CN1785034A - Method for increasing marbling quality grade of beef - Google Patents
Method for increasing marbling quality grade of beef Download PDFInfo
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- CN1785034A CN1785034A CNA2004100966460A CN200410096646A CN1785034A CN 1785034 A CN1785034 A CN 1785034A CN A2004100966460 A CNA2004100966460 A CN A2004100966460A CN 200410096646 A CN200410096646 A CN 200410096646A CN 1785034 A CN1785034 A CN 1785034A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
A method for improving the marble pattern class of beef features that the feed of beef cattle, whose contents of VA and carrotene are lower than the standard (2200 IU/kg) is applied to the beef cattle for more than 90 days to increase the content of intramuscular fat by 90.6-280.3%, so improving the marble pattern by one class.
Description
One technical field
The present invention relates to increases intramuscular fat content in the beef cattle beef by changing the content of vitamin A and carrotene in the feed, improves beef marbling grade, belongs to the technical field of nutrition regulation beef quality.
Two background technologies
Beef high protein, low fat meet the requirement that people pursue nutrition, health care, and be very high at the western developed country consumption figure.Raising in China along with people's living standard, beef particularly top grade beef consumption figure present the impetus of quick growth always, but top grade beef is because the production cycle is long, production cost and specification requirement height, serious always dependence on import.
It is relevant with Animal lipid metabolism to have reported vitamin A abroad very early.Its acceptor of one of the member of vitamin A family retinoic acid structurally belongs to same super family with steroid hormone receptor and Thyroid Hormone Receptors, and steroid hormone and thyroid hormone and fat metabolism are closely related.Cell in vitro is cultivated and is shown that vitamin A can change and the differentiation and the maturation of beef fat cell.In Japan the investigation with Niu Jinhang is shown that also the concentration of vitamin A in the blood and the marbling grade of beef are remarkable negative correlation.Because the vitamin A utilization rate of adding in the daily ration is subjected to the influence of carotene carotene content in the daily ration very big,, can't determine the amount of the actual obtainable vitamin A of beef cattle if do not consider the content of carrotene in the feed at all.Also accurately do not study vitamin A to other index influence report of beef marbling grade, intramuscular fat content and beef both at home and abroad, yet do not improve the beef intramuscular fat content, improve marbling grade and do not influence the patent of beef cattle health both at home and abroad by vitamin A in the regulation feedstuff and carotene carotene content by feed regulation and control vitamin A and carotene carotene content.
The present invention is directed to above technology to improve intramuscular fat content in the beef, to improve marbling grade and safeguard that beef cattle health is target, a kind of rational feed modulator approach is provided, as reducing production costs, improve beef marbling grade, the key technology of production top grade beef.Adopt the highest longissimus dorsi muscle intramuscular fat content 90.6% that improves of this method, marbling improves one more than the grade, improves gluteus medius intramuscular fat content 280.3%.
Three summary of the invention
A kind of method of improving beef marbling grade, it is characterized in that in beef ox fattening feed, using and be lower than the vitamin A of beef cattle trophic level recommended amounts (2200IU/ kilogram of feed dry) and the content of carrotene, feed more than 90 days, can significantly increase the content of intramuscular fat in the muscle, improving the marbling grade in beef 12-13 intercostal longissimus dorsi muscle cross section, is that the ratio of fatty percentage of liveweight in waterpower, beef nutritional labeling, the pelvic cavity has no significant effect to weightening finish, feedstuff-meat ratio, beef color and luster, beef oxidation resistance, the beef of beef cattle.Adopt this experimental basis daily ration (seeing Table 1), change the vitamin A addition, the test of fattening with 32 12 monthly ages and 16 24 monthly age limousin cows and Luxi Yellow cattle first-filial generation shows, the highest longissimus dorsi muscle intramuscular fat content 90.6% that improves, marbling improves one more than the grade, improves gluteus medius intramuscular fat content 280.3%.
The basal diet that table 1 the present invention adopts
| Corn | Cottonseed cake | Salt | Sodium bicarbonate | Mineral matter | Wheat Straw |
| 27.8％ | 9.8％ | 0.4％ | 0.4％ | 1.6％ | 60％ |
1 technical problem to be solved by this invention
Top grade beef is long owing to the production cycle, production cost height, the serious always dependence on import of China.Therefore, seek a kind of rational nourishing regulate and control technique and method, reduce the top grade beef production cost, shorten the production cycle, extremely important.Existing investigation shows that the content of vitamin A in the beef cattle blood and beef marbling grade are remarkable negative correlation, but cross low vitamin A and can have a strong impact on beef cattle health, vitamin A is the vitamin that need add in cattle feed of generally acknowledging in the world at present, the addition that China and U.S.'s beef cattle trophic level are recommended is every kilogram of feed dry 2200 international units, the external trend that also has addition continuation raising.Simultaneously because the beef cattle liver has the ability of very strong storage vitamin A, therefore control vitamin A addition suitable in the feed, make the blood vitamin A content be controlled at proper level, both guaranteed beef cattle health, it is extremely important to improve beef marbling grade again.
2 technical schemes that address the above problem
For addressing the above problem, key is a suitable vitamins A addition in the control daily ration.By reducing the addition of vitamin A in the cattle feed significantly, control the content of carrotene in the feed simultaneously, make vitamin A in the feed can in the long time, guarantee the health of beef cattle, can increase substantially the content of intramuscular fat again, improve marbling grade.
The technical program is very simple and practical, main method is at first to determine the kind of kind, particularly roughage of the feedstuff of beef cattle, if roughage is adopted high quality forage, adopt the method for exposure in sunshine to make hay, in beef ox fattening feed, do not add or add on a small quantity vitamin A; If roughage is forage grasses inferior such as corn stalk, Wheat Straw, then the content with the vitamin A in the cattle feed additive is reduced to below the trophic level recommended amounts (2200IU/ kilogram of feed dry); The quantity control that vitamin A adds in other roughage feed also is being controlled at below the trophic level recommended amounts.Avoid using fresh high quality forage as far as possible.If carotene carotene content in the strict limiting feed of feed period does not add vitamin A simultaneously, the time is advisable to be no more than 180 days.
3 advantage of the present invention and beneficial effects
Improve the intramuscular fat content in the beef as far as possible under the prerequisite that does not influence the healthy and little amplitude increase of beef cattle production cost, improve marbling grade, this is the key of production top grade beef.Advantage of the present invention is simple, practical, can also reduce production costs, and does not influence the health of beef cattle simultaneously.Adopt technical thought of the present invention to compare with normal diet, the highest longissimus dorsi muscle (commercial west by name the is cold) intramuscular fat content 90.6% that improves, marbling improves one more than the grade, improves gluteus medius intramuscular fat content 280.3%.Other production performance and beef quality index to beef cattle do not have harmful effect simultaneously.
The present invention improves the marbling grade aspect and obtains outstanding effect, and can reduce feed cost improving the beef intramuscular fat content, and method is simple and practical, has broad application prospects in top grade beef is produced.
Four specific embodiment
The present invention can use the different time the beef cattle of all ages and classes section.
Embodiment 1.
Select the sharp wood at about 350 kilograms of 12 monthly ages, body weight to praise and 16 of Luxi Yellow cattle first-filial generation bullocks in a beef cattle plant, be divided into three groups of invention daily ration 1, invention daily ration 2 and common daily rations by RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, daily ration is formed and is seen Table 1.1 group of feed vitamin A of invention daily ration addition is 0, and 2 groups of feed vitamin As of invention daily ration addition is every kilogram of feed dry 1100 international units, and common daily ration group is pressed trophic level and added.The feed amount of feeding is fed according to 2.3% of body weight.Feed separately for the single groove of examination ox, every day early 8:00 and afternoon 4:00 feed, freely drink water.Fed 90 days, and butchered then.Each group test ox searches for food and increases weight all normal in 90 days experimental period, does not show the adverse health situation.Invention daily ration group longissimus dorsi muscle intramuscular fat content is than the highest raising 24.0% of common daily ration group, and gluteus medius improves 83.3%, and beef cattle production performance, beef nutritional labeling and other quality index are not had harmful effect (table 2).
Table 2 daily ration of the present invention is to the 12 monthly age beef cattle effects of feeding 90 days
| Project | Daily ration 1 of the present invention | Daily ration 2 of the present invention | Common daily ration |
| The western cold content of ashes of ratio (%) western cryoproteins matter content (%) (%) eye muscle area (mm of west cold intramuscular fat content (%) gluteus medius intramuscular fat content (%) dressing percentage (%) mesenterium fat percentage of liveweight2/ 100kg live-weight) shearing force (kg/cm 2) | 1.19 1.54 54.13 0.45 23.16 1.75 23.02 7.91 | 1.14 1.50 54.10 0.56 23.07 1.68 20.92 6.20 | 0.96 0.84 53.03 0.37 23.40 1.66 20.82 6.31 |
Embodiment 2.
Select the sharp wood at about 330 kilograms of 12 monthly ages, body weight to praise and 16 of Luxi Yellow cattle first-filial generation bullocks in a beef cattle plant, be divided into three groups of invention daily ration 1, invention daily ration 2 and common daily rations by RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, daily ration is formed and is seen Table 1.1 group of feed vitamin A of invention daily ration addition is 0, and 2 groups of feed vitamin As of invention daily ration addition is every kilogram of feed dry 1100 international units, and common daily ration group is pressed trophic level and added.The feed amount of feeding is fed according to 2.3% of body weight.Feed separately for single groove of examination noon, every day early 8:00 and afternoon 4:00 feed, freely drink water.Fed 180 days, and butchered then.Each group test ox searches for food and increases weight all normal in 180 days experimental period, but 1 group of test of invention daily ration ox shows vitamin(e) A deficiency.1,2 groups of longissimus dorsi muscle intramuscular fat contents of invention daily ration are than the highest raising 22.6% of common daily ration group, gluteus medius improves 59.0%, but 1 pair of gluteus medius fat content of invention daily ration does not only improve, have on the contrary significantly and descend, tender degree to beef also has harmful effect simultaneously, and beef cattle production performance, beef nutritional labeling and other quality index are not had harmful effect (table 3).
Table 3 daily ration of the present invention is to the 12 monthly age beef cattle effects of feeding 180 days
| Project | Daily ration 1 of the present invention | Daily ration 2 of the present invention | Common daily ration |
| The western cold content of ashes of ratio (%) western cryoproteins matter content (%) (%) eye muscle area (mm of west cold intramuscular fat content (%) gluteus medius intramuscular fat content (%) dressing percentage (%) mesenterium fat percentage of liveweight2/ 100kg live-weight) shearing force (kg/cm 2) | 6.14 2.54 54.93 0.73 22.58 1.69 25.69 7.36 | 5.59 6.90 54.63 0.76 22.80 1.70 28.64 5.87 | 5.01 4.34 53.60 0.67 21.10 1.68 26.87 5.62 |
Embodiment 3.
Select the sharp wood at about 450 kilograms of 24 monthly ages, body weight to praise and 16 of Luxi Yellow cattle first-filial generation bullocks in a beef cattle plant, be divided into three groups of invention daily ration 1, invention daily ration 2 and common daily rations by RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, daily ration is formed and is seen Table 1.1 group of feed vitamin A of invention daily ration addition is 0, and 2 groups of feed vitamin As of invention daily ration addition is every kilogram of feed dry 1100 international units, and common daily ration group is pressed trophic level and added.The feed amount of feeding is fed according to 2.3% of body weight.Feed separately for the single groove of examination ox, every day early 8:00 and afternoon 4:00 feed, freely drink water.Fed 90 days, and butchered then.Each group test ox searches for food and increases weight all normal in 90 days experimental period, the invention daily ration is compared maximum raising longissimus dorsi muscle intramuscular fat contents 90.6% with common daily ration, improve gluteus medius intramuscular fat content 280.3%, beef cattle production performance, beef nutritional labeling and other quality index are not had harmful effect (table 4).
Table 4 daily ration of the present invention is to the 24 monthly age beef cattle effects of feeding 90 days
| Project | Daily ration 1 of the present invention | Daily ration 2 of the present invention | Common daily ration |
| The western cold content of ashes of ratio (%) western cryoproteins matter content (%) (%) eye muscle area (mm of west cold intramuscular fat content (%) gluteus medius intramuscular fat content (%) dressing percentage (%) mesenterium fat percentage of liveweight2/ 100kg live-weight) shearing force (kg/cm 2) | 1.62 2.70 55.53 0.50 22.80 1.70 17.20 8.09 | 1.62 2.20 56.80 0.46 24.01 1.65 19.29 6.67 | 0.85 0.71 55.53 0.54 22.97 1.72 19.61 7.74 |
In producing, animal uses the item that the present invention should note:
1 when low carrotene feed is used in strictness, does not use the time of vitamin A can not be long, is advisable to be no more than 180 days, but uses half vitamin A feed of standard requirement of the present invention then not limited.
2 times of using the present invention to fatten can not be too short, though otherwise the amplitude that increases is big, because total intramuscular fat content is not high, can cover the effect of improving marbling grade.
3 use the present invention to answer in the limiting feed the particularly content of beta carotene of carrotene.
4 use the present invention generally not need to change feed (using except the green forage), only need to reduce the vitamin A addition in the feed addictive, and regularly adjust feed according to body weight and feed amount.
Claims (1)
1. method of improving beef marbling grade, it is characterized in that in beef ox fattening feed using the vitamin A that is lower than trophic level recommended amounts (2200 international units/kilogram of feed dry) and (or) carrotene, feed more than 90 days, significantly the beef credit rating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100966460A CN100423647C (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2004-12-06 | Method for increasing marbling quality grade of beef |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100966460A CN100423647C (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2004-12-06 | Method for increasing marbling quality grade of beef |
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| CN1785034A true CN1785034A (en) | 2006-06-14 |
| CN100423647C CN100423647C (en) | 2008-10-08 |
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| CNB2004100966460A Expired - Fee Related CN100423647C (en) | 2004-12-06 | 2004-12-06 | Method for increasing marbling quality grade of beef |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101156563B (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业大学 | a cultivating method for producing snowflower beef |
| CN101791050A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-08-04 | 吉林省长春皓月清真肉业股份有限公司 | Feed for cattle having marbling beef |
| CN105410378A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-23 | 广西博白县琼达农业科技有限公司 | Cattle raising feed and preparation method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1062423C (en) * | 1997-12-27 | 2001-02-28 | 中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所 | Slow-released granular feed for ruminant |
| CN1136787C (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2004-02-04 | 达娃頓珠 | Nutritions fodder for ox and sheep anti-disaster, passing winter and fattening |
-
2004
- 2004-12-06 CN CNB2004100966460A patent/CN100423647C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101156563B (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业大学 | a cultivating method for producing snowflower beef |
| CN101791050A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-08-04 | 吉林省长春皓月清真肉业股份有限公司 | Feed for cattle having marbling beef |
| CN101791050B (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2012-10-24 | 吉林省长春皓月清真肉业股份有限公司 | Feed for cattle having marbling beef |
| CN105410378A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-23 | 广西博白县琼达农业科技有限公司 | Cattle raising feed and preparation method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN100423647C (en) | 2008-10-08 |
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Address after: 100193 Beijing Old Summer Palace West Road, Haidian District, No. 2 Patentee after: INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Address before: 100094 Institute of animal husbandry, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 West Old Summer Palace Road, Beijing, Haidian District Patentee before: INST ANIMAL SCIENCES CAAS |
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Granted publication date: 20081008 Termination date: 20181206 |
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