CN1790367B - Modulation and demodulation method for electronic label detection of RFID system - Google Patents
Modulation and demodulation method for electronic label detection of RFID system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1790367B CN1790367B CN 200510132857 CN200510132857A CN1790367B CN 1790367 B CN1790367 B CN 1790367B CN 200510132857 CN200510132857 CN 200510132857 CN 200510132857 A CN200510132857 A CN 200510132857A CN 1790367 B CN1790367 B CN 1790367B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electronic tag mod/demod method in the wireless RF identification system, which is characterized by the following: one frame head is affixed in the reader of wireless RF identification system to send the initiating order; the frame head contains separator, reference symbol1, reference symbol2, reference symbol3 and reference symbol4; the electronic tag frequency is f0 of native clock in the wireless RF identification system, which samples the received signal and counts each symbol length; the electronic tag measures the point number of reference symbol1, reference symbol2, reference symbol3 and reference symbol4; the electronic tag counts the received signal symbol '0' rate and '0' and '1' judgment threshold according to the relationship of reference symbol1 andreference symbol2, which counts the launched signal symbol rate according to the relationship of reference symbol3 and reference symbol4; the native information of electronic tag is returned to the reader according to the inversed diffusion elementary, which is based on the symbol rate of launched signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of corresponding downgoing signal detection, symbol judgement and up symbol that is applied to the specific downlink frame structure of electronic labelling system generates, relate in particular to a kind of modulation-demo-demodulation method that is used for the radio frequency identification system electronic tag.
Background technology
Radio frequency identification system (RFID) is a kind of contactless automatic identification technology, and its ultimate principle is to utilize the transport property of radiofrequency signal and space coupling (inductance or electromagnetic coupled), realizes by the automatic identification of certain objects.The RFID technology can trace back to during the World War II.Railway is arrived in development and application afterwards, the cargo tracking of army, even be applied in the pet identification.In over half a century in the past, the development of RFID has been experienced from technology exploration, and experimental study is used several important stages such as standardization foundation to commercial.From existing development trend, RFID will make up the bridge of virtual world and physical world.Can predict in the near future, the RFID technology not only can be widely adopted in all trades and professions, and final RFID technology will merge mutually with the general fit calculation technology, and human society is exerted far reaching influence.
Two parts of general electronic tag of radio frequency identification system and read write line are formed.From calendar year 2001 so far because the electronic tag cost constantly reduces, make application industry, application prospect constantly enlarge.The success or failure of entire RF ID industry of having we can say the electronic tag cost determination.Except that the cost factor, also to fully take into account the restriction of the size of electronic tag own, energy consumption.Therefore one of RFID ultimate challenge is how to reduce the design complexities of electronic tag.
As an end of two-way aerial communication system, in the circuit of electronic tag, modulation, coding and demodulation, decoder module are essential.So how under the situation of security function, reduce circuit scale and just become matter of utmost importance in the electronic tag circuit design.
Summary of the invention
At problems of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of downlink frame structure of radio frequency identification system electronic tag and method that corresponding downstream input, symbol judgement and up symbol generate of being applicable to.In the present invention, the definition read write line is a downlink to the Radio Link of electronic tag, and electronic tag is a up-link to the Radio Link of read write line.
According to the present invention, a kind of electronic tag modulation-demo-demodulation method that is used for radio frequency identification system is provided, described method comprises step:
(1) additional frame head when the read write line of described radio frequency identification system sends initialization command, described frame head comprises separator, reference symbol 1, reference symbol 2, reference symbol and reference symbol 4;
(2) producing frequency in the electronic tag of described radio frequency identification system is f
0Local clock, sample to received signal, and the sampling number on each symbol counted to measure the length of each symbol;
(3) described electronic tag measurement is at the C that counts of reference symbol 1, reference symbol 2, reference symbol 3 and reference symbol 4 up-samplings
Sym, C
RT, C
TR1, C
TR2
(4), calculate symbol ' 0 ' the speed S of described electronic tag received signal according to the relation of counting of reference symbol 1 and reference symbol 2 up-samplings
Sym' 0 ' ' 1 ' decision threshold C
Threshold
(5) according to the relation of counting of reference symbol 2 and reference symbol 3, reference symbol 4 up-samplings, calculate the character rate S that described electronic tag transmits
Tx
(6) according to backscattered principle, the character rate that transmits based on the electronic tag of described calculating returns the local information of electronic tag to described read write line.
Preferably, f
0=1.28MHz.
In the present invention, wherein said separator is that a segment length is the low amplitude carrier wave of 12.5 microseconds, and described reference symbol 1 is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is a fundamental length T by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
CSymbol, described reference symbol 2 (RT-1) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is 2.5 fundamental length T by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
CSymbol, described reference symbol 3 (TR-1) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is RT by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
1Symbol, described reference symbol 4 (TR-2) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is RT by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
2Symbol.
Preferably, described fundamental length T
CSetting can be 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds according to read write line.
Preferably, setting can be 0.256T to described PW according to read write line
CWith the big value in these two values of 2 microseconds.
Preferably, described RT
1Be 2.75T
c～6.5T
c, RT
2Be 0.5T
c～7.5T
c
Preferably, described receiving symbol speed and ' 0 ' ' 1 ' decision threshold are respectively: S
Sym=C
Sym/ f
0And C
Threshold=C
RT/ 2f
0
Preferably, step (4) also comprises step:
Calculate described decision threshold C
ThresholdAfter, the subsequent frame signal by trigger sampling and each symbol count, is made C with count results and described decision threshold
ThresholdRelatively, be ' 1 ' greater than decision threshold, be ' 0 ' less than decision threshold, thereby realize the demodulation of received signal.
Preferably, the character rate S that transmits of described electronic tag
Tx=f
0/ Δ, wherein Δ is a frequency dividing ratio.
Preferably, work as T in
CWhen length is respectively 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds,
Or
Preferably, in step (6), when described electronic tag returns local information, usage counter is controlled, described counter counts down to 0 load matched impedance according to an antenna rear end of back information change, thereby changes the amplitude of reflected signal, realizes the signal modulation.
Preferably, described counter is 5 digit counters, and the initial value that each counting injects is a Δ, and counter clock is f
0, wherein Δ is a frequency dividing ratio.
Preferably, when the local information of passback is ' 1 ', make antenna and antenna rear end load mismatch, when the local information of passback is ' 0 ', make antenna and antenna rear end load matched.
Preferably, the recurrent interval modulation is adopted in the descending modulation of described radio frequency identification system, the pulsewidth of symbol ' 1 ' is 1.5 times of pulsewidth of is-symbol ' 0 ' fixedly, and the pulsewidth of symbol ' 0 ' is 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds, and descending symbol mean speed is 128,64,32kbps.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, only need to separate mediation modulation, A/D and a series of functions such as D/A, decoding judgement and coding what electronic tag disposed that simple LNA, low-pass filter, frequency synthesizer, trigger, counter just can realize electronic tag.The technical program is simple in structure, complexity is low, is highly suitable in the rfid system to use.Compared with prior art, the frame structure that the present invention proposes and the modulation of corresponding system are finished in guarantee under the prerequisite of basic function, have simplified circuit complexity and scale greatly.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, subordinate list and with reference to embodiment the present invention is described, wherein:
Fig. 1 is according to symbolic construction synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is according to downlink frame structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the modulation handling principle block diagram according to invention.
Embodiment
According to the present invention, a kind of downlink frame structure and corresponding modulation-demo-demodulation method that is applicable to electronic labelling system is provided, described method comprises step:
(1) additional special frame head when the masters-read write line of described rfid system sends initialization command comprises separator (Delimiter), reference symbol 1 (SYMBOL), reference symbol 2 (RT-1), reference symbol 3 (TR-1) and reference symbol 4 (TR-2);
(2) passive side-label at described rfid system produces f
0The local clock of=1.28MHz after amplification, the low pass, carries out sample count and symbol lengths counting respectively by a trigger and a counter to received signal;
(3) add up the C that counts respectively at reference symbol 1 (SYMBOL), reference symbol 2 (RT-1), reference symbol 3 (TR-1) and reference symbol 4 (TR-2) up-sampling
Sym, C
RT, C
TR1, C
TR2
(4) utilize the relation of counting of reference symbol 1 (SYMBOL) and reference symbol 2 (RT-1) up-sampling to calculate symbol ' 0 ' the speed S of electronic tag received signal
Sym' 0 ' ' 1 ' decision threshold C
Threshold
(5) utilize the relation of counting of reference symbol 2 (RT-1) and reference symbol 3 (TR-1), reference symbol 4 (TR-2) up-sampling to calculate the character rate S that electronic tag transmits
Tx
(6), incident wave is launched back read write line by calculating the character rate that electronic tag transmits according to backscattering (Backscatter) principle.
In the present invention, modulating, separate timing reception, the estimation of emission character rate and specific descending frame head of definite dependence of demodulation decision threshold realizes.The recurrent interval modulation is adopted in wherein descending modulation, and the pulsewidth of symbol ' 1 ' is 1.5 times of pulsewidth of is-symbol ' 0 ' fixedly, and the pulsewidth of symbol ' 0 ' has three kinds: 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds.Then descending symbol mean speed is 128,64,32kbps.Fig. 1 is the symbolic construction synoptic diagram that adopts in downlink according to the present invention.AM modulation, character rate 40～640kbps are adopted in up modulation.Up character rate is defined by the length of read write line by reference symbol 3 (TR-1) in the frame head of downlink and reference symbol 4 (TR-2).Table 1 shows the RT that the present invention adopts
1, RT
2Length and passback character rate mapping table, wherein read write line is by regulating RT
1, RT
2Length is provided with the passback character rate.
| Frequency (unit: KHz) | RT 1(unit: T C) | RT 2(unit: T C) |
| 640 | 2.75 | 2.5 |
| 427 | 2.75 | 3.5 |
| 320 | 2.75 | 4.5 |
| 256 | 2.75 | 5.5 |
| 213 | 2.75 | 6.5 |
| 183 | 2.75 | 7.5 |
| 160 | 3.5 | 0.5 |
| 142 | 3.5 | 1.5 |
| 128 | 3.5 | 2.5 |
| Frequency (unit: KHz) | RT 1(unit: T C) | RT 2(unit: T C) |
| 116 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| 106 | 3.5 | 4.5 |
| 98 | 3.5 | 5.5 |
| 91 | 3.5 | 6.5 |
| 85 | 3.5 | 7.5 |
| 80 | 4.5 | 0.5 |
| 75 | 4.5 | 1.5 |
| 71 | 4.5 | 2.5 |
| 67 | 4.5 | 3.5 |
| 64 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
| 61 | 4.5 | 5.5 |
| 58 | 4.5 | 6.5 |
| 56 | 4.5 | 7.5 |
| 53 | 5.5 | 0.5 |
| 51 | 5.5 | 1.5 |
| 49 | 5.5 | 2.5 |
| 47 | 5.5 | 3.5 |
| 46 | 5.5 | 4.5 |
| 44 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| 43 | 5.5 | 6.5 |
| 41 | 5.5 | 7.5 |
| 40 | 6.5 | 0.5 |
Table 1
Fig. 2 is the particular frame header structure synoptic diagram that adopts at downlink according to of the present invention, and it transmits before being attached to the down initial command frame.This frame head comprises separator (Delimiter), reference symbol 1 (SYMBOL), reference symbol 2 (RT-1), reference symbol 3 (TR-1) and reference symbol 4 (TR-2).Separator (Delimiter) is that a segment length is the low amplitude carrier wave of 12.5 microseconds.Reference symbol 1 (SYMBOL) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is a fundamental length T by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
CSymbol.Reference symbol 2 (RT-1) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is 2.5 fundamental length T by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
CSymbol.Reference symbol 3 (TR-1) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is RT by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
1Symbol.Reference symbol 4 (TR-2) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is RT by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
2Symbol.
Fig. 3 is the modulation handling principle figure block diagram that the present invention advises.Electronic tag produces f
0The local clock of=1.28MHz is sampled, is counted by trigger after amplification, the low pass to received signal.Measurement is at the C that counts of reference symbol 1 (SYMBOL) up-sampling
SymObtain the data rate of receiving symbol:
S
Sym=C
Sym/ f
0[formula 1]
The CRT that counts of witness mark symbol 2 (RT-1) up-sampling utilizes the relation of counting of reference symbol 1 (SYMBOL) and reference symbol 2 (RT-1) up-sampling to calculate ' 0 ' ' 1 ' decision threshold C
Threshold:
C
Threshold=C
RT/ 2f
0[formula 2]
After obtaining decision threshold, the subsequent frame signal by trigger sampling, every symbol count, being made comparisons count results and decision threshold, be ' 1 ' to be ' 0 ' less than decision threshold greater than decision threshold, thus the demodulation of realization received signal.
The C that counts of witness mark symbol 3 (TR-1) up-sampling
TR1The C that counts with reference symbol 4 (TR-2) up-sampling
TR2Utilize the relation of counting of reference symbol 2 (RT-1) and reference symbol 3 (TR-1), reference symbol 4 (TR-2) up-sampling to calculate the character rate S that electronic tag transmits
TxThe character rate that electronic tag transmits is:
S
Tx＝f
0/Δ。[formula 3]
Wherein Δ is a frequency dividing ratio, works as T
CWhen length is respectively 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds:
Or
In side circuit, use two counters: 8 C
TR1Counter and 9 C
TR2Counter comes counting of statistical-reference symbol 3 (TR-1), reference symbol 4 (TR-2) up-sampling.A counter high position and frequency dividing ratio have direct relation, and table 2 shows the RT that the present invention adopts
1, RT
2Measure length and return character rate and divide the frequency mapping table, wherein label is by measure R T
1, RT
2Length is provided with the frequency dividing ratio Δ, passback character rate=f
0/ Δ.
Table 2
According to backscattering (Backscatter) principle, incident wave is launched back read write line by calculating the character rate that electronic tag transmits.Back information makes antenna and antenna rear end load mismatch when being ' 1 ', back information makes antenna and antenna rear end load matched when being ' 0 '.During electronic tag passback response, use a counter Counter to control, Counter counts down to 0 and changes the amplitude of reflected signal according to an antenna matching impedance of back information change with this, realizes the signal modulation.Counter Counter is 5 digit counters, and the initial value that each counting injects is a Δ, and counter clock is f
0
Claims (14)
1. electronic tag modulation-demo-demodulation method that is used for radio frequency identification system, described method comprises step:
(1) additional frame head when the read write line of described radio frequency identification system sends initialization command, described frame head comprises separator, reference symbol 1, reference symbol 2, reference symbol and reference symbol 4;
(2) producing frequency in the electronic tag of described radio frequency identification system is f
0Local clock, sample to received signal, and the sampling number on each symbol counted to measure the length of each symbol;
(3) described electronic tag measurement is at the C that counts of reference symbol 1, reference symbol 2, reference symbol 3 and reference symbol 4 up-samplings
Sym, C
RT, C
TR1, C
TR2
(4), calculate symbol ' 0 ' the speed S of described electronic tag received signal according to the relation of counting of reference symbol 1 and reference symbol 2 up-samplings
Sym' 0 ' ' 1 ' decision threshold C
Threshold
(5) according to the relation of counting of reference symbol 2 and reference symbol 3, reference symbol 4 up-samplings, calculate the character rate S that described electronic tag transmits
Tx
(6) according to backscattered principle, the character rate that transmits based on the electronic tag of described calculating returns the local information of electronic tag to described read write line.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein f
0=1.28MHz.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein said separator are that a segment length is the low amplitude carrier wave of 12.5 microseconds, and described reference symbol 1 is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is a fundamental length T by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
CSymbol, described reference symbol 2 (RT-1) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is 2.5 fundamental length T by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
CSymbol, described reference symbol 3 (TR-1) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is RT by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
1Symbol, described reference symbol 4 (TR-2) is to be that the length overall that the low amplitude carrier wave of PW constitutes is RT by one a section high-amplitude carrier wave and a segment length
2Symbol.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein said fundamental length T
CSetting can be 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds according to read write line.
5. method according to claim 3, wherein said PW is set to 0.256T according to read write line
CWith the maximal value in two values of 2 microseconds.
6. method according to claim 3, wherein said RT
1Be 2.75T
c～6.5T
c, RT
2Be 0.5T
c～7.5T
c
7. method according to claim 1, wherein said receiving symbol speed and ' 0 ' ' 1 ' decision threshold are respectively: S
Sym=C
Sym/ f
0And C
Threshold=C
RT/ 2f
0
8. method according to claim 1, wherein step (4) also comprises step:
Calculate described decision threshold C
ThresholdAfter, the subsequent frame signal by trigger sampling and each symbol count, is made C with count results and described decision threshold
ThresholdRelatively, be ' 1 ' greater than decision threshold, be ' 0 ' less than decision threshold, thereby realize the demodulation of received signal.
9. method according to claim 1, the character rate S that wherein said electronic tag transmits
Tx=f
0/ Δ, wherein Δ is a frequency dividing ratio.
10. method according to claim 9 is wherein worked as T
CWhen length is respectively 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds,
Or
11. method according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), when described electronic tag returns local information, usage counter is controlled, described counter counts down to 0 impedance that changes an antenna load according to back information, thereby change the amplitude of reflected signal, realize the signal modulation.
12. method according to claim 11, wherein said counter are 5 digit counters, the initial value that each counting injects is a Δ, and counter clock is f
0, wherein Δ is a frequency dividing ratio.
13. want 11 described methods according to right, when wherein Hui Chuan local information is ' 1 ', make antenna and antenna rear end load mismatch, when the local information of passback is ' 0 ', make antenna and antenna rear end load matched.
14. method according to claim 2, the recurrent interval modulation is adopted in the descending modulation of wherein said radio frequency identification system, the pulsewidth of symbol ' 1 ' is 1.5 times of pulsewidth of is-symbol ' 0 ' fixedly, and the pulsewidth of symbol ' 0 ' is 6.25 microseconds, 12.5 microseconds or 25 microseconds, and descending symbol mean speed is 128,64 or 32kbps.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510132857 CN1790367B (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Modulation and demodulation method for electronic label detection of RFID system |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200510132857 CN1790367B (en) | 2005-12-28 | 2005-12-28 | Modulation and demodulation method for electronic label detection of RFID system |
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| CN1790367B true CN1790367B (en) | 2010-08-25 |
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| TWI334576B (en) * | 2006-12-05 | 2010-12-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Method and system for reading rfid tags |
| US7667574B2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-02-23 | Corning Cable Systems, Llc | Signal-processing systems and methods for RFID-tag signals |
| CN102567696A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-11 | 北京中电华大电子设计有限责任公司 | Method for calculating time interval for ultrahigh-frequency electronic tag to respond to reader |
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