CN1783681A - Suitching type controller - Google Patents

Abstract

A switch control device used in the primary control power supplier includes: a module generator generating digital module codes, an oscillator with programmable condensers and deciding switch frequency based on the output of the digital module, a voltage wave detector generating voltage feed back signals and discharge time signals by sampling voltage signals many times, in which, the current wave detector and an integrator generate current feedback signals by integrated balance current signals and discharge time, the integrated wave signal and the discharge time generate average current signals, voltage and current loop error amplifiers amplify voltage and current feedback signals, the oscillator generates time and pulse signals based on the output of the current loop error amplifier to generate time and pulse signals and the pulse signal decides the switch frequency of the switch signal, pulse width regulator generates switch signals for switching the power switch and stabilizing the output of the regulation power supplier.

Description

Switching control device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of control circuit that is used in power supply unit, particularly a kind of switching control device about the switch mode power supply supply.

Background technology

Various power supply units have used is widely providing the stable adjustment of voltage and electric current.Based on the consideration that meets safety (safety), the power supply unit of an off-line type (off-line) must it primary side and secondary side between electrical isolation (galvanic isolation) is provided.Since it is so, one switching control device is configured in the primary side of power supply unit, and an optical coupler (optical-coupler) must be used for stablizing adjustment output voltage and/or output current with secondary side voltage stabilizing adjuster (secondary-side regulator).In order to save number of parts and the needs of removing the secondary side anti current feed circuit, the primary side control technology is suggested in succession, and for example No. 4,302,803, the U.S. Pat of announcing on November 24th, 1981.Yet above-mentioned prior art can't satisfy precise output voltage and output current simultaneously.

Technology contents

Main purpose of the present invention is that the primary side at power supply unit provides a switching control device, not needing optical coupler and secondary side to stablize under the situation of adjuster, is used for obtaining precise output voltage and maximum output current.Moreover the present invention further proposes the characteristic of frequency hopping, be used for prolonging switching signal switching frequency frequency spectrum (spectrum) and reduce electromagnetic interference.Therefore, can reach volume and the cost that reduces power supply unit.

A kind of switching control device is applied to the power supply unit of transformer primary side control, comprises one and switches power switch, by a current sensing device, is used for switching this transformer.Wherein this transformer side is connected to the input voltage of power supply unit.One current sensing device is connected to this transformer by this power switched switch, is used for the primary side current of this transformer of sensing.One switches signal is connected to this power switched switch, is used for switching this power switch and obtains stable output voltage and the maximum output current of adjusting power supply unit.One controller is connected to the control end of this power switched switch and an auxiliary winding (auxiliary winding) of this transformer, during this section of the deadline of this switching signal (off time), by a discharge time of repeatedly take a sample a voltage signal and transformer, be used for exporting a voltage feedback signal and a discharge time signal.This controller is connected to this current sensing device again, receives a current signal of this discharge time signal and this transformer primary side, is used for exporting a current feedback signal.Therefore, this controller produces this switching signal according to this voltage feedback signal, and this controller is controlled the switching frequency of this switching signal according to this current feedback signal.

This controller comprises a voltage-waveform detector, is connected to this transformer, and the auxiliary winding by this transformer receives this voltage signal, by this voltage signal of repeatedly taking a sample, is used for exporting this voltage feedback signal and a discharge time signal.This voltage-waveform detector is connected to the auxiliary winding of being somebody's turn to do of this transformer by ohmic voltage divider.The discharge time of this discharge time signal indication transformer, the while is also represented the discharge time of secondary side switch current.One current-waveform detector is connected to this current sensing device, receives this current signal of this transformer primary side by this current sensing device, produces a current waveform signal by measuring this current signal.Wherein this current waveform signal generates according to the primary side switch current of this transformer.One integrator is connected to this current-waveform detector and this voltage-waveform detector, receive this current waveform signal by this current-waveform detector, receive this discharge time signal by this voltage-waveform detector, produce this current feedback signal by integration one average current signal and this discharge time signal, the pulse duration (pulse width) of this this current waveform signal of integrator integration and a time signal and produce this average current signal, this current waveform signal system comes this current signal of measuring transformer primary side to generate by current sensing device.

One voltage circuit error amplifier is made up of first operational amplifier and first reference voltage, this voltage circuit error amplifier is connected to this voltage-waveform detector, receive this voltage feedback signal and be used for amplifying this voltage feedback signal and loop gain (loop gain) is provided, its objective is to be used for output voltage control.One current circuit error amplifier is made up of second operational amplifier and second reference voltage, this current circuit error amplifier is connected to this integrator, receive this current feedback signal and be used for amplifying this current feedback signal and loop gain is provided, its objective is to be used for output current control.

One oscillator (oscillator) is connected to this current circuit error amplifier, receive the output of this current circuit error amplifier and then produce a pulse signal, this time signal and a ramp signal (ramp signal), this pulse signal switching frequency that decides this switching signal.One adder is connected to this current sensing device and this oscillator, receives this current signal by this current sensing device, receives this ramp signal by this oscillator, is used for producing a slope signal (slope signal).One peak current limiter (peak-current limiter) is connected to current sensing device, receives this current signal, is used for the maximum of this current signal of limiting transformer primary side.One voltage circuit comparator is connected to this adder and this voltage circuit error amplifier, and this voltage feedback signal after receiving this slope signal and amplifying is used for voltage control.One pulse-width modulator is connected to this oscillator, this peak current limiter and this voltage circuit comparator, receive the output of this pulse signal, this peak current limiter and the output of this voltage circuit error amplifier, be used for exporting this switching signal, therefore output voltage can reach the stable effect of adjusting.The output of this current circuit error amplifier is connected to this oscillator, is used for controlling the pulse signal of this oscillator output, and to adjust the switching frequency of this switching signal, therefore the output current of power supply unit can obtain good control.

One programmable current source (programmable current source) is connected to the input of voltage-waveform detector, is used for temperature-compensating.The temperature that this programmable current source receives this controller produces a programmable electric current, is used for the variations in temperature (temperaturedeviation) of offset supply supply on output voltage.One module generator produces a digital module sign indicating number.One first programmable electric capacity (firstprogrammable capacitor) is connected to this oscillator and this module generator, can be used for the modulation switching frequency according to the output of this digital module sign indicating number.The frequency spectrum of this switching frequency is prolonged, therefore the electromagnetic interference of supply capable of reducing power source.One second programmable electric capacity (second programmable capacitor) is connected to this integrator and this module generator, can be used to the time constant of this integrator and the switching frequency generation directly proportional relation of this switching signal.The capacitance of this first programmable electric capacity and this second programmable electric capacity is controlled by this digital module sign indicating number.

Use switching control device provided by the invention, stablize under the situation of adjuster not needing optical coupler and secondary side, can obtain precise output voltage and maximum output current, the while can prolong the frequency spectrum (spectrum) of the switching frequency of switching signal and reduce electromagnetic interference.Therefore, the volume of reduction power supply unit and the effect of cost have been reached.

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram that power supply unit has switching control device;

Fig. 2 is the power supply unit shown in Figure 1 and the main waveform of switching control device;

Fig. 3 is the controller according to preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the voltage-waveform detector according to preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the oscillator according to preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the current-waveform detector according to preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the integrator according to preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram according to pulse-width modulator of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram according to adder of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the circuit diagram according to programmable current source of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the module generator according to preferred embodiment of the present invention; And

Figure 12 is the programmable electric capacity according to preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, Reference numeral:

10 transformers, 20 transistors

30 current sensing devices, 31 electric capacity

32 electric capacity, 40 rectifiers

45 electric capacity, 50 resistance

51 resistance, 60 rectifiers

65 electric capacity, 70 controllers

71 operational amplifiers, 72 operational amplifiers

73 comparators, 74 comparators

79 NAND gate logical circuits, 80 programmable current sources

81 double carriers transistors, 82 double carriers transistors

83 resistance 84p mirror transistors

85p mirror transistor 86p mirror transistor

87n mirror transistor 88n mirror transistor

100 voltage-waveform detector, 110 electric capacity

111 electric capacity, 115 electric capacity

121 switches, 122 switches

123 switches, 124 switches

125 switches, 130 diodes

131 diodes, 135 current sources

150 operational amplifiers, 151 operational amplifiers

155 comparators, 156 critical voltages

161 inverters, 162 inverters

163 NAND gate logical circuits, 164 ANDs

165 ANDs, 166 ANDs

170D D-flip flop 171D D-flip flop

180 current sources, 181 transistors

182 electric capacity, 190 sampling pulse generators

200 oscillators, 201 operational amplifiers

202 operational amplifiers, 205 comparators

210 resistance, 211 resistance

215 electric capacity, 216 electric capacity

230 switches, 231 switches

232 switches, 233 switches

234 switches, 250 transistors

251 transistors, 252 transistors

253 transistors, 254 transistors

255 transistors, 259 transistors

260 inverters

300 current-waveform detector, 310 comparators

320 current sources, 330 switches

340 switches, 350 switches

361 electric capacity, 362 electric capacity

400 integrators, 410 operational amplifiers

411 operational amplifiers, 420 transistors

421 transistors, 422 transistors

423 transistors, 424 transistors

425 transistors, 450 resistance

452 resistance, 460 switches

461 switches, 462 switches

464 switches, 466 switches

468 switches, 471 electric capacity

472 electric capacity, 473 electric capacity

474 electric capacity

500 pulse-width modulators, 511 NAND gate logical circuits

512 inverter 515D D-flip flops

518 inverters, 519 ANDs

520 blanking circuits, 521 inverters

522 inverters, 523 NAND gate logical circuits

525 current sources, 526 transistors

527 electric capacity

600 adders, 610 operational amplifiers

611 operational amplifiers, 620 transistors

621 transistors, 622 transistors

650 resistance, 651 resistance

900 module generators, 910 first programmable electric capacity

930 second programmable electric capacity 951 frequency generators

952 XOR gate logical circuits, 971 buffers

972 buffers, 975 buffers

Embodiment

Fig. 1 is a power supply unit.Power supply unit comprises a transformer 10, and this transformer 10 has auxiliary winding N _A, first side winding N _PWith secondary side winding N _SOne switches power switch 20, is used for switching flowing through this transformer 10 first side winding N _PElectric current, this transformer 10 first side winding N _PBe connected to the input voltage V of this power supply unit _INOne current sensing device 30 is connected to this transformer 10 by this power switched switch 20, is used for the primary side current of this transformer 10 of sensing.One switches signal V _PWMBe connected to the control end of this power switched switch 20, be used for controlling the change action of this power switched switch 20, and then in transformer 10 secondary side winding N _SEnd obtains the stable output voltage V of adjusting power supply unit _OWith maximum output current I _OOne controller 70 is connected to the control end of this power switched switch 20, the auxiliary winding N of this transformer 10 _AWith this current sensing device 30, this current sensing device 30 as same current sensing resistor, this controller 70 produces this switching signal V _PWM

Fig. 2 is the various signal waveforms of power supply unit shown in Figure 1.As switching signal V _PWMBe conducting (being high level in logic), so produce primary side switch current I _PPrimary side switch peak value electric current I _P1Can obtain by following formula:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L\; P"\; filenames="A20041009670300331.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_P=\frac{V_{\mathrm{IN}}}{L_P}\&times;T_{\mathrm{ON}}---\left(1\right)$

L wherein _PFirst side winding N for transformer 10 _PInductance value; T _ONBe this switching signal V _PWMON time (on-time).

In case switching signal V _PWMFor ending (being low level in logic), this moment, the energy storage of transformer 10 will be sent to the secondary side of transformer 10, and passed through the output of diode rectifier 40 to power supply unit, so produce secondary side switch current I _SSecondary side switch peak value electric current I _S1Can be expressed as:

$I_{S1}=\frac{V_O+V_F}{L_S}\&times;T_{\mathrm{DS}}---\left(2\right)$

V wherein _OOutput voltage for power supply unit; V _FForward pressure drop (forward voltage drop) for diode rectifier 40; L _SSecondary side winding N for transformer 10 _SInductance value; T _DSBe the discharge time of transformer 10, also can be expressed as secondary side switch current I _SDischarge time.

Simultaneously, at the auxiliary winding N of transformer 10 _ALast generation one voltage signal V _AUX, this voltage signal V _AUXA voltage level V _AUX1Be expressed as:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V\; AUX"\; filenames="A20041009670300331.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{AUX}}=\frac{T_{\mathrm{NA}}}{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}\&times;(V_O+V_F)---\left(3\right)$

T wherein _NAWith T _NSBe respectively the auxiliary winding NA of this transformer 10 and the umber of turn of secondary side winding NS.

As secondary side switch current I _SWhen dropping to zero, auxiliary winding N _AThe voltage signal V that is produced _AUXBegin to reduce.This also the energy storage of indication transformer 10 fully discharge in this moment.Therefore, at T discharge time of equation (2) _DSCan be by this switching signal V _PWMDrop edge (falling edge) to voltage signal V _AUXThe corner that begins to descend (corner) measures, as shown in Figure 2.Primary side switch current I _PPeak current I _P1With the umber of turn of transformer 10 can be with deciding secondary side switch current I _SPeak current I _S1Secondary side switch current I _SPeak current I _S1Can be expressed as:

$I_{S1}=\frac{T_{\mathrm{NP}}}{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}\&times;I_{P1}---\left(4\right)$

T wherein _NPFirst side winding N for this transformer 10 _PUmber of turn.

As shown in Figure 1, this controller 70 comprises power source supply end (supply terminal) VCC, earth terminal (ground terminal) GND, sense terminal (detection terminal) DET, output (outputterminal) OUT, sense terminals (sense terminal) CS and voltage compensation end (voltage-compensationterminal) COMV.Power source supply end VCC and earth terminal GND are used to provide the power supply of this controller 70.One resistance 50 is connected with 51 and is formed a voltage divider (voltage divider), and two resistance are connected to the auxiliary winding N of transformer 10 _AAnd between the ground connection reference level.The sense terminal DET of this controller 70 is connected to the junction of resistance 50 and resistance 51.Produce a voltage V at sense terminal DET _DETCan obtain:

$V_{\mathrm{DET}}=\frac{R_{51}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="50"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{50}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="51"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{51}}\&times;V_{\mathrm{AUX}}---\left(5\right)$

R wherein ₅₀With R ₅₁Resistance value for resistance 50 and 51.

Voltage signal V _AUXFurther electric capacity 65 is charged via rectifier 60, be used to provide the power source supply end VCC that power supply is given controller 70.The source electrode of power switched switch 20 (source) is connected to the earth terminal reference level by current sensing device 30, and utilizes current sensing device 30 to be used for changing primary side switch current I _PBecome a current signal V _CSThe sense terminals CS of controller 70 is connected to current sensing device 30, is used for detecting this current signal V _CS

The output OUT of this controller 70 produces this switching signal V _PWM, be used for controlling the change action of this power switched switch 20, and then in transformer 10 secondary side winding N _SEnd obtains the stable output voltage V of adjusting power supply unit _OWith maximum output current I _OCompensating network is connected to the voltage compensation end COMV of this controller 70, is as the voltage circuit frequency compensation.This compensating network can use electric capacity such as electric capacity 31 to be connected to the earth terminal reference level.Another compensating network is connected to the current compensation end COMI of this controller 70, is as the current circuit frequency compensation.This compensating network also can use electric capacity such as electric capacity 32 to be connected to the earth terminal reference level.

At this switching signal V _PWMThis section of deadline during, controller 70 is by the auxiliary winding N of this transformer 10 _AA voltage signal V repeatedly takes a sample _AUXWith this transformer 10 one discharge time T _DS, be output one voltage feedback signal V in internal circuit _VDuring this section of the ON time of this switching signal, controller 70 is measured a current signal V of this transformer by this current sensing device _CS, and in internal circuit, export a current feedback signal V _IWherein this switching signal receives this voltage feedback signal V _VWith this current feedback signal V _IAnd generate.

This controller 70 is according to this voltage feedback signal V _VProduce this switching signal V _PWM, and according to this current feedback signal V _IControl this switching signal V _PWMSwitching frequency.

Fig. 3 is the controller 70 according to preferred embodiment of the present invention.With reference to figure 1 and shown in Figure 3, at sense terminal DET, this controller 70 comprises a voltage-waveform detector 100.This voltage-waveform detector 100 is connected to the auxiliary winding N of being somebody's turn to do of this transformer 10 by ohmic voltage divider (50,51) _A, by the auxiliary winding N of being somebody's turn to do of this transformer 10 _AReceive this voltage signal V _DETVoltage-waveform detector 100 is by this voltage signal V that repeatedly takes a sample _DETAnd produce this voltage feedback signal V _VWith a discharge time signal S _DS, this discharge time signal S _DSExpression secondary side switch current I _ST discharge time _DSAt sense terminals CS, controller 70 comprises a current-waveform detector 300.This current-waveform detector 300 is connected to this current sensing device 30, receives this current signal V of these transformer 10 primary sides by this current sensing device 30 _CSThis current-waveform detector 300 is by measuring this current signal V _CSExport a current waveform signal V _WThat is to say this current waveform signal V _WPrimary side switch current I according to this transformer 10 _PAnd generate.One integrator 400 is connected to this current-waveform detector 300 and this voltage-waveform detector 100, receives this current waveform signal V by this current-waveform detector 300 _W, receive this discharge time signal S by this voltage-waveform detector 100 _DSThis integrator 400 is by integration one average current signal and this discharge time signal S _DSAnd produce this current feedback signal V _I, this integrator 400 and this current waveform signal of integration V _WWith a time signal T _XPulse duration and produce this average current signal.One voltage circuit error amplifier is by this operational amplifier 71 and this reference voltage V _REF1Form, this voltage circuit error amplifier is connected to this voltage-waveform detector 100, receives this voltage feedback signal V _VBe used for amplifying this voltage feedback signal V _VWith loop gain is provided, be used for output voltage control.One current circuit error amplifier is by this operational amplifier 72 and this reference voltage V _REF2Form, this current circuit error amplifier is connected to this integrator 400, receives this current feedback signal V _IBe used for amplifying this current feedback signal V _IWith loop gain is provided, be used for output current control.

One oscillator 200 is connected to this current circuit error amplifier, receives the output of this current circuit error amplifier and then produces a pulse signal PLS, this time signal T _XWith a ramp signal (ramp signal).This pulse signal PLS is used for this switching signal of initialization V _PWMWith this switching signal of decision V _PWMSwitching frequency, this time signal T _XPulse duration and this switching signal V _PWMThe proportional relation of switching frequency.One adder 600 is connected to this current sensing device 30 and this oscillator 200, receives this current signal V by this current sensing device 30 _CS, receive this ramp signal RMP by this oscillator 200, by the current signal V of transformer 10 primary sides _CSBe used for exporting a slope signal (slope signal) V with the addition of ramp signal RMP _SLP, this slope signal V _SLPEffect be that voltage circuit is formed slope-compensation (slopecompensation).One peak current limiter is by a comparator 74 and a reference voltage V _REF3Form, the input of the anode of this comparator 74 is by this reference voltage V _REF3Institute provides, and the negative terminal input of this comparator 74 is connected to this sense terminals CS, receives this current signal V _CS, be used for limiting transformer 10 primary side switch peak value electric current I _P1The input of this peak current limiter is connected to sense terminals CS, can be used to detect this current signal V of transformer 10 primary sides _CS, and reach periodic (cycle-by-cycle) electric current restriction.One voltage circuit comparator 73 is connected to this adder 600 and this voltage circuit error amplifier, receives this slope signal V _SLPWith this voltage feedback signal V after the amplification _V, be used for voltage control.

Operational amplifier 71 all has the characteristic of conduction (trans-conductance) output with operational amplifier 72.The output of operational amplifier 71 is connected to the anode input of voltage compensation end COMV and comparator 73.The output of operational amplifier 72 is connected to current compensation end COMI.The negative terminal input of comparator 73 is connected to the output of adder 600.This adder 600 is by the current signal V of transformer 10 primary sides _CSProduce slope signal V with the addition of ramp signal RMP _SLP, the effect of adder 600 is that voltage circuit is formed slope-compensation (slope compensation).

One pulse-width modulator 500 is connected to this oscillator 200, and be connected to this peak current limiter and this voltage circuit comparator 73 by NAND gate logical circuit 79, receive the output of this pulse signal PLS, this peak current limiter and the output of this voltage circuit error amplifier, be used for exporting this switching signal V _PWM, therefore output voltage can reach the stable effect of adjusting.The output of this current circuit error amplifier is connected to this oscillator 200, is used for controlling this switching signal V _PWMSwitching frequency, therefore the output current of power supply unit can obtain good control.

As shown in figures 1 and 3, by transformer 10 primary side switch current I _PDetect switching signal V _PWMThe control of switching frequency, this paths forms current control loop, and according to reference voltage V _REF2Level control secondary side switch current I _SMean value.Signal waveform as shown in Figure 2, the output current I of power supply unit _OBe secondary side switch current I _SMean value.Output current I _OCan be expressed as:

$I_O=I_S\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{DS}}}{2T}---\left(6\right)$

Wherein T is the switching cycle of switching signal, with the proportional relation of the time constant of oscillator.The output current I of power supply unit _OTherefore can obtain the stable characteristic of adjusting.

The current signal V of current-waveform detector 300 detecting transformer primary sides _CSAnd generation current waveform signal V _WIntegrator 400 is by integral mean current signal V _AVWith T discharge time _DSProduce current feedback signal V again _IIntegration current waveform signal V _WWith time signal T _XPulse duration produce average current signal V _AVCurrent feedback signal V _ITherefore can be designed to:

$V_I=V_{\mathrm{AV}}\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{DS}}}{T_{I2}}---\left(7\right)$

$V_{\mathrm{AV}}=\frac{V_W}{2}\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{XP}}}{T_{I1}}---\left(8\right)$

Current waveform signal V wherein _WBe expressed as:

$V_W=\frac{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}{T_{\mathrm{NP}}}\&times;R_S\&times;I_{S1}---\left(9\right)$

T wherein _I1With T _I2Time constant for integrator 400; T _XPBe time signal T _XPulse duration, and with switching signal V _PWMThe proportional relation (T of switching cycle _XP=α T).By equation (6) as can be seen, current feedback signal V to (9) _ICan be write as again:

$V_I=\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}{T}^2}{T_{I1}\&times;T_{I2}}\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}{T_{\mathrm{NP}}}\&times;R_S\&times;I_O---\left(10\right)$

We can be found to, current feedback signal V _IBe proportional to the output current I of power supply unit _OAs output current I _ODuring increase, current feedback signal V _IIncrease, but current feedback signal V _IThe stable adjustment of maximum by current control loop be limited in reference voltage V _REF2Numerical value.Under the FEEDBACK CONTROL of current control loop, switching signal V _PWMSwitching frequency according to maximum output current I _{O (max)}Increase and reduce, vice versa.Maximum output current I _{O (max)}Can obtain:

$I_{O\left(\max \right)}=\frac{T_{\mathrm{NP}}}{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}\&times;\frac{G_A\&times;G_{\mathrm{SW}}\&times;V_{\mathrm{REF}2}}{1+(G_A\&times;G_{\mathrm{SW}}\&times;\frac{R_S}{K})}---\left(11\right)$

Wherein K is a constant, equals [(T _I1* T _I2)/(α T ²)]; G _AGain for the current circuit error amplifier; G _SWGain for commutation circuit.The very high (G of loop gain when current control loop _A* G _SW＞＞1) time, maximum output current I _{O (max)}Be reduced to:

$I_{O\left(\max \right)}=K\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{NP}}}{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}\&times;\frac{V_{\mathrm{REF}2}}{R_S}---\left(12\right)$

The maximum output current I of power supply unit _{O (max)}According to reference voltage V _REF2Numerical value thereby obtain the stable fixed current that is adjusted to.

In addition, by voltage signal V _AUXBe sampled to switching signal V _PWMPulse width modulation, this paths forms voltage control loop, and according to reference voltage V _REF1Numerical value control voltage signal V _AUXAmplitude (magnitude).This voltage signal V _AUXWith output voltage V _ORelation on proportional is shown in equation (3).This voltage signal V _AUXObtain voltage V through suitable decay again _DET, shown in equation (5).Voltage-waveform detector 100 is passed through repeatedly sampling voltage V _DETAnd generation voltage feedback signal V _VThis voltage feedback signal V _VThe adjustment of level by voltage control loop, and according to reference voltage V _REF1Numerical value and controlled.Voltage circuit error amplifier and pulse-width modulator provide loop gain for voltage control loop.Therefore, output voltage V _OCan be reduced to:

$V_O=(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="50"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{50}+R_{51}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="51"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{51}}\&times;\frac{R_{\mathrm{NS}}}{T_{\mathrm{NA}}}\&times;V_{\mathrm{REF}1})-V_F---\left(13\right)$

More than 100 sampling voltage signal of voltage-waveform detector V _AUXAt secondary side switch current I _SDischarged into before zero this voltage signal V _AUXBe carried out sampling immediately and measure.Therefore, secondary side switch current I _SChange can't influence the forward pressure drop V of output diode _FNumerical value.Yet, when temperature changes, pressure drop V forward _FAlso change thereupon.One programmable current source 80 is connected to the input of this voltage-waveform detector 100, is used for temperature-compensating.This programmable current source 80 receives the temperature of this controller 70, is used for exporting a programmable electric current I _TThis programmable electric current I _TProduce voltage V in conjunction with resistance 50 and 51 _T, be used for compensating forward pressure drop V _FVariations in temperature.

$V_T=I_T\&times;\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="50"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{50}\&times;R_{51}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="50"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{50}\&times;R_{51}}---\left(14\right)$

Cf. equation (13) can be found resistance R with (14) ₅₀With R ₅₁Ratio decision output voltage V _OResistance R ₅₀With R ₅₁Resistance value decision temperature coefficient (temperature coefficient), be used for compensating forward pressure drop V _FBecause programmable current source 80, equation (13) can be write as again:

$V_O=(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="50"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{50}+R_{51}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="51"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300281.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{51}}\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}{T_{\mathrm{NA}}})\&times;({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="V\; REF"\; filenames="A20041009670300331.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{REF}}+V_T)-V_F---\left(15\right)$

Moreover, for the characteristic that produces frequency hopping this switching signal V that extends _PWMThe frequency spectrum of switching frequency, be used for reducing the electromagnetic interference of power supply unit, a module generator 900 is used for producing a digital module sign indicating number P _NP ₁One first programmable electric capacity 910 is connected to this oscillator 200 and this module generator 900, according to this digital module sign indicating number P _NP ₁Output be used for this switching signal of modulation V _PWMSwitching frequency.One second programmable electric capacity 930 is connected to this integrator 400 and this module generator 900, is used for making the time constant and the switching frequency generation directly proportional relation of this integrator 400.This digital module sign indicating number P _NP ₁Control the capacitance of this first programmable electric capacity 910 and this second programmable electric capacity 930.

Main purpose of the present invention is that the primary side at power supply unit provides a switching control device, not needing optical coupler and secondary side to stablize under the situation of adjuster, is used for obtaining precise output voltage and maximum output current.Moreover the present invention further proposes the characteristic of frequency hopping, be used for prolonging switching signal switching frequency frequency spectrum and reduce electromagnetic interference.Therefore, can reach volume and the cost that reduces power supply unit.

Fig. 4 is the voltage-waveform detector 100 according to preferred embodiment of the present invention.One sampling pulse generator (sample-pulse generator) 190 produces sample-pulse signal and is used for repeatedly taking a sample.One minimum detectable signal signal (threshold voltage) 156 adds voltage signal V _AUX, thereby produce level shift reflected signal (level-shift reflected signal).First signal generator (first signal generator) comprises D flip-flop 171, two ANDs 165 and 166, is used for producing first sampled signal (first samplesignal) V _SP1With second sampled signal (second sample signal) V _SP2Secondary signal generator (secondsignal generator) comprises D flip-flop 170, NAND gate logical circuit 163, AND 164 and comparator 155, is used for producing discharge time signal S _DS

One time delay circuit (time-delay circuit) comprises inverter 162, current source 180, transistor 181 and electric capacity 182, as switching signal V _PWMBe used for producing T time of delay during for disabled state (disable) _dThe input of inverter 161 is by switching signal V _PWMInstitute provides, and the output of inverter 161 is connected to the input of inverter 162, also is connected to first end input of AND 164 and the frequency input (clock-input) of D flip-flop 170 simultaneously.But the output conducting of inverter 162 or by (on/off) transistor 181.Electric capacity 182 is connected in parallel with transistor 181,182 chargings of 180 pairs of electric capacity of this current source.Therefore, T time of delay of the capacitance of the electric current of current source 180 and electric capacity 182 decision time delay circuit _d, and electric capacity 182 is the output of time delay circuit.Draw (pull high) to supply voltage V in the D input of D flip-flop 170 _CCThe output of D flip-flop 170 is connected in second end input of AND 164.This AND 164 output discharge time signal S _DSAs switching signal V _PWMBe disabled state, discharge time signal S _DSTherefore be enabled status (enable).The output of this NAND gate logical circuit 163 is connected in the replacement input (reset-input) of D flip-flop 170.The input of NAND gate logical circuit 163 is connected to the output of time delay circuit and the output of comparator 155.The negative terminal input of comparator 155 is provided by the level shift reflected signal.The anode input of comparator 155 is by voltage feedback signal V _VInstitute provides.Therefore, at T time of delay _dAfterwards, in case the level shift reflected signal is lower than voltage feedback signal V _V, discharge time signal S _DSBe disabled state.In addition, as long as switching signal V _PWMBe enabled status, discharge time signal S _DSIt also is disabled state.

The sample-pulse signal that sampling pulse generator 190 produces puts on frequency input, the AND 165 of D flip-flop 171 and imports with 166 the 3rd end.The D input of D flip-flop 171 links together with inverse output terminal and forms except that 2 counters (divide-by-two counter).The output of D flip-flop 171 is imported with second end that reverse output is connected to AND 165 and 166.AND 165 and the input of 166 first end are by discharge time signal S _DSInstitute provides.AND 165 and the input of 166 the 4th end are connected to the output of time delay circuit.Therefore, produce the first sampled signal V according to the output of sample-pulse signal _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2In addition, at discharge time signal S _DSThe enabled status cycle this section during, the first sampled signal V _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2Alternately generate.Yet, at discharge time signal S _DST time of delay of insertion at the beginning _d, be used for forbidding producing the first sampled signal V _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2At T time of delay _dThis section during, the first sampled signal V _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2Therefore be disabled state.

The first sampled signal V _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2Be used for alternately sampling voltage signal V via sense terminal DET and resistive voltage divider _AUXThe first sampled signal V _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2Control switch 121 and switch 122 are used for obtaining respectively to keep voltage (first hold voltage) and second across first of first electric capacity 110 and second electric capacity 111 and keep voltage (second hold voltage).Switch 123 is to be connected in parallel with first electric capacity 110, is used for 110 discharges of first electric capacity.Switch 124 is to be connected in parallel with second electric capacity 111, is used for 111 discharges of second electric capacity.One buffer amplifier (buffer amplifier) comprises operational amplifier 150 and 151, diode 130, diode 131 and current source 135, is used for producing keeping voltage.Operational amplifier 150 and the input of 151 anode are connected to first electric capacity 110 and second electric capacity 111 respectively, and operational amplifier 150 and 151 negative terminal input are connected to the output of buffer amplifier.The output that outputs to buffer amplifier that diode 130 connects by operational amplifier 150.Diode 131 is the output that is connected to buffer amplifier by the output of operational amplifier 151.Therefore, keep voltage by first and second high voltage of keeping voltage is kept signal.This current source 135 is used for tenth skill.Switch 125 periodically is conducting to the voltage of keeping of first output capacitance 115, is used for producing voltage feedback signal V _VThe change action that switch 125 produces conducting or ends by pulse signal PLS.At T time of delay _dAfterwards, the first sampled signal V _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2Begin to produce first and keep voltage and second and keep voltage, so can eliminate voltage signal V _AUXSurging disturb (spike interference).As switching signal V _PWMBe disabled state, and power switched switch 20 ends, will produce voltage signal V this moment _AUXAbrupt voltage wave.

As Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 4, as secondary side switch current I _SDischarge into zero, voltage signal V _AUXBegin to descend, the detecting by comparator 155 makes discharge time signal S _DSBe disabled state.Discharge time signal S _DSPulse duration thereby with secondary side switch current I _ST discharge time _DSDirectly proportional relation.Simultaneously, according to discharge time signal S _DSBe disabled state, and the first sampled signal V _SP1With the second sampled signal V _SP2Be disabled state, and repeatedly sampling stops.At this moment, keep voltage in the output generation of buffer amplifier, expression final voltage (end voltage).Final voltage thus with voltage signal V _AUXDirectly proportional relation is at secondary side switch current I _SDropped to before zero voltage signal V _AUXSampled.The acquisition of keeping voltage is to get first to keep the high voltage that voltage and second is kept voltage, and as voltage signal V _AUXWhen beginning to reduce, will ignore sampled voltage.

Fig. 5 is the oscillator 200 according to preferred embodiment of the present invention.Vibration operational amplifier 201, oscillation resistance 210 are formed first voltage commentaries on classics current converter (first V-to-Iconverter) with oscillistor 250.This first voltage changes the output voltage V of current converter according to the current circuit error amplifier _COMIAnd generation reference current I ₂₅₀By feedback loop control (feedback loop control), the output voltage V of current circuit error amplifier _COMIWill be according to reference voltage V _REF2Do stable the adjustment.Several transistors are formed current mirror (current mirror) as 251,252,253,254,255 and 259, according to reference current I ₂₅₀Be used for producing one first vibration charging current (oscillator charge current) I ₂₅₃, an oscillating discharge electric current (oscillator discharge current) I ₂₅₅With a time electric current (timing current) I ₂₅₉The drain electrode of transistor 253 produces this first vibration charging current I ₂₅₃The drain electrode of transistor 255 produces this oscillating discharge electric current I ₂₅₅The drain electrode of transistor 259 produces this time current I ₂₅₉ First oscillation switch 230 is connected between the drain electrode and first oscillating capacitance 215 of transistor 253, and second oscillation switch 231 is connected between the drain electrode and first oscillating capacitance 215 of transistor 255.

Ramp signal (ramp signal) RMP is obtained by first oscillating capacitance 215.The anode input of the first vibration comparator 205 is connected to first oscillating capacitance 215.The first vibration comparator, 205 output pulse signal PLS, this pulse signal PLS determines switching frequency.First end points of the 3rd oscillation switch 232 is by high critical value voltage (high threshold voltage) V _HInstitute provides.First end points of the 4th oscillation switch 233 is by low critical value voltage (low threshold voltage) V _LInstitute provides.Second end points of second end points of the 3rd oscillation switch 232 and the 4th oscillation switch 233 is connected in the negative terminal input of the first vibration comparator 205.The input of vibration inverter 260 is connected in the output of the first vibration comparator 205, is used for producing pulse signal PLS, vibration inverter 260 output rp pulse signal/PLS.Pulse signal PLS is used for conducting or by second oscillation switch 231 and the 4th oscillation switch 233.Rp pulse signal/PLS controls the conducting of first oscillation switch 230 and the 3rd oscillation switch 232 or ends.As shown in Figure 3, the first programmable electric capacity 910 and first oscillating capacitance 215 are connected in parallel, according to digital module P _NP ₁Signal be used for the modulation switching frequency.The resistance value R of oscillation resistance 210 ₂₁₀, first oscillating capacitance 215 capacitance C ₂₁₅Capacitance C with the first programmable electric capacity 910 ₉₁₀The switching cycle T of decision switching frequency.

$T=\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="215"\; label="C"\; filenames="A20041009670300301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_{215}+C_{910})\&times;V_{\mathrm{OSC}}}{V_{\mathrm{REF}2}/{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="210"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{210}}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="210"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{210}\&times;({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="215"\; label="C"\; filenames="A20041009670300301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_{215}+C_{910})\&times;\frac{V_{\mathrm{OSC}}}{V_{\mathrm{REF}2}}---\left(16\right)$

V wherein _OSC=V _H-V _LThe capacitance C of the first programmable electric capacity 910 ₉₁₀According to digital module P _NP ₁Variation and change thereupon.

Turnover resistance 211 and time current I ₂₅₉Produce breakover voltage (trip-pointvoltage) on turnover resistance 211, this breakover voltage is connected to the anode input of the second vibration comparator 202.Constant current source I _RTo 216 chargings of second oscillating capacitance, this second oscillating capacitance 216 is connected to the negative terminal input of the second vibration comparator 202.The 5th oscillation switch 234 and second oscillating capacitance 216 are connected in parallel, and are used for 216 discharges of second oscillating capacitance according to pulse signal PLS.The second vibration comparator, 202 generation time signal T _X Second oscillating capacitance 216 and first oscillating capacitance, 215 proportional relations.Therefore, time signal T _XThe proportional relation of switching cycle T with switching frequency.

Fig. 6 is the current-waveform detector 300 of preferred embodiment of the present invention.One peak sensing device (peakdetector) comprises comparator 310, current source 320, switch 330, switch 340 and the 3rd electric capacity 361.Sampling current signal V _CSPeak value be used for producing peak-current signal (peak-current signal).The anode input of comparator 310 is by current signal V _CSInstitute provides.The negative terminal input of comparator 310 is connected to the 3rd electric capacity 361.Switch 330 is connected between current source 320 and the 3rd electric capacity 361.The output of comparator 310 is used for conducting or cutoff switch 330.Switch 340 and the 3rd electric capacity 361 are connected in parallel, and are used for 361 discharges of the 3rd electric capacity.Switch 350 periodically is conducting to the peak-current signal of second output capacitance 362, is used for producing current waveform signal V _WThe action that switch 350 carries out conducting or ends by pulse signal PLS.

Fig. 7 is the integrator 400 of preferred embodiment of the present invention.Second voltage changes current converter (secondV-to-I converter) and comprises operational amplifier 411, resistance 452, transistor 423,424 and 425.The anode input of operational amplifier 411 is by current waveform signal V _WInstitute provides.The negative terminal input of operational amplifier 411 is connected to resistance 452.The grid of the output driving transistors 425 of operational amplifier 411.The source electrode of transistor 425 is connected to resistance 452.This second voltage changes the drain electrode of current converter via transistor 425, according to current waveform signal V _WProduce first integral charging current I ₄₂₅Transistor 423 and 424 forms has 2: 1 current mirror of ratio.First integral charging current I ₄₂₅Drain drives current mirror via transistor 424 is used for producing programmable charging current I _WThis programmable charging current I _WCan be expressed as:

$I_W=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="452"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300311.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{452}}\&times;\frac{V_W}{2}---\left(17\right)$

R wherein ₄₅₂Resistance value for resistance 452.

Very first time electric capacity 473 is used for producing first integral signal (first-integrated signal).First switch 464 is connected between the drain electrode and very first time electric capacity 473 of transistor 424.First switch 464 is by time signal T _XThe action of carrying out conducting or ending.Second switch 468 is connected in parallel with very first time electric capacity 473, is used for 473 discharges of very first time electric capacity.The 3rd switch 466 is periodically taken a sample and is obtained the first integral signal of the second time electric capacity 474, is used for producing average current signal V _AVPulse signal PLS controls the conducting of the 3rd switch 466 and ends.Therefore, can obtain average current signal V across the second time electric capacity, 474 two ends _AV:

$V_{\mathrm{AV}}=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="452"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300311.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{452}\&times;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="473"\; label="C"\; filenames="A20041009670300311.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_{473}}\&times;\frac{V_W}{2}\&times;T_{\mathrm{XP}}---\left(18\right)$

Tertiary voltage changes current converter (third V-to-I converter) and comprises operational amplifier 410, resistance 450, transistor 420,421 and 422.The anode input of operational amplifier 410 is by average current signal V _AVInstitute provides.The negative terminal input of operational amplifier 410 is connected to resistance 450.The grid of the output driving transistors 420 of operational amplifier 410.The source electrode of transistor 420 is connected to resistance 450.This tertiary voltage changes the drain electrode of current converter via transistor 420, according to average current signal V _AVProduce second integral charging current I ₄₂₀Transistor 421 and 422 forms current mirror.Second integral charging current I ₄₂₀Drain drives current mirror via transistor 422 is used for producing programmable charging current I _PRGThis programmable charging current I _PRGCan be expressed as:

$I_{\mathrm{PRG}}=\frac{V_{\mathrm{AV}}}{R_{450}}---\left(19\right)$

R wherein ₄₅₀Resistance value for resistance 450.

The 3rd time electric capacity 471 is used for producing second integral signal (integrated signal).The 4th switch 460 is connected between the drain electrode and the 3rd time electric capacity 471 of transistor 422, and the 4th switch 460 is by discharge time signal S _DSCarry out conducting and the action that ends.The 5th switch 462 and the 3rd time electric capacity 471 are connected in parallel, and are used for 471 discharges of the 3rd time electric capacity.C at integrator 400 _XEnd, the second programmable electric capacity 930 is to be connected in parallel with the 3rd time electric capacity 471, can be used to time constant and switching frequency generation directly proportional relation with integrator 400.The capacitance C of the second programmable electric capacity 930 ₉₃₀According to digital module P _NP ₁Variation also change thereupon.The 6th switch 461 periodically is sampled to the integrated signal of the 4th output capacitance 472, is used for producing current feedback signal V _IPulse signal PLS controls the conducting of the 6th switch 461 and ends.Therefore, across the current feedback signal V at the 4th output capacitance 472 two ends _ICan obtain:

$V_I=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="450"\; label="V\; AV\; R"\; filenames="A20041009670300311.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{AV}}}{R_{}}\&times;T_{\mathrm{DS}}---\left(20\right)$

According to equation (4)-(9) and (16), current feedback signal V _ISecondary side switch current I with power supply unit _SWith output current I _OProportional relation.Therefore, equation (10) can be write as again:

$V_I=m\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}{T_{\mathrm{NP}}}\&times;R_S\&times;I_O---\left(21\right)$

Wherein m is a fixed value, can be determined by following formula:

$m=\frac{\mathrm{\&alpha;}{\&times;[{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="210"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{210}\&times;({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="215"\; label="C"\; filenames="A20041009670300301.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_{215}+C_{910})]}^2}{[{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="452"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300311.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{452}\&times;C_{473}]\&times;[{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="450"\; label="R"\; filenames="A20041009670300311.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}_{450}\&times;({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="471"\; label="C"\; filenames="A20041009670300311.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_{471}+C_{930})]}\&times;\frac{V_{\mathrm{OSC}}}{V_{\mathrm{REF}2}}---\left(22\right)$

Resistance 450 and 452 resistance value R ₄₅₀With R ₄₅₂Both are the resistance value R with oscillation resistance 210 ₂₁₀Proportional relation.The capacitance C of the 3rd time electric capacity 471 and very first time electric capacity 473 ₄₇₁With C ₄₇₃And the capacitance C of the second programmable electric capacity 930 ₉₃₀The capacitance C of the three and first oscillating capacitance 215 ₂₁₅Capacitance C with the first programmable electric capacity 910 ₉₁₀Both proportional relations.Therefore, current feedback signal V _IBe proportional to the output current I of power supply unit _O

Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of pulse-width modulator 500 of the present invention.Pulse-width modulator 500 comprises NAND gate logical circuit 511, D flip-flop 515, AND 519, blanking circuit (blankingcircuit) 520 and inverter 512 and 518.Move supply voltage V in the D input of D flip-flop 515 to _CCPulse signal PLS drives the input of inverter 512.The output of inverter 512 is connected to the frequency input of D flip-flop 515, is used for making switching signal V _PWMBe enabled status.The output of D flip-flop 515 is connected to first end input of AND 519, and second end input of AND 519 is connected to the output of inverter 512.AND 519 this switching signal of output V _PWMBe used for switching power supply.The replacement input of D flip-flop 515 is connected to the output of NAND gate logical circuit 511.The input of first end of NAND gate logical circuit 511 is provided by reset signal (reset signal) RST, is used for another cycle of one-period to make switching signal V _PWMBe disabled state.Second end input of NAND gate logical circuit 511 is connected to the output of blanking circuit 520, in case switching signal V _PWMBe enabled status, be used for guaranteeing switching signal V _PWMMinimum ON time (minimum on-time).Switching signal V _PWMMinimum ON time will guarantee minimum discharge time of T _DS, this will guarantee a suitable repeatedly sampling, be used for sampling voltage signal V in voltage-waveform detector 100 _AUXDischarge time T _DSWith switching signal V _PWMON time T _ONProportional relation.With reference to equation (1), (2), (4) and secondary side inductance value L _S=(T _NS/ T _NP) ²* L _P, discharge time T _DSCan be expressed as:

$T_{\mathrm{DS}}=\left(\frac{V_{\mathrm{IN}}}{V_O+V_F}\right)\&times;\frac{T_{\mathrm{NS}}}{T_{\mathrm{NP}}}\&times;T_{\mathrm{ON}}---\left(23\right)$

The input of blanking circuit 520 is by switching signal V _PWMInstitute provides.As switching signal V _PWMBe enabled status, blanking circuit 520 will produce blanking signal (blanking signal) V _BLKForbid the replacement of D flip-flop 515.Blanking circuit 520 further comprises NAND gate logical circuit 523, current source 525, electric capacity 527, transistor 526 and inverter 521 and 522.Switching signal V _PWMFirst end input of the input of supply inverter 521 and NAND gate logical circuit 523.Current source 525 is to electric capacity 527 chargings.Transistor 526 is to be connected in parallel with electric capacity 527.The conducting of the output control transistor 526 of inverter 521 with end.The input of inverter 522 is connected to electric capacity 527.The output of inverter 522 is connected to second end input of NAND gate logical circuit 523.The output output blanking signal V of NAND gate logical circuit 523 _BLKThe capacitance decision blanking signal V of the electric current of current source 525 and electric capacity 527 _BLKPulse duration.The input of inverter 518 is connected to the output of NAND gate logical circuit 523.The output of inverter 518 produces clear signal (clear signal) CLR, is used for control switch 123,124,340 and 462 conducting and ending.

Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of adder 600 of the present invention.One operational amplifier 610, transistor 620,621,622 and resistance 650 are formed the 4th voltage is changeed current converter (fourth V-to-I converter), is used for producing electric current I according to the output of ramp signal RMP ₆₂₂The anode input of operational amplifier 611 is by current signal V _CSInstitute provides, and the anti-phase input and the output of this operational amplifier 611 link together, and are used for setting up operational amplifier 611, and it acts on as buffer (buffer).The drain electrode of transistor 622 is connected in the output of operational amplifier 611 via resistance 651, produces slope signal (slopesignal) V in the drain electrode of transistor 622 _SLPThis slope signal V _SLPThereby with ramp signal RMP and current signal V _CSProportional relation.

Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of programmable current source 80 of the present invention.Programmable current source 80 produces programmable electric current I according to the degree of variations in temperature _TProgrammable current generator 80 comprise two double carriers transistors 81 and 82, three p mirrors (p-mirror) transistor 84,85, with 86, two n mirrors (n-mirror) transistor 87 and 88, resistance 83 in addition.Programmable electric current I _TCan be write as:

$I_T=N_M\&times;\frac{k\&times;T_{\mathrm{emp}}}{q}\&times;\frac{\ln \left(r\right)}{R_T}---\left(24\right)$

R wherein _TResistance value for resistance 83; N _M=M ₁* M ₂M ₁How much ratios (geometrical ratio) for transistor 85 and 86; M ₂How much ratios for transistor 87 and 88; K is Boltzmann's constant (Boltzmann ' s constant); Q is the size of electron charge; R is the emitter-base bandgap grading area ratio (emitter area ratio) of double carriers transistor 81 and 82; T _EmpBe temperature of transistor.

Figure 11 is the module generator 900 of preferred embodiment of the present invention.One frequency generator 951 produces frequency signal (clock signal) CK.Several buffers 971,972 and 975, and XOR gate logical circuit 952 composition linear displacement buffers (linear shift register) are used for producing linear code (linear code) according to frequency signal CK.The multinomial (polynomials) of the input decision linear displacement buffer of XOR gate logical circuit 952, and the output of decision linear displacement buffer.This digital module sign indicating number (digital patterncode) P _NP ₁Can adopt the part that stems from linear code to carry out optimized application.

In conjunction with Fig. 3, Figure 12 is the programmable electric capacity of preferred embodiment of the present invention, for example the first programmable electric capacity 910 and the second programmable electric capacity 930.Programmable electric capacity comprises the switching type capacitor device that is connected in parallel, capacitor C ₁, C ₂,, C _nWith switch S ₁, S ₂,, S _nForm the switching type capacitor device.Switch S ₁With capacitor C ₁For being connected in series switch S ₂With capacitor C ₂For being connected in series switch S _nWith capacitor C _nFor being connected in series.Digital module sign indicating number P _NP ₁Control switch S ₁, S ₂,, S _nConducting with end, therefore change the capacitance of programmable electric capacity.

Main purpose of the present invention is that the primary side at power supply unit provides a switching control device, not needing optical coupler and secondary side to stablize under the situation of adjuster, is used for obtaining precise output voltage and maximum output current.Moreover the present invention further proposes the characteristic of frequency hopping, be used for prolonging switching signal switching frequency frequency spectrum and reduce electromagnetic interference.Therefore, can reach volume and the cost that reduces power supply unit.

Certainly; the present invention also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. switching control device is connected in the primary side of a transformer, and control is switched this transformer so that direct current electric power output to be provided, and includes:

One switches power switch, and the one output is connected in one of primary side of this transformer end, and the other end of the primary side of this transformer is connected to an input voltage;

One current sensing device is connected to another output of this power switched switch, by the change action of this power switched switch, is used for sensing one current signal;

One controller, be connected in a control end of this power switched switch, this current sensing device is connected in this transformer by a voltage divider an auxiliary winding, obtain a discharge time of a voltage signal and this transformer and obtain this current signal from this auxiliary winding, and export a switching signal to this control end from this current sensing device;

By this, this controller is between the off period of this switching signal, produce a voltage feedback signal according to this voltage signal, and in the conduction period of this switching signal, this current signal of integration produces a current feedback signal, this voltage feedback signal is used for adjusting this switching signal, and this current feedback signal is used for adjusting the switching frequency of this switching signal.

2. switching control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this controller includes:

One voltage-waveform detector, be connected to the auxiliary winding of being somebody's turn to do of this transformer by ohmic voltage divider, receive this voltage signal by this auxiliary winding, produce this voltage feedback signal and a discharge time signal by this voltage signal of repeatedly taking a sample, this discharge time signal is represented the discharge time of this transformer;

One current-waveform detector is connected to this current sensing device, obtains this current signal by this current sensing device, exports a current waveform signal by measuring this current signal;

One integrator, be connected to this current-waveform detector and this voltage-waveform detector, receive this current waveform signal by this current-waveform detector, see through this voltage-waveform detector and receive this discharge time signal, this current waveform signal of integration and this discharge time signal are used for exporting this current feedback signal;

One current circuit error amplifier is connected to this integrator, receives this current feedback signal and is used for amplifying this current feedback signal, as Current Control;

One oscillator is connected to this current circuit error amplifier, receives this current feedback signal through amplification, to produce a pulse signal, a time signal and a ramp signal;

One voltage circuit error amplifier is connected to this voltage-waveform detector, receives this voltage feedback signal, is used for amplifying this voltage feedback signal;

One adder is connected to this current sensing device and this oscillator, receives this current signal by this current sensing device, receives this ramp signal by this oscillator, is used for producing a slope signal;

One peak current limiter is connected to this current sensing device, receives this current signal, is used for limiting the maximum of this current signal;

One voltage circuit comparator is connected to this adder and this voltage circuit error amplifier, and this voltage feedback signal after receiving this slope signal and amplifying is as voltage control; And

One pulse-width modulator, be connected to this oscillator and connect this peak current limiter and this voltage circuit comparator by a NAND gate logical circuit, according to the output of this pulse signal, this peak current limiter and the output of this voltage circuit comparator, control the pulse duration of this switching signal.

3. switching control device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, this controller further includes a programmable current source, be connected in the input of this voltage-waveform detector, receive the temperature of this controller, be used for exporting a programmable electric current, as the temperature-compensating of this controller.

4. switching control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this controller further comprises:

One module generator is used for producing a digital module sign indicating number;

One first programmable electric capacity is connected to this oscillator and this module generator, adjusts capacitance according to this digital module sign indicating number, is used for the switching frequency of this switching signal of modulation; And

One second programmable electric capacity is connected to this integrator and this module generator, adjusts capacitance according to this digital module sign indicating number, is used for making the time constant of this integrator and the switching frequency generation directly proportional relation of this switching signal.

5. switching control device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the time constant of this integrator and the directly proportional relation of the switching cycle of this switching signal.

6. switching control device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, this voltage-waveform detector comprises:

One sampling pulse generator is used for producing sample-pulse signal;

One critical voltage, wherein this critical voltage adds that this voltage signal produces a level shift reflected signal;

One first signal generator, be connected to this sampling pulse generator, be used for producing first sampled signal and second sampled signal according to sample-pulse signal, wherein this first sampled signal and this second sampled signal are used for control its switch and alternately move with this voltage signal of taking a sample;

One time delay circuit receives this switching signal and produces a time of delay;

One secondary signal generator is connected in this time delay circuit, this minimum detectable signal and this first signal generator, produces this discharge time signal according to this time of delay, level shift reflected signal;

One first electric capacity and one second electric capacity by diverter switch alternating movement this voltage signal of taking a sample, are obtained one first respectively and are kept voltage and one second and keep voltage;

One buffer amplifier is connected in this first electric capacity and this second electric capacity, first keeps voltage and this second high voltage of keeping voltage is kept signal by this; And

One first output capacitance is connected in this buffer amplifier, and this is kept signal and is used for exporting this voltage feedback signal by taking a sample.

7. switching control device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, this voltage-waveform detector this voltage signal of repeatedly taking a sample produces final voltage, be used for producing this voltage feedback signal, wherein before the secondary side switch current of this transformer drops to zero, take a sample immediately and measure this final voltage.

8. switching control device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, this module generator comprises:

One frequency generator is used for producing frequency signal; And

One linear displacement buffer is connected in this frequency generator, is used for producing this digital module sign indicating number according to this frequency signal.

9. switching control device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, this oscillator comprises:

One first voltage changes current converter, is used for producing one first vibration charging current, an oscillating discharge electric current and a time electric current, is to comprise vibration operational amplifier, an oscillation resistance and an oscillistor;

One first oscillating capacitance;

One first oscillation switch, wherein first end points of this first oscillation switch is provided by this vibration charging current, and second end points of this first oscillation switch is connected to this first oscillating capacitance;

One second oscillation switch, wherein first end points of this second oscillation switch is connected to this first oscillating capacitance, and second end points of this second oscillation switch is driven by this oscillating discharge electric current;

One first vibration comparator has anode input and is connected to this first oscillating capacitance, and wherein this first vibration comparator produces this pulse signal;

One the 3rd oscillation switch has first end points and is supplied with by high minimum detectable signal, and second end points is connected to the negative terminal input of this first vibration comparator;

One the 4th oscillation switch has first end points and is supplied with by low minimum detectable signal, and second end points is connected to this negative terminal input of this first vibration comparator;

One second oscillating capacitance;

One the 5th oscillation switch, this second oscillating capacitance is connected in parallel;

One second vibration comparator is connected to this second oscillating capacitance and anode input is connected to a turnover resistance to obtain a breakover voltage, to export this time signal by negative terminal input;

One vibration inverter has the output that an input is connected to this first vibration comparator, is used for producing pulse signal, this vibration inverter output rp pulse signal;

Wherein this pulse signal conducting or by this second oscillation switch and the 4th oscillation switch, wherein this rp pulse signal conduction or end this first oscillation switch and the 3rd oscillation switch.

10. switching control device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, this current-waveform detector comprises:

One peak sensing device is used for producing peak-current signal by the peak value of measuring this current signal;

One the 3rd electric capacity is used for keeping this peak-current signal;

One second output capacitance is used for producing this current waveform signal; And

One switch is used for this peak-current signal of conducting to this second output capacitance, and wherein this switch carries out conducting by this pulse signal or ends.

11. switching control device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, this integrator comprises:

One second voltage changes current converter, receives and produces a first integral charging current according to this current waveform signal;

One first switch, being connected in second voltage changes current converter, is subjected to this time signal to control its conducting or end;

One very first time electric capacity is connected to this first switch, the conducting by this first switch or by so obtain this first integral charging current, be used for producing first integral signal output;

One second switch is connected in parallel in this very first time electric capacity, and this very first time electric capacity is used for discharging;

One second time electric capacity is taken a sample this first integral signal to produce an average current signal by one the 3rd switch;

One second voltage changes current converter, is connected in this second time electric capacity, receives this average current signal and is used for producing a second integral charging current;

One the 4th switch, being connected in tertiary voltage changes current converter, is subjected to this discharge time signal to control its conducting or end;

One the 3rd time electric capacity is connected to the 4th switch, the conducting by the 4th switch or by so obtain this second integral charging current, be used for producing second integral signal output;

One the 5th switch is connected in parallel in the 3rd time electric capacity, and the 3rd time electric capacity is used for discharging; And

One the 4th output capacitance is taken a sample this second integral signal to produce this current feedback signal by one the 6th switch.

12. switching control device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this switching signal has a minimum ON time, be the enabled status of this switching signal, this enabled status can further be guaranteed the minimum value of this discharge time, is used for this voltage signal of repeatedly taking a sample.

13. a switching control device is connected in a transformer, control is switched this transformer so that direct current electric power output to be provided, and includes:

One switches power switch, is connected in this transformer and is used for switching and drives transformer;

One controller is connected in the auxiliary winding of one of one of this power switched switch control end and this transformer, obtains a discharge time of a voltage signal and this transformer from this auxiliary winding, and exports a switching signal to this control end;

By this, this controller by repeatedly taking a sample this voltage signal and produce a voltage feedback signal this discharge time, and produces this switching signal according to this voltage feedback signal between the off period of this switching signal.

14. switching control device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, has a voltage-waveform detector in this controller, this voltage-waveform detector includes:

One sampling pulse generator is used for producing sample-pulse signal;

One minimum detectable signal, wherein this minimum detectable signal adds that this voltage signal produces a level shift reflected signal;

One first signal generator, be connected to this sampling pulse generator, be used for producing first sampled signal and second sampled signal according to sample-pulse signal, wherein this first sampled signal and this second sampled signal are used for control its switch and alternately move with this voltage signal of taking a sample;

One time delay circuit receives this switching signal and produces a time of delay;

One secondary signal generator is connected in this time delay circuit, this minimum detectable signal and this first signal generator, is used for producing this discharge time signal according to this time of delay, level shift reflected signal;

One first electric capacity and one second electric capacity by diverter switch alternating movement this voltage signal of taking a sample, are obtained one first respectively and are kept voltage and one second and keep voltage;

One buffer amplifier is connected in this first electric capacity and this second electric capacity, first keeps voltage and this second high voltage of keeping voltage is kept signal by this; And

One first output capacitance is connected in this buffer amplifier, and this is kept signal and is used for exporting this voltage feedback signal by taking a sample.

15. switching control device according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, this voltage-waveform detector this voltage signal of repeatedly taking a sample produces final voltage, be used for producing this voltage feedback signal, wherein before the secondary side switch current of this transformer drops to zero, take a sample immediately and measure this final voltage.

Images