counter-force produces when that is to say the lever gyration.Because internal stress is less, lever can design gently and thereby make cheaply.

By a kind of particularly preferred design, lever design becomes to bend at least an angle.Lever particularly preferably constitutes L shaped in this case.Therefore, the swing door with this hinge means obtains bigger door opening angle, because at the state lever that door is arranged a bending section is abutted on the exterior side wall on doorway, and thereby door also is placed near sidewall.In this design of lever, establish tumbler at the knuckle place rightly, preferably the form of deflecting roller.

For the lever that makes bending keeps the little distance of stretching at automotive interior, drag cable preferably extends towards knuckle direction convergence ground from the end section in lever is hinged on section on the door.

For fear of drag cable overbending on tumbler of especially extending, can on this drag cable, arrange two tumblers along the lever convex side.

Another preferably designs by the present invention, and lever design is hollow, and drag cable is contained in its inside with the body that is wound.Hide and protect moving parts in this way.As favourable the further developing of this design, lever can even be born additional function, and it for example can be used as arm bearing surface (Armauflagefl  che) for this reason.

A motor that is used for the servo driving hinge means is preferably motor, and it can be fixed on the lever so that the rotation of drive end section.According to first kind of design, this motor has a pinion that meshes with drag cable.If the body that combines with the end section is to be pulled the gear that rope twines, then the pinion of motor also can be engaged on one of these gears.Preferably, this motor mounting is in the inside of hollow lever.

Can design a kind of combined hinge device, wherein a plurality ofly be connected to each other by hinge means of the present invention.A kind of like this combined hinge device for example is advantageously used in tall and big door, wherein goes up at various height by hinge means of the present invention location.Confirmed already that this combined hinge device was durable especially.

Have a plurality ofly by hinge means of the present invention or have in the door of combined hinge device, each lever is installed in door with its first end section and goes up and become echelon to arrange in this way, that is, their first and second axis are overlapped respectively.

If the door that has by hinge means of the present invention is the part of automobile, then lever is installed in its second end section on one framework of this automobile.This preferably relates to a kind of wing door that can upwards open with substantially horizontal axis of rotation, but also can for example relate to the door with vertical axis of rotation line in motor bus.

Equally, can use on cover by hinge means of the present invention, for example the enging cabin cover or the luggage-boot lid of automobile are so that be designed to have the parallel characteristic of arranging with them.

Describe the present invention in detail by two kinds of preferred forms of implementation below.In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 represents to have a door by hinge means of the present invention to be in closed condition;

Door in Fig. 2 presentation graphs 1 is in opening;

Fig. 3 represents to have a door by the hinge means of the another kind of design of the present invention to be in closed condition;

Door in Fig. 4 presentation graphs 3 is in opening;

Fig. 5 represents to have an interior views by the door of hinge means of the present invention;

Fig. 6 represents by the door among Fig. 5 and the horizontal profile of hinge means;

Fig. 6 a is similar to Fig. 6 and represents section by a kind of Transform Type design of hinge means;

Fig. 7 is similar to Fig. 6 and represents section by first kind of scheme of dynamical type hinge means;

Fig. 8 represents to pass through along a line of representing with VIII the section of lever shown in Figure 7;

Fig. 9 is similar to Fig. 6 and represents section by second kind of scheme of dynamical type hinge means;

Figure 10 represents the section of IX along the line by hinge means;

Figure 11 represents that the hood with hinge means shown in Figure 1 is in opening;

Figure 12 represents to have end section of lever of transmission device;

Figure 13 represents to have end section of lever of epicyclic train;

Figure 14 represents to have the automobile of the door that a fan upwards arranges; And

Figure 15 represents to have the automobile shown in Figure 14 of the door of unlatching.

Fig. 1 represents that with sectional drawing the automotive door 1 that has by hinge means 2 of the present invention is in closed condition.Door 1 finishes with the sidewall 3 of automobile at this state with flushing.Hinge means 2 comprises that a hollow lever 6 (for the enclosing cover of lever in the reduced graph is taken away), two are located at lever 6 ends and can wind respectively to be located at perpendicular to the rotating end section 4 of the axis of figure paper plane and 5 and one and be the chain of closed hoop or odontoid belt 7 on lever 6 internal forms.In order to make

end section

4,5 that rotating possibility be arranged, the sidewall of hollow lever 6 disconnects in its end respectively.Circular belt wheel 10 holds section 4 rotations to be permanently connected therewith, and round belt wheel 11 is permanently connected with 5 rotations of end section.These two

belt wheels

10,11 are contained in the inside of hollow lever 6.Here, belt wheel 10 is centered on the axis of rotation of end section 4, and belt wheel 11 is centered on the axis of rotation of end section 5.

Belt wheel

10 and 11 is twined by odontoid belt 7, and its tooth is engaged in the complementary with it groove of belt wheel 10, also thereby between

end section

4 and 5 is setting up a kind of coupled relation between

belt wheel

10 and 11 thus.Here end section 4 is fixed on the door 1 and is fixedly connected with it, and end section 5 have with end section 4 oriented opposite be fixed on the internal projections 14 of sidewall 3.In this case, lever 6 and a plane parallel of launching by the axis of

end section

4 and 5 are in door 1 orientation.By this orientation, be that odontoid belt 7 forms application points 12, here odontoid belt 7 acts on of belt wheel 10 on the side of door 1, and forms an application point 13, and here odontoid belt 7 acts on belt wheel 11 and faces on the side of door 1.Odontoid belt 7 is blocked by

end section

4 and 5 in this figure with the application point of

application point

12 and 13 complementations.Here, application point 12 and its complementation that is blocked point are on the not ipsilateral on the plane of launching by the axis of holding section 4 and 5.This is suitable for equally for application point 13 and the complementation point that is blocked thereof.Because the diameter of

belt wheel

10,11 is identical, so the distance of all application points from described plane all equates.

Door in Fig. 2 presentation graphs 1 has been in opening.During gyration from position shown in Figure 1 to position shown in Figure 2,

end section

4 and 5 in lever 6 ends around its axis revolution separately.Since

belt wheel

10 and 11 and its end section 4 separately and the design of 5 rigidity, odontoid belt 7 in described gyration process in

belt wheel

10 and 11 cocycles.Here, the traction section 8 upstream end sections 4 of odontoid belt 7 and traction section 9 upstream end sections 5.Because this motion,

application point

12 and 13 also moves along

belt wheel

10 and 11, so they are in the new position of representing among Fig. 2 on belt wheel 10 and 11.Their positions on

belt wheel

10 and 11 have been changed equally with the

application point

16 and 17 of

application point

12 and 13 complementations, so they can be in sight on represented position in Fig. 2.Application point 12 and application point 17 are in a side on described plane in this case, and

application point

13 and 16 is located at opposite side.By the operation of odontoid belt 7, on belt wheel 10, applied a moment of torsion around end section 4 axis.Because belt wheel 10 is fixedly mounted on the door 1 with the structure and the end section 4 of end section 4 rigidity, so this moment of torsion is further passed to door 1, thereby makes door 1 all keep it to be parallel to sidewall 3 orientations during the whole gyration and under the state after shown in Figure 2 the arranging.

Fig. 3 represents to have the hinge means 2 another kind of designs of knuckle lever 6.Lever 6 is L shaped in this design.Different with above-mentioned design, end section 5 is perpendicular to the direction orientation of end section 4.End section 5 is installed on one of sidewall 3 face vertical with 1.Knuckle place at lever 6 establishes deflecting roller 15, and the traction section 8 of

odontoid belt

7 and 9 is around its guiding.Therefore make odontoid belt 7 that the track that is parallel to lever 6 be arranged, this track makes odontoid belt can be installed in the inside of hollow lever 6.Here, the

application point

12,16 and 13,17 of

traction section

9 and 6 on

belt wheel

10 and 11 is on the not homonymy on the plane of being launched by the axis of

holding section

4 and 5 equally.

Fig. 4 represents to have the door 1 that has the hinge means 2 of knuckle lever 6 shown in Figure 3 and is in opening.The working method of this hinge means 2 during the gyration of lever 6, therefore consistent with the hinge means 2 that has illustrated referring to Fig. 1 and 2 here needn't repeat again.But as seen from Figure 4, the outstanding advantage of the lever 6 of knuckle is, the door 1 of unlatching is at the more close sidewall 3 of opening, and thereby discharged cross section, whole doorway in the sidewall 3.

Odontoid belt 7 can have query ground and replaces with the chain that is suitable for, for example toothed chain or roller chain, and the tooth of

wheel disc

10,11 that is designed to gear is engageable in their chain central spacer.

Fig. 5 represents to use by the suspension of hinge means 2 of the present invention as car occupant carriage back door 1.Car door 1 has a body in the known manner in its underpart district, it is made up of a metal sheet of can't see in this figure and the liner 28 towards passenger carriage direction orientation outside.Constitute the sipes 29 of a level in this liner, it extends near before the B pillar 30 from the seamed edge of door 1 contiguous C pillar always.Lever 6 major parts sink in the groove 29, and an end section 4 is fixedlyed connected with door 1, and another end section 5 is connected with the C pillar.It is to limit lever as far as possible to enter the raised area size in the passenger carriage that lever 6 is sunk to purposes in the groove 29, and this raised area makes locus for back-seat passengers' use in the side direction stenosis.

As being seen by Fig. 3 and 4, the shape of lever 6 knuckles is to be worth pursuing, and to reach door big as far as possible freedom of motion is arranged.But the lever of strong knuckle as can know judgement by Fig. 3, will insert automotive interior out and away, and this especially hinders the seat of direct neighbor in the car with this door 1.

By the sectional drawing of Fig. 6 as can be seen, avoid lever 6 owing to deflecting roller 15 is set crosses and far be advanced in the passenger carriage by Fig. 5,6 design, the odontoid belt 7 of lever 6 is twining deflecting roller 15.In the design of Fig. 4, two

traction sections

8,9 of odontoid belt 7 are in the both sides of deflecting roller 15 parallel guidance, make in lever 6 is hinged on long section on the door 1

traction section

8,9 see convergence each other from the belt pulley 10s and in by the design of Fig. 6, deflecting roller 15 orientated as, do not resemble and insert automotive interior the situation when traction section parallel guidance shown in Figure 4 so far so door is closed rear haulage section 9.Correspondingly, the shape of lever 6 shells also can less be given prominence to.

Because traction section 8 abuts on its deflecting roller 15 with its anodontia surface, so it there can be more crooked than traction section 9, tooth is always facing deflecting roller 15 and can contact with each other under undue crooked tempestuously situation in traction section 9.For preventing this result, for turning to of traction section 9 adopted two deflecting rollers 15.

If the spacing of tooth is enough big on odontoid belt 7, allowing also aggressive bend of traction section 9, but or odontoid belt replace such as flat link chain with the link chain of aggressive bend, can realize that then lever 6 less stretches into the design of automotive interior, shown in Fig. 6 a.The side that lever 6 faces door in the closed position have with situation shown in Figure 6 under identical shape.Certain two deflecting rollers 15 are displaced in the short section of the lever 6 that the belt pulley 11 that is fixed on the compartment is wherein arranged.6 knuckle direction restrains this fact from the belt pulley 10s towards lever for this point and two

traction section

8,9, allows lever at the height place of knuckle shape with a tight waist to be arranged, and reduces further that lever enters the degree that automotive interior exceeds when door is closed.

The lever of representing among Fig. 76 is consistent with lever shown in Figure 6 aspect the configuration of its size and

belt pulley

10,11 and deflecting roller 15.The difference of the lever of Fig. 7 and the lever of Fig. 6 has been a motor 31, and it is contained in lever 6 inner near pulley 10 and is between two

traction sections

8,9 of odontoid belt 7.Motor 31 is at first driver pinion 32 of its upper support, and the latter is engaged in the tooth of belt pulley 11 by an intermediate speed pinion 33.

First switch 34 of starting motor is contained on the sidewall of lever 6 shells, and described sidewall faces the inside of passenger carriage when door is in illustrated closed condition, and passengers can be clear that.By handling this switch 34, motor makes the rotation of pinion 32 clockwise directions, and therefore, arm is counterclockwise opened around belt pulley 11 revolutions and with door.Can know by Fig. 6 and to find out, can not be when door is in open mode near switch 34, so at second switch 35 in the location, place of lever shell near pulley 11, be used for along starting motor in the other direction, switch 35 also can be approaching when door is opened.

Press Fig. 9 and 10 described remodeling, motor 31 is positioned near the belt pulley 11, and is fixed on driver pinion 32 and 33 engagements of second pinion on it, and the latter is installed on the public axle with making one of traction section 9 deflecting rollers that turn to.This in Fig. 9 and 10 with 15 ' deflecting roller represented and remaining deflecting roller 15 its circumference that do not coexist is shaped on tooth, the tooth engagement of tooth and traction section 9 is in order to the driving force of motor 31 is passed to drag cable 7.The working method of this scheme is identical with the working method that has illustrated referring to Fig. 7 and 8.

Figure 11 represents to use another embodiment by hinge means of the present invention.Can see the schematic diagram in automotive front district with opened hood 16.Hood 16 is fixed on the automobile frame by the hinge means shown in Fig. 1 and 22.Based on hinge means 2, hood 16 is arranged abreast when opening and is occupied position shown in Figure 11 at the state of opening, this position with identical orientation is arranged in closing state.Correspondingly, this can be used for the luggage-boot lid of automobile 23 equally.

Replace as the odontoid belt 7 of expression in Fig. 1 to 4 and hold on the section, can hold

section

4,5 by transmission device and

belt wheel

10,11 couplings as shown in the enlarged drawing of 6 end region of lever among Figure 12 by acting on a

belt wheel

10,11 of

holding section

4,5 rotations to fixedly connected.Coaxially establish a gear 19 of fixedlying connected with belt wheel 10 in belt wheel 10, it with one with 20 engagements of end section 4 gears of fixedlying connected.Gear 19,20 plays transmission device, and it passes to end section 4 with moment of torsion from belt wheel 10.Transmission device has the gearratio greater than 1, that is to say that belt wheel 10 changes soon than end section 4.Therefore, in this design, odontoid belt 7 is inner than circulation more promptly in the lever at Fig. 1 to 4 at lever 6.The power of being transmitted by odontoid belt 7 thereby reduce is so the lever shell has less thickness just can reach the mechanical supporting capacity of lever 6 expectations.

If identical at the gearratio of lever two ends transmission device, it is parallel then being fixed on the characteristic of arranging of holding the door on the section 4 or covering.

Replace design shown in Figure 12, can be as in the lateral sectional view that schematically illustrates among Figure 13, wheel disc 10 also can be by an epicyclic train 24 and 4 couplings of end section.Wheel disc 10 is permanently connected with the central gear that is hollow wheel gear 25 rotations of epicyclic train 24 in this case.Hollow wheel gear 27 is fixedlyed connected with the shell of lever 6.Planetary gear 26 is fixed with central gear 25 engagements and by a pinion frame of fixedlying connected with 4 rotations of end section with hollow wheel gear 27.When end section 4 was turned round with respect to lever 6, planetary gear was in its track cocycle and meanwhile drive central gear 25 rotations.

As another example, Figure 14 represents that having one by automobile fans the section of the part of the wing door 21 that can upwards arrange, and wing door 21 is fixed on the automobile frame by hinge means 22 of the present invention by one in upper zone.The rotation of this hinge means is a level, so the motion of their control gates 21 perpendicular.Expression door 21 is in closed condition in Figure 14.Hinge means 22 has a long rocking lever 6.Because the length of lever 6, door 21 is as arranging far enough representing among Figure 15, to allow passenger loading.

List of numerals:

The door

2. hinge means

3. sidewall

4. hold section

5. hold section

6. lever

7. odontoid belt

8. hauling rope

9. hauling rope

10. wheel disc

11. wheel disc

12. application point

13. application point

14. projection

15. deflecting roller

16. application point

17. application point

18. hood

19. gear

20. gear

21. wing door

22. hinge means

23. automobile

24. epicyclic train

25. central gear

26. planetary gear

27. hollow wheel gear

28. liner

29. groove

30.B pillar

31. motor

32. pinion

33. intermediate speed pinion

34. switch

35. switch

Claims

1. hinge means (2,22), it comprises a lever (6), this lever (6) have two can be at its two ends respectively around the rotating end section (4 that is used to install this lever (6) of an axis, 5), it is characterized in that having two bodies (10,11) and two drag cables (8,9), each body and one the end section (4 of phase configuration with it wherein, 5) gyration is coupled can be respectively around rotation rotation, described two drag cables (8,9) then be in the application point (12 of the not homonymy on plane wherein respectively at described two axes of rotation, 13,16,17) act on described two bodies (10 on, 11) on.

2. according to the described hinge means of claim 1 (2,22), it is characterized by: described each body (10,11,27) is with end section (4,5) the rotation coupling of identical gearratio and each self-configuring; And described application point (12,13,16,17) has identical distance from described plane.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described hinge meanss (2,22), it is characterized by: the described drag cable (8,9) that at least one in the described body (10,11) is connected to each other together twines.

4. according to the described hinge means of claim 3 (2,22), it is characterized by: a winding face of described body (10,11) is circular or fan-shaped basically.

5. according to the described hinge means of claim 4 (2,22), it is characterized by: described body (10,11) is a gear.

6. according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim (2,22), it is characterized by: the axis of described each end section (4,5) overlaps with the rotation of the body (10,11) of each self-configuring.

7. according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim (2,22), it is characterized by: described drag cable (8,9) is interconnected into a closed hoop (7).

8. according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim (2), it is characterized by: described body (10,11) is rigidly connected with the end section (4,5) of each self-configuring.

9. according to the described hinge means of one of claim 1 to 7 (2,22), it is characterized by: described body (10,11) passes through a transmission device (19,20 with the end section (4,5) of each self-configuring; 24) connect.

10. according to the described hinge means of claim 9 (2,22), it is characterized by: described transmission device is an epicyclic train (24).

11. according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim (2,22), it is characterized by: described drag cable (8,9) is a chain.

12. according to the described hinge means of one of claim 1 to 11 (2,22), it is characterized by: described drag cable (8,9) is a belt.

13. according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim (2,22), it is characterized by: described lever (6) bends at least one angle.

14., it is characterized in that being provided for the tumbler (15) of drag cable (8,9) at described knuckle place according to the described hinge means of claim 13 (2,22).

15. according to the described hinge means of claim 14 (2,22), it is characterized by: described tumbler (15) is a roller.

16. according to claim 14 or 15 described hinge meanss (2,22), it is characterized by: described knuckle is divided into two sections that length is different with lever; And, be hinged on the direction convergence of drag cable (8,9) from end section (4) towards described knuckle on that section on the door (1) in two sections.

17. according to claim 14 or 15 described hinge meanss (2,22), it is characterized by: the outside drag cable (9) that extends on described lever (6) convex side is by two tumblers (15) guiding.

18. according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim (2,22), it is characterized by: described lever (6) is hollow, and described drag cable (8,9) and body (10,11) are contained in its inside.

19. according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim, it is characterized by: one is used to drive described end section and is fixed on this lever (6) with respect to the motor of lever (6) gyration.

20. according to the described hinge means of claim 19, it is characterized by: described motor has a pinion that is engaged on one of drag cable (8,9).

21. according to claim 19 and the described hinge means of claim 5, it is characterized by: described motor carries a pinion that is engaged on one of gear (10,11).

22. according to the described hinge means of one of claim 18 and claim 19 to 21, it is characterized by: described motor is contained in the described hollow lever (6).

23. a combined hinge device is characterized in that an axle, and is a plurality of according to the described hinge means of above-mentioned each claim (2,22) axle connection therewith.

A 24. door (1,21), it has according to the described hinge means of one of claim 1 to 18 (2,22) or has according to the described combined hinge device of claim 19, wherein, described each lever (6) is installed on this door (1,21) by its first end section (4,5) and becomes echelon to arrange by this way, that is, their first and second axis are overlapped respectively.

25. an automobile (23), it has according to the described door of claim 20 (1,21), and wherein, described each lever (6) is installed on the framework of this automobile (23) by its second end section (4,5).

26. according to the described automobile of claim 21, it is characterized by, described rotation is horizontal orientation.

27. according to the described automobile of claim 21, it is characterized by, described rotation is vertical orientation.

28. an automobile (23), it has a hood (18), this motor be covered with at least one according to the described hinge means of one of claim 1 to 18 (2,22) or one according to the described combined hinge device of claim 19.

29. an automobile (23), it has a car bonnet, be stamped behind this car at least one according to the described hinge means of one of claim 1 to 18 (2,22) or one according to the described combined hinge device of claim 19.