CN1774182A - 包括粗食品颗粒的物流的连续热处理方法以及根据该方法可获得的食品颗粒 - Google Patents
包括粗食品颗粒的物流的连续热处理方法以及根据该方法可获得的食品颗粒 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包括粗食品颗粒和输送流体的物流的连续热处理方法,其中所述的食品颗粒可自由移动并占总物流的20-60体积%,所述食品颗粒通过所述输送流体进入加热区随后流经保温区,其中在所述加热区中输送流体在湍流状态下被加热至温度T1(65-150℃),随后在所述保温区中的输送流体保持温度T2,其中温度T1与T2之差(T1-T2)最大为20℃。本发明进一步涉及根据本发明方法获得的食品颗粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含粗食品颗粒的物流的连续热处理方法,以及根据本发明方法可获得的食品颗粒。
背景技术
食品颗粒的热处理是食品工业中制备可稳定储存食品的重要步骤。在罐头工业中,通过热处理,粗食品颗粒得到预煮,灭菌和/或巴氏灭菌。在进行热处理之前食品颗粒可以已经装入罐头或玻璃容器。而通常情形下,食品颗粒是在包装入罐头或玻璃容器前首先经受热处理的,包装后再进行二次热处理。现在大部分食品产品是在筒形、螺旋形或带形的预煮器中加热,然后在筒形、螺旋形或带形冷却器中冷却。然而,使用这类的加热或冷却设备具有一些缺点。例如,设备难以清洗,以及待处理的颗粒具有相对较宽的停留时间分布,造成在热处理过程中的相应分布。此外,加热和冷却设备在车间中占据大量空间,消耗大量水,造成大量的废水负荷,并不时引起最终产品的质量问题。因此,有空间和需要通过使用不具有上述缺陷或在很大程度上克服上述缺陷的系统来发展粗食品颗粒的热处理过程。当前在加压灭菌器或灭菌塔中进行的灭菌过程也具有类似的缺陷。
令人惊奇的是:已经发现当利用连续过程使自由流动并具有较高体积百分比的粗食品颗粒首先通过加热区,然后通过保温区进行操作时,上述问题减少到极低的程度,甚至不发生。
发明内容
因此,本发明涉及包括粗食品颗粒和输送流体的物流的连续热处理方法。其中所述食品颗粒自由流动并占总物流的20-60体积%,通过输送流体,食品颗粒进入加热区,然后再通过保温区,其中在所述的加热区中输送流体在湍流状态下被加热至温度T1为65-150℃,然后在保温区中的输送流体保持温度T2,其中(T1-T2)最大为20℃。
根据本发明的方法使易损食品颗粒能以相对简单的方式经受热处理。以此方式,粗食品颗粒得以灭菌、预煮或巴氏灭菌。所使用的连续系统在内外部都易于被清洁,从而有利于食品的质量。该系统可以做到高度的热回收。此外,水溶性组分的浸出极大地降低,产品损失减少,废水排放量以不小于30%被降低。除上述主要优势之外,本方法可很好地被控制,无水蒸气排放,维护成本低,系统占据空间小以及该方法不会向环境释放或释放很少的气味或热量。另外的一个主要优势是现在食品颗粒可以不需包装而经受热处理,这使得使用(透明)塑料包装取代传统的、不具吸引力的包装如罐头或玻璃容器成为可能。
根据本发明的方法,在保温区中,食品颗粒必须获得预定的最小过程值(process value)(以例如F0,P0,C0表示),以达到例如充分的微生物的失活和/或酶的失活和/或有效的蒸煮。很清楚,过程操作条件的选择取决于食品颗粒的种类和食品颗粒的尺寸。在食品颗粒的加热中心实现所需过程值的最小值是非常重要的。实际情况下,食品颗粒的尺寸和热性质是变化的,造成了不同尺寸的食品颗粒具有不同的过程值。根据本发明的过程优选处理具有基本相同粒径的食品颗粒。
在适宜的实施方式中,食品颗粒在加热区的停留周期为20秒至20分钟。加热后的食品颗粒随后在保温区的停留周期为20秒至5分钟。
在本发明适宜的实施方式中,输送流体为低粘度至中粘度的流体。优选的输送流体选自水、水溶液、灌注液(pour liquid)或油,如橄榄油或向日葵油。输送流体优选包括水,更优选为清洁的水。
食品颗粒和输送流体可以在泵,压缩气体如压缩空气,或重力的作用下通过加热区和保温区。优选使用泵。食品颗粒与输送流体的混合物可从例如具有可操作的蝶型阀的供应罐输送到泵。优选在供应罐中混合物保持运动以使食品颗粒不会在供应罐中沉积。不同类型的泵可用于本发明的方法。泵的功率与设计必须能够使食品颗粒所需的体积百分比获得维持。
在保温区的输送流体的温度取决于待处理的食品颗粒的种类、平均尺寸和所需的过程类型。在根据本发明的方法中,在加热区输送流体被加热至温度T1为65-150℃。根据本发明的过程可以是预煮过程,灭菌过程或巴氏灭菌过程。食品颗粒通过在T1为100-130℃的过程而优选被灭菌。相应地,加热过程一般在T1为65-110℃操作。而巴氏灭菌过程一般在T1为70-100℃操作。
在适宜的实施方式中,在保温区,输送流体保持在温度(T2),T2与加热区的加热温度相等。然而在实际操作中,温度T2低于温度T1。但是两个温度的差不能大于20℃。温度T1和T2的差优选最大为10℃。
根据本发明的方法,食品颗粒占总物流的20-60体积%。食品颗粒占总物流优选为30-60体积%,更优选为40-60体积%。考虑到在根据本发明的方法中食品颗粒具有高的体积百分比并且在加热区为湍流流动,可以在短时间内处理大量食品产品。进一步达到的成果是:小的和大的食品颗粒在几乎相同的时间周期内进行热处理,这使停留时间分布特别窄,阻止了食品颗粒获得比所需值高的过程值,即所谓的过处理。结果是不耐热的组分的热降解极大地被减少,化学反应例如褐变也极大地被减少,食品产品的质地保持得更好,产品既不会未充分熟化也不会过分熟化。另一重要的方面是产品的收缩或水气溢出达到了最低。相应地,本发明还涉及使用根据本发明方法可得到的食品颗粒。如上所述,上述食品颗粒表现出改善的产品质量。
食品颗粒可以从加热区通过单根输送管至保温区。在适宜的实施方式中,利用单根输送管将食品颗粒输送入加热区然后进入保温区。输送管优选为直径不变的管。
根据本发明的方法,所述的加热区适宜为换热器,优选管式换热器。管式换热器包括双管,其中输送管为内管,而加热介质流经外管,热交换介质优选在管外以与输送流体和食品颗粒相反的方向流动。在另一实施方式中,输送管为外管,而热交换介质在内管流动。优选双管为同心双管。如果需要,输送流体与食品颗粒的混合物可以通过两个或多个的加热区然后再进入保温区。在根据本发明的方法的另一实施方式中,加热区包括输送管,围绕该输送管排布有加热元件。
根据本发明的方法,使用的保温区可以是输送管的绝热部分,也可以是具有更大直径的绝热管或桶。
在根据本发明的方法的适宜实施方式中,输送流体与食品颗粒的混合物流经保温区后进入冷却区,在其中输送流体被冷却。冷却区可以是换热器,并且优选为管式换热器。管式换热器包括双管,其中输送管为内管,而热交换介质流经外管,热交换介质优选在管外以与输送流体和食品颗粒相反的方向流动。在另一实施方式中,输送管为外管,而冷却介质在内管流动。双管优选为同心双管。如果需要,输送流体与食品颗粒的混合物可以通过两个或多个的冷却区。在根据本发明的方法的另一实施方式中,冷却区包括输送管,围绕该输送管排布有冷却元件。从冷却区得到的食品颗粒随后可与输送流体分离,分离后的输送流体可以循环使用。在适宜的实施方式中,输送流体在重新用于运送食品颗粒到加热区之前首先要进行净化,如使用膜过滤。过程的操作必须使从冷却区直接获得的食品颗粒具有比食品颗粒沸腾温度低的中心温度。对于本领域技术人员,显而易见的是方法中使用的温度与压力取决于所用系统的总长度、冷却介质的选择和所用的冷却条件。
如果需要或必需,所得到的冷却的食品颗粒可以经受洗涤步骤。然而当使用清水作为输送流体时,所述的洗涤步骤是不必要的。在所述的洗涤步骤中,释放出的淀粉从食品颗粒中洗涤掉,防止在玻璃罐中看见浑浊的灌注液,这使产品具有更好的外观。优选使用热水进行洗涤步骤,热水温度优选为40-80℃。
当加热区和冷却区包括管式换热器时,输送流体与食品颗粒的混合物的热容量(A)和外管中热交换介质的热容量(B)之比优选为1/3-3/1(A/B),更优选为1/1.5-1.5/1(A/B)。
输送管的直径取决于粗食品颗粒的平均直径。在适宜的实施方式中,输送管的直径小于或等于20cm,优选小于或等于10cm,更优选为小于或等于8cm。优选输送管的直径最小为所处理食品颗粒最小直径的3倍。
在本发明适宜的实施方式中,保温区中加热后的颗粒进入二次加热区,在其中颗粒在湍流状态下被加热至温度T3为65-150℃,之后,食品颗粒进入二次保温区,在其中温度保持在T4,并且(T3-T4)最大为20℃。这样,在第一加热区和保温区中的处理可以是预煮过程,而随后在第二加热区和保温区中进行的是灭菌过程。在上述实施方式中,从第二保温区出来的混合物可进入冷却区。
在本发明上下文中所提到的粗食品颗粒是指不能保持乳液或溶液状态的食品颗粒。这类食品颗粒通常是指固体食品颗粒。在静止的输送流体中食品颗粒悬浮、漂浮或沉淀。一般说来,他们有至少2mm的最小直径,优选最小直径大于3mm。适宜的粗食品颗粒选自蔬菜产品、土豆产品、水果产品、鱼类产品和肉类产品。输送流体与粗食品颗粒的混合物适宜为填馅酱或填馅汤。适宜的蔬菜产品包括例如(切)胡萝卜、(片)蘑菇、小扁豆、菠菜、(切)有筋的青刀豆、豌豆、蚕豆、玉米、皱粒豌豆、芸豆、四季豆、花椰菜的花和茎椰菜的茎。适宜的土豆产品包括例如土豆片和油炸土豆片。适宜的水果产品包括完整的水果如草莓、橄榄、黑莓、浆果、树莓、葡萄,也包括切开的水果产品如苹果、橙、瓜、香蕉和芒果的片。适宜的肉类产品既包括人类消费产品如小吃或填馅肉酱也包括动物消费的产品如猫粮和狗粮。适宜的鱼类产品包括例如沙丁鱼、虾和鱼片如青鱼片。
图1描述了本发明的实施方式。输送流体与粗食品颗粒的混合物经输送管1进入加热区2,在2中,在湍流状态下输送流体被加热至所需的预定温度。加热区为管式换热器。所得的加热的混合物随后经输送管进入保温区3,保温区3包括绝热的输送管,在其中输送流体保持在所需的特定温度。然后,混合物通过输送管由保温区进入冷却区4,在其中食品颗粒冷却下来。冷却区是管式换热器。随后,冷却的食品颗粒从冷却区经由输送管卸载。换热介质通过管线5和6以及泵7在换热器2和4的外管内循环。
Claims (20)
1.包括粗食品颗粒和输送流体的物流的连续热处理方法,其中所述的食品颗粒可自由移动并占总物流的20-60体积%,所述食品颗粒通过所述输送流体进入加热区随后流经保温区,其中在所述加热区中输送流体在湍流状态下被加热至温度T1为65-150℃,随后在所述保温区中的输送流体保持温度T2,其中,温度T1与T2之差(T1-T2)最大为20℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述食品颗粒在加热区中停留20秒至2分钟。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述被加热后的食品颗粒在保温区中停留20秒至5分钟。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中温度T1为100-130℃。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述(T1-T2)最大为10℃。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述食品颗粒占总物流的30-60体积%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述食品颗粒占总物流的40-60体积%。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述输送流体包括水。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述食品颗粒从所述加热区流经单根输送管进入所述保温区。
10.根据权利要求9所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述输送管为同心管。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述加热区包括双管,其中内管为输送管,而热交换介质流经外管。
12.根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述输送流体和所述食品颗粒从所述保温区进入冷却区,在其中输送流体被冷却,并且从所述冷却区直接获得的食品颗粒具有比所述食品颗粒沸点低的中心温度。
13.根据权利要求12所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述冷却区包括双管,其中内管为输送管,而热交换介质流经外管。
14.根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述输送流体和所述食品颗粒的混合物的热容量(A)与热交换介质的热容量(B)之比为1/3-3/1(A/B)。
15.根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的连续热处理方法,该方法可以是预煮过程,灭菌过程或巴氏灭菌过程。
16.根据权利要求15所述的连续热处理方法,其中加热后的食品颗粒通过所述保温区进入二次加热区,在其中所述食品颗粒在湍流状态下被加热至温度T3为65-150℃,之后所述食品颗粒进入二次保温区,在其中所述食品颗粒保持温度T4,温度T3与T4之差(T3-T4)最大为20℃。
17.根据权利要求16所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述食品颗粒通过所述二次保温区进入冷却区。
18.根据权利要求1-17任一项所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述食品颗粒为固体食品颗粒。
19.根据权利要求18所述的连续热处理方法,其中所述食品颗粒选自蔬菜产品、土豆产品、水果产品、肉类产品和鱼类产品。
20.根据权利要求1-19任一项所述的方法可获得的食品颗粒。
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NL1022693A NL1022693C2 (nl) | 2003-02-14 | 2003-02-14 | Continu thermisch proces voor het behandelen van grove voedseldeeltjes en voedseldeeltjes die verkrijgbaar zijn met het proces volgens de uitvinding. |
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EP (1) | EP1592314A1 (zh) |
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CN102326621A (zh) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-01-25 | 大连九羊食品有限公司 | 一种羊奶杀菌装置 |
CN105848495A (zh) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-08-10 | Spx流动技术丹麦有限公司 | 用于给食用坚果灭菌的方法和装置 |
CN106028823A (zh) * | 2014-01-10 | 2016-10-12 | 罗伯特·斯特赖克 | 经安全巴氏灭菌的具延长冷藏保质期的贝类 |
CN110113954A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-08-09 | 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 | 加工添加有颗粒的液体食品 |
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NL2000448C2 (nl) * | 2006-03-21 | 2010-09-13 | Sonder Food Systems B V | Inrichting voor het pasteuriseren van een massa voedingswaar. |
ITRM20060703A1 (it) | 2006-12-27 | 2008-06-28 | Turatti Srl | Impianto per il trattamento termico di pastorizzazione di prodotti alimentari, in particolare prodotti in foglie. |
US8146489B2 (en) | 2006-12-27 | 2012-04-03 | Turatti S.R.L. | System for transporting and/or washing and/or pasteurisation thermal treatment of foodstuffs, particularly leaf products |
DE102008027492A1 (de) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-17 | Khs Ag | Pasteurisierungsanlage |
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JP7447200B1 (ja) | 2022-08-25 | 2024-03-11 | 岩井機械工業株式会社 | 滅菌システム |
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- 2004-02-13 EP EP04711067A patent/EP1592314A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-02-13 US US10/545,316 patent/US20060093717A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN102326621A (zh) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-01-25 | 大连九羊食品有限公司 | 一种羊奶杀菌装置 |
CN102326621B (zh) * | 2011-05-31 | 2016-06-08 | 大连九羊食品有限公司 | 一种羊奶杀菌装置 |
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CN106028823A (zh) * | 2014-01-10 | 2016-10-12 | 罗伯特·斯特赖克 | 经安全巴氏灭菌的具延长冷藏保质期的贝类 |
CN110113954A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-08-09 | 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 | 加工添加有颗粒的液体食品 |
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WO2004071220A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
CA2514761A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
NL1022693C2 (nl) | 2004-08-17 |
EP1592314A1 (en) | 2005-11-09 |
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