CN1777704B - Electrolytic tank and structural elements to be used therein - Google Patents
Electrolytic tank and structural elements to be used therein Download PDFInfo
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- CN1777704B CN1777704B CN2004800106481A CN200480010648A CN1777704B CN 1777704 B CN1777704 B CN 1777704B CN 2004800106481 A CN2004800106481 A CN 2004800106481A CN 200480010648 A CN200480010648 A CN 200480010648A CN 1777704 B CN1777704 B CN 1777704B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/20—Automatic control or regulation of cells
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Abstract
The present invention concerns an arrangement of one or more structural elements (3) in a cell lining, in particular for use as a side lining in aluminium electrolysis cells (5). The present invention concerns in particular improvements to the design of and choice of materials for side linings designed to be fitted in existing electrolysis cells, plus the design and production of the stated material, where the main purpose of the material is to utilise it for energy recovery in electrolysis cells. The present invention also describes possible materials for use in the elements and production of these elements.
Description
Foreword
Produce based on the aluminium of the electrolysis tech of so-called Hall-Heroult electrolyzer using at present, the work of electrolyzer depends on the formation of solidifying (frozen) ionogen protective layer on the cell sidewall liner and keeps.This tank liquor that solidifies is called as side wall layer (side layer), the destruction that it can protect the sidewall liner of electrolyzer not to be subjected to chemical substance and mechanical wear.It is the primary condition that obtains long bath life.The crystalline tank liquor can also play buffering to changes in thermal balance to electrolyzer.During operation, because unwanted work disturbance (change of tank liquor acidity, the change of aluminum concentration, variation of interelectrode distance or the like) and the operation that needs (discharge (tapping) metal, change anode, positive effect or the like), heat that produces in electrolyzer and thermal equilibrium can change.This can cause the change of the layer thickness of electrolyzer periphery, and in some cases, this layer meeting is in the part completely dissolve of periphery.At this moment the sidewall liner will be exposed to ionogen and metal, and oxidizing gas, and this will cause the Corrosion results of sidewall inner lining material that they are suffered erosion.In prolonged operation, the leakage on the sidewall is the result of this repeated events normally.Therefore importantly control the formation in Hall-Heroult electrolyzer middle level and stablizing of layer.For the Hall-Heroult electrolyzer with high current density, analog calculation is presented at electrolyzer because the generation of high calorie is difficult to keep side wall layer.To such electrolyzer and traditional electrolyzer, therefore will depend on the ability of the layer of keeping the protective side wall liner long bath life with thermal balance question.
Aluminium production according to the Hall-Heroult principle has high relatively energy expenditure (with every kg aluminium kilowatt-hour meter) usually.Owing to can produce heat in the ohmic voltage drop electrolyzer in the electrolyzer, for example at current lead, the metal of production and considerable be in the ionogen.Providing to the energy of electrolyzer has 55% to be used for producing heat at electrolyzer approximately.Data in literature shows that about 40% of the whole thermal lossess of electrolyzer are by the sidewall liner.Because high thermal losses and the protectiveness solidification layer on the sidewall liner, this zone of electrolyzer are the vantage points that is used to reclaim the element of heat.
In order to optimize these purposes simultaneously, i.e. the formation of key-course and heat recuperation importantly make the side wall layer of the as close as possible formation of generation of heat recuperation.This will cause the control of layer formation and fast as far as possible layer to form, and the temperature head of input and output refrigerant is high as much as possible.The latter is optimal for the utilization/recovery again of energy.
The material that the present invention relates to improve design and making is so that help to improve the possibility of heat recuperation in control that the offside parietal layer forms and the aluminium cell.
Prior art
German Patent has openly been described the hot-fluid that uses in the heat exchange control aluminium cell before this, and wherein, open DE 3033710 and the EP 0047227 of Alusuisse have described this technology.The disclosure has been described " structure " that embeds the cell sidewall lining.Heat is by the conduction of this structure and conduct to outside the electrolyzer with refrigerant (for example based on sodium Metal 99.5) exchange.Can understand the structure of this refrigerant and interchanger by existing publication, and usually they are called heat pipe.The material that is used for cooling unit is made by the metal with good heat conductive performance.In order to improve the efficient of heat exchange, between the carbonaceous side liner of electrolyzer and steel shell, insert thermal insulation layer.Disclose pointed as two, a purpose of this design is the hot-fluid of regulating by the cell sidewall liner, and the therefore thickness of control side parietal layer, in addition, the invention that they relate to also makes uses the existing electrolyzer of raising strength of current operation to become possibility, and the highest raising 25% of suggestion.
United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 222,841 have described the possibility of heat exchange in aluminium cell.This patent is based on introducing the tubulose psychrophore in sidewall liner and bottom liner and on the tank liquor.Cooling purpose is the temperature of tank liquor in the control electrolyzer and makes electric tank working that the layer that promptly forms on the sidewall liner is to providing littler to the dependency of the strength of current of electrolyzer.This patent do not illustrate which kind of material is used for this interchanger, but it stipulates that these materials must be able to resist the aggressive atmosphere in the electrolyzer, and owing to wherein propose to use air as refrigerant, this material in addition also should be anti-oxidant.
WO 83/01631 relates to and the device that carries out thermal exchange from the hot waste gas of closed electrolysis cells.Use the feeds of alumina stream of this electrolyzer of heat preheating in this waste gas, and the adjusting of side wall layer thickness not a problem in such electrolyzer.
The WO 87/00211 of H-Invent (also can consult NO 86/00048) has described principle and the method that reclaims heat from aluminium cell.The disclosure has been described the metal sheet with spiral duct that is used for extracting from the sidewall liner heat.Can use multiple refrigerant.Wherein, mention helium especially in this patent.Can use the hot waste gas that heat exchange produces in the sidewall liner to pass through to drive decompressor, this decompressor and then drivingmotor come generate energy.Material in this heat exchanger plate is made of metal.In order to protect these plates with respect to liquid electrolyte, the exterior layer that makes fire-retardant material for example carbon is resisted ionogen.A problem of this technical scheme is good contact of guaranteeing between heat exchanger plate and the fire-retardant material outer covering layer.Thereby the bad contact between these two layers can reduce heat recuperation that the effect of heat exchanger apparatus causes reducing and to the reduction of side wall layer gauge control in the electrolyzer.
The Norwegian patent applications NO 2002889 of Elkem Aluminium, NO 20014874 and NO 20005707, International Patent Application WO 02/39043 and Norwegian Patent NO 312770 have described the different types of aforementioned heat pipe that is used to cool off aluminium cell in addition.The heat pipe that these patents are described proposes with sodium Metal 99.5 especially as refrigerant.The sidewall of electrolyzer is with the refractory materials thermal insulation between steel shell and the inner transpiration cooling plate, and wherein this transpiration cooling plate is with ionogen and/or solidify side wall layer and contact.This transpiration cooling plate comprise liquid coolant than lower part, the heat that this refrigerant can provide owing to ionogen evaporates, and the top of this transpiration cooling plate comprises the sealing psychrophore that is connected with the outer loop.In the transpiration cooling plate, refrigerant will condense in this section, thereby can extract heat from refrigerant, be preferably the various types of gas that flows through above-mentioned psychrophore.If heat exchange is divided into a plurality of stages, can utilizes the electrolyzer liberated heat to drive turbo-generator and generate electricity.This will significantly reduce effective power consumption of producing aluminium per ton in the electrolyzer.Patent (NO 312770) proposes, and the transpiration cooling plate should preferably be made by non-magnetic steel.The possible problem of this patent is relevant with the difficulty of producing corrosion-resistant steel, and is effective in the atmosphere that this corrosion-resistant steel should be made of oxygen and fluorochemical about 1000 ℃.Recognize that from document the existence of fluorochemical can produce significantly improving of steel oxidation speed under the high temperature.
The invention summary
The present invention relates to configuration, so that the thickness of side wall layer in control and the adjusting electrolyzer as one or more structural elements of the sidewall inner lining material design of cooling off sidewall liner in the aluminium cell.By selected sidewall inner lining material design, can also in this electrolyzer, carry out heat exchange, and may reclaim heat with electric energy and/or low warm form.The design of the sidewall inner lining material in the technical solution of the present invention is meant the design of the conduit in this material, makes and produces, thereby so that by this material conduction refrigerant cooling side wall liner and/or from the electrolyzer heat-shift.The present invention also comprises material and the above-mentioned production with these materials of conduit that is applicable to aluminium cell.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention is based on the cooling of sidewall liner, carrying out layer control and to make heat exchange occur in the inside of actual sidewall inner lining material, rather than between the cell vessel outside or cell vessel and the cell sidewall inner lining material.This requires this cell lining material to have the cavities/ducts that refrigerant is introduced and discharged.Use embodiment and accompanying drawing further the present invention to be described in detail below, wherein:
Fig. 1 shown side lining first the design, this design have the circulation refrigerant conduit and with respect to the localized tie point that is used to supply and extract refrigerant of other liner element in the aluminium cell.
Fig. 2 has shown that some of side lining conduit of the refrigerant that is used for circulating may design.
Fig. 3 has shown that the catheter design that changes in the side lining is so that the different possible sketch of control outflow coolant temperature.
Fig. 4 has shown the side lining of making in the carbofrax material of silicon nitride bonded silicon this plate of sketch is by slurry casting and nitrogenize subsequently and moulding.
Fig. 5 has shown that the another kind of the side lining with coolant flow conduit may design.According to the laminating manufacturing.
Fig. 6 has shown the sketch of the different units combination that is used for the manufacturing of heat exchange sidewall interior lining panel.According to the laminating manufacturing.
Fig. 7 has shown the design of psychrophore, and (Fig. 7 a) or will may be delivered to refrigerant (Fig. 7 b) by heat to greatest extent so that the most reasonable control that realizes layer is formed in electrolyzer.
As shown in Figure 1, principle of the present invention is, by making cooling agent 1 at conduit 2 or circulation in as the plate of the sidewall inner lining material of aluminium cell or element 3, can cool off the sidewall liner in the aluminium cell. Decide the scope of this plate by the demand of the cooling in the aluminium cell, but usually should be the level from the cover plate 4 on the electrolytic cell 5 to the surface of carbon cathode 6. From the outside supply coolant 1 of cathode casing 7, plate or the element 3 from the outside of cathode casing 7 extracts cooling agents 1 simultaneously. Also several plates or element 3 can be coupled together and form longer continuous cooling circuit.
In having the conventional aluminium cell 5 of carbon based anode 9, total thermal loss of electrolytic cell has 40% to be by the sidewall liner approximately. This electrolytic cell also depends on layer 10 work by the electrolyte 11 that condenses on the sidewall. Except protective side wall interior lining panel or element 3, if the heat generation in the change electrolytic cell, this layer also can play self-regulating effect to this electrolytic cell. Heat (mainly) produces in electrolyte and the sidewall by electrolytic cell spreads out of. Therefore, can flow out by the heat that in the side lining of electrolytic cell or the conduit 2 in the element 3, provides cooling agent to come regulating electrolytic tank. The degree of cooling effectiveness will depend on the physical property (density, thermal capacity etc.) of cooling agent, the circulation of cooling agent, the surface area of conduit and conduit as shown in Figure 2 (length) design.
Fig. 3 has shown that the various of catheter surface may design 12,13,14,15 in the aluminium cell sidewall interior lining panel. By document as can be known, the surface area that increases contact area between cooling agent and the hot surface will improve the heat transmission and will produce more effective heat exchanger. Therefore the most effective design of conduit 2 will be little, the thin conduit with minor diameter. Yet, use the material that the present invention is based on to be difficult to realize this design, because the easy shutoff of fine duct in the sintering process of this pottery. Therefore Fig. 2 has shown and improves based on smooth surface 13 and be generally the whole bag of tricks of surface area of the conduit of annular. These methods comprise makes star-shaped surface 12, band tip end surface 14 and sine curve (arc) surface 15.
As indicated above, the cooling effect of side lining or element 3 especially depends on the circulation of cooling agent and the surface area of conduit in the aluminium cell. If the temperature difference at for example conduit 2 entrances is the highest, high temperature heat source is that side lining or element 3 to the heat transmission of cooling agent 1 will be the fastest. In the conduit 2 of plate after a period of time, the temperature of cooling agent will be near the temperature of thermal source, thereby thermal source to the heat transfer speed of cooling agent will descend. So according to surface area, cooling agent and temperature difference, there is an optimum length in cooling circuit. Fig. 2 has shown may designing of several different conduits 2, in order to realize cooling effect in various degree. If the present invention is used in combination with heat exchanger 16, in order to produce the highest possible heat exchanger effectiveness, importantly make cooling circuit in order to make the temperature of the cooling agent that enters heat exchanger 17 as much as possible high (referring to Fig. 1). Can use gas and liquid as cooling agent. Heat transmission between sidewall inner lining material and the liquid is better than the heat transmission between sidewall inner lining material and the gas usually. Yet heat transmission also depends on contact area and when using gas, must farthest improve contact area in order to improve heat transmission, namely increases the temperature of eluting gas.
The material that uses in the aluminium cell is exposed to the extremely strong environment of corrodibility, comprises air under about 900-1000 ℃ and the liquid ice crystal ground mass melt under the uniform temp.The chemical resistance of these materials is had strict requirement, and the prerequisite of this patent is that these materials must can be resisted these conditions and can not be damaged.The damage of these materials can cause breaking of cooling loop and lose the cooling control of oppose side wall liner, causes losing the thickness of offside parietal layer 10 and the control of scope.Except that this required, the material of Shi Yonging also must be made in such a way in the present invention, forms described conduit 2 and should make conduit and/or whole side lining or element 3 airtight in this material.Because the somewhat complex design of conduit it is believed that and make their very difficulties after finishing side lining or element 3.Therefore must form conduit 2 at the commitment of producing, preferably before firing (sintering) this material.Therefore be applicable to that the material that the present invention produces is based on oxide compound, boride, the stupalith of carbide and nitride and/or the combination of these materials.In fact, this will mean that the preferred material of side lining is such material: as silicon carbide, and silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, the combination of aluminium nitride or these materials.Yet, the invention is not restricted to these materials.Sketch among Fig. 4 has shown side lining or the element of being made by the silicon carbide of silicon nitride bonded silicon 3.
The aforementioned cooling structure that embeds in the sidewall liner that openly is based on of mentioning and describing as " prior art ".The present invention utilizes the following fact: manufactured materials is so that directly manufacturing can be for the conduit 2 of refrigerant 1 circulation in side lining or element 3 like this.In stupalith, make conduit and belong to prior art, and can use many different technology to carry out.In the present invention, the ad hoc approach that some are used for forming at the sidewall inner lining material conduit 2 is described.Yet claim is not limited to these methods.Fig. 4,5 and 6 have shown the optional method that is applicable to this side lining of making the conduit with confession coolant flow, it is characterized in that making according to so-called laminating method.
Sidewall liner element of the present invention can be produced by dual mode substantially:
I) make each independent side lining piece can play a unitary effect of separate exchangers.
Ii) make some side lining pieces can play a unitary effect of separate exchangers, its size can not wait from one square metre of whole side to electrolyzer.
Must consider two factors during the cavities/ducts of design real material and they: to the heat passage requirement of the maximum possible that arrives refrigerant and the requirement of control electrolyzer middle level formation/stability.In order to realize the latter, the best approach is a horizontal positioned " cooling loop " in lateral one or more zones along shell.By correct chosen process operating device, form for the layer in tank liquor/metallic transition for example, the layer that at this moment can control sidewall liner bottom and top respectively forms.Another selection is that in one or more regions perpendicular placements this " cooling loop ", this method mainly is created in discharges temperature best in the gas.This two selections have been shown among Fig. 7.
Can use the standard ceramic production method to make plate/element among the present invention, for example wet pressing and dry-pressing, plastic forming, extruding, slurry casting or the like.If by compacting, impression wait to be made this element, can Production Example such as two half dollar spares of associated materials or final material precursor.This half plate has in the face of the flattened side of tank room with in the face of the lateral flattened side of housing.The internal surface of half plate has the depression of shapes such as semicircle, ellipse, the most advanced and sophisticated semicircle of band.Being recessed in the final material in the formed body will be as the ducts/cavities of conduction refrigerant, and can make sawtooth easily, thereby rifling or curve are realized better heat passage to refrigerant with the total surface that increases conduit, as shown in Figure 3.By impression, compacting, cast etc. is finished after two and half plates, and they are bonded together.The tackiness agent that uses can be one or more metals, forms identical materials with the manufacturing material, the precursor of manufacturing material, the combination of these possibility materials or other suitable Chemical Felter.By on the side that " tackiness agent " is coated among two and half plates one or two this plate being glued together with depression.With suspensoid, slurry, the form of dry powder (fine particle) or paste applies this tackiness agent.Therefore in some cases, can also use this tackiness agent to come the hole in the sealing material to help to make it airtight, use aforesaid tackiness agent to flood after for example bonding them together, spray or smear and make it airtight by surface to this sheet material.Use then the standard ceramic production technology for example sintering obtaining physical strength, thereby finish final sidewall liner element.Can in controlled atmosphere, carry out sintering so that the material property that obtains to require.Can also prepare this element by the burning material that dies, this burning material that dies has the shape that needs pipeline and during filling it is embedded pressing mold.This burning dies material can be based on plastics, rubber, the combination of wax or the like or these materials.Also can use other standardized means of in stupalith, making ducts/cavities.
Sidewall inner lining material among the present invention is based on many materials, and some of them have been used for existing electrolyzer.Much less owing to electrochemical conditions and material cost, some materials are better than other material.Can use mainly based on aluminium silicon, titanium, the combination of zirconium or these materials and the oxide compound of mixture, boride, carbon-based material in carbide and the nitride and stupalith according to the present invention.Preferable material is the silicon carbide (Si of silicon nitride bonded silicon
3N
4/ SiC), pure silicon carbide (SiSiC) or pure silicon nitride.The SiAlON material also is the possible material that can be used for this purposes.
In order from aluminium cell, to extract heat, must circulate in the conduit 2 of refrigerant in this side lining or element 3 of the suitable type of use.The refrigerant of Shi Heing is gas or liquid in this.The gas that is fit to comprises air, nitrogen, argon gas, helium, carbonic acid gas or the like.Yet, the invention is not restricted to use these gases.The liquid that is fit to should have high boiling point (＞300 ℃) under barometric point.In addition, liquid phase must be that unreactiveness is not so that this sheet material of on period can be corroded for the material that is elected to be side lining.Possible liquid coolant specifically comprises melting salt, oils or the like.Yet, the invention is not restricted to use these liquid.Also can make water/water vapor.
By using the heat (energy) that extracts in the aluminium cell of the present invention to utilize in many ways.A kind of conspicuous may be the charging that utilizes this heat to come preheating electrolytic bath, promptly aluminum oxide is carried out the adverse current preheating.This may need to use heat preheating feeds of alumina in the adverse current plate type regenerator of extracting in the conduit 2 from sidewall.Yet the method that also exists other and feeds of alumina to carry out heat exchange is not even specifically mention them here.Another conspicuous method of utilize extracting energy is to use this heat to drive generator, and for example sterling electric motor or expansion motor are as mentioning simultaneously among the Norwegian patent applications NO 86/00048.
When using refrigerant control side parietal layer and during as the heat exchange agent, importantly not leaking in the cooling loop, the joint between the conduit 2 in cooling loop 8 and side lining or the element 3 externally for example.No matter each plate or element 3 are directly to be connected with external cooling circuit 8 or several side lining or element 3 are joined together to form bigger interchanger/cooling unit 16 and refrigerant circulates between piece and piece, this all is important.This can realize by for example transition piece 18, makes this transition piece embed the nothing leakage transmission that single facing piece is used for refrigerant.
Use the tackiness agent of above-mentioned same type, refractory cements and/Chemical Felter that is fit to seals this transition piece.The following examples 4 have shown an example of this transition piece.Between the side lining and the sleeve pipe between side lining and the external cooling circuit or transition piece 18 can be based on pottery and/or metallic substance.Consider under the high temperature to have corrosive gases in the sidewall liner, preferable material is based on pottery, aluminum oxide for example, pure aluminium silicate, silicon carbide, the combination of silicon nitride and/or these materials.Yet purpose the invention is not restricted to these materials hereto.Leak transfer in order to ensure refrigerant in the airtight/nothing between the element and/or between element and the external cooling circuit, use " tackiness agent " fixedly transition piece 18.This " tackiness agent " can be based on stupalith (for example refractory cements, fire-resistant plaster etc.), glass-sealing agent and/or metallic seal agent.Yet purpose the invention is not restricted to these materials hereto.
In neutralizing the electrolyzer with inert anode, to use the electrolyzer that the Hall-Heroult that has carbon based anode designs the present invention to come key-course to form and/or in aluminium cell, reclaim heat.In addition, the present invention can also be used for the aluminium cell of unconventional design, for example the described electrolyzer of patent application WO 02/066709 A1 of applicant oneself.
Embodiment 1:
By slurry casting silicon metal and SiC particulate slurry are made sheet material, this sheet material has the pre-determined thickness of 8mm.After this slurry casting plate drying, use the groove/depression that on some plates, forms hole and all lengths based on the parting tool of high pressure water.Subsequently, use new powder slurry as follows one group of three blocks of sheet material to be bonded together as tackiness agent: header board has the hole of supply/extraction refrigerant, and the conduit that intermediate plate has a refrigerant then plate is a sealing plate.At this moment this composite structure constitutes heat exchanger unit, and is placed in the nitriding furnace and sinters this structure into airtight heat exchanger unit.Sketch among Fig. 5 has shown the design and the composition of the sheet material of this heat exchanger unit, and the sketch among Fig. 6 has shown other design with different catheter length conduits 2 simultaneously.The length variations of conduit 2 means can change the energy of refrigerant 1 from side lining or element 3 extractions.
Embodiment 2:
Make gypsum mold, after this mould was put together, the PET flexible pipe that will be full of glyceryl stearate wax inserted the cavity of wherein representing refrigerant in the sheet material.In mould, add the powder slurry of SiC and Pure Silicon Metal, before about 1400 ℃ of following nitrogenize, this unit is carried out drying then.Burn the cavity that forms that dies by PET flexible pipe and glyceryl stearate and have about 31cm
3Volume, and the estimated statement area of conduit is about 122cm
2The structured testing of making is leaked, and assemble and fixed the pipe that is used to provide and extract refrigerant.The application's back has described in further detail and these transition pieces 18 of cooling system on every side.Sketch among Fig. 4 has shown the interchanger of making based on the complete side walls interior lining panel of slurry casting, and this side lining has the burning that forms conduit 2 material that dies.
To be installed on the aperture of door of Nabertherm type standard batch furnace according to the silicon nitride bonded silicon SiC heat exchanger plate of making described in the embodiment 2.Isolate by the side and the back side of the thick plate of the minimum 30mm of thermal insulation material Keranap50 this sheet material.In the heat exchanger plate front portion, temperature thermocouple is installed in the waste pipe exit of the rear portion of heat exchanger plate and refrigerant.The contact area of this sheet material and furnace chamber is 460cm
2This stove is heated to different preset temperatures, then to controlling by the rate of air circulation that inlet tube is provided in the plate as refrigerant.Following table 1 has shown the temperature that records and gas volume and the extraction heat that is calculated by this test.This tests demonstration, in some cases, uses technical solutions according to the invention can extract a considerable amount of energy.For having 10-12m
2The new-type Prebake electrolyzer of sidewall liner area, this test show that the use length-specific and the conduit 2 of diameter and the side lining or the element 3 of specific dimensions can extract the energy that is equivalent to 1-25kW.
Table 1: the measuring result of temperature and gas volume, and the calculation result of test period thermal losses.
| Gas volume | Gasinlet temperature | Outlet Gas Temperature | Temperature head | Extract heat | kW/m 2 | kW/m 2 |
| (l/min) | (℃) | (℃) | (℃) | (W) | Per unit pipe area | The per unit surface-area |
| 0.956 | 25.00 | 772.00 | 747.00 | 1.54 | 0.13 | 0.03 |
| 2.247 | 25.00 | 799.00 | 774.00 | 3.75 | 0.31 | 0.08 |
| 6.120 | 25.00 | 829.00 | 804.00 | 10.61 | 0.87 | 0.23 |
| 17.721 | 25.00 | 818.00 | 793.00 | 30.30 | 2.48 | 0.66 |
| 76.667 | 25.00 | 636.75 | 611.75 | 101.14 | 8.29 | 2.20 |
To be connected to external cooling circuit by the silicon nitride bonded silicon SiC heat exchanger plate of method manufacturing described in the embodiment 2, and the air of room temperature will be provided in this loop and draw warm air by the outlet sleeve by inlet sleeve (boss).Make this SiC element make its have two be used for joint access and the outlet telescopic " cup ".Vitrified pipe is placed in this " cup ", Cerastil type refractory cements is poured into the appropriate location hardened 16 hours down at 120-130 ℃ then.Test this unitary leakage, test shows that selected method of attachment is enough to prevent leak to the entrance and exit sleeve.Air as refrigerant is provided in the SiC element subsequently, and the leakage of cooling air can not take place.
Claims (14)
1. be used for the electrolyzer (5) of producing metallic aluminium that contains the aluminium component from melting salt, wherein this to contain aluminium component mainly be that aluminum oxide and this melting salt are mainly based on NaF and AlF
3And CaF
2Other the possible basic metal and the halid mixture of alkaline-earth metal, it is characterized in that one or more structural elements (3) are configured in the liner of electrolyzer, perhaps constitute its at least a portion, wherein this one or more structural elements (3) design has the conduit (2) that is used for the medium circulation that directly forms therein, and this conduit constitutes the integral part of described one or more element (3) thus, described one or more structural elements with conduit are designed so that use its thickness that comes ACTIVE CONTROL side wall layer (10) and pass through the heat passage of cell lining, and wherein this conduit links to each other with the outer loop.
2. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that the cross section that this conduit (2) design has the circle of being mainly, this cross section has smooth surface (13), star-shaped surface (12), band tip end surface (14) or sinusoidal surfaces (15).
3. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that one or more structural elements (3) are configured in the sidewall liner of electrolyzer so that cool off this electrolyzer (5).
4. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that one or more structural elements (3) are configured in the sidewall liner of electrolyzer so that the thickness of key-course and/or be used for energy recovery.
5. according to the electrolyzer of claim 4, wherein recovered energy from this electrolyzer is characterized in that using this energy to come preheating to send into the aluminum oxide of electrolyzer.
6. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that electrolyzer (5) comprises carbon anode and/or inert anode.
7. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that the electrode that electrolyzer (5) comprises level and/or vertically places.
8. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that structural element (3) is by based on carbon, carbide, nitride, the pottery of boride or oxide compound or these mixtures of material is made.
9. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that structural element (3) is by carbon, silicon nitride, aluminium nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride, nitrogen oxygen aluminium silicon, TiB2, zirconium diboride or these mixtures of material are made.
10. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that structural element (3) is to make by dry-pressing, wet pressing, slurry casting or impression, and conduit (2) is by the sheet material further groove, the mode that before sintering sheet material is bondd is made subsequently.
11. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that structural element (3) is to use so-called dewax method, burn die material and/or cutting plate and make to assemble according to laminating method subsequently.
12. according to the electrolyzer of claim 1, it is characterized in that structural element (3) is to utilize to guarantee that the production method of airtight element makes, described airtight element is made by glazing/dipping of optimizing green compact and/or making material.
13., it is characterized in that providing sleeve pipe and/or the transition piece (18) that is connected with the outer loop for structural element (3) according to the electrolyzer of claim 1.
14. according to the electrolyzer of claim 10, it is characterized in that using, and/or the tackiness agent manufacturing structure element (3) of Pure Silicon Metal based on refractory cements, so as before sintering interconnecting piece and help the airtight of element after the sintering.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20031220 | 2003-03-17 | ||
| NO20031220A NO318012B1 (en) | 2003-03-17 | 2003-03-17 | Structural elements for use in an electrolytic cell |
| PCT/NO2004/000070 WO2004083489A1 (en) | 2003-03-17 | 2004-03-12 | Electrolysis cell and structural elements to be used therein |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1777704A CN1777704A (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| CN1777704B true CN1777704B (en) | 2011-07-20 |
Family
ID=19914576
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2004800106481A Expired - Fee Related CN1777704B (en) | 2003-03-17 | 2004-03-12 | Electrolytic tank and structural elements to be used therein |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7465379B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1777704B (en) |
| AR (1) | AR043627A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2004221497B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0408410B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2519274C (en) |
| IS (1) | IS2632B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO318012B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2344203C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004083489A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200507496B (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO20043150D0 (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2004-07-23 | Ntnu Technology Transfer As | "Heat recovery method and equipment" |
| NO331938B1 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2012-05-07 | Norsk Hydro As | Method and system for energy recovery and / or cooling |
| EA010167B1 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2008-06-30 | БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ИННОВЕЙШН ПТИ ЛТД. | Internal cooling of electrolytic smelting cell |
| NO20050844D0 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2005-02-16 | Norsk Hydro As | Method and device for heat balance |
| FR2893329B1 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2008-05-16 | Aluminium Pechiney Soc Par Act | ELECTROLYSIS TANK WITH THERMAL EXCHANGER. |
| CN101610046B (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-04-20 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Method for utilizing waste heat of aluminum electrolyzing cell |
| CN101610047B (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-04-20 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Wind cooling type aluminum electrolytic cell waste heat utilizing device |
| CN101610048B (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-04-20 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Device for using waste heat of aluminum electrolytic cell |
| US9758881B2 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2017-09-12 | The George Washington University | Process for electrosynthesis of energetic molecules |
| FR2946666B1 (en) | 2009-06-10 | 2015-08-07 | Solios Environnement | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENERGY RECOVERY |
| EP2431498B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2016-12-28 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Pot heat exchanger |
| CN102154663A (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-08-17 | 伊川龙海科技实业有限公司 | Method for preheating alumina by using smoke afterheat from aluminium electrolysis production |
| RU2013149627A (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2015-05-20 | БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ЭЛЮМИНИУМ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИС ЛИМИТЕД | HEAT EXCHANGE ELEMENTS FOR USE IN TANKS OF PYROMETALLURGICAL INSTALLATIONS |
| WO2013055228A1 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-04-18 | Goodtech Recovery Technology As | System and method for control of layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell |
| US20140202873A1 (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2014-07-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | System and method for control pf layer formation in an aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN103122463B (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2015-07-22 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Heat-insulated type cell lining side composite block for aluminium electrolysis cell |
| NO336846B1 (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2015-11-16 | Goodtech Recovery Technology As | Branched heat pipe |
| EP2931945A1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-10-21 | SGL Carbon SE | Side-wall block for a wall in an electrolytic cell for reducing aluminum |
| CN104006671A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-27 | 中南大学 | Heat exchange element for utilizing waste heat on side portion of aluminum electrolytic cell |
| BR112017004651B1 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2023-03-21 | Alcoa Usa Corp | ELECTROLYSIS CELLS AND METHOD OF PROTECTION OF SIDE WALLS OF ELECTROLYSIS CELLS |
| AU2015315380B2 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2020-04-16 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Systems and methods of protecting electrolysis cell sidewalls |
| JP7085838B2 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2022-06-17 | シーツーシーエヌティー エルエルシー | Methods and systems for manufacturing carbon nanofibers |
| WO2017066295A1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | Clarion Energy Llc | Methods and systems for carbon nanofiber production |
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| WO1987000211A1 (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-15 | H-Invent A/S | Cell arrangement for electrometallurgical purposes, in particular aluminun electrolysis |
| EP0790472A1 (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-08-20 | DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE S.p.A. | Cooling device with panels for electric arc furnaces |
| WO2001094667A1 (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-13 | Elkem Asa | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium and a method for maintaining a crust on a sidewall and for recovering electricity |
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| US4222841A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-09-16 | Alumax Inc. | Hall cell |
| GB2076428B (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1983-11-09 | Carblox Ltd | Aluminium manufacture |
| DE3416843A1 (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1985-11-14 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., 3400 Göttingen | ACTIVE COOLED HEAT SHIELD |
| NO155903C (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1987-06-17 | Elkem As | SIDE WALL IN A METALLURGICAL MELTING Oven. |
| US5057001A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1991-10-15 | The Carborundum Company | Apparatus for making ceramic tubes |
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2003
- 2003-03-17 NO NO20031220A patent/NO318012B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-03-12 WO PCT/NO2004/000070 patent/WO2004083489A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-03-12 RU RU2005131962/02A patent/RU2344203C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-12 CN CN2004800106481A patent/CN1777704B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-12 BR BRPI0408410-1A patent/BRPI0408410B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-12 CA CA2519274A patent/CA2519274C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-12 AU AU2004221497A patent/AU2004221497B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-12 US US10/549,455 patent/US7465379B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-16 AR ARP040100873A patent/AR043627A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2005
- 2005-09-16 ZA ZA200507496A patent/ZA200507496B/en unknown
- 2005-10-12 IS IS8068A patent/IS2632B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1987000211A1 (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-15 | H-Invent A/S | Cell arrangement for electrometallurgical purposes, in particular aluminun electrolysis |
| EP0790472A1 (en) * | 1996-02-14 | 1997-08-20 | DANIELI & C. OFFICINE MECCANICHE S.p.A. | Cooling device with panels for electric arc furnaces |
| WO2001094667A1 (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2001-12-13 | Elkem Asa | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium and a method for maintaining a crust on a sidewall and for recovering electricity |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2519274C (en) | 2011-06-07 |
| BRPI0408410B1 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
| NO20031220D0 (en) | 2003-03-17 |
| BRPI0408410A (en) | 2006-03-21 |
| NO318012B1 (en) | 2005-01-17 |
| RU2344203C2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
| CA2519274A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| CN1777704A (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| IS8068A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
| AR043627A1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
| ZA200507496B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| US7465379B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
| US20060237305A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
| AU2004221497A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| WO2004083489A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| IS2632B (en) | 2010-06-15 |
| AU2004221497B2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| RU2005131962A (en) | 2006-03-10 |
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