CN1787115A - First wall part coated with thick wolfram coat or copper alloy heat sink and mfg. method thereof - Google Patents
First wall part coated with thick wolfram coat or copper alloy heat sink and mfg. method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1787115A CN1787115A CNA2005100951563A CN200510095156A CN1787115A CN 1787115 A CN1787115 A CN 1787115A CN A2005100951563 A CNA2005100951563 A CN A2005100951563A CN 200510095156 A CN200510095156 A CN 200510095156A CN 1787115 A CN1787115 A CN 1787115A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a first wall part or copper alloy heat sink sprayed with thick W coating and the making method thereof, composed by in turn adopting vacuum plasma to spray adaptive layer and W coating on the surface of the copper alloy, where the copper alloy acts as a heat sink material, the adaptive layer is of NiCrAl material, the W coating acts as a plasma facing material, the thickness of the adaptive layer is controlled within 0.5 mm, the central temperature of the spraying plasma arc is 12000K-15000K and the speed of the plasma arc is 400 m/s -500 m/s, the average grain size of the W powder is 2 mm-5 mm, the coating thickness is about 2 mm, the coating density is 85%-95% of the body material, the oxygen content is controlled at 0.06%-0.15%, and in the whole spraying course, the substrate temperature needs controlling at below 500 deg.C by active water cooling. The invention solves the key difficult problem of large-area connection between the two materials and can stably bear the long-time action of thermal load of 5 MW/m2 -10 MW/m2 on the active cooling condition, able to be widely applied to high-thermal load parts of a nuclear fusion tester, such as polarizing filter target plate and limiter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the first wall parts (heat sink parts) of nuclear fusion device, is vacuum plasma spray thick tungsten coating and preparation method thereof on a kind of copper alloy heat sink specifically.
Background technology
The construction that is about to along with international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor ITER, research be fit to ITER and from now on fusion reactor require in the face of plasma material (PFM) is focus, difficult point and the forward position research topic of present fusion research, be to be directly connected to the problem that can fusion reactor from now on be realized.
Through research for many years, present generally acknowledged and alternative plasma material of facing mainly contains the tungsten of high Z (atomic number) and (C, the Be) of low Z.Wherein low Z material improves and represent in energy three products (neTe * τ E) raising of fusion progress and played considerable effect in plasma properties.Carbon-based material (CBM) is with its low Z, good hot physics and mechanical property and be widely used in the big-and-middle-sized tokamak device so far.Lose for higher physical sputtering, chemical sputtering and radiation enhancing distillation that CBM produces owing to the particle bombardment of lotus energy, first wall is reduced serviceable life, and plasma core impurity level is raise, more main is with ITER in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus of future generation based on the D+T reaction that is representative, deposit device economy and safe operation problem that the high tritium hold-up in the carbon-coating is caused again, make CBM be subjected to considerable restraint as the possibility that following fusion reactor PFM uses.ITER has selected for use tungsten as main divertor target plate material, and with the C/C compound substance as remainder, if the high tritium retention problems that deposits again in the carbon-coating can not get fine solution,, just might adopt tungsten as the whole divertor target plate of ITER material in the ITER later stage deuterium tritium operation phase.Low Z material is for fusion reactor first wall from now on, and its life-span is too short.Use low Z material (C, Be) will be fallen more than the 3mm by sputtering etching every year; And the annual sputtering etching yield of high Z tungsten is less than 0.1mm, once calculates if first wall was changed with per 5 years, and it always corrodes yield and also is no more than 0.5mm.Obviously is a good selection with high Z tungsten and alloy thereof as PFM, is Be even the present first wall material of ITER device is fixed tentatively, and is its reservation schemes but adopt tungsten in its later stage deuterium, tritium operation phase as first wall and startup limiter material.Therefore for steady-state operation fusion reactor from now on, be about to become history with low Z material as PFM, high Z tungsten will become most promising candidate wall material.
For high power, steady-state operation fusion facility, shifting out in real time of high heat load is the necessary condition of first wall safe operation, and this is not only to PFM, and it has been proposed harsh requirement with heat sink being connected.Tungsten normal temperature subordinate fragility, processing and use inconvenience, the particularly thermal expansivity of tungsten and copper alloy heat sink to differ big (more than 4 times), this has brought suitable difficulty to tungsten base first wall material system function is integrated.ITER divertor target plate project has developed on copper alloy heat sink by the active metal pure copper layer of casting, process waits static pressure or electron beam welding etc. to realize that tungsten bar (Rod), layer (Lamellar) and brush three conceptions of species such as (Macrobrush) are connected again, this complex process and cost are very high, are difficult to large tracts of land and use.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will provide a kind of first wall parts (copper alloy heat sink) that are coated with thick tungsten coating and preparation method thereof, adopt tungsten coating as in the face of the plasma component materials, can be widely applied on the divertor target plate and the contour heat-loaded component of limiter of nuclear fusion experimental device.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Be coated with first wall parts or copper alloy heat sink in the nuclear fusion device of thick tungsten coating, it is characterized in that: be to adopt vacuum plasma spray adaptation layer, tungsten coating to constitute successively at copper alloy surface, aldary is as heat sink material, adaptation layer is the NiCrAl material, and tungsten coating is as facing plasma material.
Described first wall parts or copper alloy heat sink is characterized in that: adaptation layer thickness is the 0.1-0.5 millimeter, tungsten coating 1-3 millimeter, and aldary adopts the CuCrZr alloy.
Be coated with the first wall parts in the nuclear fusion device of thick tungsten coating or the method for making of copper alloy heat sink, it is characterized in that: in vacuum plasma spray equipment, adopt the CuCrZr alloy heat sink as substrate, on substrate, adopt vacuum plasma spray 200-300 purpose NiCrAl powder as middle adaptation layer, on adaptation layer, adopt the vacuum plasma spray tungsten powder as thick tungsten coating again, adopt initiatively water-cooled in the whole spraying process, the temperature of substrate is controlled at 100-500 ℃.
Described method for making, it is characterized in that substrate after the vacuum plasma transferred arc cleans, spraying NiCrAl powder is as middle adaptation layer, the adaptation layer THICKNESS CONTROL is at the 0.1-0.5 millimeter, and spraying tungsten plasma arcs central temperature is at 12000～15000K, and plasma arcs speed is at 400～500m/s, the tungsten powder mean grain size is at 2～5 microns, tungsten coating density is controlled at 85～95% of body material, and Control for Oxygen Content is 0.06～0.15% in the tungsten coating, and tungsten coating thickness is in 2 millimeter.
Fusion reactor from now on should be steady-state operation, and realize that the necessary condition of steady-state operation is: can shift out the thermal load that is deposited on the first wall in real time, the thermoflux of its high heat load parts can reach 5～10MW/m usually
2The fusing point of tungsten is the highest in all metals, tungsten has been reaffirmed to be most promising candidate's wall material in the fusion reactor from now on, but tungsten coating is polluted, damage to its normal temperature subordinate fragility, also as the performance of facing plasma material by impurity easily at easily oxidation in the process.The CuCrZr alloy has very high thermal conductivity, and good thermodynamics and mechanical property are desirable heat sink materials.But the elastic modulus of tungsten and aldary and thermal expansivity (more than 4 times) differ bigger, how to realize that the large tracts of land of such two kinds of very big materials of performance difference connects, and be quite thorny.
The present invention selects 0.5 millimeters thick NiCrAl adaptation layer for use by the material property optimal design, can solve the residual stress problems between tungsten and the copper alloy heat sink effectively, makes tungsten coating when bearing the stable state high heat load, and its life-span can access the expection requirement; The tungsten coating of vacuum plasma spray, its even structure, densification, objectionable impurities wherein (as oxygen) can be well controlled, and its combination property can satisfy the high requirement in the face of plasma material.
Promptly enough for national big science engineering EAST divertor target plate, ITER later stage and fusion reactor first wall 2～3mm will be thick from now on tungsten watt life-span, thus the present invention directly the thick film tungsten coating by vacuum plasma spray fully can engineering demands on copper alloy heat sink.
The technology of the present invention spraying is controlled at substrate temperature below 500 ℃ under the situation of water flowing cooling, can suppress in the coating tungsten grain so preferably and grow up and reduce residual stresses in coatings; By the material property optimal design, select for use 0.5 millimeter NiCrAl as middle adaptation layer, can solve the residual stress problems after the big material of two kinds of performance differences connects preferably, make coat system when bearing the stable state high heat load, the requirement that its life-span obtains expecting; Using plasma arc central temperature is at 12000～15000K, plasma arcs speed is at 400～500m/s, can realize well that average powder diameter is in the spraying of 2～5 microns tungsten, under the situation of strictness control impurity and atmosphere, oxygen content can be controlled in 0.06～0.15% scope in the coating, and the coating density of realization is 85～95% of a body material.Such tungsten coating function admirable in the experiment of active heat of cooling load, can be born to stable state 5～10MW/m
2The long term of thermal load.This kind technology is simple relatively, reliable, but and widespread use up till now on nuclear fusion experimental device divertor target plate and the contour heat-loaded component of limiter.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, at first the CuCrZr alloy is processed into 100 * 30 * 20 millimeters square, be defined as the center of circle in center from 10 millimeters of upper surfaces, making a call to a diameter by depth drill is 10 millimeters circular hole, the both sides water pipe connecting of burn-oning respectively.After processing such as process on such substrate surface sandblasts, be installed on the vacuum plasma spray equipment, the water pipe and the chilled water at two ends connect, and the face that will spray again after vacuumizing cleans through transferred arc, and needing to adopt initiatively in the spraying process, water-cooled is controlled at substrate temperature below 500 ℃ always.
In spraying process, at first spray 300 purpose NiCrAl powder as middle adaptation layer, the adaptation layer THICKNESS CONTROL is in 0.5 millimeter; Spray tungsten powder again as facing plasma material, spraying plasma arcs central temperature is at 12000～15000K, and plasma arcs speed is at 400～500m/s, and the tungsten powder mean grain size is at 2 ~ 5 microns, coating thickness is in 2 millimeter, and coating density is 85～95% of a body material; Control for Oxygen Content is in 0.06～0.15% scope in the coating.
During use, two water pipes of the present invention are connected respectively on the built-in chilled water of vacuum plasma spray equipment, copper alloy heat sink is directly installed on the support structure.After the water flowing cooling, just can be relievedly as using on the high heat load parts of fusion assay device in the face of the plasma parts.
Claims (4)
1. be coated with the first wall parts or the copper alloy heat sink of thick tungsten coating, it is characterized in that: be to adopt vacuum plasma spray adaptation layer, tungsten coating to constitute successively at copper alloy surface, aldary is as heat sink material, and adaptation layer is the NiCrAl material, and tungsten coating is as facing plasma material.
2. first wall parts according to claim 1 or copper alloy heat sink is characterized in that: adaptation layer thickness is the 0.1-0.5 millimeter, tungsten coating 1-3 millimeter, and aldary adopts the CuCrZr alloy.
3. be coated with the first wall parts of thick tungsten coating or the method for making of copper alloy heat sink, it is characterized in that: in vacuum plasma spray equipment, adopt the CuCrZr alloy heat sink as substrate, on substrate, adopt vacuum plasma spray 200-300 purpose NiCrAl powder as middle adaptation layer, on adaptation layer, adopt the vacuum plasma spray tungsten powder as thick tungsten coating again, adopt initiatively water-cooled in the whole spraying process, the temperature of substrate is controlled at 100-500 ℃.
4. method for making according to claim 3, it is characterized in that substrate after the vacuum plasma transferred arc cleans, spraying NiCrAl powder is as middle adaptation layer, the adaptation layer THICKNESS CONTROL is at the 0.1-0.5 millimeter, spraying tungsten plasma arcs central temperature is at 12000～15000K, plasma arcs speed is at 400～500m/s, the tungsten powder mean grain size is at 2～5 microns, tungsten coating density is controlled at 85～95% of body material, Control for Oxygen Content is 0.06～0.15% in the tungsten coating, and tungsten coating thickness is in 2 millimeter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100951563A CN100367414C (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2005-10-27 | First wall part coated with thick wolfram coat or copper alloy heat sink and mfg. method thereof |
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| CNB2005100951563A CN100367414C (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2005-10-27 | First wall part coated with thick wolfram coat or copper alloy heat sink and mfg. method thereof |
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| CN1787115A true CN1787115A (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| CN100367414C CN100367414C (en) | 2008-02-06 |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101845578A (en) * | 2010-05-15 | 2010-09-29 | 徐州工程学院 | First wall part made of doped tungsten-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN101717910B (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-12-14 | 广州有色金属研究院 | Method for preparing copper-base tungsten coating through compounded process of laser and thermal spraying |
| CN102520125A (en) * | 2011-12-17 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Plasma facing experimental part with reference corner structure |
| CN101567225B (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-08-29 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | first wall part with wolfram coat having grid structure |
| CN102922815A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Water-cooled flat plate layered CuCrZr/OFHC-Cu/CVD-W plasma-facing part and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104409107A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Superconducting magnetic confinement fusion reactor fast thermal neutron coupled water-cooled tritium production solid cladding layer |
| CN108320816A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of tungsten substrate nickel packet boron carbide coating cooling structure of high heat resistance load |
| CN109961856A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | It is a kind of to prevent from facing excessively high the first wall of nuclear fusion of plasma part temperature directly |
| CN113963816A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Combined first wall structure suitable for high field side of tokamak device |
| CN117038116A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | Anti-debonding divertor assembly based on tungsten and copper interface connection mode |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4659540A (en) * | 1979-11-26 | 1987-04-21 | General Electric Company | Composite construction for nuclear fuel containers |
| JPS6318290A (en) * | 1986-07-10 | 1988-01-26 | 株式会社東芝 | Control member for nuclear fusion device |
| JP2000075073A (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-14 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | First wall of fusion device |
-
2005
- 2005-10-27 CN CNB2005100951563A patent/CN100367414C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101567225B (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-08-29 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | first wall part with wolfram coat having grid structure |
| CN101717910B (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-12-14 | 广州有色金属研究院 | Method for preparing copper-base tungsten coating through compounded process of laser and thermal spraying |
| CN101845578A (en) * | 2010-05-15 | 2010-09-29 | 徐州工程学院 | First wall part made of doped tungsten-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102520125B (en) * | 2011-12-17 | 2014-09-10 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Plasma facing experimental part with reference corner structure |
| CN102520125A (en) * | 2011-12-17 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Plasma facing experimental part with reference corner structure |
| CN102922815B (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2015-02-04 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Water-cooled flat plate layered CuCrZr/OFHC-Cu/CVD-W plasma-facing part and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102922815A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Water-cooled flat plate layered CuCrZr/OFHC-Cu/CVD-W plasma-facing part and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104409107A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-11 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Superconducting magnetic confinement fusion reactor fast thermal neutron coupled water-cooled tritium production solid cladding layer |
| CN109961856A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | It is a kind of to prevent from facing excessively high the first wall of nuclear fusion of plasma part temperature directly |
| CN108320816A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of tungsten substrate nickel packet boron carbide coating cooling structure of high heat resistance load |
| CN113963816A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Combined first wall structure suitable for high field side of tokamak device |
| CN113963816B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-08-18 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Combined first wall structure suitable for high-field side of tokamak device |
| CN117038116A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | Anti-debonding divertor assembly based on tungsten and copper interface connection mode |
| CN117038116B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2024-02-06 | 中国科学技术大学 | Anti-debonding divertor assembly based on tungsten and copper interface connection mode |
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