CN1773989B

CN1773989B - Mimo wireless communication greenfield preamble formats

Info

Publication number: CN1773989B
Application number: CN 200510070136
Authority: CN
Inventors: 克里斯多佛·扬; 克里斯多佛·詹姆士·哈森; 瑞贾得·特伯·慕塔; 贾森·A·切思戈; 马太·詹姆士·菲斯克
Original assignee: Zyray Wireless Inc
Current assignee: Avago Technologies General IP Singapore Pte Ltd
Priority date: 2004-05-07
Filing date: 2005-04-30
Publication date: 2012-03-21
Anticipated expiration: 2025-04-30
Also published as: CN1783856A; CN1697356A; CN1773989A; CN1697356B; CN1783856B

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for multiple input multiple output wireless communication begins by determine the protocol utilized by each of the wireless communication devices within the proximal region. The method continues by determining whether the protocols of the wireless communication devices within a proximal region are of a like protocol. The method continues by determining the number of transmit antennas. The method continues, when the protocols of the wireless communication devices within a proximal region are of the like protocol, formatting preamble of a frame of a wireless communication utilizing at least one of cyclic shifting of symbols, cyclic shifting of tones, sparse tone allocation, and sparse symbol allocation based on the number of transmit antennas.

Description

The greenery patches preamble format of MIMO wireless communications

[technical field]

The present invention relates to wireless communication system, relate in particular to the method and apparatus of in WLAN, supporting the various wireless communication agreement.

[background technology]

As everyone knows, communication system is in order to support the wired and radio communication between wireless and/or the wire communication facility.Said communication system comprises from domestic and/or international mobile telephone system to the Internet to point-to-point indoor wireless networks.The communication system of each type all is to follow one or more communication standards and set up, and operation in view of the above.For example; Wireless communication system can be followed one or more standards and move; These standards include but not limited to: IEEE802.11, bluetooth, advanced mobile phone service (AMPS), digital advanced mobile phone service (digital AMPS), global system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), LMDS (LMDS), Multichannel, Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) and/or their variation/variation.

Type according to wireless communication system; Wireless Telecom Equipment; For example mobile phone, double-direction radio transceiver, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), PC (PC), kneetop computer, home entertainment device etc., communication link is connected to other Wireless Telecom Equipment directly or indirectly.For direct communication (just so-called point-to-point communication); (for example participate in tuning their receiver of the Wireless Telecom Equipment of a communication channel extremely identical or a plurality of channel with reflector; And on this channel, communicate by letter in a plurality of radio frequencies (RF) carrier wave in this wireless communication system one).For indirect radio communication, each Wireless Telecom Equipment passes through channel appointed and directly communicates by letter and relevant base station (for example for mobile service) and/or relevant access point (for example for the wireless network in indoor or the building).For the communication of accomplishing between the Wireless Telecom Equipment connects, relevant base station and/or relevant access point are via system controller, public switched telephone network, the Internet and/or some other wide area network direct communications each other.

In order to participate in radio communication, each Wireless Telecom Equipment all comprises a built-in wireless transceiver (just receiver and reflector) or is coupled to a relevant wireless transceiver (air station of the cordless communication network in the for example indoor or building, radio modem etc.).Such as the insider knowledge, reflector comprises the data-modulated level, one or more intermediater-frequency stages and power amplifier.The data-modulated level converts initial data to baseband signal according to specific wireless communication standard.One or more intermediater-frequency stages are with this baseband signal and one or more local oscillation mixing and produce radiofrequency signal.Power amplifier is first with its amplification before via antenna transmitting RF signal.

Same as insider institute knowledge, receiver is coupled to antenna, and comprises low noise amplifier, one or more intermediater-frequency stage, filtering stage and data recovery grade.Low noise amplifier passes through antenna reception of inbound radiofrequency signal then with its amplification.One or more intermediater-frequency stages convert the radiofrequency signal of amplifying and one or more local oscillation mixing into baseband signal or intermediate frequency (IF) signal with the radiofrequency signal with amplification.Filtering stage filtered baseband signal or intermediate-freuqncy signal are with the outer signal of undesired frequency range of decaying, thus the generation filtering signal.Data are recovered level and from filtering signal, are recovered initial data according to specific wireless communication standard.

Still such as the insider knowledge, the standard that the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the wireless communication system is followed can change.For example; Along with IEEE 802.11 standards are developed to IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a from IEEE 802.11; Arrive IEEE 802.11g again, the Wireless Telecom Equipment of following IEEE 802.11b possibly be present in the same WLAN with the Wireless Telecom Equipment of following IEEE 802.11g.Another example, the Wireless Telecom Equipment of following IEEE 802.11a possibly be present in the same WLAN with the Wireless Telecom Equipment of following IEEE 802.11g.When legacy devices (legacy devices) (just those follow the equipment than the older version standard) when following that the equipment of release criteria was present in the same WLAN afterwards; Utilize a kind of mechanism; Guaranteeing that this legacy devices can be known when the equipment of more recent version is using wireless channel, thereby avoid conflict.

For example, the back compatible property of legacy devices is only accomplished in physical layer (under the situation of IEEE 802.11b) or media access control layer (under the situation of IEEE 802.11g).In physical layer, realize back compatible from the physical layer preamble of previous standard through reusing.In this example; Legacy devices will be decoded to the preamble portion of all signals, enough information will be provided for confirming in that the special period wireless channel is whether occupied like this, therefore; Even legacy devices demodulation fully and/or decoding frame emission also can avoid conflict.

At media access control layer, launch special frame through employed pattern of equipment utilization legacy devices or the data rate forcing to follow the more recent version standard, thereby realize the back compatible of legacy devices.For example, this newer equipment can send clear to send (Clear to Send, CTS)/(Ready toSend, RTS) switching frame and/or self-clear to send (CTS-to-self) frame are employed among the like IEEE802.11g in the request of sending.These special frames comprise the information of the network allocation vector (NAV) that this legacy devices is set, thereby when wireless channel was used by the air station of more recent version, these legacy devices can be known.

The performance that existing these the two kinds mechanism that realize back compatibles can reach with respect to the equipment that does not possess back compatible property and the certain performance loss of Yan Douyou, and these two kinds of existing mechanism can only be used independent of one another.

Therefore, there is a kind of like this demand: the method and apparatus that in wireless communication system, (comprises WLAN) and support various protocols.

[summary of the invention]

The preamble format that is used for MIMO wireless communications of the present invention has satisfied the demand and other needs basically.In one embodiment, the agreement of a kind of method of MIMO wireless communications interior Wireless Telecom Equipment from definite zone nearby begins.Whether the communication protocol of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the then definite zone nearby of this method belongs to identical agreement.This method continues to confirm the quantity of transmitting antenna.This method continues; When the communication protocol of Wireless Telecom Equipment in the zone nearby belongs to identical agreement; According to antenna amount, utilize at least a preamble in character cyclic shift, tone cyclic shift, loose tone configuration and the character configuration of loosening to format to wireless communication frame.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of MIMO wireless communications is provided, this method comprises:

Confirm the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the near zone;

Whether the agreement of confirming the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the said near zone belongs to identical agreement;

Confirm the quantity of transmitting antenna;

When the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the said near zone belongs to identical agreement; According to the quantity of said transmitting antenna, utilize the preamble of at least a frame to radio communication in character cyclic shift, tone cyclic shift, loose tone configuration and the character configuration of loosening to format.

Preferably, this method comprises: when the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the said near zone belongs to identical agreement, format by the preamble of following form to the frame of radio communication: the first of said frame is adopted leave over form; According to the quantity of said transmitting antenna, adopt at least a in character cyclic shift, tone cyclic shift, loose tone configuration and the character configuration of loosening for the remainder of the preamble of said frame.

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of for MIMO wireless communications produces the method for the preamble of frame, this method comprises, to each transmitting antenna of MIMO wireless communications:

Produce a carrier wave and survey (carrier detect) field, wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, this carrier wave is surveyed the field cyclic shift;

Produce first channel and intercept (channel sounding) field, wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, this first channel is intercepted the field cyclic shift; And

Produce a signal field.

Preferably, this method comprises: intercept producing a single protection between field and the said signal field at interval at said first channel.

Preferably, this method comprises:

Produce a short training sequence (STS) of following to leave over (legacy) wireless communication protocol and survey field as said carrier wave;

Produce two long training sequences of following to leave over wireless communication protocol (LTS) and intercept field as said first channel; Wherein, From the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna; The first long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences, the second long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences.

Preferably, this method comprises:

Produce one second and intercept field, wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, said second channel is intercepted the field cyclic shift.

Preferably, this method comprises:

Produce a long training sequence of following to leave over wireless communication protocol and intercept field as this second channel, wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, said second channel is intercepted the field cyclic shift.

Preferably, this method comprises:

Produce two long training sequences of following to leave over wireless communication protocol and intercept field as said second channel; Wherein, From the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna; The first long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences, the second long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences.

Preferably, this method comprises:

At least adopt a kind of in 1/2 rate binary phase shift keying and the 1/2 rate QPSK that said signal field is encoded.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of radiofrequency launcher comprises:

By the baseband processing module that operationally is coupled, in order to outbound data is converted to the departures character string;

By the transmitter portion that operationally is coupled, in order to should said departures character string converting the departures radiofrequency signal to, said Base-Band Processing mould further operationally is coupled, in order to:

Produce a carrier wave and survey field, wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, said carrier wave is surveyed the field cyclic shift;

Produce first channel and intercept field, wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, said first channel is intercepted the field cyclic shift;

Produce a signal field.

Preferably, said baseband processing module further operationally is coupled, and intercepts two protections of generation interval between the field in order to survey the field and first channel at said carrier wave.

Preferably, said baseband processing module is by further operationally coupling, with since intercept at said first channel and to produce single protection interval between field and the signal field.

Preferably, said baseband processing module further operationally is coupled, in order to:

Produce a short training sequence of following to leave over (legacy) wireless communication protocol and survey field as said carrier wave;

Produce two long training sequences of following to leave over wireless communication protocol and intercept field as said first channel; Wherein, From the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna; The first long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences, the second long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences.

Preferably, this baseband processing module further operationally is coupled, in order to:

[description of drawings]

Fig. 1 is the block diagram according to wireless communication system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the block diagram according to Wireless Telecom Equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of another Wireless Telecom Equipment according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the block diagram according to radiofrequency launcher of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the block diagram according to radio frequency receiver of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the block diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment according to the present invention is communicated by letter with access point;

Fig. 7 is one type the sketch map of radio communication according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 is one type the sketch map of MIMO wireless communications according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the sketch map of preamble that adopts two transmitting antennas according to the present invention, uses the frame of cyclic shift;

Figure 10 is the sketch map of preamble that adopts two transmitting antennas according to the present invention, uses the frame of loose character and/or tone (tone);

Figure 11 is the sketch map of preamble that adopts three transmitting antennas according to the present invention, uses the frame of cyclic shift;

Figure 12 is another sketch map of preamble that adopts three transmitting antennas according to the present invention, uses the frame of cyclic shift;

Figure 13 is the sketch map of preamble that adopts three transmitting antennas according to the present invention, uses the frame of loose character and/or tone;

Figure 14 is the sketch map of preamble that adopts four transmitting antennas according to the present invention, uses the frame of cyclic shift;

Figure 15 is another sketch map of preamble that adopts four transmitting antennas according to the present invention, uses the frame of cyclic shift;

Figure 16 adopts four transmitting antennas according to the present invention, the sketch map of the preamble of the frame of loose character of use and/or tone;

Figure 17 is the sketch map according to the radio communication of another kind of type of the present invention;

Figure 18 is the sketch map that has more (MIMO) radio communication according to advancing of another kind of type of the present invention more;

Figure 19 is the sketch map that adopts the preamble of the frame that uses two transmitting antennas leaving over part to use cyclic shift according to the present invention;

Figure 20 is the sketch map of the preamble of three transmitting antennas leaving over part used according to the invention frame of using cyclic shifts;

Figure 21 is the sketch map of the preamble of four transmitting antennas leaving over part used according to the invention frame of using cyclic shifts;

Figure 22 is the sketch map of the radio communication of another type according to the present invention;

Figure 23 is the sketch map that advances the radio communication that has more (MIMO) of another type according to the present invention more;

Figure 24 is the logic diagram of the various protocols method for communicating according to the present invention;

Figure 25 monitors the whether logic diagram of successful method of multiple protocol wireless communication according to the present invention;

Figure 26 is the logic diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment is participated in a kind of method of multiple protocol wireless communication according to the present invention;

Figure 27 is the logic diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment is participated in the another kind of method of multiple protocol wireless communication according to the present invention;

Figure 28 is the logic diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment is participated in another method of multiple protocol wireless communication according to the present invention;

Figure 29 is the sketch map that while second channel according to the present invention is intercepted;

Figure 30 is the sketch map that another while second channel according to the present invention is intercepted;

Figure 31 is the sketch map that another while second channel according to the present invention is intercepted;

Figure 32 is the sketch map that another while second channel according to the present invention is intercepted;

Figure 33 protects according to the present invention at interval and a sketch map of training sequence;

Figure 34 is a sketch map of the cyclic shift according to the present invention;

Figure 35 is for a sketch map of the preamble of two transmitting antennas according to the present invention;

Figure 36 is for a sketch map of the preamble of three transmitting antennas according to the present invention;

Figure 37 is for another sketch map of the preamble of three transmitting antennas according to the present invention;

Figure 38 is for a sketch map of the preamble of four transmitting antennas according to the present invention.

[embodiment]

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of communication system 10, and this communication system 10 comprises a plurality of base stations and/or access point 12-16, a plurality of Wireless Telecom Equipment 18-32 and a network hardware 34.This Wireless Telecom Equipment 18-32 can be

kneetop computer

18 and 26, personal digital assistant

main frame

20 and 30,

personal host computer

24 and 32 and/or mobile telephone main unit 22 and 28.The details of these Wireless Telecom Equipments will combine Fig. 2 and/or Fig. 3 to do more detailed description.

Base station or access point 12-16

connect

36,38 and 40 through local area network (LAN) and operationally are coupled to the network hardware 34.The network hardware 34 connects 42 for communication system 10 provides wide area network, and it can be router, switch, bridge, modulator-demodulator, system controller etc.Each base station or access point 12-16 have corresponding antenna or aerial array, in order to local area in Wireless Telecom Equipment communicate by letter, generally be referred to as basic service set (BBS).Usually, Wireless Telecom Equipment is registered to specific base stations or access point 12-16, so that from communication system 10 acceptance services.For direct communication (point-to-point communication just), Wireless Telecom Equipment directly communicates through the channel that distributes, to produce multi-hop (ad-hoc) network.

Generally speaking, the base station is used for the system of mobile telephone system and similar type, and access point is used for the wireless network in indoor or the building.The communication system of which kind of type no matter, each Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises a built-in wireless transmitter and/or is coupled to a wireless transmitter.This radio receiver comprises the amplifier and/or the programmable casacade multi-amplifier of a highly linear, as disclosed herein, to improve performance, reduce cost, reduce size and/or to improve broadband application.

Fig. 2 is a kind of block diagram of Wireless Telecom Equipment.This Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises main process equipment 18-32 and relevant wireless transmitter 60.For mobile telephone main unit, this wireless transmitter 60 is built-in parts.For personal digital assistant main frame, kneetop computer main frame and/or personal host computer, this wireless transmitter 60 can built-inly also can be outer relay part.

As shown in the figure, main process equipment 18-32 comprises a processing module 50, memory 52, wireless receiving and dispatching interface 54, input interface 58 and output interface 56.This processing module 50 is carried out the corresponding instruction of being made by main process equipment usually with memory 52.For example, for mobile telephone main unit equipment, this processing module 50 is carried out the corresponding communication function according to specific mobile phone standard.

Wireless receiving and dispatching interface 54 allows to receive data and send data to wireless transmitter 60 from wireless transmitter 60.For the data (for example inbound data) that receive from wireless transmitter 60, wireless receiving and dispatching interface 54 offers processing module 50 with data and does further processing and/or send to output interface 56.Output interface 56 is provided to the connection of output display unit (for example display, monitor, loud speaker etc.), to show the data that receive.Wireless receiving and dispatching interface 54 also will offer wireless transmitter 60 from the data of handling module 50.Processing module 50 can be passed through the outbound data that input interface 58 receives from input equipment (for example keyboard, auxiliary keyboard, microphone etc.), or self produces data.For the data that receive via input interface 58, processing module 50 data is in view of the above carried out corresponding host function and/or through wireless receiving and dispatching interface 54 these data is sent to wireless transmitter 60.

Wireless transmitter 60 comprises HPI 62, digit receiver processing module 64, memory 75, digit emitter processing module 76 and wireless transceiver.Said wireless transceiver comprises analog to digital converter 66, filtering/gain module 68, intermediate frequency mixing down-conversion stage 70, receiving filter 71, low noise amplifier 72, emitter/receiver change over switch 73, local oscillation module 74, digital to analog converter 78, filtering/gain module 80, intermediate frequency mixing up-conversion level 82, power amplifier 84, emission filtration module 85 and antenna 86.Antenna 86 can be the single antenna of being shared by transmission path and RX path by 73 controls of emitter/receiver change over switch, also can comprise the antenna that separates that is respectively applied for transmission path and RX path.The execution mode of antenna depends on the specific criteria that Wireless Telecom Equipment is followed.

Digit receiver processing module 64 and digit emitter processing module 76 combine with operational order in being stored in memory 75, distinguish combine digital receiver functions and digit emitter function according to one or more wireless communication standards.This digital received processing module 64 is sent processing module 76 with this numeral and is also further carried out like the one or more aspects of the described function of Fig. 3-11.The digit receiver function comprises, but is not limited to, and digital intermediate frequency is separated mapping (constellation demapping), decoding and/or descrambling code (descrambling) to conversion, demodulation, the constellation of base band.The digit emitter function comprises, but is not limited to, and scrambler, coding, constellation mapping, modulation and/or digital baseband are to the conversion of intermediate frequency.Digit receiver and reflector processing module 64 and 76 can be with shared treatment facilities, divide other treatment facility or a plurality of treatment facility to realize.Such treatment facility can be microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, CPU, field field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logical circuit, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or based on any equipment of operational order control signal (simulation and/or numeral).This memory 75 can be single memory devices or a plurality of memory devices.Such memory devices can be the equipment of read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory and/or any storing digital information.Be noted that; When processing module 64 and/or 76 was carried out one or more function through state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit, the memory of storage corresponding operating instruction was embedded in the circuit of state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit.

During operation, this wireless transmitter 60 receives outbound data 94 through HPI 62 from main process equipment.HPI 62 sends to digit emitter processing module 76 with outbound data 94; Digit emitter processing module 76 is handled outbound data 94 according to specific wireless communication standard (for example IEEE802.11 and its a plurality of versions, bluetooth and its a plurality of versions etc.), produces digital transmission formats data 96.Digital transmission formats data 96 will be a digital baseband signal or digital Low Medium Frequency signal, and the typical frequency range of this Low Medium Frequency is to several MHz from 100KHz.

Digital to analog converter 78 is transformed into analog domain with this digital transmission form data 96 from numeric field.Filtering/gain module 80 filtered and/or adjusted its gain to it earlier before analog signal is offered up-conversion mixer stage 82.According to the reflector local oscillation 83 that local oscillation module 74 provides, up-conversion mixer stage 82 becomes radiofrequency signal with this ABB or Low Medium Frequency conversion of signals.Power amplifier 84 amplifies this radiofrequency signal and produces departures radiofrequency signal 98, and 85 pairs of departures of reflector filtration module radiofrequency signal 98 is carried out filtering.Antenna 86 is to target device, and for example base station, access point and/or other Wireless Telecom Equipment are launched departures radiofrequency signal 98.

Also through the radiofrequency signal 88 of antenna 86 reception of inbound, this inbound radiofrequency signal is by base station, access point and/or the emission of other Wireless Telecom Equipment for wireless transmitter 60.Antenna 86 offers receiver filtration module 71 through emitter/receiver change over switch 73 with inbound radiofrequency signal 88, the inbound radiofrequency signal 88 of receiver filtration module 71 bandpass filterings.The module that accepts filter 71 offers low noise amplifier 72 with filtered radiofrequency signal, and low noise amplifier 72 amplifies this signal 88 and produces the inbound radiofrequency signal of amplifying.Inbound radiofrequency signal after low noise amplifier 72 will amplify offers intermediate frequency frequency mixing module 70; Down conversion module 70 is based on the receiver local oscillation that is provided by local oscillation module 74, and the inbound radiofrequency signal after directly will amplifying converts inbound Low Medium Frequency signal or baseband signal to.Down conversion module 70 offers filtering/gain module 68 with inbound Low Medium Frequency signal or baseband signal.68 filtering of filtering/gain module and/or gain inbound Low Medium Frequency signal or inbound baseband signal are to produce the check-in signal of filtering.

Analog to digital converter 66 is transformed into numeric field with the filtering check-in signal from analog domain, to produce digital received formatted data 90.According to the particular wireless communication standards that wireless transmitter 60 is carried out, 64 pairs of digital received formatted datas 90 of digital received processing module are decoded, descrambling code, separate mapping and/or demodulation, to regain inbound data 92.HPI 62 offers main process equipment 18-32 through wireless receiving and dispatching interface 54 with the inbound data that regains 92.

Such as those of ordinary skill in the art knowledge, Wireless Telecom Equipment shown in Figure 2 can adopt one or more integrated circuits to realize.For example, main process equipment can be realized on an integrated circuit.Digit receiver processing module 64, digit emitter processing module 76 and memory 75 can be realized on second integrated circuit.Wireless transmitter 60 other parts except that antenna can be realized on the 3rd integrated circuit.As another example, wireless transmitter 60 can be realized on single integrated circuit.As another example, the processing module 50 of main process equipment can be the shared treatment facility of on single integrated circuit, realizing with digit receiver and reflector processing module 64 and 76.Further, memory 52 and 75 can be realized on single integrated circuit, and/or on the same single integrated circuit that the shared processing module as processing module 50 and digit receiver and

reflector processing module

64 and 76 belongs to, realize.

Fig. 3 is the block diagram of another Wireless Telecom Equipment of the present invention.This Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises main process equipment 18-32 and relevant wireless transmitter 60.For mobile telephone main unit, wireless transmitter 60 is built-in parts.For personal digital assistant main frame, kneetop computer main frame and/or personal host computer, this wireless transmitter 60 can built-inly also can be outer relay part.

Wireless transmitter 60 comprises a HPI 62, baseband processing module 63, memory 65, a plurality of radiofrequency launcher 67,69,71; Transmission/reception modular converter 73, a plurality of antenna 81,83,85, a plurality of radio frequency receiver 75,77,79 and local oscillation module 99.Baseband processing module 63 combines to be stored in the operational order in the memory 65, respectively combine digital receiver function and digit emitter function.The digit receiver function comprises; But be not limited to, the prefix that digital intermediate frequency is separated mapping (constellation demapping), decoding, release of an interleave, FFT, circulation to conversion, demodulation, the constellation of base band removes, room and time is decoded and/or descrambling code (descrambling).The digit emitter function comprises, but is not limited to, and the prefix of scrambler, coding, staggered, constellation mapping, modulation, inverse fast fourier transform, circulation is added, room and time coding and/or digital baseband be to the conversion of intermediate frequency.Baseband processing module 63 can use one or more treatment facilities to realize.This treatment facility can be microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, CPU, field field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logical circuit, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or any equipment that comes operation signal (simulation and/or numeral) based on operational order.Memory 66 can be single memory device or a plurality of memory device.This memory device can be the equipment of read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory and/or any storing digital information.Be noted that; When processing module 63 was carried out one or more function through state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit, the memory of storage corresponding operating instruction was to be embedded in the circuit of this state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit.

During operation, wireless transmitter 60 receives outbound data 87 through HPI 62 from main process equipment.Baseband processing module 63 receives outbound data 87, and produces one or more departures character strings 89 based on mode select signal 101.Mode select signal 101 will be indicated a specific pattern shown in the model selection table.For example, mode select signal 101, referring to table 1, possibly indicate frequency range is 2.4GHz, channel width be 20 or 22MHz and Maximum Bit Rate be per second 54 megabits.In this total category, mode select signal will further be indicated a particular rate, its scope from per second 1 megabit to per second 54 megabits.In addition, mode select signal will be indicated a kind of specific modulation type, and it includes, but not limited to Barker code modulation, BPSK (binary phase shift keying), QPSK (QPSK), CCK (complementary code keying), 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) and/or 64QAM.As shown in table 1; Code rate also is provided, also provides bit number (NBPSC), the character-coded bit number of each OFDM (OFDM) (NCBPS), the data bit (NDBPS) of each OFDM character, the decibel grade (EVM) of error vector, the sensitivity that is expressed as the required maximal received power of the acquisition target bag error rate (for example IEEE802.11a is 10%), adjacent channel inhibition (ACR) and an adjacent channel that replaces of each subcarrier coding to suppress (AACR) simultaneously.

Mode select signal also can be to the selection of corresponding pattern indication particular communication channel, the selection of the communication channel of making for the information of his-and-hers watches 1 as shown in table 2.It is as shown in the table, and table 2 comprises channel number and corresponding centre frequency.Mode select signal can further be table 1 an indication power spectrum density mask value as shown in table 3 (power spectral density mask value).As selection, the speed of mode select signal in can dial gauge 4, its frequency range is 5GHz, and channel width is 20MHz, and Maximum Bit Rate is per second 54 megabits.If this is a specific model selection, the selection of this communication channel is as shown in table 5.As further selection, it is 2.4GHz that this mode select signal 102 can be indicated frequency range, and channel width is 20MHz, and Maximum Bit Rate is per second 192 megabits, and is as shown in table 6.In table 6, can utilize a plurality of antennas to reach higher bandwidth.In this example, model selection also indicates the quantity of used antenna.Table 7 shows the selection of the communication channel that is provided with into table 6.Table 8 has been represented another the mode option, and its frequency range is 5GHz, and channel width is 20MHz, and Maximum Bit Rate is per second 192 megabits.Corresponding table 8 comprise utilize 2 to 4 antennas and indication the space time code rate from per second 12 megabits to per second the various bit rate in the 216 megabit scopes, it is as shown in the table.Table 9 shows the selection of the communication channel of table 8.This mode select signal 102 can also be indicated a specific operator scheme as shown in table 10, and its corresponding frequency range is 5GHz, and channel width is 40MHz, and Maximum Bit Rate is per second 486 megabits.As shown in table 10, adopt 1-4 antenna and corresponding space time code rate, this bit rate can be selected in the 486 megabit scopes from per second 13.5 megabits to per second.Table 10 also shows the bit number of a special modulation plan code rate and subcarrier coding.Table 11 provides the power spectrum density mask value of table 10.Table 12 provides the selection of the communication channel of table 10.

Baseband processing module 63 produces one or more departures character strings 89 based on this mode select signal 101 from this outbound data 87.For example, if for selected specific pattern, individual antenna is used in mode select signal 101 indications, and baseband processing module 63 will produce single departures character string 89.Optionally, if 2,3 or 4 antennas of this mode select signal indication, baseband processing module 63 will produce and corresponding 2,3 or 4 the departures character strings 89 of antenna amount from this outbound data 87.

The quantity that depends on the departures character string 89 that is produced by baseband processing module 63, the

radiofrequency launcher

67,69,71 of respective numbers are activated and convert departures radiofrequency signal 91 to the character string 89 that will set off.The realization of

radiofrequency launcher

67,69,71 will further describe with reference to figure 4.Transmission/reception modular converter 73 receives this departures radiofrequency signal 91 and each departures radiofrequency signal is offered corresponding

antenna

81,83 and 85.

When wireless transmitter 60 was operated in receiving mode, transmission/reception modular converter 73 received one or more inbound radiofrequency signals through this

antenna

81,83 and 85.Transmission/reception modular converter 73 offers one or more radio frequency receivers 75,77,79 with inbound radiofrequency signal 93.Radio frequency receiver 75,77,79 (will do more detailed description with reference to figure 4) converts inbound radiofrequency signal 93 to the inbound character string 95 of respective numbers.The quantity of inbound character string 95 corresponding with the reception AD HOC that data adopted (this pattern can be any pattern shown in the table 1-12).Baseband processing module 63 reception of inbound character strings 95, and convert thereof into inbound data 97, this inbound data 97 will offer this main process equipment 18-32 through HPI 62.

Such as those of ordinary skill in the art knowledge, this Wireless Telecom Equipment shown in Figure 3 can adopt one or more integrated circuits to realize.For example, main process equipment can be realized on an integrated circuit.Baseband processing module 63 can be realized on second integrated circuit with memory 65.Wireless transmitter 60 other parts except that antenna can be realized on the 3rd integrated circuit.As the example of a replacement, wireless transmitter 60 can be realized on a single integrated circuit.As another example, the processing module 50 and the baseband processing module 63 of main process equipment can be the shared treatment facilities of on a single integrated circuit, realizing.Further,

memory

52 and 65 can realized on the single integrated circuit and/or on the shared integrated circuit of the processing module 50 of main process equipment and baseband processing module 63, realize.

Fig. 4 is the block diagram of

radiofrequency launcher

67,69,71 embodiment.This radiofrequency launcher comprises digital filtering and make progress sampling module 475, D/A converter module 477, analog filter 479, frequency up-converted module 481, power amplifier 483 and radio-frequency filter 485.Digital filtering receives a character string with the sampling module 475 that makes progress from departures character string 89, and to its digital filtering, from this character string ratio, upwards is sampled to a required ratio afterwards, thereby produces filtering character 487.D/A converter module 477 converts filtering character 487 to analog signal 489.Analog signal can comprise with phase constituent and orthogonal component.

479 pairs of analog signals of analog filter 489 are carried out filtering, produce filtered analog signals 491.Frequency up-converted module 481 (can comprise a pair of frequency mixer and a filter) produces high-frequency signal 495 with filtered analog signals 491 and local oscillation 493 mixing that produced by local oscillation module 99.The frequency of the frequency of high-frequency signal 495 and radiofrequency signal 91 is corresponding.

Power amplifier 483 amplifies this high-frequency signal 495 to produce the high-frequency signal 497 that amplifies.Radio-frequency filter 485 (can be the high band bandpass filter) carries out filtering to the high-frequency signal 497 that amplifies, to produce required departures radiofrequency signal 91.

Such as those of ordinary skills knowledge; Each

radiofrequency launcher

67,69,71 all comprises analog structure as shown in Figure 4; And comprise a closing organ, when not needing certain specific radiofrequency launcher, it is forbidden with the mode that does not produce interference signal and/or noise with box lunch.

Fig. 5 is the block diagram of radio frequency receiver 75,77,79.In this embodiment, each radio frequency receiver comprises radio-frequency filter 501, low noise amplifier (LNA) 503, programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 505, frequency down-converts module 507, analog filter 509, analog-to-digital conversion module 511 and digital filtering and downward sampling module 513.Radio-frequency filter 501 (can time a high band bandpass filter) reception of inbound radiofrequency signal 93 and to its filtering, to produce the inbound radiofrequency signal of filtering.Low noise amplifier 503 amplifies filtered inbound radiofrequency signal 93 based on the gain of setting, and amplifying signal is offered programmable gain amplifier 505.Programmable gain amplifier is before offering frequency down-converts module 507 with inbound radiofrequency signal 93, further with its amplification.

Frequency down-converts module 507 comprises a pair of frequency mixer, an addition module and a filter, with inbound radiofrequency signal and the local oscillation mixing that is produced by the local oscillation module, thereby produces analog baseband signal.This analog baseband signal of analog filter 509 filtering also offers analog-to-digital conversion module 511 with it.Analog-to-digital conversion module 511 converts this analog baseband signal to digital signal.Digital filter and this digital signal of downward sampling module 513 filtering are adjusted sampling rate then to produce inbound character string 95.

Fig. 6 is the schematic block diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment 25,27 and/or 29 is communicated by letter with access point 12-16.Wireless Telecom Equipment 25,27 and/or 29 can be any one among Fig. 1-3 apparatus shown 18-32.In Fig. 6, this access point 12-16 comprises a processing module 15, memory 17 and wireless transceiver 19.This wireless transceiver 19 structurally can be similar with the wireless transceiver of each Wireless Telecom Equipment, can comprise a plurality of antennas, transmission path and RX path, in order to carry out a plurality of radio communications in zone or the basic service set scope nearby.Processing module 15 can be single treatment facility or a plurality of treatment facility.Such processing module 15 can be a single microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, CPU, field field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logical circuit, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or any equipment that comes operation signal (simulation and/or numeral) based on operational order.Memory 17 can be single memory equipment or a plurality of memory devices.Such memory devices can be the equipment of read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory and/or any storing digital information.Be noted that; When processing module 15 was carried out one or more function through state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or a logical circuit, the memory of storage corresponding operating instruction was to be embedded in or to be external on the circuit of this state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit.Memory 17 storage, the instruction of processing module 15 executable operations, the step that this operational order is corresponding as Fig. 7 is extremely shown in Figure 32 and/or at least a portion of function.

In Fig. 6, each Wireless Telecom Equipment telecommunications 25,27 adopts different wireless communication protocols with 29.As shown in the figure, Wireless Telecom Equipment 25 adopts agreement A, Wireless Telecom Equipment 27 to adopt agreement B, Wireless Telecom Equipment 29 to adopt agreement C.。For example, agreement A, B and C can be corresponding to the different editions of IEEE802.11 standard.Especially, agreement A can be corresponding to IEEE802.11b, and agreement B can be corresponding to IEEE802.11n corresponding to IEEE802.11g and agreement C.

Agreement can sort by an agreement sequence list of listing agreement A, B and C successively.This ordering can be carried out according to the version of leaving over of each respective protocol, and the agreement that comes first is early version, and the agreement that rolls into last place is up-to-date standard.For example, in current diagram, agreement A can be corresponding to IEEE802.11b, and agreement B can be corresponding to IEEE802.11n corresponding to IEEE802.11g and agreement C.As selection, the agreement ordering can be carried out according to program user-defined and/or system manager's definition.For example, if when adopting agreement A to set up radio communication, when causing error of transmission to reach unacceptable degree (quantity) owing to the frame that can't discern, the user can select agreement B form to set up radio communication.This notion will be explained in more detail with reference to remaining diagram.

In the operation, the agreement that each Wireless Telecom Equipment adopted that this access point 12-16 and/or each Wireless Telecom Equipment telecommunications 25,27 and 29 are confirmed in the near zone.Mention once more, but near zone can comprise basic service set and/or near basic service set and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment betwixt direct communication directly or multi-hop (ad-hoc) network.In case confirmed the agreement of each Wireless Telecom Equipment, which agreement access point 12-16 and/or each Wireless Telecom Equipment telecommunications 25,27 and 29 confirm to adopt set up radio communication according to the agreement order.For example, if agreement A is corresponding IEEE802.11b, communication equipment will adopt media access control layer (MAC) level protection mechanism to set up radio communication, like what will further in Figure 22, describe.After this manner, each Wireless Telecom Equipment all will adopt agreement A to set up radio communication, and like this, legacy devices identifies the foundation of radio communication, also identifies the duration of radio communication, thereby it does not launch in this time, thereby avoid conflict.

In case adopt the agreement of from the agreement ordering, selecting (for example agreement A) to set up radio communication, communication equipment will utilize its agreement other part emission data in radio communication.For example, Wireless Telecom Equipment 25 will adopt agreement A to carry out the foundation and the emission data of radio communication.Wireless Telecom Equipment 27 will adopt agreement A to set up radio communication, adopt agreement B to accomplish corresponding data transmission for this radio communication then.Similarly, Wireless Telecom Equipment 29 will adopt agreement A to set up radio communication, adopt agreement C to carry out the data transmission part of radio communication then.

Such as those of ordinary skill in the art knowledge, if only comprise the Wireless Telecom Equipment that adopts same protocol in the near zone, the foundation of radio communication and data transmission just adopt this agreement to accomplish.Such as those of ordinary skill in the art further knowledge, if only there are two kinds of different protocol in this near zone, selection is left over release protocol as setting up agreement.

Shown in Figure 7 for being in the radio communication between two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102 in the near zone, these two Wireless Telecom Equipments all adopt with a kind of agreement IEEE802.11n.This radio communication can be directly (just from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the Wireless Telecom Equipment) or indirect (just from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the access point again to Wireless Telecom Equipment).In this example, Wireless Telecom Equipment 100 provides frame 104 to Wireless Telecom Equipment 102.This frame 104 comprises that radio communication sets up information field field 106 and data division 108.Radio communication is set up message part 106 and is comprised a short training sequence (STS) 157, and it can be that 8 μ s are long; One first additional long training sequence (LTS) 159 can be that 8 μ s are long, and it is in a plurality of additional long training sequences 161; A signal field field 163 can be that 4 μ s are long.Notice that the quantity of additional long training sequence 159,161 is corresponding with the quantity of the transmitting antenna that MIMO wireless communications adopts.

The data division of this frame 104 comprises a plurality of data characters 165,167,169, and each continues 4 μ s.As required, last data character 169 also comprises tail position and filler.

Shown in Figure 8 for being in the radio communication between two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102 in the near zone, these two Wireless Telecom Equipments all adopt with a kind of agreement IEEE802.11n.This radio communication can be directly (just from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the Wireless Telecom Equipment) or indirect (just from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the access point again to Wireless Telecom Equipment).In this example, Wireless Telecom Equipment 100 adopts a plurality of antenna #1-#N to Wireless Telecom Equipment 102 a plurality of frame 104-1,104-2,104-N to be provided.Each frame 104-1,104-2,104-N comprise that radio communication sets up information field field 106 and data division 108.This radio communication is set up message part 106 and is comprised a short training sequence 157, and it can be that 8 μ s are long; One first additional long training sequence 159 can be that 8 μ s are long, and it is in a plurality of additional long training sequences 161; A signal field field 163 can be that 4 μ s are long.Notice that the quantity of this additional long training sequence 159,161 is corresponding with the quantity of the transmitting antenna that MIMO wireless communications adopts.

In this example, preamble (being sometimes referred to as " greenery patches (Greenfield) ") is to be directed against when the situation of .11n equipment existence is only arranged.As selection, when adopting MAC level protection (clear to send/transmission request or self-clear to send (CTS-to-self)), can preamble be used in (.11 .11a .11b and .11g) on the legacy devices.(when leaving over the station and do not exist, the protection of MAC level also can be used, with the very long burst (burst) of protection)

For transmitting antenna 1, this short training sequence 157 can be identical with 802.11a.To N, it is the variant (version) of the cyclic shift of same sequence for antenna 2.In preference pattern, the quantity of each antenna cyclic shift (shift) is calculated by (antenna amount-1) * 800/N ns.Be 0 just for 1 antenna displacement.For 2 antennas, displacement is that 0ns is for antenna 1 and 400ns.For 3 antennas, displacement is 0,250 and 500ns.For 4 antennas, displacement is respectively 0,200,400 and 600ns.When displacement is a unit when being rounded up (roundedto) with 50ns (inverse of character clock frequency), this execution is simple.Displacement can be executed on the direction forward or backward.

Additional long training sequence 159,161: (m=1) multiple possible implementation is arranged.To this situation, will have only a long training sequence 159.For antenna 1, it will be the same with this 802.11a long training sequence 159, but only 4 μ s are long, and it comprises the protection interval of one 0.8 μ s.For antenna 2-N, it is the variant of the cyclic shift of same sequence.In preference pattern, the quantity of each antenna cyclic shift is calculated by (antenna amount-1) * 4/N μ s.Be 0 just for 1 antenna displacement.For 2 antennas, displacement is that 0ns is for

antenna

1 and 4 μ s.For 3 antennas, displacement is 0,2.65 and 5.35 μ s.For 4 antennas, displacement is 0,2,4 and 6 μ s.Retell once, when displacement is a unit when being rounded up (rounded to) with 50ns (inverse of character clock frequency), this execution is simple.Displacement can be executed on the direction forward or backward.

For (m=N), the quantity of this training sequence equals the quantity of transmitting antenna.(m=1) situation is preferred because this will make produce on the receiver channel estimation error less, especially for the more situation of antenna amount.Therefore, it is gradable (scalable).Training sequence has two kinds of possible selections:

Zero at interval-in this case, sequence (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) ... Up to (N, N) identical with the 802.11a long training sequence.All other (just (1,2), (2,1) etc.) do not have data transmission for zero-signal one in this time space.

Subchannel zero-signal one in this case, training sequence sub-channels collection is cut apart by quantity of transmitting antenna.Independent subclass is activated in each height training at interval.

Orthogonal sequence is produced by the orthonormal matrix (for example producing the matrix of DFT) that the subcarrier of 802.11a long training sequence multiply by a m * m.

Fig. 9 is the sketch map of the present invention for the preamble of two transmitting antenna frame 104-1,104-2 use cyclic shift, and wherein, communication equipment is positioned at and only comprises the near zone of following 802.11n equipment.Preamble is the part that radio communication is set up information 106, and it comprises short training sequence 157,

long training sequence

159 and 161, signal field (SIG1) 224 and data field or other signal field 228.For first antenna frame 104-1, this short training sequence 157 is divided into two groups of character group 232,234.In one embodiment, this short training sequence 157 comprises 10 characters according to the 800ns of 802.11x standard earlier version.The

long training sequence

159 and 161 of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises two protections (GI2) 236 at interval, and its duration can be 1600ns, and corresponding to the last 1600ns that preplans to the long training sequence of this

long training sequence

159 and 161.

The

long training sequence

159 and 161 of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises the long training sequence of twice repetition, and it can be corresponding and the earlier version of 802.11x standard, and wherein, the tone of this long training sequence is divided into two group 238,240.Signal field 224 comprises foregoing information with selectable secondary signal field 228, and it can be opened by protection interval (GI) in 220,226 minutes.

The preamble of second antenna frame 104-2 comprises and the similar composition of the first antenna preamble, but this short training sequence 157 and/or

long training sequence

159 and 161 are cyclic shifts.As shown in the figure, in short training sequence 157, second group of character 234 is before first group of character 232 in time, and the timing sequence of the preamble of itself and antenna 1 is opposite.As shown in further, this short training sequence 157 can comprise and be divided into two groups 10 characters, and wherein, this first group 232 comprises character 0-5, and second group 234 comprises character 6-9.For first antenna, first group of character 232 is in time before second group 234; For second antenna, second group of character 234 is in time before first group 232.In one embodiment, the displacement of this circulation can be 400-1600ns.

Long training sequence field 159 and each long training sequence pattern of 161 can be divided into as shown in the figure two group 238,240, and wherein, for the first antenna frame 104-1, first group of tone 238 is in time before second group of tone 240; For the second antenna frame 104-2, second group of tone 240 is in time before first group of tone 238.So, the

long training sequence

159 and 161 of this second antenna frame 104-2 is the long training sequence 159 of the first antenna frame 104-1 and the representation of 161 cyclic shift.

Figure 10 be for two transmitting antenna frame 104-1,104-2 through use loose character and/or tone adopt multi-form cyclic shift the sketch map of preamble, wherein, communication equipment is positioned at and only comprises the near zone of following 802.11n equipment.This preamble is the part that radio communication is set up information 106, and it comprises short training sequence 157,

long training sequence

159 and 161, signal field (SIG1) 224, data field or other signal field 228 and two protection interval (GI) 220,226.In this embodiment, the character of short training sequence 157 is divided into two groups of characters 232,234.Be included in for first group 232 among the first antenna frame 104-1, second group of character 234 is included among the second antenna frame 104-2.This figure comprise with character be divided into two group 232,234 example, wherein, in one embodiment, short training sequence 157 comprises 10 characters according to 802.11x standard earlier version.The

long training sequence

159 and 161.

Long training sequence

159 and 161 comprises the long training sequence of twice repetition, and it can accord with 802.11x standard earlier version.Wherein, the tone of this long training sequence is divided into two group 238,240.First group of tone 238 is included among the first antenna frame 104-1, and second group of tone 240 is included among the second antenna frame 104-2.

Figure 11 be for three transmitting antenna frame 104-1 ,-2 ,-3 use cyclic shifts the sketch map of preamble, wherein, communication equipment is positioned at and only comprises the near zone of following 802.11n equipment.This preamble is the part that radio communication is set up information 106, and it comprises short training sequence 157, long training sequence (LTS) 159 and 161, signal field (SIG1) 224, data field or other signal field 228 and two protection interval (GI) 220,226.For first antenna frame 104-1, this short training sequence is divided into three groups of characters 250,252,254.In one embodiment, this short training sequence 157 comprises 10 characters according to the 800ns of 802.11x standard earlier version, and wherein, for example, first group of character 250 comprises 0-2, and second group of character 252 comprises 3-5, and the 3rd group of character 254 comprises 6-9.Such as those of ordinary skills knowledge, also can adopt other packet mode of character.

The

long training sequence

159 and 161 of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises two protections (GI2) 236 at interval, and its duration can be 1600ns, and corresponding to the last 1600ns that preplans to the long training sequence of this long training sequence 159 and 161.This

long training sequence

159 and 161 comprises the long training sequence of twice repetition, and it can accord with the earlier version of 802.11x standard.Wherein, the tone of this long training sequence is divided into three group 256,258,260.This signal field 224 comprises foregoing information with selectable secondary signal field 238.

Second antenna is similar with the composition that preamble comprised of the first antenna frame 104-1 with the preamble of the 3rd antenna frame 104-2,104-3, but wherein short training sequence 157 and/or

long training sequence

159 and 161 are cyclic shifts.As shown in the figure, with respect to each antenna frame 104-1,104-2,104-3, three groups of characters 250,252,254 are by the time displacement.In one embodiment, this cyclic shift can be 400-1600ns.

This long training sequence field 159 and each long training sequence pattern of 161 can be divided into as shown in the figure three group 256,258,260; Wherein, For the first antenna frame 104-1, first group of tone 256 in time at second and the 3rd group of tone 258, before 260; For the second antenna frame 104-2, second group of tone 258 in time at first and the 3rd group of tone 256, before 260; For third antenna frame 104-3, the 3rd group of tone 260 in time at first and second groups of tones 256, before 258.So, this second with the

long training sequence

159 and 161 of third antenna frame 104-2,104-3 be the long training sequence 159 of the first antenna frame 104-1 and the representation of 161 cyclic shift.

Figure 12 be for three transmitting antenna frame 104-1 ,-2 ,-3 use cyclic shifts the sketch map of another kind of preamble, this preamble comprises that one is left over a part and an extention.Leave over part and comprise short training sequence 157 and long training sequence 159 and 161.This short training sequence 157 can be divided into three groups of characters 250,252,254; This

long training sequence

159 and 161 can be divided into two groups of tones 238,240.Extention comprises a protection interval 274 and a unique long training sequence pattern that comprises first and second groups of tones 276,278.

In this embodiment, s1..s2 is the cyclic shift of K * 200ns of s0, wherein, K=1..2, s0-s2 is corresponding to the character of the short training sequence field 157 of separately antenna frame 104-1,104-2,104-3.Long training sequence 159 and first and second groups of tones 238,240 of 161 are left over the long training of version 802.11a character (3.2 μ s corresponding to two; Each adds the preplanned two protections of 1.6 μ s GI2236 at interval); Wherein, every pair of first and second groups of tones the 238, the 240th are identical.This long training sequence 159 of this second antenna frame 104-2 and first and second groups of tones 238,240 of 161 are cyclic shifts of each 1.6 μ s of first and second groups of tones 238,240 of the first antenna frame 104-1.The additional long training sequence of third antenna frame 104-3 is that the duplicating of first and second groups of tones 238,240 of the long training sequence pattern of the first antenna frame 104-1 adds preplanned two protection 274 (1.6 last μ s) at interval.Have only first data character (data 0) 272 just to have preplanned two protection 270 (1.6 last μ s) at interval.All data characters subsequently only have preplanned protection (GI) (last 800ns) at interval.Two protection interval field 274 before additional long training sequence and in first data character (data 0) two protection interval field 270 before in order to allow setting to power amplifier.

Figure 13 be for three transmitting antenna frame 104-1,104-2,104-3 through adopting comprising of cyclic shift form of loose character and/or the sketch map of the preamble of tone, wherein, communication equipment is positioned at and only comprises the near zone of following 802.11n equipment.This preamble is the part that radio communication is set up information 106, and it comprises short training sequence 157,

long training sequence

159 and 161, signal field (SIG1) 224, data field or other signal field 228 and two protection intervals 220,226.In this embodiment, the character of short training sequence 157 is divided into three group 280,282,284.Be contained in for first group 280 among the first antenna frame 104-1; Second group of character 282 is contained among the second antenna frame 104-2; The 3rd group of character 284 is contained among the third antenna frame 104-3.Also comprise an example that character is divided into groups among the figure, wherein, in one embodiment, short training sequence 157 comprises 10 characters according to the earlier version of 802.11x standard.In such example, first group 280 can comprise that character can comprise that character can comprise character 2,5,8 for 1,4,7, the three group 284 for 0,3,6, the second group 282.

The

long training sequence

159 and 161 of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises two protections (GI2) 236 at interval, and its duration can be 1600ns, and corresponding to the last 1600ns that preplans to the long training sequence of this long training sequence 161.This long training sequence comprises the

long training sequence

159 and 161 of twice repetition, and it can meet the earlier version of 802.11x standard, and wherein, the tone of this long training sequence is divided into three group 286,288,290.First group of tone 286 is contained in the first antenna frame 104-1; Second group of tone 288 is contained among the second antenna frame 104-2; The 3rd group of tone 290 is contained among the third antenna frame 104-3.For example, if a long training sequence comprises 15 tones, first group 286 can comprise

tone

0,3,6,9,12; Can comprise

tone

1,4,7,10,13 for second group 288; Can comprise

tone

2,5,8,11,14 for the 3rd group 290.

Figure 14 is the sketch map of the preamble of four transmitting antenna frame 104-1,104-2,104-3,104-4 use cyclic shift.As shown in the figure, this short training sequence 157 can be divided into four groups of characters 300,302,304,306, and/or this

long training sequence

159 and 161 can be divided into four groups of tones 308,310,312,314.For each antenna frame 104-1,104-2,104-3,104-4, these character group 300,302,304,306 cyclic shifts, and/or these sets of tones 308,310,312,314 cyclic shifts.

Figure 15 be four transmitting antenna frame 104-1,104-2,104-3,104-4 use cyclic shift another diagram of preamble.In this embodiment, s1..s3 is the cyclic shift of K * 200ns of s0, wherein, K=1..3, s0-s3 is corresponding to the character group 300,302,304,306 of this short training sequence field 157.The long training sequence 159 of this first and second antennas frame 104-1,104-2 with 161 with signal field 224 with identical with reference to what Figure 12 discussed.The additional long training sequence of this third antenna frame 104-3 comprises first group 238 and second groups 240; They can be the long training sequence 159 of the first antenna frame 104-1 and duplicating of first and second groups of tones 238,240 of 161, add preplanned two protection (GI2) 236 (1.6 last μ s) at interval.The additional long training sequence of the 4th antenna frame 104-4 comprises first and second groups of tones 238,240 of the long training sequence of the second antenna frame 104-2, adds preplanned two protection (GI2) 236 (1.6 last μ s) at interval.In other words, the long training sequence of the 4th antenna frame 104-4 is the cyclic shift of 1.6 μ s of the additional long training sequence of third antenna.First data character (data 0) 272 has preplanned two protection (GI2) 270 (1.6 last μ s) at interval.All data characters subsequently only have preplanned protection (GI) (last 800ns) at interval.

Figure 16 is the sketch map of preamble of the loose character of use and/or the tone of four transmitting antennas frame of adopting cyclic shifts, and wherein, communication equipment is positioned at and only comprises the near zone of following 802.11n equipment.This preamble is the part that radio communication is set up information 106, and it comprises short training sequence 157, long training sequence 159 and 161, signal field (SIG1) 224, data field or other signal field 228 and two protection intervals 220,226.In this embodiment, the character of this short training sequence 157 is divided into four group 320,322,324,326.First group of character 320 is contained among the first antenna frame 104-1; Second group of character 322 is contained among the second antenna frame 104-2; The 3rd group of character 324 is contained among the third antenna frame 104-3; The 4th group of character 326 is contained among the 4th antenna frame 104-4.Comprise an example that character is divided into groups among the figure, wherein, in one embodiment, this short training sequence 157 comprises 10 characters according to the earlier version of 802.11x standard.For example, first group of character 320 can comprise that character can comprise that 1,5, the three groups of characters 324 of character can comprise that 2,6, the four groups of characters 326 of character can comprise character 3,7 for 0,4, the second group 322.

The long training sequence 159 and 161 of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises two protections (GI2) 236 at interval, and its duration can be 1600ns, and corresponding to the last 1600ns that preplans to the long training sequence of this long training sequence.This long training sequence comprises the long training sequence 159 and 161 of twice repetition, and it can accord with the earlier version of 802.11x standard.Wherein, the tone of this long training sequence is divided into four group 328,330,332,334.First group of tone 328 is contained in the first antenna frame 104-1; This second group of tone 330 is contained among the second antenna frame 104-2; The 3rd group of tone 332 is contained among the third antenna frame 104-3; The 4th group of tone 334 is contained among the 4th antenna frame 104-4.For example, if long training sequence comprises 20 tones, first group 328 can comprise tone 0,4,8,12,16; Can comprise tone 1,5,9,13,17 for second group 330; Can comprise tone 2,6,10,14,18 for the 3rd group 332; Can comprise tone 3,7,11,15,19 for the 4th group 334.Notice that this additional long training sequence field can be used, so that the tone of long training sequence pattern only is divided into two groups of tones.

Figure 17 is the sketch map that carries out radio communication between two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102, and these two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102 are all followed IEEE802.11n.This communication occurs in one and comprises the equipment of following 802.11n, follows the equipment of 802.11a and/or follow the near zone of the equipment of 802.11g.In this example, radio communication can be direct or indirect, and wherein, what frame 110 comprised the information of foundation leaves over part 112, sets up the remainder 114 and data division 108 of information.

This part 112 of leaving over of setting up information comprises a short training sequence that continues 8 μ s 157, a long training sequence 171 and a signal field 173 that continues 4 μ s that continues 8 μ s.This signal field 173 like what known, comprises a plurality of bits in order to the duration of indication frame 110.After this manner, follow the equipment of following 802.11g in equipment and the near zone of 802.11a in the near zone and can recognize a frame and transmit, even such equipment can not translate this frame rest parts.In this example, leave over the suitable decoding of part 112, leave over version equipment (IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11g) and will avoid the conflict of communicating by letter with IEEE802.11n based on information that radio communication is set up.

The remaining information 114 of setting up comprises additional long training sequence 159,161, and each all continues 4 μ s.The remaining information of setting up also comprises a high data-signal field 163, continues 4 μ s, in order to the additional information about this frame to be provided.Data division 108 comprises data character 165,167,169, all continues 4 μ s, and is described like earlier in respect of figures 7.In this example, this leaves over part provides in physical layer.

Figure 18 is the sketch map that carries out radio communication between two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102, and these two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102 are all followed IEEE802.11n.This communication occurs in one and comprises the equipment of following 802.11n, follows the equipment of 802.11a and/or follow the near zone of the equipment of 802.11g.In this example, radio communication can be direct or indirect, wherein, adopts a plurality of antennas, and what frame 110-1,110-2,110-N comprised the information of foundation leaves over part 112, sets up the remainder 114 and data division 108 of information.

In one embodiment, m is the quantity of the long training sequence of each frame, and N is the quantity of transmitting antenna, and preamble (being sometimes referred to as " brown ground (Brownfield) ") is the situation to IEEE802.11a or the existence of .11g legacy devices.For transmitting antenna 1, this Short Training is identical with 802.11a with long training sequence.To N, two kinds of possibilities are arranged for antenna 2:

Use the variant (version) of identical sequence cyclic shift.For Short Training, the quantity of each antenna cyclic shift is calculated by (antenna amount-1) * 800/N ns; For long training, the quantity of each antenna cyclic shift is calculated by (antenna amount-1) * 4/N μ s.

Second kind of pattern is that the Short Training of on antenna 2 to N, launching through the signal field part is zero-signal (just in this time interval, these antenna is not launched).And the additional long training sequence of antenna 1 is not used and does not launch any data in this time period.

This signal field 173 will be continued to use the form identical with 802.11a, be used to 802.11n frame of .11n receiver indication and training subsequently except the bit (4) that keeps will be configured to 1.Should can use multiple mode to define by additional long training sequence:

(m=1) for this situation, will have only an additional long training sequence 159, it will with 802.11a long training sequence quadrature.

(m=N) for this situation, the quantity of training sequence equals the quantity of transmitting antenna.(m=1) situation is preferred because this will make produce on the receiver channel estimation error less, especially for the more situation of antenna amount.Therefore, it is gradable (scalable).

Training sequence has two kinds of possible selections:

Zero at interval one in this case, sequence (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) ... Up to (m, m) identical with the 802.11a long training sequence.All other (just (1,2), (2,1) etc.) do not have data transmission for zero-signal one in this time space.

An embodiment who adopts orthogonal sequence, this orthogonal sequence is produced by the orthogonal matrix (for example producing the matrix of DFT) that the 802.11a long training sequence multiply by a m * m, and this will do more detailed description with reference to figure 29-32.For example, the situation of 4 antennas will adopt following orthogonal matrix to produce subcarrier for each additional long training sequence.

S_{k} = [\begin{matrix} s_{10, k} & s_{11, k} & s_{12, k} \\ s_{20, k} & s_{21, k} & s_{22, k} \\ s_{30, k} & s_{31, k} & s & _{32 . k} \end{matrix}] = [\begin{matrix} s_{00, k} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot θ_{k}} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot φ_{k}} \\ s_{00, k} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (θ_{k} - \frac{4 \cdot π}{3})} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (φ_{k} - \frac{2 \cdot π}{3})} \\ s_{00, k} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (θ_{k} - \frac{2 \cdot π}{3})} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (φ_{k} - \frac{4 \cdot π}{3})} \end{matrix}]

θ _k＝π·k/(4·N _subcarriers)

φ _k＝π·(k+4)/(2·N _subcarriers)

Figure 19 is the sketch map of preamble that uses frame 104-1, the 104-2 of cyclic shifts for two transmitting antennas that part is left in use.As shown in the figure, this short training sequence 157 is divided into two groups of characters 344,346.For example, first group 344 can comprise character 0-4; Can comprise character 5-9 for second group 346.The ensuing part of the preamble of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises that is left over long training sequence 340, protection 220 and signal fields 224 at interval.The additional long training sequence 342 of the second antenna frame 104-2 is identical with the long training sequence of the first antenna frame, but displacement is arranged in time.

Figure 20 is the sketch map of preamble that uses frame 104-1,104-2, the 104-3 of cyclic shifts for three transmitting antennas that part is left in use.As shown in the figure and as discussed previously, short training sequence 157 is divided into three groups of characters 250,252,254.The ensuing part of the preamble of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises that one is left over long training sequence 340, protection interval 220 and signal field 224.The additional long training sequence 342 of the second antenna frame 104-2 is identical with the long training sequence of the first antenna frame, but displacement is arranged in time.The additional long training sequence of third antenna frame 104-3 is the variant of cyclic shift of the additional long training sequence of second antenna.Three all frame 104-1,104-2,104-3 also comprise two protections 336 and data fields 228 at interval.

Figure 21 is to use four transmitting antennas leaving over part to use the sketch map of preamble of frame 104-1,104-2,104-3, the 104-4 of cyclic shifts.As shown in the figure and as discussed previously, short training sequence 157 is divided into four groups of character strings 300,302,304,306.The ensuing part of the preamble of the first antenna frame 104-1 comprises that is left over long training sequence 340, protection 220 and signal fields 224 at interval.The additional long training sequence 342-1 of the second antenna frame 104-2 is identical with the long training sequence of the first antenna frame 104-1, but displacement is arranged in time.The additional long training sequence 342-2 of third antenna frame 104-3 is the variant of cyclic shift of the additional long training sequence of the second antenna frame 104-2.The additional long training sequence 342-3 of the 4th antenna frame 104-4 only comprises a long training sequence pattern 264 leaving over long training sequence, is time shift as shown in the figure, approximately continues 4 μ s.

Figure 22 is the sketch map that carries out radio communication between two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102, and these two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102 are all followed IEEE802.11n.This communication can be to comprise the equipment following 802.11 equipment, follow 802.11a, follow the equipment of 802.11b and/or following the direct or indirect radio communication in the near zone of equipment of 802.11g.In this example, what frame 110 comprised the information of foundation leaves over part 112, sets up the remainder 114 and data division 108 of information.As shown in the figure, this sets up leaving over part 112 or leaving over frame of information, comprises that an IEEE802.11 physical layer (PHY) preamble (just short training sequence, long training sequence and signal field) and a medium access control (MAC) cut apart the frame part.This medium access control (MAC) cuts apart that frame partly indicates can be by the specific part of the particular frame of legacy devices decoding.In this example, this leaves over protection provides at media access control layer.

This remaining information 114 of setting up comprises a plurality of additional long training sequences and high data-signal field.This data division 108 comprises a plurality of foregoing data characters.

Figure 22 is the sketch map that carries out radio communication between two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102, and these two

Wireless Telecom Equipments

100 and 102 are all followed IEEE802.11n.This communication can be to comprise the equipment following 802.11 equipment, follow 802.11a, follow the equipment of 802.11b and/or following the direct or indirect radio communication in the near zone of equipment of 802.11g.In this example, what frame 110 comprised the information of foundation leaves over part 112, sets up the remainder 114 and data division 108 of information.As shown in the figure; This sets up leaving over part 112 or leaving over frame of information, comprises that (frame part 175 is cut apart in short training sequence 157, long training sequence 171 and signal field 173 and a medium access control (MAC) just to an IEEE802.11 physical layer (PHY) preamble.This medium access control (MAC) cuts apart that frame partly indicates can be by the specific part of the particular frame of legacy devices decoding.In this example, this leaves over protection provides at media access control layer.

This remaining information 114 of setting up comprises a plurality of additional long training sequences 159,161 and high data-signal field 163.This data division 108 comprises a plurality of foregoing data characters 165,167,169.

Figure 23 is the sketch map that carries out radio communication between two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 and 102, and these two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 and 102 are all followed IEEE802.11n, adopt a plurality of antennas.This communication can be to comprise the equipment following 802.11 equipment, follow 802.11a, follow the equipment of 802.11b and/or following the direct or indirect radio communication in the near zone of equipment of 802.11g.In this example, what each frame 111-1,111-2,111-N comprised the information of foundation leaves over part 112, sets up the remainder 114 and data division 108 of information.As shown in the figure; This sets up leaving over part 112 or leaving over frame of information, comprises that an IEEE802.11 physical layer (PHY) preamble (just short training sequence 157, long training sequence 171 and signal field 173) and a medium access control (MAC) cut apart frame part 175.This medium access control (MAC) cuts apart that frame partly indicates can be by the specific part of the particular frame of legacy devices decoding.In this example, this leaves over protection provides at media access control layer.Notice that except that signal field, these fields are continued to use previous Fig. 9 and the described identical structure of Figure 10.This is a kind of alternative method, uses MAC to cut apart the network allocation vector (NAV) of leaving over the station in order to setting.This media access control layer section of cutting apart comprises with the encoding rate of leaving over encodes permission by the frame information of .11a and the reception of .11g station.Should add the definition of long training sequence 159,161 and continue to use the identical form shown in Figure 9 with the front.

Shown in Figure 24 in wireless lan (wlan), carrying out the various protocols method of wireless communication.This method is from step 120 beginning, and wherein, access point (for indirect radio communication) or Wireless Telecom Equipment (for direct wireless communication) are confirmed the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the near zone.In one embodiment, can confirm the agreement that it adopted according to frequency range and wireless LAN communication form that each Wireless Telecom Equipment uses.For example, if this frequency range is 2.4GHz, this equipment possibly have the wireless LAN communication form that meets IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and/or IEEE802.11n.If frequency range is 4.9-5.85GHz, this equipment possibly have the WLAN communication format that meets IEEE802.11a or IEEE802.11n.Further, said near zone comprises the overlay area of at least a portion of the basic service set (BSS) that overlay area and/or this basic service set of overlay area, multi-hop (ad-hoc) network of basic service set is adjacent with at least one.As shown in Figure 1, the adjacent basic service set (BSS) of access point 12 comprises the basic service set of access point 14 and/or the basic service set of access point 16.

Get back to Figure 24, next step is step 122 for this method, and wherein, access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment confirm whether the agreement of each Wireless Telecom Equipment in the near zone belongs to identical agreement.Whether this method following step 124 wherein, belongs to definite result of identical agreement according to the agreement of each Wireless Telecom Equipment in the near zone, and this method is carried out branch.When each Wireless Telecom Equipment in the near zone all adopted identical agreement, this method continued step 126, and wherein, Wireless Telecom Equipment utilizes this identical agreement to set up radio communication and carries out radio communication.

Yet; If at least one Wireless Telecom Equipment has a different protocol, this method will continue step 128, wherein; This access point or Wireless Telecom Equipment are selected an agreement in the agreement of each Wireless Telecom Equipment in the zone nearby according to agreement ordering, thereby produce a selected agreement.The ordering of this agreement can according to Wireless Telecom Equipment leave over that the agreement ordering is carried out in the version ordering and/or according to protocol transmission efficient ordering carry out the agreement ordering.For example, the equipment work of following IEEE802.11, IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n is in the 2.4GHz frequency range, and the equipment work of following IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11n is in the 4.9-5.85GHz frequency range.Thereby, in the 2.4GHz frequency range,, as shown in Figure 6 if the defined media access control layer protection mechanism like 802.11g can be adopted in 802.11b station and 802.11n coexistence.Yet, if only 802.11g leaves over version equipment and 802.11n coexistence, both can adopt media access control layer (for example Fig. 6) protection mechanism, also can adopt physical layer (PHY) (for example Fig. 5) protection mechanism.In the 4.9-5.85GHz frequency range, if 802.11a equipment and 802.11n coexistence, media access control layer or physical layer protection mechanism can adopt.

Such as those of ordinary skills knowledge, for physical layer and these two kinds of protection mechanisms of media access control layer, more hope to adopt the former, this is because owing to do not need the additional frame of MAC layer protection, the throughput conflict can reduce.Therefore, under possible situation, at first should adopt the physical layer protection mechanism.If physical layer mechanism can not be worked well, when detecting quantity value of overstepping the extreme limit of unanswered frame, then should adopt MAC layer mechanism.

Such as those of ordinary skills knowledge, leave over state and need to adopt protection mechanism in the ERP informational content of beacon frame (beacon frame) (or probe response frame), to activate.Normally, 802.11g adopts the existence of the bit 0 non-ERP of indication (.11b just), uses bit 1 to force the station to use protection (MAC layer). and this possibly be extended to adopting the bit (3 to 7) that keeps to indicate the state of leaving at .11g or .11a station.In one embodiment, bit 3 can be used for indication " leaving over the existence of OFDM (OFDM) ".This bit will be done explanation below.

The existence of the non-ERP of bit 0-	Bit 1-adopts protection	Bit 3-leaves over the existence of OFDM	802.11n action
				0	0	0	Adopt the .11n frame
1	1	0	Adopt the MAC protection
				1	1	1	Adopt the MAC protection
0	1	1	Adopt PHY and MAC protection
				0	0	1	Optionally adopt PHY or MAC protection

Media access control layer (MAC) protection mechanism that is used for .11n is identical with what be used for .11g.Stand and to adopt self-clear to send (CTS to self) or adopt clear to send/transmission request exchange that the network allocation vector (NAV) of leaving over the station is set.

Get back to Figure 24, this method continues step 130, and wherein, Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts the agreement of selected near zone to set up the radio communication of near zone.Explain among this figure in front.This method continues step 132 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts it self agreement to launch data for this radio communication.

Figure 25 is the logic diagram of the method for confirming whether selected agreement should change.This method is from step 140 beginning, and wherein, access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment are kept watch on the interior data transmission in zone nearby, to search unanswered data transmission.This method continues step 142, and wherein, this access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment compare the limiting value of unanswered data transmission and abortive launch (for example at the most 5%).If comparative result is satisfied, then continue step 146, this selected agreement remains unchanged, and repeating step 140.

Yet; If the comparative result of step 144 is unsatisfied; Then method continues step 148, and access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment are selected an agreement in the agreement of a plurality of Wireless Telecom Equipments in the zone nearby according to the agreement ordering, to produce another selected agreement.For example, when producing too many emission mistake, can adopt the media access control layer protection mechanism to replace the physical layer protection mechanism.This method continues step 150, and wherein, wireless communication device adopts another the selected agreement in the near zone to set up the radio communication in the near zone.

Figure 26 is the logic diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment is participated in the method for multiple protocol wireless communication.This method is from step 160 beginning, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts agreement (for example IEEE802.11n) of self and access point to get in touch.This method continues step 162 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment receives selected agreement from this access point.Notice that the agreement of this selected agreement and this Wireless Telecom Equipment can be the wireless LAN communication form that meets the further version of IEEE802.11, IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g, IEEE802.11n and/or IEEE802.11.Further notice that this selected agreement comprises that having one leaves over header and media access control layer and cut apart first frame format of field, have second frame format of a physical layer back compatible header and/or have a current version header and media access control layer is cut apart the 3rd frame format of field.

This method continues step 164 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment confirms whether the agreement that this is selected and the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment belong to identical agreement.This method is carried out branch in step 166, when agreement is identical, from step 166 to step 168; When agreement not simultaneously, from step 166 to step 170.In step 168, this Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts this agreement to set up radio communication and transmit data.In step 170, this Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts this selected agreement to set up radio communication.This method continues step 172 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts the agreement of self to carry out radio communication.

Figure 27 is the logic diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment is participated in the method for multiple protocol wireless communication.This method is from step 180 beginning, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment receives a frame through wireless channel.This method continues step 182 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment confirms whether this selected agreement belongs to identical agreement with this Wireless Telecom Equipment.When the agreement of selected agreement and this Wireless Telecom Equipment was identical, this method continued step 184, and wherein, the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment employing self is set up radio communication and launched data.

Yet if the agreement of agreement that should be selected and this Wireless Telecom Equipment is inequality, this method continues step 186, and wherein, the radio communication that this Wireless Telecom Equipment adopts this selected agreement to decipher this frame is set up at least a portion in the message part.In one embodiment, whether the header that this Wireless Telecom Equipment can be verified this frame through decoding is with to leave over the physical layer form consistent, thereby the decoding that provides this radio communication to set up at least a portion of information is set up information to decipher this; When the physical layer form of leaving over when header and this of this frame was inconsistent, whether the remainder of confirming this frame was according to the formatted of this Wireless Telecom Equipment.Notice that this physical layer form of leaving over comprises at least one among IEEE802.11a and the IEEE802.11g, wherein the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises IEEE802.11n.

In another embodiment, this Wireless Telecom Equipment can be verified this frame whether with to leave over the media access control layer form consistent through decoding, thereby the decoding that provides this radio communication to set up at least a portion of information is set up information to decipher this; Leave over the media access control layer form when inconsistent when the header of this frame and this, whether the remainder of confirming this frame is according to the formatted of this Wireless Telecom Equipment.Notice that this MAC layer form of leaving over comprises at least one among IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b and the IEEE802.11g, wherein the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises IEEE802.11n.

This method continues step 188 then, wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment, based on the decoding that this radio communication is set up at least a portion of information, whether the remainder of confirming this frame is according to the formatted of this Wireless Telecom Equipment.When the remainder of this frame was the formatted according to this Wireless Telecom Equipment, this method was branched off into step 194 from step 190; The remainder of this frame is not during according to the formatted of this Wireless Telecom Equipment, and this method is branched off into step 192 from step 190.In step 192, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is ignored this frame.In step 194, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is handled the remainder of this frame according to the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment.

Figure 28 is the logic diagram that Wireless Telecom Equipment is participated in the method for multiple protocol wireless communication.This method is from step 200 beginning, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment confirms whether this selected agreement belongs to identical agreement with this Wireless Telecom Equipment.When this selected agreement and the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment were identical agreement, this method was branched off into step 204 from step 202; When this selected agreement and the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment were not identical agreement, this method was branched off into step 206 from step 202.In step 204, this Wireless Telecom Equipment according to himself this frame of formatted set up message part and data division.This Wireless Telecom Equipment is launched this frame then.

Yet; If the agreement that should be selected and the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment are inequality, this method continues step 206, wherein; This Wireless Telecom Equipment is set up the part of information according to this selected formatted radio communication, to produce the information of setting up of leaving over form.This method continues step 208 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is set up the remainder of information according to this radio communication of formatted of this Wireless Telecom Equipment, to produce the information of setting up of current formatization.This method continues step 210 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is according to the formatted data of this Wireless Telecom Equipment, to produce the data of current formatization.Can consult the diagram of front for these formative examples.This method continues step 212 then, and wherein, one of this Wireless Telecom Equipment emission comprises the frame of data of the information of setting up and the current format of the information of setting up of leaving over form, current format.

In one embodiment of the invention, this preamble should existing 802.11 standards of back compatible.IEEE802.11 task groups N (Task Group N, subject under discussion TGn) be how with the equipment interoperability (interoperate) of leaving over version 802.11a and 802.11b/g, wherein, this interoperability comprises two kinds of situations:

-identical basic service set (BSS): all equipment is all communicated by letter with same AP.

The basic service set (BSS) of-co-channel (co-channel)/" overlapping " through design PLC P header to allow 802.11a/g STA so that do not advocate (de-assert) CCA or through using as send protection mechanism and the addressing of request/clear to send (RTS/CTS) or self-clear to send (CTS-to-self).

-when relating to 802.11b equipment, 802.11g selects the latter.

-to a certain extent, in any case, can rely on and send request/clear to send with protection burst (burst).

For leaving over the decoding to unaltered signal field at station, at the transmitting antenna input, the existing long training linear weighted function (weighting) identical with the signal character adopted in expectation.For entering singly (MISO) system more, when leaving over the station and decode, this identical weighting (weighting) will be applied at first two long training characters with leave over signal field.

For M emitter antenna, a N receiver antenna and the sequence of one L emission character, the signal that on subcarrier k, receives is the situation of Xk:

Figure DEST_PATH_G05170136020050713D000011

If long training character string is by definition (that is Sk multiply by one one variable matrix with a real number scalar and finish), zero force (zero forcing, ZF) advance to have more channel estimation can be by computes more:

{\hat{H}}_{k} = {(S_{k}^{H} \cdot S_{k})}^{- 1} \cdot S_{k}^{H} \cdot X_{k} = \frac{1}{M} \cdot S_{k}^{H} \cdot X_{k}

Least mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimation can be by computes:

{\hat{H}}_{k} = {(S_{k}^{H} \cdot S_{k} + σ_{η}^{2} \cdot I)}^{- 1} \cdot S_{k}^{H} \cdot X_{k} = ρ \cdot S_{k}^{H} \cdot X_{k}

ρ = \frac{1}{M + σ_{η}^{2}}

Wherein, for simplicity, suppose that hk is that (independent, identically distributed iid), and reuse this " good long training select " (goodlong training choice) for the distribution that independently is equal to of Gaussian.Notice that for the sequence that the back is selected, minimum mean square error can be left in the basket to the estimation of zero compulsory performance, because S is selected modestly, shown in preceding.

Figure 29, Figure 30 are the sketch mapes of the mode of frame format shown in Figure 7.For this transmission mode, in order to ensure back compatible property problem with satisfy the demand that channel of future generation estimation requires, to make W and W to the selection of W ^-1All realize easily.Further, any from advancing to have more reflector (equipment of future generation) beam shaping, via [w11 more ... W1M] handle, will be left over the well-equipped reception of 802.11a/g.

In this embodiment, channel is intercepted (S _k) 253 multiply by the factor (W of a plurality of weightings _{K, m}) 301,303,305, wherein, k intercepts (channel sounding) numbering corresponding to channel, its scope from 1 to 1, and m is corresponding to the quantity of transmit antenna 81-85.The channel of this weighting is as a result intercepted (channel sounding) and is converted into radiofrequency signal via

reflector

67,69,71, subsequently, and via

antenna

81,83,85 emissions.In the present embodiment, a weighted factor matrix can be following:

When on all antennas, all have if having time signal is launched, possibly form zero-signal.This zero-signal can compensate through selecting a weighting sequence as Beam-former, makes this zero-signal on some special directions, advance.For example, for the situation of vector w1=[1,1] (for the situation of 2 transmitting antennas, being the delegation of the W matrix of aforementioned slide glass (slide)), zero-signal will be advanced in-90 ° and 90 ° of directions.Thereby on the receiver of the single input of leaving over WLAN devices, some direction is disadvantageous with respect to other direction.

According to the present invention, use different composite weighteds for each subcarrier on the M-1 of transmitting antenna.Like this, on each subcarrier, form different beam direction characteristics (beam pattern), make that the power/energy loss on the worst direction reduces.Shown in Figure 31 and 32.

Figure 31 is the sketch map of the preamble generation type of frame as shown in Figure 7, and what be suitable for promoting of future generationly advances to have more reflector more, and the next generation who particularly is suitable for two antennas advances to have more reflector more.As shown in the figure, produce two preambles: one on the antenna of each activation.By first preamble 311 of first antenna emission comprise two protections at interval (GI2) 312, one first channels intercept that (CS 0; 0) 315, second channels intercept that (CS 0; 1) (GI) 319, signal fields (SIG) 321, another protection interval (GI) 323 and one the 3rd channels are intercepted (CS 0,2) 325 at interval in 317, protections.By second preamble 327 of second antenna emission comprise two protections at interval (GI2) 329, one first channels intercept that (CS 1; 0) 331, second channels intercept that (CS 1; 1) (GI) 335, signal fields (SIG) 337, another protection interval (GI) 339 and one the 3rd channels are intercepted (CS1,2) 341 at interval in 333, protections.

In this embodiment, possibly be used to this various channel as follows intercepts:

s ₀₁＝s ₀₀

s_{10, k} = {- s}_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot θ_{k}}

s ₁₁＝s ₁₀

s ₀₂＝s ₀₀

s_{12, k} = s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot θ_{k}}

Intercept from these channels, weighted factor can adopt following:

S_{k} = [\begin{matrix} s_{10, k} & s_{11, k} \\ s_{20, k} & s_{21, k} \end{matrix}] = s_{00, k} \cdot [\begin{matrix} 1 & - 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{matrix}] \cdot [\begin{matrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & e^{i \cdot θ_{k}} \end{matrix}]

= [\begin{matrix} s_{00, k} & {- s}_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot θ_{k}} \\ s_{00, k} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot θ_{k}} \end{matrix}]

Wherein, the first following numeral that channel is intercepted is corresponding to the quantity of antenna, and this second numeral is corresponding to the quantity of character, and k is corresponding to the quantity of channel exploration.For example, S _{10, k}First character of launching on first antenna of intercepting corresponding to K channel.

In order to make each subcarrier obtain a different beam direction characteristic, adopt following formula:

θ_{k} = π \cdot k / 6, k = - \frac{N_{subcarriers}}{2} \cdot \cdot \frac{N_{subcarriers}}{2}

Figure 32 is the sketch map of mode that forms the preamble of frame format shown in Figure 7, is used for advancing of follow-on three antennas more and has more (MIMO) reflector.As shown in the figure, produce three preambles: one on the antenna of each activation.Comprise that by first preamble 351 of first antenna emission (GI2) 353, first channel intercept that (CS 0 at interval in two protections; 0) 355, second channel intercepts that (CS 0; 1) 357, protections at interval (GI) 359, signal fields (SIG) 361, another protection (GI) 363, the 3rd channel intercept that (CS 0 at interval; 2) the 365, the 3rd protection interval (GI) 367 and the 4th channel are intercepted (CS 0,3) 369.Comprise that by second preamble 371 of second antenna emission (GI2) 373, first channel intercept that (CS 1 at interval in two protections; 0) 375, second channel intercepts that (CS 1; 1) (GI) 379, signal fields (SIG) 381, another protection interval (GI) 383, the 3rd channel are intercepted (CS1 at interval in 377, protections; 2) the 385, the 3rd protection interval (GI) 387 and the 4th channel are intercepted (CS 1,3) 389.The 3rd preamble 391 by the third antenna emission comprises that (GI2) 393, first channel are intercepted (CS2 at interval in two protections; 0) 395, second channel intercepts that (CS 2; 1) 397, protections at interval (GI) 399, signal fields (SIG) 401, another protection (GI) 403, the 3rd channel intercept that (CS 2 at interval; 2) the 405, the 3rd protection interval (GI) 407 and the 4th channel are intercepted (CS 2,3) 409.

Channel for different is intercepted, and this weighted factor matrix can adopt as follows:

S_{k} = [\begin{matrix} s_{10, k} & s_{11, k} & s_{12, k} \\ s_{20, k} & s_{21, k} & s_{22, k} \\ s_{30, k} & s_{31, k} & s_{32, k} \end{matrix}] = [\begin{matrix} s_{00, k} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot θ_{k}} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot φ_{k}} \\ s_{00, k} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (θ_{k} - \frac{4 \cdot π}{3})} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (φ_{k} - \frac{2 \cdot π}{3})} \\ s_{00, k} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (θ_{k} - \frac{2 \cdot π}{3})} & s_{00, k} \cdot e^{i \cdot (φ_{k} - \frac{4 \cdot π}{3})} \end{matrix}]

θ _k＝π·k/6

φ _k＝π·(k+4)/6

Adopt the mode of Figure 31 and Figure 32, can launch more signal energy, the channel estimation that makes receiver carry out is better.This can make zero of receiving terminal force (ZF) or least mean-square error channel estimation (increase/displacement (mostly adds/shifts) usually) to be simplified more, as follows:

W_{T} = [\begin{matrix} + 1 & - 1 \\ + 1 & + 1 \end{matrix}] &DoubleRightArrow; W_{T}^{- 1} = \frac{1}{2} [\begin{matrix} + 1 & + 1 \\ - 1 & + 1 \end{matrix}]

W_{T} = (\begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & \frac{- 1 - i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} & \frac{- 1 + i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} \\ 1 & \frac{- 1 + i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} & \frac{- 1 - i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} \end{matrix}) &DoubleRightArrow; \underset{51}{W_{T}^{- 1}} = \frac{1}{3} \cdot (\begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & \frac{- 1 + i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} & \frac{- 1 - i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} \\ 1 & \frac{- 1 - i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} & \frac{- 1 + i \cdot \sqrt{3}}{2} \end{matrix})

This channel can adopt the previous information of each subcarrier antenna beam form factor to estimate, afterwards, these coefficients needn't be applied to remaining emission character.Such benefit is not need extra multiply operation in emitter terminals, because the LTRN sequence can be found in table simply.

This channel can not adopt the previous information of each subcarrier antenna beam form factor to estimate, afterwards, these coefficients is applied to remaining emission character.Such benefit is to be simplified (less multiplication) in the channel estimation of receiver end, but reflector is carried out additional multiplication.

First kind of situation adopts the symbol of front, and L=M:

{\hat{H}}_{k} = \frac{1}{M} \cdot s_{00, k}^{*} \cdot W_{B, k}^{H} \cdot W_{T}^{H} \cdot X_{k}

W_{B, k} = diag ([\begin{matrix} 1 & e^{\frac{i \cdot π \cdot l_{1}}{6}} & \cdot \cdot \cdot & e^{\frac{i \cdot π \cdot l_{M - 1}}{6}} \end{matrix}])

Second kind of situation adopts the symbol of front, and L=M:

{\hat{H}}_{k} = \frac{1}{M} \cdot s_{00, k}^{*} \cdot W_{T}^{H} \cdot X_{k}

Notice,, possibly make the channel estimation meticulousr through doubling the long sequence of whole M for p time.Through simply on average obtaining said meticulous estimation.The cost is the same with single activation (active) the reflector method of on slide glass (slide) 10, describing with (overhead), but performance far is more than the latter.

For the example of the preamble of back compatible, the quantity of wherein long training character is M+1, and longer sequence will be made up of P * M+1 long training character.The piece that p M identical character arranged, and first and second characters on each antenna all are identical.

Figure 33 is protection (GI2) 236 and two long training sequences 348,350 (I at interval ₀₀And I ₀₁) sketch map.In this example, GI2 236 (the protection interval or OFDM (OFDM) Cyclic Prefix of two length) equals I ₀₁The last part of 236-1, this I ₀₁The last part of 236-1 can be that 3.2 μ s are long and corresponding to a long training sequence.General protection (GI) at interval is the last 800ns (to preplaning of character) of character.

Figure 34 is the sketch map of cyclic shift.In this example, with respect to tone 421,423 and the 425 cyclic shift x ns of the long training sequence 348-2 of the frame of the corresponding tone 421,423 of the long training sequence 348-1 of the frame of first transmitting antenna and 425, the second transmitting antennas.The duration of the sequence length of the tone of cyclic shift can be y ns.

Figure 35 is the sketch map of the preamble of two transmitting antennas.In this example, S ₀Be to leave over 802.11a short training sequence 157 (10 each duration are the character of 800ns).The S of frame 104-2 ₁The 157th, the S of frame 104-1 ₀The cyclic shift of 157 400ns.Long training sequence 348,350 (I ₀₀And I ₀₁) be two and leave over the long training of 802.11a character (each adds the preplanned GI2 of 1600ns 3200ns), I here ₀₀=I ₀₁The frame 104-2 of second antenna, I ₁₀With I11 348,350 are I of the frame 104-1 of first antenna ₀₀And I ₀₁348,350 1600ns cyclic shift.The remainder of each frame comprises first data field 228 of one pair of protection interval 236, single protection interval 220,226, signal field 224 and a plurality of data fields.

Figure 36 is the sketch map of the preamble of three transmitting antennas.Each preamble of frame 104-1,104-2 and 104-3 comprises short training sequence (S ₀, S ₁, S ₂) 157, two protection 236, first long training sequence (I at interval ₀₀, I ₁₀And I ₂₀) 348, the second long training sequence (I ₀₁, I ₁₁And I ₂₁) 350, single protection at interval 220, signal field 224, the second pair of protection the 236, the 3rd long training sequence (I at interval ₀₂, I ₁₂And I ₂₂) 348, another single protection at interval 226 and first data fields 228 of a plurality of data fields.

As shown in the figure, S ₁S ₂Be S ₀K * 200ns cyclic shift, K=I here ... 2.I ₀₀And I ₀₁It is the long training of 802.11a character.I ₁₀And I ₁₁Be I ₀₀And I ₀₁The duplicating of 1600ns cyclic shift.I ₂₀And I ₂₁Be I ₀₀And I ₀₁The duplicating of cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns.I ₀₂It is the long training of the 802.11a character that has GI2.I ₁₂Be I ₀₂The duplicating of cyclic shift of 1600ns.I ₂₂Be the long training of 802.11a character negate (negated) (promptly-I ₂₀) and the duplicating of the cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns of preplanned GI2.Signal field is between two groups of training characters.In one embodiment, Δ (delta) is worth in scope-200 to 200 (ns).

Figure 37 is another sketch map of the preamble of three transmitting antennas.Each preamble of frame 104-1,104-2 and 104-3 comprises short training sequence (S ₀, S ₁, S ₂) 157, two protection 236, first long training sequence (I at interval ₀₀, I ₁₀And I ₂₀) 348, the second long training sequence (I ₀₁, I ₁₁And I ₂₁) 350, single protection at interval 220, signal field 224, the second pair of protection the 236, the 3rd long training sequence (I at interval ₀₂, I ₁₂And I ₂₂) the 348, the 4th long training sequence (I ₀₃, I ₁₃And I ₂₃) 350, another single protection at interval 226 and first data fields 228 of a plurality of data fields.

As shown in the figure, S ₁S ₂Be S ₀K * 200ns cyclic shift, K=1 here ... 2.I ₀₀And I ₀₁It is the long training of 802.11a character.I ₁₀And I ₁₁Be I ₀₀And I ₀₁The duplicating of 1.6 μ s cyclic shifts.I ₂₀And I ₂₁Be I ₀₀And I ₀₁The duplicating of cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns.I ₀₂And I ₀₃It is the long training of 802.11a character.I ₁₂And I ₁₃Be I ₀₂And I ₀₃The duplicating of cyclic shift of 1.6 μ s.I ₁₂And I ₁₃Be I ₀₂And I ₀₃The duplicating of cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns.I ₂₂And I ₂₃Be the long training of the 802.11a character (negated (I that negates ₂₀,-I ₂₁) the duplicating of cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns.Signal field 224 is between two groups of training characters.In one embodiment, Δ (delta) is worth in scope-200 to 200 (ns).

Figure 38 is the sketch map of the preamble of four transmitting antennas.Each preamble of frame 104-1,104-2,104-3 and 104-4 comprises short training sequence (S ₀, S ₁, S ₂, S ₃) 157, two protection 236, first long training sequence (I at interval ₀₀, I ₁₀, I ₂₀, I ₃₀) 348, the second long training sequence (I ₀₁, I ₁₁, I ₂₁, I ₃₁) 350, single protection at interval 220, signal field 224, the second pair of protection the 236, the 3rd long training sequence (I at interval ₀₂, I ₁₂, I ₂₂, I ₂₃) the 348, the 4th long training sequence (I ₀₃, I ₁₃, I ₂₃, I ₃₃) 350, another single protection at interval 226 and first data fields 228 of a plurality of data fields.

As shown in the figure, S ₁S ₃Be S ₀K * 200ns cyclic shift, K=1 here ... 3.I ₀₀And I ₀₁It is the long training of 802.11a character.I ₁₀And I ₁₁Be I ₀₀And I ₀₁The duplicating of 1600ns cyclic shift.I ₂₀And I ₂₁Be I ₀₀And I ₀₁The duplicating of cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns.I ₃₀And I ₃₁Be I ₀₀And I ₀₁The duplicating of cyclic shift of (1600+ Δ) ns.I ₀₂And I ₀₃It is the long training of 802.11a character.I ₁₂And I ₁₃Be I ₀₂And I ₀₃The duplicating of cyclic shift of 1600ns.I ₁₂And I ₁₃Be I ₀₂And I ₀₃The duplicating of cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns.I ₂₂And I ₂₃Be the long training of 802.11a character (the negated) (I that negates ₂₀,-I ₂₁) the cyclic shift of Δ (delta) ns.I ₃₂And I ₃₃Be the long training of 802.11a character (the negated) (I that negates ₃₀,-I ₃₁) the cyclic shift of (1600+ Δ) ns.In one embodiment, Δ (delta) is selected being worth from scope-200 to 200 (ns).

One of skill in the art will recognize that term " basically " or " approximately ",, a kind of acceptable in the industry tolerance is provided here corresponding term as what possibly use.This acceptable in the industry tolerance is from less than 1% to 20%, and corresponding to, but be not limited to, components values, integrated circuit are handled fluctuation, temperature fluctuation, rising and fall time and/or thermal noise.Those of ordinary skills also can be appreciated that; Term " operationally coupling "; Possibly use as this paper, comprise through another assembly, element, circuit or module directly connecting and being connected indirectly, wherein for indirect connection; Middle plug-in package, element, circuit or module do not change the information of signal, but can adjust its current level, voltage level and/or power level.As what one skilled in the art would recognize that, infer coupling (that is an element is coupled to another element according to inference) comprise between two elements with the method that is same as " operationally coupling " directly be connected indirectly.Also can be appreciated that as those of ordinary skills, term " comparative result is favourable ", as what possibly use here, referring to relatively provides an expected relationship between two or more elements, project, the signal etc.For example, when expected relationship is a signal 1 when having the amplitude greater than signal 2, when the amplitude of signal 1 during less than signal 1 amplitude, can obtain favourable comparative result greater than the amplitude of the amplitude of signal 2 or signal 2.

More than, the various embodiment of the radio communication in the wireless communication system of the Wireless Telecom Equipment that comprises a plurality of different agreements are discussed.As what one skilled in the art would recognize that, under the situation of the scope that does not break away from claim of the present invention, from instruction of the present invention, can derive other embodiment.

The application requires the priority of following U.S. Patent application:

1, application number: 60/544,605, the applying date: on February 13rd, 2004, denomination of invention: the multiple protocol wireless communication in the WLAN (Multiple Protocol Wireless Communications ina WLAN);

2, application number: 60/545,854, the applying date: on February 19th, 2004, denomination of invention: WLAN transmitter (WLAN Transmitter Having High DataThroughput) with high data throughput;

3, application number: 60/568,914, the applying date: on May 7th, 2004, denomination of invention: be used for advancing of radio communication more and have more agreement (MIMO Protocol for Wireless Communications);

4, application number: uncertain, the applying date: on May 24th, 2004, denomination of invention: the preamble format (Preamble Formats for MIMO WirelessCommunications) that is used for MIMO wireless communications;

5, application number: 60/575,933, the applying date: on June 1st, 2004, denomination of invention: identical with the application.The model selection table:

Table 1:2.4GHz, 20/22MHz channel width, 54Mbps Maximum Bit Rate

Speed	Modulation	Encoding rate	NBPSC	NCBPS	NDBPS	EVM	Sensitivity	ACR	AACR
											1	Barker BPSK
2	Barker QPSK
										5.5	CCK
6	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24	-5	-82	16	32
										9	BPSK	0.75	1	48	36	-8	-81	15	31
11	CCK
										12	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48	-10	-79	13	29
18	QPSK	0.75	2	96	72	-13	-77	11	27
										24	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96	-16	-74	8	24
36	16-QAM	0.75	4	192	144	-19	-70	4	20
										48	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192	-22	-66	0	16
54	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216	-25	-65	-1	15

Table 2: the channel of table 1 is selected

Channel	Frequency (MHz)
		1	2412
2	2417
		3	2422
4	2427
		5	2432
6	2437
		7	2442
8	2447

9	2452
		10	2457
11	2462
		12	2467

Table 3: the power spectrum density of table 1 (Power Spectral Density, PSD) mask

The PSD mask	1
		Frequency shift (FS)	dBr
-9MHz to 9MHz	0
		+/-11MHz	-20
+/-20MHz	-28
		The 30MHz of+/-and bigger	-50

Table 4:5GHz, 20MHz channel width, 54Mbps Maximum Bit Rate

Speed	Modulation	Encoding rate	NBPSC	NCBPS	NDBPS	EVM	Sensitivity	ACR	AACR
										6	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24	-5	-82	16	32
9	BPSK	0.75	1	48	36	-8	-81	15	31
										12	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48	-10	-79	13	29
18	QPSK	0.75	2	96	72	-13	-77	11	27
										24	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96	-16	-74	8	24
36	16-QAM	0.75	4	192	144	-19	-70	4	20
										48	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192	-22	-66	0	16
54	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216	-25	-65	-1	15

Fig. 5: the channel of table 4 is selected

Channel	Frequency (MHz)	Country	Channel	Frequency (MHz)	Country
						240	4920	Japan

244	4940	Japan
						248	4960	Japan
252	4980	Japan
						8	5040	Japan
12	5060	Japan
						16	5080	Japan
36	5180	The U.S./Europe	34	5170	Japan
						40	5200	The U.S./Europe	38	5190	Japan
44	5220	The U.S./Europe	42	5210	Japan
						48	5240	The U.S./Europe	46	5230	Japan
52	5260	The U.S./Europe
						56	5280	The U.S./Europe
60	5300	The U.S./Europe
						64	5320	The U.S./Europe
100	5500	The U.S./Europe
						104	5520	The U.S./Europe
108	5540	The U.S./Europe
						112	5560	The U.S./Europe
116	5580	The U.S./Europe
						120	5600	The U.S./Europe
124	5620	The U.S./Europe
						128	5640	The U.S./Europe

132	5660	The U.S./Europe
			136	5680	The U.S./Europe
140	5700	The U.S./Europe
			149	5745	The U.S.
153	5765	The U.S.
			157	5785	The U.S.
161	5805	The U.S.
			165	5825	The U.S.

Table 6:2.4GHz, 20MHz channel width, 192Mbps Maximum Bit Rate

Speed	The TX antenna	The ST encoding rate	Modulation	Encoding rate	NBPSC	NCBPS	NDBPS
									12	2	1	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24
24	2	1	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48
								48	2	1	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96
96	2	1	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192
								108	2	1	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216
18	3	1	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24
								36	3	1	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48
72	3	1	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96
								144	3	1	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192
162	3	1	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216
								24	4	1	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24
48	4	1	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48
								96	4	1	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96
192	4	1	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192
								216	4	1	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216

Fig. 7: the channel of table 6 is selected

Channel	Frequency (MHz)
		1	2412
2	2417
		3	2422
4	2427
		5	2432
6	2437
		7	2442
8	2447
		9	2452
10	2457
		11	2462
12	2467

Table 8:5GHz, 20MHz channel width, 192Mbps Maximum Bit Rate

Speed	The TX antenna	The ST encoding rate	Modulation	Encoding rate	NBPSC	NCBPS	NDBPS
									12	2	1	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24
24	2	1	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48
								48	2	1	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96
96	2	1	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192
								108	2	1	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216
18	3	1	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24
								36	3	1	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48
72	3	1	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96
								144	3	1	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192
162	3	1	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216
								24	4	1	BPSK	0.5	1	48	24

48	4	1	QPSK	0.5	2	96	48
								96	4	1	16-QAM	0.5	4	192	96
192	4	1	64-QAM	0.666	6	288	192
								216	4	1	64-QAM	0.75	6	288	216

Fig. 9: the channel of table 8 is selected

Channel	Frequency (MHz)	Country	Channel	Frequency (MHz)	Country
						240	4920	Japan
244	4940	Japan
						248	4960	Japan
252	4980	Japan
						8	5040	Japan
12	5060	Japan
						16	5080	Japan
36	5180	The U.S./Europe	34	5170	Japan
						40	5200	The U.S./Europe	38	5190	Japan
44	5220	The U.S./Europe	42	5210	Japan
						48	5240	The U.S./Europe	46	5230	Japan
52	5260	The U.S./Europe
						56	5280	The U.S./Europe
60	5300	The U.S./Europe
						64	5320	The U.S./Europe
100	5500	The U.S./Europe

104	5520	The U.S./Europe
			108	5540	The U.S./Europe
112	5560	The U.S./Europe
			116	5580	The U.S./Europe
120	5600	The U.S./Europe
			124	5620	The U.S./Europe
128	5640	The U.S./Europe
			132	5660	The U.S./Europe
136	5680	The U.S./Europe
			140	5700	The U.S./Europe
149	5745	The U.S.
			153	5765	The U.S.
157	5785	The U.S.
			161	5805	The U.S.
165	5825	The U.S.

Table 10:5GHz, the Maximum Bit Rate of 40MHz channel and 486Mbps

Speed	The TX antenna	The ST encoding rate	Modulation	Encoding rate	NBPSC
						13.5Mbps	1	1	BPSK	0.5	1
27Mbps	1	1	QPSK	0.5	2
						54Mbps	1	1	16-QAM	0.5	4
108Mbps	1	1	64-QAM	0.666	6
						121.5Mbps	1	1	64-QAM	0.75	6
27Mbps	2	1	BPSK	0.5	1
						54Mbps	2	1	QPSK	0.5	2

108Mbps	2	1	16-QAM	0.5	4
						216Mbps	2	1	64-QAM	0.666	6
243Mbps	2	1	64-QAM	0.75	6
						40.5Mbps	3	1	BPSK	0.5	1
81Mbps	3	1	QPSK	0.5	2
						162Mbps	3	1	16-QAM	0.5	4
324Mbps	3	1	64-QAM	0.666	6
						365.5Mbps	3	1	64-QAM	0.75	6
54Mbps	4	1	BPSK	0.5	1
						108Mbps	4	1	QPSK	0.5	2
216Mbps	4	1	16-QAM	0.5	4
						432Mbps	4	1	64-QAM	0.666	6
486Mbps	4	1	64-QAM	0.75	6

Table 11: the power spectrum density of table 10 (PSD) mask

The PSD mask	2
		Frequency shift (FS)	dBr
-19MHz to 19MHz	0
		+/-21MHz	-20
+/-30MHz	-28
		The 40MHz of+/-and bigger	-50

Figure 12: the channel of table 10 is selected

Channel	Frequency (MHz)	Country	Channel	Frequency (MHz)	Country
						242	4930	Japan
250	4970	Japan
						12	5060	Japan

38	5190	The U.S./Europe	36	5180	Japan
						46	5230	The U.S./Europe	44	5520	Japan
54	5270	The U.S./Europe
						62	5310	The U.S./Europe
102	5510	The U.S./Europe
						110	5550	The U.S./Europe
118	5590	The U.S./Europe
						126	5630	The U.S./Europe
134	5670	The U.S./Europe
						151	5755	The U.S.
159	5795	The U.S.

Claims

1. the method for a MIMO wireless communications comprises:

Confirm the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the near zone;

Confirm the quantity of transmitting antenna;

When the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the said near zone belongs to identical agreement; According to the quantity of said transmitting antenna, utilize the preamble of at least a frame to radio communication in character cyclic shift, tone cyclic shift, loose tone configuration and the character configuration of loosening to format; Also comprise:

When the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the said near zone belongs to identical agreement, format: the first of the preamble of said frame is adopted leave over form by the preamble of following form to the frame of radio communication; According to the quantity of said transmitting antenna, adopt at least a in character cyclic shift, tone cyclic shift, loose tone configuration and the character configuration of loosening for the remainder of the preamble of said frame.

2. one kind for MIMO wireless communications produces the method for the preamble of frame, and this method comprises,

Each transmitting antenna to MIMO wireless communications:

Produce a short training sequence (STS) of following to leave over (legacy) wireless communication protocol and survey field as carrier wave, wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, this carrier wave is surveyed the field cyclic shift;

Produce two long training sequences of following to leave over wireless communication protocol (LTS) and intercept field as first channel; Wherein, From the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna; The first long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences, the second long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences; And

Produce a signal field.

3. method as claimed in claim 2 comprises: intercept two protections of generation interval between the field in said carrier wave detection field and said first channel.

4. method as claimed in claim 2 comprises: intercept producing a single protection between field and the said signal field at interval at said first channel.

5. one kind for MIMO wireless communications produces the system of the preamble of frame, comprising:

First module is followed the short training sequence of leaving over (legacy) wireless communication protocol and is surveyed field as carrier wave in order to produce one, and wherein, from the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, this carrier wave is surveyed field cyclic shift;

Unit second; Intercept field in order to produce two long training sequences of following to leave over wireless communication protocol as first channel; Wherein, From the transmitting antenna to the transmitting antenna, the first long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences, the second long training sequence cyclic shift in said two long training sequences;

Unit the 3rd is in order to produce a signal field.

6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein: said system further comprises:

Two protections of generation interval between the field is intercepted in order to survey the field and first channel at said carrier wave in Unit the 4th.

7. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein: said system further comprises:

Unit the 5th, with since intercept between field and the signal field at said first channel and to produce a single protection at interval.