CN1782449A - Rolling bearing - Google Patents
Rolling bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN1782449A CN1782449A CN200510127205.7A CN200510127205A CN1782449A CN 1782449 A CN1782449 A CN 1782449A CN 200510127205 A CN200510127205 A CN 200510127205A CN 1782449 A CN1782449 A CN 1782449A
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Abstract
To provide a rolling bearing comprises an outer ring, an inner ring, rolling elements, and a holder. Carbonitriding treatment is applied to either of the inner ring, the outer ring, and the rolling elements, and grease using urea compound as thickening agent is enclosed in the rolling bearing.
Description
The application is application number 02817168.3, applying date 2002.9.2, the dividing an application of the application of denomination of invention " angular contact ball bearing and rolling bearing ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to angular contact ball bearing and the rolling bearing of lathe with employed band sealing in the general industry machineries such as main shaft support portion, ball screw supporting portion.
Background technique
Angular contact ball bearing makes the outer diameter D 3 of load side (face side) of inner ring 51 bigger generally as shown in Figure 8, and makes the inside diameter D 4 of load side (back side) of outer ring 52 less, thereby can bear higher thrust load.The inside diameter D 5 of the inside diameter D 2 of the anti-load side of inner ring 51 and the anti-load side of outer ring 52 is considered assembling performance and is provided with the cone shape part that is called as " counterbore (counter bore) " that the side with the shoulder of raceway reduces.Consequently, inner ring outer diameter D 2, D3 and outer ring inside diameter D 4, D5 about obviously different.
Even to this angular contact ball bearing, according to purposes or usage mode etc., also wish sometimes and deep trouth ball bearing etc. similarly adopts sealed type.The purpose that sealing mechanism is set is, prevents that the oiling agent that remains in bearing inside from leaking into the outside, and prevents that dust, moisture etc. are in outside intrusion bearing.Adopt at angular contact ball bearing under the situation of sealed type, identical with general band seal ball bearing, as shown in Figure 9, will seal 55,56 by forming mounting groove 57,58 and be fixed on the outer ring 52. Sealing 55,56 has 2 kinds, that is, and and direct contact seal that the lip of front end (lip) contacts with inner ring 51 and the non-contact seal that does not come in contact.
In addition, in lathe, as shown in figure 12, following form is arranged, that is, be provided with and utilizing motor 71 that ball screw 72 is rotated, the rotation of ball screw 72 matches and the worktable 73 that moves back and forth therewith.This kind lathe carries machining object 74 on worktable 73, Yi Bian make worktable 73 to-and-fro motion, Yi Bian process with 75 pairs of machining object 74 of cutting edge.
At this moment, ball screw 72 is generally supported by bearing 76.These bearing 76 general angular contact ball bearings that use in addition, utilize lubricating grease or oil to be lubricated.
But, often have and cause the situation that produces vibrational loading at described lathe with the support of ball screw on bearing by the increase of the vibration component of the processing load that produces in the processing etc.When this vibrational loading becomes big, just have the problem that on the roller surface of described support, produces fretting (fretting) damage with bearing.This kind fretting damage is to be caused by the small slip of race way, small rolling, microvibration etc., and the deterioration of the bearing performance such as bad of rolling precision (state) is had tremendous influence.
Be directed to this, in the fair 7-92104 communique of spy, announce to have and carry out the method that carbonitriding is handled.This is by carry out the hardness that carbonitriding is handled increases roller surface, the method for raising abrasion resistance on roller surface.
(the problem to be solved in the present invention)
In the angular contact ball bearing in the past shown in Fig. 8, because the part 52a that is provided with counterbore of outer ring 52 is thinner at wall thickness radially, therefore the mounting groove 57 of fixing seal 55 usefulness is set, then be provided with the part of mounting groove 57 at this, the wall thickness of outer ring 52 is thin excessively, thereby the intensity of outer ring 52 is reduced.In addition, when forming mounting groove 57, the inner peripheral surface part 60 from mounting groove 57 to cycle surface imports the hole enlargement part that seals 55 usefulness owing to be set as conduct, so the frontal width W of the essence of outer ring 52 narrows down.The end face 61 of outer ring 52 is the parts that play the axial positioning action of bearing, the part of still bearing prefabricating load.As shown in figure 10, when being arranged side by side this bearing 70 of multiple row, the end face 61 of outer ring 52 affords huge load.The mode that is arranged side by side is like this adopted by general in the bearing of the supporting portion of for example ball screw etc.Therefore, too small will the causing of the frontal width W of outer ring 58 reduced problems such as the location of the distortion of the outer ring 52 cause and bearing is bad, precompressed deficiency by intensity.Though frontal width W is subjected to the influence of size of the each several part of bearing, in any case, mounting groove 57 is set in the part of counterbore 59, just be difficult to guarantee frontal width W.
For example, in angular contact ball bearing, in general, (steel ball size)/(outer ring external diameter-steel ball pitch diameter)=R is designed in 0.4～0.7 the scope.This is because described ratio R compared with bearing size less than 0.4 o'clock, the load-bearing ability is lower, thereby economical inadequately, opposite, when R 0.7 when above, steel ball 53 shared ratio in bearing space becomes big, thereby is difficult to guarantee enough wall thickness of Internal and external cycle 51,52.Even described ratio R is near general lower limit 0.4,,, also be difficult to guarantee fully the frontal width W of outer ring 58 if bearing is provided with mounting groove 57 as the motion example of Fig. 9 when 0.44 when above.
As its countermeasure, think and to reduce face side outer ring inside diameter D 5 (Fig. 8) by dwindling steel ball pitch diameter PCD and steel ball size d, and the wall thickness of outer ring face side is increased.But, when doing like this, to compare with the open type bearing that sealing 55 is not installed, the rigidity of the supporting portion of axle and load load capacity, the rolling fatigue life of bearing will reduce.Especially, for the used angular contact ball bearing of support of the lead screw shaft of the ball screw in the lathe, the reduction of this kind load load capacity, rolling fatigue life will become problem.That is, so be important disadvantages very, because that the rigidity of machine tool feed system reduces is relevant with the reduction of machining accuracy.For load load capacity, rolling fatigue life, also the same with rigidity, its reduction also can become important disadvantages.
On the other hand, because the influence of indoor design, can produce and be difficult to use the key dimension identical to guarantee to seal 55 and the space of installation position with open type bearing.At this moment, though can consider to prolong the width B of bearing,, therefore will lose the interchangeability with open type bearing, so economical inadequately because key dimension changes.
1 of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of angular contact ball bearing is provided, when adopting sealed type, can cause the intensity reduction of lasso or the reduction of frontal width because of the situation that sealing is installed, and can realize the design of the size identical, realize practicability with open type bearing.
In addition, in recent years, in the lathe of working machines such as molding die, require to carry out the processing of complicated more shape gradually.Because the processing of this kind complicated shape is accompanied by small feeding, so shape is complicated more, the frequency of small feeding is just high more.So, on the roller surface of the rolling bearing of the employed ball screw of lathe supporting portion, owing to frequently carry out oscillating motion, therefore small rolling can take place frequently.So, only implement carbonitriding as described above and handle, just can not fully deal with problems, and then make the situation that fretting takes place increase.
For this reason, 2 of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of rolling bearing is provided, and uses even carry out the ball screw supporting portion of lathe of the processing of complicated shape in the frequency of small feeding being used for of increasing, and also has fretting-resistant.
Summary of the invention
Angular contact ball bearing of the present invention is equipped with rolling element between inner ring and outer ring, at least have sealing in a side, the sealing of at least one side is by to be installed in the part that the side with the shoulder of the raceway of inner ring or outer ring reduces be on the circumferential surface sections of counterbore to be pressed into state.That is, sealing is installed on the smooth circumferential surface sections of counterbore to be pressed into state.
Adopt this formation, since be configured in lasso formation the sealing on the circumferential surface sections of counterbore be to be installed on the described circumferential surface sections to be pressed into state, mounting groove is not set and installs, therefore after sealing being installed, can not cause lasso formation the local thin wallization of part of counterbore or the minimizing of frontal width.By suitably designing the section shape of sealing, can realize utilizing sealing is pressed into that this kind do not have the smooth circumferential surface sections of mounting groove and the installation carried out, promptly, at the axial width of widening the telescoping part under the state that is pressed into of sealing on the certain-length etc., for example the anti-sealed lip side in sealing is provided with short cylindrical portion etc.Owing to can mounting groove be set like this and sealing is not installed, therefore just can realize having design and practicability with the angular contact ball bearing of the sealed type of the key dimension of open type bearing equivalence, steel ball pitch diameter, steel ball size etc.Consequently, can be implemented in and prevent that oiling agent from invading the angular contact ball bearing that bearing internal side mask has higher reliability to external leaks, dust or moisture etc. from the outside.In addition, can make the bearing that has with the each several part size of open type bearing equivalence, and can realize the design that supporting portion rigidity, load load capacity, rolling fatigue life are also of equal value, can also obtain interchangeability with open type bearing.
Also can on the circumferential surface sections of the counterbore of described inner ring or outer ring, form the planar sealing attachment face of cylinder, described sealing is installed on the sealing attachment face to be pressed into state.
Be set as cylinder when planar when sealing attachment face like this, the magnitude of interference control that is easy to be pressed into can be carried out stable being pressed into.In described circumferential surface sections is under the situation of tapering surface, even form the planar sealing attachment face of cylinder, because it is different with mounting groove, influence to the wall thickness of lasso and frontal width is very little, therefore, can make and have and will not seal attachment face and make the wall thickness of the planar situation equivalence of cylinder, the lasso of frontal width in fact.
In the present invention, also can adopt and have with the sealing that is pressed into the face side on the circumferential surface sections of counterbore of face side that state is installed in the outer ring and utilize mounting groove to be installed in the bearing of the sealing of the back side on the inner peripheral surface of back side of outer ring.When being installed in sealing on the mounting groove, because narrower the getting final product of axial width of mounting portion, though therefore as back side, narrower from the raceway of outer ring to the axial width of end face, but on the thicker position of radially wall thickness, can not produce the problem that the width deficiency is installed, can not produce the problem that intensity reduces in addition yet by forming of mounting groove.Be pressed into by being in smooth circumferential surface sections in the thin position of outer ring like this, be installed on the mounting groove at axial narrower and radially thicker part place, just can be easily and carry out the installation that each several part seals securely, and can not exert an influence to lasso.
In the present invention, the size relationship of each several part also can adopt following relation.That is, (bearing width)/(inner ring internal diameter)=0.2～1.0, and (bearing width)/(steel ball size)=1.5～2.2.
Though the key dimension of angular contact ball bearing, for example inner ring external diameter, outer ring external diameter, bearing width or height and chamfered section size etc., have by the part of International Organization for Standardization standardization (being in Japan), also have, but (bearing width) of these bearings/(inner ring internal diameter)=S is 0.2～1.0 not by standardized part by JIS B 1512 regulations.When S less than 0.2 the time, just can't adopt the ball size enough, thereby can't obtain enough load load carrying capacities with respect to bearing size.On the contrary, when S surpassed 1.0, because the space of occupying of bearing becomes big, therefore device is whole became big, so economical inadequately.In addition, (bearing width)/(steel ball size)=T is defined as T=1.5～2.2 by described standardization etc.T was less than 1.5 o'clock, and steel ball shared ratio in bearing space becomes big, thereby is difficult to guarantee enough wall thickness of lasso.On the contrary, when T surpasses 2.2, compare with bearing size, the load load carrying capacity is lower, and is therefore economical inadequately.In the bearing of the scope of the S that is set as preferred proportion like this, T, just can adopt of the present invention by sealing being pressed into the structure of installing on the smooth circumferential surface sections that becomes counterbore, thereby can utilize this mounting construction to bring into play described various effect, effect.
Also can make (steel ball size)/(outer ring external diameter-steel ball pitch diameter) more than 0.44.
The value of (steel ball size) of employed angular contact ball bearing/(outer ring external diameter-steel ball pitch diameter)=R is as described in the problem to be solved in the present invention part in the feeding system ball screw of lathe, generally is set in 0.4～0.7 the scope.Even described steel ball occupy ratio R near general lower limit 0.4, when in the bearing more than 0.44, as example in the past, mounting groove being set, then be difficult to guarantee fully the frontal width of outer ring.
Like this, the installation of bearing in the past in order to seal, have to make the ratio R that occupies of steel ball greatly to reduce, thereby have to the limit load load carrying capacity, but, in the present invention owing to adopt the formation that sealing is pressed into smooth circumferential surface sections, when therefore can sealing be installed, the ratio R that occupies of steel ball is increased to more than 0.44, thus the design that can realize increasing the load load carrying capacity.
Angular contact ball bearing of the present invention also can be an employed bearing in the support of lead screw shaft of ball screw.
Employed bearing in the support of the lead screw shaft of ball screw is because the higher thrust load of load, therefore when wrapping angle for example more than 30 ° the time, then need to have the bearing of bigger wrapping angle, i.e. the high bearing of thrust load load carrying capacity.When wrapping angle became big, correspondingly counterbore deepened, and the frontal width of lasso diminishes.Even in the bigger bearing of such wrapping angle, the utilization in adopting the present invention is pressed into and during the structure of the installation that seals to circumferential surface sections, owing to do not have that intensity reduces, the problems such as minimizing of frontal width, therefore can realize this installation.
In addition, the present invention is the bearing that is made of outer ring, inner ring, rolling element and retainer, by using when any one party of inner ring and outer ring or rolling element is implemented the carbonitriding processing, to solve 2 of described problem with carbamide compounds as the rolling bearing in the grease-enclosed described bearing of water-thickening agent use.
When any one party of inner ring and outer ring or rolling element being carried out the carbonitriding processing, will be with in the grease filled bearing of carbamide compounds as the water-thickening agent use.Consequently, form the thin patina of carbamide compounds, and on this film, form oil film with adequate thickness.The thin patina of this carbamide compounds is because higher with the adaptation of carbonitrided case, even therefore small rolling takes place continually, also lubricating grease can be remained on the roller surface, suppress the fretting on the roller surface, thereby prevent the reduction of durability effectively.In addition, even the oil film that is formed by lubricating grease for example between rolling element and roller surface breaks, make when rolling element and roller surface have taken place directly to contact, utilize the effect of the carbonitrided case on rolling element or the roller surface, also can suppress the generation and the development of little damage of shaking within a certain period of time.In addition, the described oil film that is formed by lubricating grease, also can promptly be repaired even therefore taken place to break owing to higher with the adaptation of carbonitrided case.So,, also can before little damage of shaking takes place, repair oil film even oil film breaks and rolling element is directly contacted with roller surface.So, make to significantly improve for little tolerance of shaking damage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the part sectioned view of the angular contact ball bearing of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the part sectioned view that the design example of the identical bearing size of the bearing of this mode of execution and in the past bearing is compared expression.
Fig. 3 (A), (B) are respectively the sectional drawings of arrangement example of the angular contact ball bearing of this mode of execution.
Fig. 4 (A), (B) are respectively other the sectional drawings of arrangement example of the angular contact ball bearing of this mode of execution.
Fig. 5 is the sectional drawing of feed mechanism that the lathe of same angular contact ball bearing has been used in expression.
Fig. 6 is expression other the part sectioned view of angular contact ball bearing of mode of execution of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the part sectioned view of the angular contact ball bearing of expression another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the sectional drawing of non-tight formula angular contact ball bearing in the past.
Fig. 9 is the sectional drawing of the motion example of sealed angular contact ball bearing in the past.
Figure 10 is the sectional drawing that is arranged side by side example of angular contact ball bearing in the past.
Figure 11 is the sectional drawing of the example of expression angular contact ball bearing of the present invention.
Figure 12 is that expression has used ball screw to support the schematic representation of the example of the processing device of using bearing.
Figure 13 is the schematic representation that is illustrated in the bearing that uses in embodiment 1, the comparative example 1～3.
Figure 14 is used to carry out the Fife to receive the ssembly drawing of (Fafnir) type fretting wear test.
Figure 15 is the small chart that waves the result of wear test of expression.
Figure 16, Figure 17 are the result's of the small sliding wear testing of expression charts.
Figure 18, Figure 19 are the result's of the damaged probability test of expression accumulation charts.
Wherein, 1: inner ring; 2: the outer ring; 3: rolling element; 4: retainer; 5,6: raceway; 7,8: counterbore; 9,10: sealing; 11: inner peripheral surface; 11a: sealing attachment face; 12: mounting groove; 17: end face; D: the diameter of steel ball; PCD: pitch diameter; W: frontal width.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawings first mode of execution of the present invention is described.This angular contact ball bearing is equipped with a plurality of rolling elements 3 between the raceway 5,6 as the inner ring 1 of lasso and outer ring 2, these rolling elements 3 are maintained among the depression 4a of retainer 4.Compare with the deep trouth ball bearing, the external diameter of the load side of inner ring 1 (face side F) is big, and the internal diameter of the load side of outer ring 2 (back side B) is little, generates the wrapping angle θ with raceway 5,6.For the ease of the bearing assembling, on the non-load side of inner ring 1, be formed with the counterbore 7 of conduct with the part of the shoulder reduction of a side of raceway 5, on the non-load side of outer ring 2, also be formed with the counterbore 8 of conduct with the part of the shoulder reduction of a side of raceway 6.
On the both sides of the bearing space of 1,2 of Internal and external cycles, dispose sealing 9,10.The sealing of face side F is by being pressed on the part of inner peripheral surface 11 that state is installed in the counterbore 8 that forms outer ring 2, and the sealing 10 of back side B is installed in the mounting groove 12 on the aperture surface that is formed at outer ring 2.These sealings 9,10 both can be contact seal, also can be non-contact seal, adopted contact seal in this mode of execution.
The inner peripheral surface 11 that forms the counterbore 8 of outer ring 2 is set as coniform, is set as the planar sealing attachment face 11a of cylinder near the end in its bearing outside.The sealing 9 of face side is the embedding part 9a that has short tubular on the anti-sealed lip at cardinal extremity, utilizes this embedding part 9a that sealing is entrenched on the described sealing attachment face 11a to be pressed into state.Because it is chimeric that the sealing 9 of face side is pushed down in the condition with magnitude of interference, therefore sealing 9 can not come off after being pressed into.In addition, by adjusting described magnitude of interference, can freely select the urgent power of this sealing 9 and outer ring 2.The embedding part 9a of short tubular is made into cylindric, and outer diametric plane is to be parallel to axial face.Sealing 9 is that elastomers such as rubber 15 are fixed on parts on the core iron 14, and the sealed lip 9b that is made of elastomer 15 contacts with the outer circumferential face of inner ring 1.Core iron 14 is made into the section shape of L word shape, and its 1 limit constitutes described embedding part 9a.The part of elastomer 15 is coated on the periphery of short barrel of cardinal extremity of core iron 14, utilizes this elastomer 15 to be entrenched on the sealing attachment face 11a of outer ring 2, still, core iron 14 is entrenched on the sealing attachment face 11a.In addition, the embedding part 9a of the sealing 9 of face side can not make barrel surface with outer diametric plane yet, but adopts conical surface shape, utilizes this conical surface shape can fix sealing 9 yet.When adopting conical surface shape, the sealing attachment face 11a of outer ring 2 is made into the conical surface, for example is made into to begin continuous face from other part of inner peripheral surface 11.
The sealing 10 of back side is made into elastomer is fixed on parts on the core iron integratedly, and utilizes elastomeric part to be installed on the mounting groove 12 of outer ring 2 with chimeric status.Inner peripheral surface part 16 from mounting groove 12 to cycle surface is made as and imports the hole enlargement part that back side seals 10 usefulness.The shape of the sealed lip 10b of back side sealing 10 also can adopt any one form of contact type, non-contact type.
With each sealing sealed lip 9b of 9,10, inner ring 1 that 10b faces mutually and the circumferential surface sections of outer ring 2, though in this mode of execution, be made into the plane, but also can form oil groove, in this oil groove, make respectively to seal 9,10 sealed lip 9b, 10b and contact with it or Spielpassung.The lubricated form of bearing both can be a grease lubrication, also can be oil lubrication.
When adopting this to constitute, owing on face side and back side, be provided with sealing 9,10, can form sealed type, and can constitute and to prevent that oiling agent from invading the high angular contact ball bearing of reliability of bearing inside from the outside to external leaks and dust or moisture etc.Be disposed at the face side sealing 9 on the circumferential surface sections that is formed with counterbore 8 11 of outer ring 2 owing to be set as to be pressed into state and be installed in parts on the described circumferential surface sections 11, therefore can mounting groove be set and install.The shape of face side sealing 9 is as long as the shape of its fixed position is the shape that can be installed on the smooth sealing attachment face 11a, and the shape of sealed lip 9b can at random be determined, can adopt any one form of contact type, non-contact type.The shape of the sealed lip 9b of face side sealing 9 is identical with the situation that slot stationary type in the past seals, and therefore can not cause the function of the leakage that prevents oiling agent and prevent that dust, moisture etc. from reducing from the function of intrusion bearing inside, outside.Though the sealing 10 of back side is installed on the mounting groove 12,, therefore can not produce the problem of the intensity reduction that causes by mounting groove 12 because the wall thickness radially of the back side of outer ring 2 is thicker.Back side since from the outer ring 2 raceway 6 narrower to the axial width of end face, therefore by using mounting groove 12, can be easy to carry out the installation in narrow space.
Like this, because mounting groove can be set, the sealing 9 of face side is fixed on the part that is formed with counterbore 8 of outer ring 2, therefore can prevents the thin-walled property of part of formation part of the counterbore 8 of outer ring 2, can also guarantee frontal width W in addition.In addition, can also use bearing interior space under the open type bearing situation to fix the sealing 9,10 of face side and back side.So, can not cause the change width of bringing because adopt sealed type.
According to the above, the angular contact ball bearing of this mode of execution can realize having the key dimension identical with open type bearing, the design of the sealed bearing of steel ball pitch diameter PCD, steel ball size d, improve for prevent oiling agent to external leaks, dust or moisture etc. when the reliability of bearing inside is invaded in the outside, can also obtain supporting portion rigidity, load load capacity, rolling fatigue life with the open type bearing equivalence.So the angular contact ball bearing of this mode of execution can have the interchangeability with open type bearing.
Fig. 2 is in order to use concrete example (A) and the angular contact ball bearing with the mounting groove fixing seal in the past (B) in the angular contact ball bearing of ball screw support usefulness to compare to the bearing with this mode of execution, according to the figure of actual size with same size expression arranged side by side.Bearing size is: inner ring internal diameter (diameter) 75mm, bearing width 20mm, 60 ° of wrapping angles.
R=(steel ball size)/(outer ring external diameter-steel ball pitch diameter)=0.549.
Design the angular contact ball bearing (Fig. 2 (B)) of sealed type with the existing mode that is provided with mounting groove 57, then as described in the problem to be solved in the present invention part, the wall thickness of the part of the frontal width W of outer ring face side end face and the counterbore of outer ring 52, part at mounting groove 51 becomes too small, thereby causes the distortion of outer ring 52 and problems such as the bearing location is bad, precompressed deficiency.
On the other hand, in the bearing (Fig. 2 (A)) of embodiments of the present invention, the sealing 9,10 of both sides all is fixed on the outer ring 2, and back side sealing 10 is to use with identical in the past mounting groove 12 to fix, and face side sealing 9 is to fix by being pressed into, thereby forms sealed bearing.
At this moment, the frontal width W of the face side cycle surface can not occurring seeing in the sealing and fixing mode in the past (Fig. 2 (B)) of using mounting groove 57 and the too small situation of outer ring wall thickness at counterbore portion 8 places can the actual designs of using thereby form.
In this mode of execution (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 (A)), though the axially locating of face side sealing 9 is to control by the residual error of the end face of face side cycle surface 17 and sealing 9, but, also can position by sealing 9 interface that are urged to withdrawing slot part 13 and counterbore portion 11.
The angular contact ball bearing of ball screw support usefulness is in most cases such shown in Fig. 3 (A), (B) difference, lines up 2 row or 3 row uses, lines up 4 in addition and be listed as use etc. as Fig. 4 (A), (B), makes up by multiple row to constitute the supporting portion.The example of Fig. 3 (A) is the example that makes the 20 positive involutory arrangements of 2 row angular contact ball bearings, bears thrust load with 1 row.The example of Fig. 3 (B) is to make 2 row (right side 2 row among the figure) in 3 row positive involutory, and 1 remaining row are arranged towards equidirectional with adjacent row, bears thrust load with 2 row.The example of Fig. 4 (A) is to make central authorities 2 row in 4 row positive involutory, and the row that make its both sides and adjacent row are towards equidirectional (so-called DFTT combination), is listed as with 3 and bears thrust load.The example of Fig. 4 (B) is to make 2 row of end of the side (right side among the figure) in 4 row positive involutory, and 2 remaining row and adjacent row are towards equidirectional (DTFT combination), is listed as with 3 and bears thrust load.
When the ground of multiple row like this arrangement angles contact ball bearing 20, the bigger load (the back side end face of inner ring 1 is also identical) of load on the face side end face W of outer ring 2.But, if the angular contact ball bearing 20 in this mode of execution then owing to guaranteed the frontal width W of outer ring 2 fully, therefore also can be used to make the purposes of described multiple row combination.And, owing to have key dimension, supporting portion rigidity, load load capacity, rolling fatigue life with the open type bearing equivalence, therefore under the situation of the sealed bearing of being replaced by present embodiment from open type bearing, the obstacle on the function can not take place.
Fig. 5 has represented to use the feed mechanism of the lathe of this angular contact ball bearing.Worktable 31 is arranged on the base station 32 by guide rail (not shown) free to advance or retreatly,, utilize the driving of drive motor 33, by ball screw 34 to its driving of advancing and retreat.The nut 35 of ball screw 34 is installed on the worktable 31, and lead screw shaft 36 can be supported on the base station 32 freely to rotate by the supporting portion 37,38 at two ends.Lead screw shaft 36 links together by the motor shaft 33a of coupling 39 with drive motor 33.Described each supporting portion 37,38 utilizes the rolling bearing of being located among sleeve 37a, the 38a 20,41 to support lead screw shaft 36.Wherein, the rolling bearing 40 of the supporting portion 37 of drive motor 33 sides is employed is the angular contact ball bearing 30 of described mode of execution.In addition, in this supporting portion 37,, like that, be arranged with multiple row angular contact ball bearing 20 shown in Fig. 4 (A), (B) etc. as Fig. 3 (A), (B).
Size relationship to the each several part of the angular contact ball bearing 20 of mode of execution shown in Figure 11 describes below.This size relationship is the example of situation etc. of bearing of support usefulness that is applicable to the feeding system ball screw of lathe.
This angular contact ball bearing, its
S=(bearing width)/(inner ring internal diameter)=0.2～1.0,
And
T=(bearing width)/(steel ball size)=1.5～2.2.
In addition,
R=(steel ball size)/(outer ring external diameter-steel ball pitch diameter) 〉=0.44,
And
R≤0.7。
Wrapping angle θ is more than 30 °.
The key dimension of rolling bearing is promptly represented the size of the profile of bearing, and for the Economy of international interchangeability and production, (ISO) carried out standardization by the International Organization for Stand.In Japan by JIS B 1512 defineds.The internal diameter that its main content is a bearing, external diameter, width or height and chamfer dimesion are being very important size with Bearing Installation in axle and sleeve the time.About in-built size in principle regulation not.Though the size majority of rolling bearing is prescribed, this is to prepare in the future in order to realize standardization, and the actual now size of using is not these dimension serieses entirely.
Though the key dimension of rolling bearing has described like that standardized size, and not standardized size is also arranged,, their (bearing width)/(inner ring internal diameter)=S is 0.2～1.0.When S less than 0.2 the time, can't adopt the ball size enough, thereby can not obtain enough load load carrying capacities with respect to bearing size.On the contrary, when S surpassed 1.0, because the space of occupying of bearing becomes big, therefore device is whole became big, thereby economical inadequately.
In addition, (bearing width)/(steel ball size)=T is defined as T=1.5～2.2 by described standardization etc.When T less than 1.5 the time, steel ball proportion in bearing space becomes big, thereby is difficult to guarantee enough wall thickness of lasso.On the contrary, when T surpasses 2.2, compare with bearing size, the load load carrying capacity is lower, thereby economical inadequately.In the bearing of the scope of the S that is set as preferred proportion like this, T, can adopt this mode of execution pass through will seal 9 and be pressed into the structure of installing on the smooth circumferential surface sections that becomes counterbore 8, thereby can bring into play described various effect, effect in the case.
In addition, the value of (steel ball size)/(outer ring external diameter-steel ball the pitch diameter)=R of employed angular contact ball bearing is as described in the problem to be solved in the present invention part in the feeding system ball screws of lathe etc., generally is set in 0.4～0.7 the scope.This be because, described ratio R compares with bearing size 0.4 when following, the load load carrying capacity is lower, thereby economical inadequately, on the contrary, when R 0.7 when above, steel ball proportion change in bearing space thereby is difficult to guarantee enough wall thickness of Internal and external cycle greatly.Even described steel ball occupy ratio R near general lower limit 0.4, in the bearing more than 0.44, as the example of in the past Fig. 9, mounting groove 57 is set, then be difficult to guarantee fully the frontal width W of outer ring 58.
Like this, the installation of bearing in the past in order to seal, have to make the ratio R that occupies of steel ball greatly to reduce, thereby have to the limit load load carrying capacity, but, owing to adopt the formation that sealing is pressed into smooth circumferential surface sections, what therefore can make steel ball occupies ratio R greatly to more than 0.44 in the present invention, thus the design that can realize increasing the load load carrying capacity.
For wrapping angle θ, in the support of the ball screw of the feeding system of lathe etc. with in the bearing etc., because therefore the higher thrust load of load adopts the bearing with the wrapping angle θ more than 30 °.That is, adopt the high angular contact ball bearing 30 of thrust load load carrying capacity.
And, though described mode of execution is illustrated the example that the sealing 10 of back side is installed on the outer ring 2 to utilizing mounting groove 12, but, also can be as shown in Figure 6, with the sealing 10A of back side also with the sealing 9 of face side in the same manner to be pressed on the inner peripheral surface that state is installed in outer ring 2.At this moment, the sealing 10A of back side is identical with the sealing 9 of face side, is formed on the shape that cardinal extremity has the embedding part 10Aa of tubular.In the mode of execution of this figure, the sealing 10A of back side adopts identical section shape except different with the diameter of the sealing 9 of face side.
In addition, though described each mode of execution the situation that will seal 9,10,10A is installed on the outer ring 2 is illustrated,, the present invention also can be as shown in Figure 7, is applicable to sealing 9B, 10B are installed in situation on the inner ring 1.At this moment, the employing sealing 9B that will be installed on the part of counterbore 7 of inner ring 1 is installed in form on the circumferential surface sections that forms counterbore 7 to be pressed into state.
Though described each mode of execution all to seal 9,10,10A, 9B, 10B be illustrated for the situation that the elastomer with rubber etc. is fixed on the parts on the core iron, but, these sealings 9,10,10A, 9B, 10B also can be metal sealing plates, can also be the sealing of oil sealing type in addition.In addition, though described each mode of execution is illustrated the example that sealing 9,10,10A are set in both sides,, even the bearing of sealing only is installed in a side of bearing face according to purposes, install in the bearing of sealing in its counterbore side, also can be suitable for the present invention.
In addition, rolling bearing of the present invention as shown in figure 11, it is the bearing that constitutes by outer ring 83, inner ring 81, rolling element 87 and retainer 88, be by on inner ring 81 and outer ring 83, carry out carbonitriding handle carbonitriding processing layer 85 is set in, the rolling bearing that will enclose in the described bearing with the lubricating grease 86 that carbamide compounds uses as water-thickening agent also.In addition, though in Figure 11, there is no demonstration,, not on inner ring 81 and the outer ring 83 but rolling element 87 is provided with the rolling bearing of carbonitriding processing layer 85 is also contained in the rolling bearing of the present invention.
The material of described outer ring 83, inner ring 81, rolling element 87, can enumerate SUJ 2, SUJ 3 or contain C:0.1～1.0 weight %, Mn:0.1～1.0 weight %, Cr:0.1～20 weight %, remainder is the steel of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
It is a kind of means that make the metal surface sclerosis that so-called described carbonitriding is handled.Though implementing this carbonitriding processing is owing to utilize common Carburization Treatment can make tough and tensile material, can produce heat-labile situation.Be directed to this, utilize nitriding to handle, in the sclerosis material surface, also make residual austenite become thermally-stabilised, form the strong material of impact resistance.In addition, can separate out an amount of carbide, not reduce rupture strength, improve fatigue strength.Can on any one of inner ring 81 and outer ring 83 or rolling element 87, form this carbonitriding processing layer 85.
As described carbonitriding facture, can enumerate carried out carbonitriding in the high-temperature gas that in carburizing atmosphere, has added ammonia and handled after, quench, the method for tempering.
Described retained austenite amount is preferably 20～40%.When less than 20% the time, have the situation that can not substantially improve rolling fatigue life, on the other hand, when surpassing 40%, the hardness that has a carbonitrided case reduces and situation that wear-resistant property is reduced.
Described lubricating grease 86 is as water-thickening agent, to the material that has wherein added base oil with carbamide compounds.When using with carbamide compounds, on the Internal and external cycle roller surface, form the thin oxide film of carbamide compounds, and on this film, form oil film with adequate thickness as the lubricating grease of water-thickening agent.
Particularly, when as described, on the Internal and external cycle roller surface, implementing the carbonitriding processing, even the small rolling of rolling element frequently takes place, the oil film that is formed by the lubricating grease between rolling element and the roller surface breaks, and when rolling element is directly contacted with roller surface, also can utilize the effect of the carbonitrided case on rolling element or the roller surface, suppress the development of little damage of shaking.In addition, the oil film that is formed by described lubricating grease even therefore break, also can be repaired rapidly because higher with the adaptation of carbonitrided case.So the effect that multiplies each other of utilizing described lubricating grease and described carbonitriding to handle just can suppress fretting and prevents the reduction of durability effectively.
Described carbamide compounds be aliphatic category, the alicyclic ring same clan, the fragrant same clan any one all can, they can be mixed the back with ratio arbitrarily and use.In the middle of them, better with two ureas or polyureas that following [changing 1] formula is represented, wherein two ureas are preferred.
[changing 1]
(in the formula, R2 is fragrant same clan alkyl, aliphatic category alkyl or the alicyclic ring same clan alkyl of carbon number 6～15, and R1 and R3 represent any one in the alkyl of cyclohexane derivant, carbon number 6～20 of fragrant same clan alkyl, cyclohexyl, the carbon number 7～12 of carbon number 6～12.)
As described base oil, though can enumerate from mineral oil, synthetic hydrocarbon oil and essential oil, select more than one lubricant oil or the miscella that mixes with proportioning arbitrarily,, in the middle of them, preferably use mineral oil.Mineral oil is because good with the intermiscibility of described urea water-thickening agent, and lubricity is good, and denseness is also suitable, therefore can not cause lubricating grease to leak, and also can not damage the toolability of lubricating grease oil film.
Described water-thickening agent can be 1～40 weight % with respect to the mixed proportion of ureas lubricating grease, preferred 5～20 weight %.When less than 1 weight %, the sclerosis of the gel of water-thickening agent is insufficient, and denseness increases, thereby the lubricating grease leakage takes place easily.On the other hand, when surpassing 40 weight %, denseness reduces, mobile variation.
And, in described ureas lubricating grease, in the scope of the function that does not hinder ureas lubricating grease, can add known rust preventing agent or antioxidant, high pressure additive, wear inhibitor, oiliness improver, rust resisting compound, flow point depressant, viscosity index improving agent, structural stabilizing agent, tackifier, antistatic agent interfering, emulsifier, colorant etc.
Described lubricating grease 86 is filled into bearing inside, specifically, as shown in figure 11, is filled in part between inner ring 81 and the outer ring 83 with the form that covers rolling element 87 and retainer 88.At this moment, when sealed bearing is used as rolling bearing, on the face portion of bearing and back side portion and the interface outside, by 89,90 sealings of sealing.When using this sealed type rolling bearing, just can prevent that lubricating grease 86 is to external leaks.At this moment, also can not use sealing, and use sealing plate.
Form parts is adopted in these 2 sealings 89,90.Direction in the time of can confirming the bearing assembling whereby easily, thus assembly defect can be prevented.
Though the kind for rolling bearing of the present invention does not limit the preferred angle contact ball bearing especially.
In addition, rolling bearing of the present invention can be used in the supporting portion of employed ball screw in the supporting portion of ball screw, particularly lathe.In the ball screw supporting portion of described lathe, when use the ball screw supporting portion of the machining center of the processing of the complicated shape that increases when the frequency that is used for carrying out small feeding, can more effectively bring into play the fretting-resistant characteristic, therefore desirable more.
Embodiment
Utilize embodiment to be described in more details below.At first, in following embodiment 1 and 2, as the judgement that has or not, at small skimming wear and smallly wave wearing and tearing and test to the tolerance of fretting.
[carbonitriding processing]
Use the inner ring and the outer ring steel plate of SUJ 2 systems, their rolling surface has been carried out the carbonitriding processing.It is to utilize the methods that kept 40 minutes under 880 ℃ in the continuous furnace of the ammonia that has added volume ratio 10% in NX gas to carry out that carbonitriding is handled.Then, under 180 ℃, carry out 2 hours tempering, obtained the steel plate that carbonitriding is handled.
The surface hardness of resulting steel plate (HRC) is 63.2.In addition, handling preceding HRC is 61.9.
[embodiment 1] (the small wear test of waving)
Make and carried out outer ring 90a and inner ring 90b that described carbonitriding handles and make up, made (the inner ring internal diameter * outer ring internal diameter * width=20mm * 40mm * 14mm) of bearing 91 as shown in figure 13 with rolling element (SUJ 2 systems) 90c.Enclose the ureas lubricating grease 1g that records and narrates in the table 1 this moment and (in Figure 13, do not show lubricating grease.)。Using this bearing 91, is that standard has been carried out the Fife and received (Fafnir) type fretting wear test with ASTM D 4170.Specifically, as shown in figure 14, fixedly outer ring 90a and inner ring 90b respectively on 2 bearing holding parts 96, according to illustrated order with axle 93 through bolt 92.Then, regulate the degree of screwing of bolt 92, utilize the spring 94 load (load=2.45kN) of loading.Portion is installed on the testing machine with chuck (chuck), utilizes toggle-action lever to connect and waves portion 95 and motor, in atmosphere, under the room temperature, motor is rotated.Under the condition of angle of oscillation 12deg (critical angle of oscillation 30deg), wobble frequency 30Hz, carry out test in 8 hours, according to the reduction of weight of the Internal and external cycle after the test, the wearing character of steel plate is estimated.Its result is illustrated among Figure 15.
[comparative example 1]
Except using the SUJ 2 system inner rings and the lithium base class lubricating grease shown in outer ring and the table 1 that do not carry out the carbonitriding processing, identical with embodiment 1, carried out the small wear test of waving.Its result is illustrated among Figure 15.
[comparative example 2]
Except using the lithium base class lubricating grease shown in the table 1 as the lubricating grease, identical with embodiment 1, carried out the small wear test of waving.Its result is illustrated among Figure 15.
[comparative example 3]
Except using the ureas lubricating grease shown in the table 1 as the lubricating grease, identical with comparative example 1, carried out the small wear test of waving.Its result is illustrated among Figure 15.
(result)
Be clear that from embodiment 1 and comparative example 1～3, handle by on roller surface, carrying out carbonitriding, and use carbamide compounds, just can reduce the small wearing and tearing of waving, the i.e. wearing and tearing that cause by small rolling significantly as lubricating grease.So, obviously have for tolerance as the fretting of reason.
[embodiment 2] (small sliding wear testing)
Rolling element (SUJ 2 systems) is placed on the steel plate that has carried out described carbonitriding processing, uses the ureas lubricating grease described in the table 1, utilize following method to carry out small sliding wear testing as lubricating grease.This moment test conditions be, the load that is added on the rolling element is 98N, the amplitude of rolling element on steel plate is 0.47mm, vibration frequency is 30Hz, the load number of times be 8.6 * 10
5Circulation, test period is 8 hours.
Then, pair measure with the rectangular point more than 5 of wear direction with Talysurf, with the darkest value as the steel plate wearing depth.In addition, the wear extent of rolling element (υ) is to use the measurement microscope fraze, and calculate with following formula.The result of steel plate wearing depth is illustrated among Figure 16, and the result of the wear extent of rolling element is illustrated among Figure 17.
υ＝(πh
2×(3r-h))/3
h＝r-(4r
2-c
2)
1/2/2
R: the radius of steel ball, h: the wearing depth of steel ball, c: the diameter of friction marks
[comparative example 4]
Except using the SUJ 2 system inner rings and the lithium base class lubricating grease shown in outer ring and the table 1 that do not carry out the carbonitriding processing, identical with embodiment 2, carried out small sliding wear testing.The result of steel plate wearing depth is illustrated among Figure 16, and the result of the wear extent of rolling element is illustrated among Figure 17.
[comparative example 5]
Except using the lithium base class lubricating grease shown in the table 1 as the lubricating grease, identical with embodiment 2, carried out small sliding wear testing.The result of steel plate wearing depth is illustrated among Figure 16, and the result of the wear extent of rolling element is illustrated among Figure 17.
[comparative example 6]
Except using the ureas lubricating grease shown in the table 1 as the lubricating grease, identical with comparative example 4, carried out small sliding wear testing.The result of steel plate wearing depth is illustrated among Figure 16, and the result of the wear extent of rolling element is illustrated among Figure 17.
[table 1]
| Lubricating grease | |||||||
| Trade mark | Producer | Water-thickening agent | Denseness | Base oil | Base oil viscosity (mm 2/s) | ||
| 40℃ | 100℃ | ||||||
| Ureas lubricating grease | Pyronic Universal N6C | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil | Urea | 289 | Mineral oil | 108.5 | 11.9 |
| Lithium base class lubricating grease | Alvania No.2 | Clear and Shell | Lithium | 277 | Mineral oil | 131.5 | 9.9 |
(result)
Be clear that from embodiment 2 and comparative example 4～5, handle by on roller surface, carrying out carbonitriding, and use carbamide compounds, can reduce small skimming wear significantly, i.e. the wearing and tearing that cause by small slip as lubricating grease.In addition, can be clear that embodiment 2 has anti-small skimming wear characteristic fully from embodiment 2 and comparative example 6.
[embodiment 3]
Described carbonitriding processing is carried out in inner ring 81 and outer ring 83 to SUJ 2 systems, makes it to make up with the rolling element 87 of SUJ 2 systems, has made angular contact ball bearing shown in Figure 11.Then, with the described ureas lubricating grease of table 1 as grease-enclosed.To this bearing imposed load 6.9kN (radial load), make it to rotate with 2000rpm.Measure the time in damaged 10% life-span of probability of accumulation of this moment.Its result is illustrated among Figure 18.
And, so-called " accumulating damaged 10% life-span of probability " is meant, when one group of identical bearing was rotated separately, the surfacial spalling (flaking) that is caused by rolling contact fatigue can not take place and the total revolution or the running time of the essence of rotating in its 90% (reliability 90%).
[comparative example 7]
Except the inner ring 81 of SUJ 2 system and outer ring 83 having been carried out integral quenching as follows handles, identical with embodiment 3, measured the time of accumulating damaged 10% life-span of probability.Its result is illustrated among Figure 18.
And so-called integral quenching is handled and is meant, under 800～850 ℃ to after the Bearing Steel heating, keeping, it is carried out Quenching Treatment.In steel, form martensitic structure thus, thereby make hardened material.
[embodiment 4]
Except use in the ureas lubricating grease shown in the table 1, sneaked into foreign matter mixture as lubricating grease, identical with embodiment 3, measured the time of accumulating damaged 10% life-span of probability.Its result is illustrated among Figure 19.
[comparative example 8]
Except the inner ring 81 of SUJ 2 system and outer ring 83 having been carried out integral quenching as follows handles, identical with embodiment 4, measured the time of accumulating damaged 10% life-span of probability.Its result is illustrated among Figure 19.
(result)
Be clear that from embodiment 3,4 and comparative example 7,8 handle by carry out carbonitriding on roller surface, and use carbamide compounds as lubricating grease, resulting angular contact ball bearing has enough durability.
(effect of invention)
Angular contact ball bearing of the present invention is equipped with rolling element between inner ring and outer ring, at least has sealing in a side, the sealing of at least one side is installed in the sealing on the circumferential surface sections of counterbore to be pressed into state, although be sealed therefore, but can not caused by the factor that sealing is installed the strength decreased of lasso or the reduction of frontal width, thereby can realize the design of the size identical with open type bearing and practical.
In addition, bearing of the present invention is because when implementing the carbo-nitriding processing to any one party of inner ring and outer ring or rolling element, in bearing, enclose the lubricating grease that uses as thickener with carbamide compounds, therefore form the thin oxide-film of carbamide compounds, and form the oil film with adequate thickness at this film. The thin oxide-film of this carbamide compounds is because higher with the adaptation of carbonitrided case, even therefore small rolling occurs continually, also lubricating grease can be remained on the roller surface, suppress the little damage of shaking on the roller surface, thereby effectively prevent the reduction of durability.
In addition, even the oil film that is formed by the lubricating grease between rolling element and roller surface occurs damaged, and when rolling element is directly contacted with roller surface, also can utilize the effect of the carbonitrided case on rolling element or the roller surface, within a certain period of time, suppress generation and the development of little damage of shaking. In addition, the oil film that is formed by described lubricating grease is because higher with the adaptation of carbonitrided case, even therefore occur damagedly, also can promptly repair. So, even oil film occurs damaged and rolling element is directly contacted with roller surface, also can before little damage of shaking occurs, repair oil film. So, so that significantly improve for little tolerance of shaking damage.
In addition, this ball-screw supports with bearing owing to having sealing, so bearing inside is sealed. So, can suppress the splash phenomena everywhere of the open middle lubricating grease of seeing in the past.
In addition, can prevent that the foreign matter such as cooling fluid from invading in the lubricating grease from ambiance.
In addition, because two kinds be sealed into abnormity, the direction when therefore being easy to confirm the bearing assembling, thus can prevent assembly defect.
Claims (5)
1. rolling bearing, it is the bearing that constitutes by outer ring, inner ring, rolling element and retainer, it is characterized in that when any one party of inner ring and outer ring or rolling element being carried out the carbonitriding processing, enclosing has the lubricating grease that uses as water-thickening agent with carbamide compounds in described bearing.
2. rolling bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that described bearing is an angular contact ball bearing.
3. rolling bearing according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described bearing is a sealed bearing.
4. according to any described rolling bearing in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that it is used for the ball screw supporting portion.
5. rolling bearing according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described ball screw supporting portion is used for lathe.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001265674 | 2001-09-03 | ||
| JP2001265674 | 2001-09-03 | ||
| JP2001361975 | 2001-11-28 | ||
| JP2001394898 | 2001-12-26 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB028171683A Division CN100339605C (en) | 2001-09-03 | 2002-09-02 | Angular ball bearing and roller bearing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1782449A true CN1782449A (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| CN100436848C CN100436848C (en) | 2008-11-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101272057A Expired - Lifetime CN100436848C (en) | 2001-09-03 | 2002-09-02 | Rolling bearing |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN100436848C (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4992111A (en) * | 1988-08-15 | 1991-02-12 | N.T.N. Corporation | Bearing race member and method of fabrication |
| US5282689A (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1994-02-01 | Nsk Ltd. | Rolling bearing |
| US5385412A (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1995-01-31 | Nsk Ltd. | Rolling bearing |
| JPH1047334A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-02-17 | Nippon Seiko Kk | Rolling slide parts |
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| CN100436848C (en) | 2008-11-26 |
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Granted publication date: 20081126 |