CN100353698C - Configuring a mimo communication - Google Patents
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- CN100353698C CN100353698C CNB2005100674062A CN200510067406A CN100353698C CN 100353698 C CN100353698 C CN 100353698C CN B2005100674062 A CNB2005100674062 A CN B2005100674062A CN 200510067406 A CN200510067406 A CN 200510067406A CN 100353698 C CN100353698 C CN 100353698C
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Abstract
A method for configuring a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless communication begins by generating a first preamble for a first antenna of the MIMO communication, wherein the first preamble includes a carrier detect field, a first channel select field, a first signal field, and a second signal field. The method continues by generating a second preamble for at least one other antenna of the MIMO communication, wherein the second preamble includes the carrier detect field, a plurality of channel select fields, and the second signal field. The method continues by simultaneously transmitting the carrier detect field via the first antenna and the least one other antenna. The method continues by transmitting the first channel select field and the first signal field via the first antenna. The method continues by, subsequent to the transmitting the first channel select field and the first signal field via the first antenna, transmitting the plurality of channel select fields via the at least one other antenna. The method continues by simultaneously transmitting the second signal field via the first antenna and the at least one other antenna.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in general to wireless communication system, relates to a kind of be used to dispose multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) method for communicating and radio frequency transmitter especially.
Background technology
Communication system can be supported in the wireless or wire link communication between the communication equipment of wireless or wired link.The scope of such communication system be to the domestic of internet and/or international mobile communication system to point-to-point wireless network to the family.Every kind of communication system all can be according to one or a plurality of communication standard by construction, and therefore operates.For example, wireless communication system can be operated by following one or plurality of standard: include but not limited to, IEEE 802.11, bluetooth, advanced mobile phone service (advancedmobile phone services, AMPS), digital AMPS, global system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), Local Multipoint Distribute System (local multi-point distribution system, LMDS), the multichannel multi-point distribution system (multi-channal-multi-point distribution system, MMDS) and/or above-mentioned mutation.
Depend on the type of radio communication, Wireless Telecom Equipment, as mobile phone, duplex wireless electric installation, personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), PC (PC), kneetop computer, home entertainment device or the like, can directly or indirectly communicate with other Wireless Telecom Equipments.For direct communication (being also referred to as point-to-point communication), tuning its receiver of the Wireless Telecom Equipment of this participation and conveyer to identical channel (as, the multiple radio frequency of this wireless communication system (radio ffequency, RF) in the carrier wave) and cross this channel and communicate.For indirect communication, each Wireless Telecom Equipment via given channel and a related base station (for example, provide the service of moving) and/or related access point (for example, be used for or wireless network that building is interior) direct communication in the room in.For finishing communicating to connect between Wireless Telecom Equipment, the access point of base station that this is related and/or association is via system controller, via public switch telephone network, via internet and/or some other wide area networks direct communications mutually.
Each is participated in the Wireless Telecom Equipment of radio communication, it comprise the built-in radio set of a tool (being receiver and conveyer) or be connected to the radio set of an association (as, be used in the room and/or building in wireless communication network base station, RF modulator-demodulator, etc.).As everyone knows, this conveyer comprises a data modulating stage, one or a plurality of intermediate frequency stages and a power amplifier.The baseband signal that this data-modulated level converts primary signal to according to particular wireless standard.This or a plurality of intermediate frequency stages are mixed this baseband signal with one or a plurality of local oscillation, to produce the RF signal.This power amplifier amplified this RF signal before transmitting via antenna.
Same well-known, this receiver is connected to this antenna and comprises a low noise amplifier, one or a plurality of intermediate frequency stages, a filtering stage and a data recovery level.This low noise amplifier receives the RF signal of immigration via antenna and it is amplified.The RF signal that this or a plurality of intermediate frequency stages will be amplified mixes with one or a plurality of local oscillation, becomes baseband signal or intermediate frequency stages (intermediate frequency, IF) signal with the RF conversion of signals that will amplify.This filtering stage is carried out filtering reducing the signal outside the undesired frequency band to this baseband signal or intermediate frequency stages signal, and produces filtering signal.These data are recovered level and are recovered initial data according to particular wireless communication standards from this filtering signal.
Same well-known, the standard of Wireless Telecom Equipment service can be different in wireless communication system.For example, become to use IEEE 802.11g to IEEE802.11a as IEEE 802.11 normal developments from IEEE 802.11 to IEEE 802.11b, the Wireless Telecom Equipment that meets IEEE 802.11b can be present in same WLAN (wireless local area network) (wireless local area network, the Wireless Telecom Equipment that conforms to as IEEE 802.11g in WLAN).The Wireless Telecom Equipment that IEEE 802.11a conforms to can reside on the Wireless Telecom Equipment that conforms to as IEEE 802.11g in same WLAN.When legacy equipment (for example, meet the more equipment of the standard of older version) reside among the same WLAN equipment as the Standard Edition after adapting to more, when more, a kind of method is used to guarantee legacy equipment knows when redaction equipment adopts this wireless channel, to avoid occurring conflict.
For example, (Media-Specific Access Control, MAC) layer (in an IEEE802.11g example) is allowed uniquely in physics (PHY) layer (in IEEE 802.11b example) or medium special access control to the back compatible of legacy equipment.At the PHY layer, back compatible is to realize by reusing formerly the PHY header of standard.In this example, legacy equipment can be deciphered the header region of all signals, and this header region provides sufficient information to determine that this wireless channel was used in the specific period, though therefore this legacy equipment can not perfect restitution or the frame of deciphering this transmission also can avoid conflict.
At the MAC layer, can realize by forcing this equipment utilization that meets new Standard Edition to be transmitted particular frame by pattern that legacy equipment adopted or data transfer rate to the back compatible of legacy equipment.For example, this new equipment can transmit " remove transmissions/preparations transmission (Clear to Send/Ready to Send, CTS/RTS) " switching frame and CTS adopts in IEEE 802.11g to frame conduct own.These particular frames comprise and the legacy equipment network allocation vector are set (network allocation vector, information NAV) are used so that these equipment are known the equipment when this wireless channel is updated.
The existing method that is used for back compatible all will suffer can be by without male offspring to the performance loss of the realization of compatibility and can only use individually mutually about which.
So need there be a kind of method and apparatus that allows in wireless communication system (comprising WLAN (wireless local area network)) to support to be used for the multi-protocols that MIMO communicates by letter.
Summary of the invention
The configuration of MIMO communication of the present invention meets these or other needs in fact.In one embodiment, be used to dispose multichannel input multichannel output (multiple input multiple output, MIMO) method of wireless communication begins by first header that generation is used for first antenna of MIMO communication, and wherein this first header comprises that a carrier wave detects the territory, first channel is selected territory, first signal domain and secondary signal territory.This method then continues by second header that generation is used at least one other antenna of MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that a carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected territory and secondary signal territory.This method then selects territory and this first signal domain to continue by transmit this first channel via this first antenna.This method continues to pass through, and transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, at least one other antenna transmits this plurality of channels and selects the territory via this.This method continues to pass through, and transmits this secondary signal territory via this first antenna and this at least one other antennas simultaneously.
In one aspect of the invention, provide a kind of multichannel input multichannel output (MIMO) method for communicating that is used to dispose, this method comprises:
Generation is used for first header of first antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this first header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, first channel is selected territory, first signal domain and secondary signal territory;
Generation is used for second header of at least one other antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected the territory, reached the secondary signal territory;
Transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and detect the territory;
Transmit this first channel via this first antenna and select the territory and first signal domain;
Transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, at least one other antenna transmits this plurality of channels and selects the territory via this; And
Simultaneously transmit this secondary signal territory via this first antenna and this at least one other antennas.
Preferably, transmitting carrier wave detection territory via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously comprises:
The circulation rotation detects the territory with the carrier wave that the carrier wave of this first antenna detects these relevant at least one other antennas of territory.
Preferably, first channel of first header selects the generation of the territory and first signal domain to comprise:
Producing one is the long training sequence according to IEEE 802.11a that this first channel is selected the territory; And
Produce this first signal domain according to IEEE 802.11a.
Preferably, this secondary signal territory comprises:
The rate information and the frame length information that are used for the frame of this MIMO communication.
Preferably, further comprise:
Generation is used for second header of a plurality of other antennas of this MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected the territory, reached the secondary signal territory;
Transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and this a plurality of other antennas simultaneously and detect the territory;
Transmit this first channel via this first antenna and select the territory and first signal domain;
Transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, transmit this plurality of channels via these a plurality of other antennas and select the territory; And
Transmit this secondary signal territory via this first antenna and these a plurality of other antennas simultaneously.
As an aspect of of the present present invention, a kind of multichannel input multichannel output (MIMO) method for communicating that is used to use multiple protocol wireless communication is provided, this method comprises:
Determine the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in access areas;
Whether the agreement of determining this Wireless Telecom Equipment in access areas is same protocol;
If should be different agreements,, select an agreement of selecting with generation in the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in access areas based on an agreement ordering in the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the access areas; And
According to this agreement of selecting:
Generation is used for first header of first antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this first header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, first channel is selected territory, first signal domain and first signal domain;
Generation is used for second header of at least one other antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected the territory, reached the secondary signal territory;
Transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and detect the territory;
Transmit this first channel via this first antenna and select the territory and first signal domain;
Transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, at least one other antenna transmits this plurality of channels and selects the territory via this; And
Simultaneously transmit this secondary signal territory via this first antenna and this at least one other antennas.
Preferably, transmitting carrier wave detection territory via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously comprises:
The circulation rotation detects the territory with the carrier wave that the carrier wave of this first antenna detects these relevant at least one other antennas of territory.
Preferably, first channel of first header selects the generation of the territory and first signal domain to comprise:
Producing one is the long training sequence according to IEEE 802.11a that this first channel is selected the territory; And
Produce this first signal domain according to IEEE 802.11a.
Preferably, this secondary signal territory comprises:
The rate information and the frame length information that are used for the frame of this MIMO communication.
Preferably, this method further comprises:
Generation is used for second header of a plurality of other antennas of this MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that this carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected the territory, reached the secondary signal territory;
Transmit this carrier wave via this first antenna and these a plurality of other antennas simultaneously and detect the territory;
Transmit this first channel via this first antenna and select the territory and first signal domain;
Transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, transmit this plurality of channels via these a plurality of other antennas and select the territory; And
Transmit this secondary signal territory via this first antenna and these a plurality of other antennas simultaneously.
As an aspect of of the present present invention, a kind of radio frequency transmitter that is used for multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) communication is provided, comprising:
The conveyer section, it is operably connected is transformed into departures RF signal with the symbol data that will set off; And
Baseband processing module, it is operably connected outbound data is transformed into this departures symbol data, and wherein this baseband processing module further is operably connected, and is used for a MIMO communication:
Generation is used for first header of first antenna of this conveyer section, and wherein this first header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, first channel is selected territory, first signal domain and first signal domain;
Generation is used for second header of at least one other antenna of this conveyer section, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected the territory, reached the secondary signal territory;
Be convenient to transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and detect the territory;
Be convenient to transmit this first channel and select the territory and first signal domain via this first antenna;
Transmitting via this first antenna after this first channel selects territory and this first signal domain, be convenient to via this at least one other antenna and transmit this plurality of channels and select the territory; And
Be convenient to transmit this secondary signal territory via this first antenna and this at least one other antennas simultaneously.
Preferably, this baseband processing module further is operably connected detects the territory so that transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously, by:
The circulation rotation detects the territory with the carrier wave that the carrier wave of this first antenna detects these relevant at least one other antennas of territory.
Preferably, first channel that this baseband processing module further is operably connected to produce first header is selected the territory and first signal domain, by:
Producing one is the long training sequence according to IEEE 802.11a that this first channel is selected the territory; And
Produce this first signal domain according to IEEE 802.11a.
Preferably, this secondary signal territory comprises:
The rate information and the frame length information that are used for the frame of this MIMO communication.
Preferably, this baseband processing module further be operably connected with:
Generation is used for second header of a plurality of other antennas of this MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected the territory, reached the secondary signal territory;
Be convenient to transmit this carrier wave via this first antenna and these a plurality of other antennas simultaneously and detect the territory;
Be convenient to transmit this first channel and select the territory and first signal domain via this first antenna;
Transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, be convenient to transmit this plurality of channels and select the territory via these a plurality of other antennas; And
Be convenient to transmit this secondary signal territory via this first antenna and these a plurality of other antennas simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram according to wireless communication system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram according to Wireless Telecom Equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic block diagram according to another Wireless Telecom Equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram according to RF conveyer of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic block diagram according to RF receiver of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic block diagram of communicating by letter with Wireless Telecom Equipment access point according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of describing a kind of form of radio communication according to the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of describing a kind of form of mimo wireless communication according to the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of describing the another kind of form of radio communication according to the present invention;
Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of describing the another kind of form of mimo wireless communication according to the present invention;
Figure 11 also is the schematic diagram of another radio communication according to the present invention;
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of another mimo wireless communication according to the present invention;
Figure 13 is the method logic diagram that is used for multi-protocol communication according to the present invention;
Figure 14 is used for wireless multi-protocol communication monitoring successful method logic diagram according to the present invention;
Figure 15 is the method logic diagram that is used to participate in the multi-protocol communication Wireless Telecom Equipment according to the present invention;
Figure 16 is the other method logic diagram that is used to participate in the multi-protocol communication Wireless Telecom Equipment according to the present invention;
Figure 17 also is the other method logic diagram that is used to participate in the multi-protocol communication Wireless Telecom Equipment according to the present invention;
Figure 18 is the schematic diagram of the synchronous second channel acoustic detection according to the present invention;
Figure 19 is another schematic diagram of the synchronous second channel acoustic detection according to the present invention;
Figure 20 also is another schematic diagram of the synchronous second channel acoustic detection according to the present invention;
Figure 21 is the further schematic diagram of the synchronous second channel acoustic detection according to the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram, shows communication system 10, and this system comprises a plurality of base stations and/or access point 12～16, a plurality of Wireless Telecom Equipments 18～32 and network hardware elements 34.Wireless Telecom Equipment 18～32 can be above-knee main frame 18 and 26, personal digital assistant main frame 20 and 30, personal computer main frame 24 and 32 and/or cell phone main frame 22 and 28.The detailed content of Wireless Telecom Equipment will be done more detailed description with reference to figure 2 and/or Fig. 3.
Base station or access point 12～16 connect 36,38 and 40 by local area network (LAN) can be operationally connected to the network hardware 34.The network hardware 34, it may be router, interchanger, bridge, modulator-demodulator, system controller etc., provides wide area network to connect 42 for communication system 10.Relevant antenna of each of base station or access point 12～16 or antenna alignment communicate with wireless communication system in its zone, and it is commonly called into Basic Service Set (Basic Service Set, BSS) 9,11,13.Typically, Wireless Telecom Equipment and specific base stations or access point 12～14 are registered to receive service from communication system 10.To direct connection (promptly independently the point to point link of Basic Service Set (IBSS)), Wireless Telecom Equipment produces self-organizing (ad hoc) network by the channel that distributes and directly communicates.
Typically, when access point be used for indoor or building in during wireless network, the base station is used for the system of cell phone system and similar type.Regardless of the particular form of communication system, each Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises built-in radio communication device and/or is connected on the radio communication device.Radio communication device comprises that as disclosed herein ultra-linear amplifier and/or programmable multistage amplifier are to improve performance, reduce cost, reduce size and/or to improve the bandwidth utilization.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram, shows the Wireless Telecom Equipment that comprises main process equipment 18～32 and related radio communication device 60.For cell phone main frame and/or personal computer main frame, radio communication device 60 can be built-in or outer connecting element.
As shown in the figure, main process equipment 18～32 comprises processing module 50, memory 52, radio frequency interface 54, input interface 58 and output interface 56.Processing module 50 and memory 52 are carried out corresponding instruction, and these instructions are carried out by the main process equipment typical case.For example, for the cell phone main process equipment, processing module 50 is carried out the corresponding communication function according to specific cellular telephony standard.
Digit receiver processing module 64 and the instruction of digital transmitter processing module 76 binding operations are stored in the memory 75, combine digital receiver function and digital transmitter function are respectively according to one or a plurality of wireless communication standard and the further function of describing with reference to figure 3～11 of one of function executing or a plurality of aspects.The digit receiver function includes but not limited to that digital intermediate frequency is separated mapping, decoding and/or descrambling to conversion, demodulation, the group of base band.The digital transmitter function includes but not limited to the conversion to IF of scramble, coding, group's mapping, modulation and/or digital baseband.Digit receiver and conveyer processing module 64 and 76 can use shared treatment facility, independent treatment facility or a plurality of treatment facility to realize.Such treatment facility can be microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, CPU, existing territory programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logical circuit, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or any equipment based on operational order processing signals (simulation and/or numeral).Memory 75 can be single memory device or a plurality of memory device.Such memory device can be the equipment of read-only memory, random asccess memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile storage, static memory, dynamic memory, fast quickflashing reservoir and/or any storing digital information.Note when processing module 64 and/or 76 during by state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or one of logical circuit execution or a plurality of function, the corresponding operational order of memory stores is embedded in the circuit, comprises state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit.
In operation, radio communication device 60 receives out user data 94 by host interface 62 from main process equipment.This host interface 62 will be gone into user data and will be routed to digital transmitter processing module 76, and this module is handled out user data 94 to produce digital transmission form data 96 according to specific wireless communication standard (as IEEE 802.11 and version, bluetooth and version thereof etc.).Digital transmission form data 96 will be the low IF signals of a digital baseband signal or numeral, and wherein, low IF typically is in the hundreds of KHz in the frequency range of several megahertzes.
Digital to analog converter is transformed into analog domain with digital transmission form data 96 from numeric field.80 first filtering of filtering/gain module and/or the gain of adjusting analog signal provide it to IF mixed class 82 then.IF mixed class 82 becomes the RF signal based on the conveyer local oscillation 83 that is provided by local oscillation module 74 with Analog Baseband or low IF conversion of signals.Power amplifier 84 amplification RF signals are to generate family RF signal 98, and this signal carries out filtering by conveyer filtration module 85.Antenna 86 will go out family RF signal 98 and be sent to target device such as base station, access point and/or another Wireless Telecom Equipment.
Analog to digital converter (ADC) 66 is converted to numeric field to produce digital received formatted data 90 with the filtering signal from analog territory of registering one's residence.64 decodings of digital received processing module, descrambling, go mapping and/or this digital received formatted data 90 of demodulation,, recapture the signal 92 of registering one's residence with according to the particular wireless communication standards of carrying out by radio communication device 60.Host interface 62 provides this signal of recapturing 92 of registering one's residence to main process equipment 18～32 by radio frequency interface 54.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, the Wireless Telecom Equipment among Fig. 2 can be realized with one or a plurality of integrated circuit.For example, main process equipment can be realized on an integrated circuit, digit receiver processing module 64, digital transmitter processing module 76 and memory 75 can be realized on second integrated circuit, all the other elements of radio communication device 60, except antenna 86, can on the 3rd integrated circuit, realize.As the example of a replacement, radio communication device 60 can be realized on an independent integrated circuit.As another example, the processing module 50 of main process equipment and digit receiver and conveyer processing module 64 and 76 can be the common treatment facilities of realizing on an independent integrated circuit equally.And memory 52 and memory 75 can be at independent integrated circuits and/or accomplished as the common process module of processing module 50 and digit receiver and conveyer processing module 64 and 76 on same integrated circuit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram, shows the Wireless Telecom Equipment that comprises main process equipment 18～32 and related radio communication device 60.For cell phone main frame, radio communication device 60 are built-in elements, and for personal digital assistant main frame, above-knee main frame and/or personal computer main frame, radio communication device 60 can be built-in or outer connecting element.
Radio communication device 60 comprises host interface 62, baseband processing module 63, memory 65, a plurality of wireless frequency (RF) conveyer 67,69,71, transmission/reception (T/R) module 73, a plurality of antennas 81,83,85, a plurality of RF receivers 75,77,79, and local oscillation (LO) module 99.Baseband processing module 63 combines with operational order and is stored in the memory 65, respectively combine digital receiver function and digital transmitter function.The digit receiver function includes but not limited to that digital intermediate frequency goes to shine upon, decodes, separates that intersection, rapid fourier change, Cyclic Prefix remove, room and time is decoded and/or descrambling to the conversion of base band, rectification, group.The digital transmitter function includes but not limited to that scrambler, coding, intersection, vibration mapping, modulation, anti-rapid fourier change, Cyclic Prefix increase, room and time coding and/or digital baseband are to the conversion of IF.Baseband processing module 63 can use one or the realization of a plurality of treatment facility.Such treatment facility can be microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, the equipment of territory programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logical circuit, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or any processing signals based on operational order (simulation and/or numeral) now.Memory 66 can be single memory device or a plurality of memory device.Such memory device can be the equipment of read-only memory, random asccess memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile storage, static memory, dynamic memory, fast quickflashing reservoir and/or any storing digital information.Notice that the memory of storing corresponding operational order is built in the circuit that comprises state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit when processing module 63 is carried out the individual or a plurality of function of one by state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit.
In operation, radio communication device 60 receives out the user data signal by host interface 62 from main process equipment.Baseband processing module 63 receives out user data 87 based on mode select signal 101, and produces one or a plurality ofly go out family symbols streams 89.Mode select signal 101 will indicate specific pattern as the pattern that shows in the model selection table.For example, mode select signal 101 can be indicated the 2.4GHz frequency band about table 1, and 20 or 22MHz channel width and 54 MBPS Maximum Bit Rate.In this general classification, mode select signal will further be indicated the specific speed range from 1 MBPS to 54 MBPSs.In addition, mode select signal will be indicated specific modulation type, and it includes but not limited to, the modulation of Bark (Barker) sign indicating number, BPSK, QPSK, CCK, 16QAM and/or 64QAM.Shown in table 1 is further, error vector level (EVM), sensitivity in encoding rate, every sub-carrier code bit number (NBPSC), every OFDM symbolic coding bit (NCBPS), every OFDM symbol data bit (NDBPS), the decibel, its indication obtain target information packet error rate (as IEEE 802.11a regulation 10%) desired maximal received power, adjacent channel suppress (ACR) and the adjacent channel inhibition (AACR) that replaces also is provided.
Mode select signal also can be to the specific channelizing of corresponding pattern indication, for its information in table 1 shown in the table 2.As shown in table 2, it comprises the number of channel and corresponding centre frequency.Mode select signal is indicated horsepower spectral concentration masking value further, and its value in table 1 is shown in the table 3.Mode select signal can replace indicated speed, and in table 4, it has the Maximum Bit Rate of 54GHz frequency band, 20MHz channel width and 54 MBPSs.If this special model selection that is this, channelizing is shown in the table 5.As further selection, mode select signal 102 can be indicated the Maximum Bit Rate of 2.4GHz frequency band, 20MHz channel width and 192 MBPSs, and is as shown in table 6.In the table 6, can utilize antenna amount to realize more high bandwidth.In this example, the antenna amount that is utilized will be further indicated in model selection.Table 7 shows the channelizing that is used for table 6 structure.Table 8 also shows another model selection, and wherein, frequency band is 2.4GHz, and channel width is 20MHz, and Maximum Bit Rate is 192 MBPSs.Accordingly, utilize 2～4 antennas and the table in the indication the space time encoding rate, table 8 comprises the different bit rates scope, from 12 MBPSs to 216 MBPSs.Table 9 shows the channelizing that is used for table 8.Mode select signal 102 can further be indicated special operator scheme as shown in table 10, and this pattern has the Maximum Bit Rate of 40MHz frequency band, 40MHz channel width and 486 MBPSs corresponding to the 5GHz frequency band.As shown in table 10, utilize 1～4 antenna and corresponding space time encoding rate, bitrate range can be from 13.5 MBPSs to 486 MBPSs.Table 10 further shows a typical modulation scheme configuration codes rate and NBPSC value.Table 11 provides the power spectral density shielding for table 10, and table 12 provides arriving of letter for table 10.
Baseband processing module 63 produces one or a plurality of departures symbols streams 89 based on mode select signal 101 from dateout 88.For example, if mode select signal 101 indication single transport antennas are used as the special pattern of having selected, baseband processing module 63 will produce single output symbol stream 89.As selection, if 2,3 or 4 antennas of mode select signal indication, baseband processing module 63 will produce 2,3 or 4 departures symbols streams 89 from output signal 88 corresponding to antenna amount.
Depend on the departures stream 89 that is produced by baseband module 63, the respective numbers of RF conveyer 67,69,71 can convert departures symbols streams 89 to departures RF signal 91.The realization of RF conveyer 67,69,71 will further describe with reference to figure 4.Transmission/receiver module 73 receives departures RF signal 91 and each departures RF signal is offered respective antenna 81,83,85.
When radio communication device 60 was in receiving mode, transmission/receiver module 73 received one or more inbound RF signals by antenna 81,83,85.This T/R module 73 offers one or more RF receivers 75,77,79 with inbound RF signal 93. RF receiver 75,77,79 (will be for a more detailed description with reference to figure 4) is converted to inbound RF signal 93 the inbound symbols streams 96 of respective numbers.The quantity of this inbound symbols streams 95 will be corresponding to AD HOC, and data are received (recall can be any pattern shown in table 1～12 pattern) in this pattern.Baseband processing module 63 reception of inbound symbols streams 89, and convert thereof into inbound data 97, by host interface 62 this inbound data 97 is offered main process equipment 18～32.
Those skilled in the art will understand, and the wireless telecommunications system among Fig. 3 can be realized with one or more integrated circuits.For example, main process equipment can realize on an integrated circuit that baseband processing module 63 and memory 65 can be realized, all the other elements of radio communication device 60 on second integrated circuit, except antenna 81,83,85, can on the 3rd integrated circuit, realize.As the example of a replacement, radio communication device 60 can be realized on an independent integrated circuit.As another example, the processing module 50 of main process equipment and baseband processing module 63 can be the common treatment facilities of realizing on an independent integrated circuit equally.And memory 52 and memory 65 can be at independent integrated circuits and/or accomplished as processing module 50 and baseband processing module 63 on same integrated circuit.
Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram of RF conveyer 67,69,71 embodiment.The RF conveyer comprises digital filter and up sampling module 475, D/A converter module 477, analog filter 479 and up modular converter 81, power amplifier (PA) 483 and RF filter 485.Digital filter and up sampling module 475 receive a departures symbols streams 89 and it are carried out digital filtering, then symbols streams speed are carried out the up speed that is sampled as expectation, to produce filtering symbols streams 487.D/A converter module 477 is converted to analog signal 489 with filtering symbols streams 487.Analog signal can comprise synchronous element and quadrature element.
479 pairs of analog signals of analog filter 489 are carried out filtering to produce filtered analog signals 491.Up modular converter 481, it can comprise a pair of blender and filter, filtered analog signals 491 is mixed with the local oscillation 493 that is produced by local oscillation module 99, to produce high-frequency signal 495.This high-frequency signal 495 is corresponding to RF signal 492.
Those skilled in the art will understand, each of wireless frequency conveyer 67,69,71 will comprise analog structure as shown in Figure 4, and further comprise closing organ, like this, when not requiring specific wireless frequency conveyer, to ban use of such mode, promptly do not produce interference signal and/or noise.
Fig. 5 is each a schematic block diagram of RF receiver 75,77,79.In the present embodiment, each of RF receiver comprises RF filter 501, low noise amplifier (LNA) 503, programmable gain amplifier (PGA) 505, down conversion module 507, analog filter 509, analog-to-digital conversion module 511 and digital filter and descending sampling module 513.RF filter 501 can be a high freguency bandpass filter, reception of inbound RF signal 93 and with its filtering to produce the inbound RF signal of filtering.Low noise amplifier 503 is provided with based on gain the inbound RF signal 93 of this filtering is amplified, and provides this amplifying signal to programmable gain amplifier 505.Before providing it to down conversion module 507, this programmable gain amplifier further amplifies this inbound RF signal 93.
Down conversion module 507 comprises a pair of blender, summation module and filter, and inbound RF signal is mixed with the local oscillation that is provided by the local oscillation module (LO), produces analog baseband signal.Analog filter 509 carries out filtering with this analog baseband signal, and provides it to analog-to-digital conversion module 511, and this analog-to-digital conversion module 511 converts this analog baseband signal to digital signal.Digital filter and descending sampling module 513 carry out filtering with this digital signal, regulate sampling rate then, produce inbound symbols streams 95.
Fig. 6 is the schematic block diagram of the access point 12～16 of communicating by letter with Wireless Telecom Equipment 25,27 and/or 29.Wireless Telecom Equipment 25,27 and/or 29 can be any in the equipment 18～32 shown in Fig. 1～3.In the diagram, access point 12～16 comprises processing module 15, memory 17 and radio receiving-transmitting unit 19.Radio receiving-transmitting unit 19 can be structurally similar to the radio receiving-transmitting unit of each Wireless Telecom Equipment, concentrates in access areas or basic service, and multi-way radio communication can comprise a plurality of antennas, transfer path and RX path.Processing module 15 can be single treatment facility or a plurality of treatment facility.Such treatment facility can be the equipment of microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, CPU, existing territory programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logical circuit, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or any processing signals based on operational order (simulation and/or numeral).Memory 17 can be single memory device or a plurality of memory device.Such memory device can be the equipment of read-only memory, random asccess memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile storage, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory and/or any storing digital information.Notice that when processing module 15 is carried out its one or more function by state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit the memory of storing corresponding operational order is built in or is external in the circuit that comprises state machine, analog circuit, digital circuit and/or logical circuit.Memory 17 is stored, is reached processing module 15 and carries out corresponding to part steps at least shown in Fig. 7～21 and/or function operations instruction.
In the diagram, the wireless protocols that Wireless Telecom Equipment 25,27 is different with each employing of 29.For example, Wireless Telecom Equipment 25 adopts agreement A, and Wireless Telecom Equipment 27 adopts agreement B, and Wireless Telecom Equipment 29 adopts agreement C.For example, agreement A, B can be corresponding to 3 different IEEE 802.11 standard version with C.Can corresponding IEEE 802.11b as agreement A, agreement B can corresponding IEEE 802.11g, and agreement C can corresponding IEEE 802.11n.
Can different agreement be sorted based on the conventional contents of each corresponding agreement, wherein first agreement in the ordering is the oldest standard, and the agreement ordering that enters recently is up-to-date standard.For example, can be at the agreement A of explanation at present corresponding to IEEE 802.11b, agreement B can be corresponding to IEEE 802.11g, and agreement C can be corresponding to IEEE 802.11n.As selection, the agreement ordering can be based on user definition and/or system manager's define program.For example, if when utilizing agreement A to set up radio communication owing to the non-identification of frame produces the number of unacceptable error of transmission, the user can select agreement B form to set up radio communication.This notion will be done more detailed description with reference to all the other accompanying drawings.
In operation, each of access point 12～16 and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment 25,27,29 is determined the agreement that each Wireless Telecom Equipment is utilized in access areas.Recall can comprise Basic Service Set and/or adjacent Basic Service Set and/or directly or ad hoc network, wherein Wireless Telecom Equipment direct communication access areas.In case the agreement of each Wireless Telecom Equipment is determined, access point 12～16 and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment 25～29 are definite based on the agreement ordering, and this agreement will be used to set up radio communication.For example, if agreement A corresponding to IEEE 802.11b, communication equipment will utilize the MAC protection mechanism to set up radio communication (will further describe with reference to Figure 11).Each Wireless Telecom Equipment will utilize agreement A to set up or set up radio communication, just be established so that legacy equipment is recognized a radio communication, and also recognize the duration of radio communication, like this, not transmit during this period, and the result can avoid conflict.
In case radio communication is established or sets up, be used to selection agreement (being agreement A) from the agreement ordering, communication equipment promptly utilizes its agreement to transmit other elements that data are given radio communication.For example, Wireless Telecom Equipment 25 will utilize agreement A to set up and transmit data and give radio communication 35.Wireless Telecom Equipment 27 will utilize agreement A to set up radio communication, utilize agreement B to transmit in the data of corresponding radio communication 37 then.Similarly, Wireless Telecom Equipment 29 will utilize agreement A to set up or set up radio communication, utilize the data translator unit of agreement C in corresponding radio communication 39 then.
Those skilled in the art will understand, if access areas only comprises the Wireless Telecom Equipment that utilizes same agreement, use this agreement to set up with data and will transmit.Those skilled in the art will be further understood that, if two different agreements exist in access areas, traditional agreement will be selected as setting up agreement.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of describing the radio communication between two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 and 102, and Wireless Telecom Equipment 100 and 102 is positioned at immediate zone, a use agreement IEEE802.11n in this zone.Radio communication can be directly (promptly from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the Wireless Telecom Equipment), or (both from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the access point to Wireless Telecom Equipment) indirectly.In this example, Wireless Telecom Equipment 100 provides frame 104 to Wireless Telecom Equipment 102.Frame 104 comprises that radio communication sets up information field 106 and data division 108.Radio communication is set up information field 106 and is comprised short training sequence 157, it may be 8 milliseconds long, the first compensation long training sequence 159, and it can be 4 milliseconds long, it is in a plurality of compensation long training sequences 161 and the signal domain (SIG) 163 one, and signal domain 163 can be 4 milliseconds long.The quantity of noting compensation long training sequence 159,161 will transmit antenna and be used to multiple-input-multiple-output wireless communication corresponding to the quantity that transmits antenna.
The data division of frame 104 comprises plurality of data symbol 165,167,169, and each all is 4 milliseconds of duration.Last data symbol 169 also comprises tail bits and insertion bit on demand.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of describing the radio communication between two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 and 102. Wireless Telecom Equipment 100 and 102 is positioned at immediate zone, and wherein the agreement of only using is IEEE 802.11n.Radio communication can be directly (promptly from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the Wireless Telecom Equipment), or (both from the Wireless Telecom Equipment to the access point to Wireless Telecom Equipment) indirectly.In this example, Wireless Telecom Equipment 100 uses a plurality of antenna #1～#N to provide a plurality of frame 104-1,104-2,104-N to Wireless Telecom Equipment 102.Among frame 104-1,104-2, the 104-N each comprises that radio communication sets up information field 106 and data division 108.Radio communication is set up information field 106 and is comprised short training sequence (STS) 157, it can be 8 milliseconds long, the first compensation long training sequence (suppl LTS) 159, it can be 4 milliseconds long, it is in a plurality of compensation long training sequences (suppl LTS) 161 and the signal domain 163 one, and signal domain 163 can be 4 milliseconds long.The quantity of noting the compensation long training sequence will transmit antenna and be used to multiple-input-multiple-output wireless communication corresponding to the quantity that transmits antenna.
The data division of frame 104 comprises plurality of data symbol 165,167,169, and each all is 4 milliseconds of duration.Last data symbol 169 also comprises tail bits and insertion bit on demand.
In this example, header (being sometimes referred to as " green territory ") is at the situation when only having .11n equipment to exist.As selection, when using MAC level protection (RST/CTS or CTS are to itself), it can be used for legacy equipment (.11,11a, 11b and 11g) (when there is not the very long character group of protection in the traditional base station, also can use the protection of MAC level).
Several possible compensation long training sequence 159,161:(m=1 are arranged) realize.For this situation, a long training sequence 159 will only be arranged.For antenna 1, will be identical with 802.11a long training sequence 159, but have only 4 milliseconds long, comprise 0.8 millisecond guard interval.For antenna 2 to N, be the cyclic transformation version of a same sequence.In preference pattern, the number of times of the cyclic transformation of every antenna (antenna amount is 1) calculates with millisecond by 4/N antenna 2.This is because for an antenna, is converted to zero.For two antennas, conversion is 0 microsecond (to antenna 1) and 4 microseconds.For 3 antennas, conversion is 0,2.65 microseconds and 5.35 microseconds.For 4 antennas, conversion is 0,2,4 and 6 microseconds.Equally, when being around to 50ns unit's (inverse of symbol clock frequency), conversion realizes it being the simplest.Conversion can realize by direction forward or backward.
For (m=N), the quantity of training sequence equals to transmit the quantity of antenna, and is better for the situation of (m=1), because it will make in the receiver channels misjudgment still less, particularly to antenna amount when big, like this, it is proportional.Have two possible training sequences to select:
Kernel: in this case, sequence (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) ... .. is up to (N is identical with the 802.11a long training sequence N).The information that every other (i.e. (1,2), (2,1) etc.) are not transmitted during that time slot for null value----.
The subchannel null value: in this case, the set of sub-channels in the training sequence is sent out antenna and divides once more.Independent subclass is activated during each subchannel.。
With the subcarrier of a m * m orthogonal matrix and the 802.11a long training sequence generation orthogonal sequence that multiplies each other, this matrix generates discrete fourier transition.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the radio communication between two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 and 102.Each Wireless Telecom Equipment all meets IEEE 802.11n.Such communication occurs in the access areas of the equipment that the equipment that includes 802.11n and conform to, equipment that 802.11a conforms to and/or 802.11g conform to, in this example, radio communication can be direct or indirect, wherein frame 110 comprises traditional part 112 of the information of foundation, remaining message part 114 and the data division 108 set up.
Traditional part 112 of setting up information comprises short training sequence 157 (during it being 8 milliseconds), long training sequence 171 (during it being 8 milliseconds), signal domain (SIG) 173 (during it being 4 milliseconds).As everyone knows, during signal domain 173 comprises that several bits are with indication frame 110.Like this, the equipment that the IEEE 802.11a in access areas conforms to will recognize frame with the equipment that conforms at access areas IEEE 802.11g and just be transmitted, even the remainder that this equipment can not interpreted frame.In this example, legacy equipment (IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g) will clash based on the proper interpretation of setting up information tradition part 112 being avoided communicate by letter with IEEE 802.11n.
The remaining information 114 of setting up comprises ancillary relief long training sequence 159,161, is 4 milliseconds during it.The remaining information of setting up further comprises high data-signal territory 163, during it for 4 milliseconds so that the additional information relevant with frame to be provided.Data division 108 comprises data symbol 165,167,169, with reference to figure 7 as previously mentioned, is 4 milliseconds during it.In this example, traditional protection is provided in physical layer.
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the radio communication between two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 and 102, and each all meets IEEE 802.11n.This communication occurs in the access areas of the equipment that the equipment that includes 802.11n and conform to, equipment that 802.11a conforms to and/or 802.11g conform to.In this example, radio communication can be the communication of direct or indirect use multichannel antenna, and wherein each frame 110-1,110-2,110-N comprise traditional part 112 of the information of foundation, remaining message part 114 and the data division 108 set up.
Traditional part 112 of setting up information comprises short training sequence 157 (during it being 8 milliseconds), long training sequence 171 (during it being 8 milliseconds), signal domain 173 (during it being 4 milliseconds).As everyone knows, during signal domain 173 comprises that several bits are with indication frame 110.Like this, the equipment that the equipment that conforms at the IEEE802.11a of access areas conforms to the IEEE 802.11g in access areas will be discerned frame and just be transmitted, even the remainder that this equipment can not interpreted frame.In this example, legacy equipment (IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g) will clash based on the proper interpretation of traditional part 112 of setting up information being avoided communicate by letter with IEEE802.11n.
The remaining message part 114 of setting up comprises ancillary relief long training sequence 159,161, is 4 milliseconds during it.The remaining information of setting up further comprises high data-signal territory 163, during it for 4 milliseconds so that the additional information relevant with frame to be provided.Data division 108 comprises data symbol 165,167,169, with reference to figure 7 as previously mentioned, is 4 milliseconds during it.In this example, traditional protection is provided in physical layer.
In one embodiment, m is the quantity of the long training sequence of every frame, and N is the quantity of transmitting antenna, and header (being sometimes referred to as " green territory ") is at the situation when .11a or the existence of .11g legacy equipment.Short Training and long training sequence are with identical to the 802.11a of TX antenna 1.To antenna N two kinds of possibilities are arranged for antenna 2:
Use the cyclic transformation version of same sequence.The cyclic transformation number of every antenna calculated by (day wire size-1) 800/N in part per billion second, the 4/N millisecond is pressed in Short Training (day wire size-1) calculated.
Second kind of pattern is to allow the Short Training be null value (being that these antenna does not transmit in this interval) by the signal area part of transmitting on antenna 2 to N.In addition, the compensation long training sequence of antenna 1 does not use and does not have message in this period and sends.
Except the bit (4) that keeps will be set to 1 with the training to the .11n receiver of indicating 802.11n frame and back, signal domain 173 will be used the form identical with 802.11a.The compensation training long training sequence can define in many ways:
(m=1), will have only a long compensation training sequence 159 to this situation.It will with 802.11a long training sequence quadrature.
(m=N-1) to this situation, the quantity of training sequence equals the quantity of antenna.Preferred (m=1) situation will be because it will reduce the channel estimation error of receiver, during particularly for a large amount of antenna.So both scalable.
The possible selection of three kinds of training sequences is arranged:
Kernel---in this case, sequence (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) ... up to (m, m) identical with the 802.11a long training sequence.All other (i.e. (1,2), (2,1) or the like) are null value---the information that is not transmitted during that time slot.)
The subchannel null value---in this case, the set of sub-channels in the training sequence is sent out antenna and divides once more.Independent subclass is activated during each subchannel.
Embodiment uses by a m * m orthogonal matrix and 802.11a long training sequence and multiplies each other and the orthogonal sequence that produces, as produces a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and with reference to figure 18-21, it can be described in more detail.For example, the 4th antenna box can adopt following orthogonal matrix to produce the sub-carrier frequency of each compensation long training sequence.
θ
k＝π·k /(4·N
subcarriers)
φ
k＝π·(k+4)/(2·N
subcarriers)
Figure 11 is the diagram in two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 that all conform to IEEE 802.11n and 102 s' radio communication.This radio communication can be positioned at the access areas of the equipment, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and/or the IEEE 802.11g equipment that comprise IEEE 802.11 and conform to directly or indirectly.In this example, frame 111 comprises that this sets up information 112 tradition part, remaining information 114 and the data division 108 set up.As shown in the figure, traditional part 112 or the conventional frame of setting up information comprise an IEEE 802.11PHY header (promptly, STS157, LTS171, and signal domain (SIG) 173) an and MAC subregion frame part 175, it represents the characteristic of the special frame that this can be explained by legacy equipment.In this example, traditional protection is provided at the MAC layer.
This remaining information 114 of setting up comprises a plurality of auxiliary long training sequences 159,161 and high data-signal territory 163.This data division 108 comprises foregoing a plurality of data symbol 165,167,169.
Figure 12 is the diagram of two Wireless Telecom Equipments 100 that conform to IEEE 802.11n of using the multichannel antenna and 102 s' radio communication.This radio communication can be positioned at the access areas of the equipment, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and/or the IEEE 802.11g equipment that comprise IEEE 802.11 and conform to directly or indirectly.In this example, each frame 111-1,111-2,111-N include this traditional part 112 of setting up information, remaining information 114 and the data division 108 set up.As shown in the figure, traditional part 112 or the conventional frame of setting up information comprise an IEEE 802.11 PHY headers (promptly, STS157, LTS171, and signal domain 173) an and MAC subregion frame part 175, it represents the characteristic of the special frame that this can be explained by legacy equipment.In this example, traditional protection is provided at the MAC layer.Notice that this territory is caught up with and state that Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are described to have a same structure, except that signal domain.As selectable, use the MAC subregion to set up the NAV at tradition station.This comprises frame information this MAC section, and this frame information is encoded on a traditional rate to allow by .11a and the reception of .11g station.The definition of the long training symbol 159,161 of this compensation meets Fig. 9 and the described same format of Figure 10.
This remaining information 114 of setting up comprises a plurality of auxiliary long training sequences 159,161 and high data, services territory 163.This data division 108 comprises foregoing plurality of data symbol 165,167,169.
Figure 13 is the multiple protocol wireless communication method among the WLAN.This method starts from step 120, and wherein, access point (for indirect radio communication) or Wireless Telecom Equipment (for direct wireless communication) are determined the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment in immediate zone.In one embodiment, determine this agreement based on the frequency band that uses and the radio local network communication format of each Wireless Telecom Equipment.For example, if this frequency band is 2.4GHz, an equipment can have a WLAN communication format according to IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE802.11n.If this frequency band is 4.9-5.85GHz, an equipment can have a WLAN communication format according to IEEE 802.11a or IEEE 802.11n.And this immediate zone comprises the overlay area of at least one subregion of the overlay area of overlay area, self-organizing (ad-hoc) network of Basic Service Set and/or the overlay area of Basic Service Set and the Basic Service Set that at least one is contiguous.With reference to Fig. 1, the contiguous BSS of access point 12 comprises the BSS of access point 14 and/or the BSS of access point 16.
Get back to the logical diagram of Figure 13, this flow process is proceeded in step 122, and wherein, this access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment determine whether the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the immediate zone is a similar agreement.This flow process taps into into step 124, and wherein, whether the agreement that this processing branch depends on the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the immediate zone is a similar agreement.When the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the immediate zone was all used identical agreement, this flow process entered step 126, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is for setting up radio communication and using their agreement for radio communication.
Yet, if at least one Wireless Telecom Equipment has a different agreement, this flow process enters step 128, wherein, selects an agreement in this access point or the Wireless Telecom Equipment agreement based on the Wireless Telecom Equipment of an agreement ordering in immediate zone.The ordering of this agreement can be one based on the tradition ordering of Wireless Telecom Equipment and/or based on the agreement ordering of the efficiency of transmission ordering of agreement.For example, IEEE802.11, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n equipment operation are on the 2.4GHz frequency band, and operating on the 4.9-5.85GHz frequency band of conforming to of IEEE 802.11a or IEEE 802.11n.Like this, in the 2.4GHz frequency band, if be presented in the 802.11n equipment at the 802.11b station, MAC level protection mechanism (the 802.11g equipment that as shown in Figure 6 those are defined) can be used.Yet, if only there is traditional 802.11g equipment to be presented in the 802.11n equipment, so or MAC level (as Fig. 6) or PHY level (as Fig. 5) protection mechanism can be used.In the 4.9-5.85GHz frequency band, if 802.11a is device rendered in 802.11n equipment, MAC level or PHY level protection mechanism can be used.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that because since the additional frame that the MAC level is protected be not required make the traffic influence meeting still less, it more wishes to use PHY level protection mechanism, rather than MAC level protection mechanism.Like this, when possibility, at first can use PHY level protection mechanism.If this PHY level protection mechanism work is bad, as measure dont answer frame outnumbered a threshold values, adopt MAC level protection mechanism so.
Those of ordinary skill in the art can further understand, and the use that is required of traditional state and protection mechanism can be activated in the ERP message elements of information frame (and probe response frame).Current 802.11g uses the station that bit 0 presents with the no ERP of expression (.11b just) and bit 1 extremely uses protection (MAC level) with pressure.This point can be extended to the traditional state of reservation position (3 to 7) to represent that .11n or .11b stand that is used.In one embodiment, position 3 can be used for expression " traditional OFDM presents ".This bit is explained as follows:
| Position 0-does not have ERP and presents | Position 1-uses protection | Position 3-tradition OFDM presents | Action for 802.11n |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | Use the .11n frame |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | Use the MAC protection |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | Use the MAC protection |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | Use PHY or MAC protection |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | At random use PHY or MAC protection |
For .11n, this MAC level protection mechanism is identical with .11g.Stand should or to oneself use CTS or use the CTS/RTS exchange with the network allocation vector of setting up the tradition station (network allocation vector, NAV).
Get back to the logical diagram of Figure 13, this flow process continues step 130, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment utilizes the agreement of selecting in the immediate zone to set up radio communication in the immediate zone.It is illustrated among Fig. 6-12.Should place's program continue at step 132 then, wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is that the transfer of data of radio communication is used its agreement.
Figure 14 is the logical diagram of a method, to determine whether this agreement of selecting is changed.This flow process starts from step 140, and wherein, access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment monitor the transfer of data of the dont answer in immediate zone is carried out the supervision of transfer of data.This place's program continues at step 142, and wherein, access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment are made comparisons with the transfer of data and a bust this threshold values (as being equivalent to 5%) of dont answer.If this relatively is favourable, this place's program continues at step 146, and wherein, this agreement of selecting does not keep and this flow process repeating step 140 with being changed.
Yet if step 144 is disadvantageous, this place's program continues at step 148, and wherein, access point and/or Wireless Telecom Equipment sort based on agreement, and the agreement of selecting another Wireless Telecom Equipment in immediate zone is to produce the agreement that another is selected.For example, when a lot of bust thiss took place, MAC level protection mechanism can be selected to replace PHY level protection mechanism.Should place's program continue at step 150 then, wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment uses another agreement of selecting in the access areas to set up the radio communication in the access areas.
Figure 15 participates in the logical diagram of the method for multiple protocol wireless communication for Wireless Telecom Equipment.This flow process starts from step 160, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment utilizes an agreement (as IEEE802.11n) of Wireless Telecom Equipment to intercom mutually with an access point.Then, this place's program continues at step 146, and wherein, Wireless Telecom Equipment receives an agreement of selecting from this access point.Notice that the agreement that this is selected and the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment can be a wireless LAN communication form, it is according to IEEE 802.11, IEEE802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, the improvement version of IEEE 802.11n and/or IEEE 802.11.Notice that further this agreement of selecting comprises that first frame format, that includes a traditional file head and a specific media access control (MAC) layer subregion includes the 3rd frame format that second frame format and/or of compatible file header after a physics (PHY) course includes a current version file header and MAC layer subregion.
This flow process continues at step 146 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment determines whether the agreement selected is similar agreement to the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment.When agreement was identical, this flow process branched to step 148 in step 166, when agreement not simultaneously, branch to step 170.In step 148, Wireless Telecom Equipment utilizes this agreement to set up a radio communication and transmits data.In step 170, this Wireless Telecom Equipment utilizes this agreement of selecting to set up radio communication.This flow process continues at step 146 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is the agreement that radio communication is used Wireless Telecom Equipment.
Figure 16 participates in the method logical diagram of multiple protocol wireless communication for Wireless Telecom Equipment.This step starts from step 180, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment receives a frame by a wireless channel.This flow process continues at step 182 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment determines whether an agreement of selecting is inequality with the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment.When the agreement of this agreement of selecting and Wireless Telecom Equipment was identical, this flow process continued at step 184, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment uses its agreement to set up a radio communication and transmits data.
Yet when if the agreement of this agreement selected and Wireless Telecom Equipment is inequality, this flow process continues at step 186, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment uses this agreement of selecting to explain that the radio communication of this frame sets up at least one part of information.In one embodiment, this radio communication can be by interpreted frame explain the information of this foundation with the corresponding to file header of a conventional physical, so that being provided, radio communication sets up the explanation of at least one part of information, and when the file header of frame and conventional physical form are inconsistent, determine the remainder form of this frame according to the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment.Notice that this conventional physical form comprises at least one among IEEE 802.11a and the IEEE 802.11g, and wherein the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises IEEE 802.11n.
In another embodiment, this radio communication can be by interpreted frame explain that with the corresponding to file header of a traditional media access control (MAC) this sets up information, so that the explanation of radio communication being set up at least one part of information to be provided, and when the file header of frame and traditional MAC layer form are inconsistent, determine the remainder form of this frame according to the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment.Notice that this conventional physical form comprises at least one among IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b and the IEEE 802.11g, and wherein the agreement of this Wireless Telecom Equipment comprises IEEE 802.11n.
This flow process continues at step 188 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment determines based on the explanation of at least one part of radio communication being set up information whether the remainder of protocol frame is formatted according to Wireless Telecom Equipment.When according to the remainder of the protocol frame of Wireless Telecom Equipment when formatted, this flow process then branches to step 194 from step 190, and is formatted when not having, and then branches to step 192.In step 192, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is ignored this frame.In step 194, based on the agreement according to Wireless Telecom Equipment, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is handled the remainder of this frame.
Figure 17 is the logical diagram that a Wireless Telecom Equipment participates in the method for multiple protocol wireless communication.This method starts from step 200, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is determined whether similar to this Wireless Telecom Equipment of an agreement of selecting.When the agreement of selecting is that the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment is identical, this flow process branches to step 204 from step 202, and when agreement not simultaneously, branch to step 206.In step 204, this Wireless Telecom Equipment is according to the data division of setting up message part and this frame of its this frame of formatted.This Wireless Telecom Equipment transmits this frame then.
Yet, if the agreement dissmilarity of agreement of selecting and Wireless Telecom Equipment, this flow process continues at step 206, and wherein, the part that this Wireless Telecom Equipment is set up information according to the agreement of selecting to radio communication formats to produce the information of setting up of conventional form.This flow process continues at step 208 then, and wherein, the remainder that this Wireless Telecom Equipment is set up information according to the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment to radio communication formats to produce the information of setting up of current format.This flow process continues at step 210 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment formats to produce the data of current format data according to the agreement of Wireless Telecom Equipment.Please refer to the accompanying drawing of this kind of example form formerly.This flow process continues at step 212 then, and wherein, this Wireless Telecom Equipment transmits the frame of the data of the information of setting up of the information of setting up that includes conventional form, current format and current format.
In one embodiment of the invention, header should with existing 802.11 standard back compatibles.A problem in TGn be how with traditional 802.11a and the work of 802.11b/g equipment collaboration, wherein, collaborative work comprises two kinds of situations:
-identical BSS (Basic Service Set): all equipment communicates with identical AP (access point).
-common channel/" covering (overlapping) " BSS
It can be by design physical layer overlay program (Physical Layer Convergence Procedure; PLCP) file header and addressed; to allow 802.11a/g station (Station; STA) stop to declare that conflict avoids (Collision Avoidance; CCA) or use a protection mechanism as require transmission/removing transmit (Requestto Send/Clear to Send, RTS/CTS) or CTS himself.
-802.11g selects the latter to handle 802.11b equipment.
-on identical degree, RTS/CTS can be depended on the protection character group.
For the unaltered information field of a PLCP file header of on the tradition station, decoding, wish the conveyer antenna input use existing long training and the identical linear weighted function of signal code.Use MISO (output of multichannel input signal) system, this identical weighting should be applied at first two long training symbols and conventional information territory for decoding processing by the tradition station.
For M conveyer antenna, a N receiver antenna and a sequence L transmit the situation of symbol, and Xk is the received signal on sub-carrier frequency k:
Then this Zero Forcing (Zero-forcing, ZF) mimo channel is estimated and can be calculated as:
If long training symbol sequence is by definition well (that is, when unit matrix of real number counter timing, Sk finishes).
Least mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimating can be calculated as:
Wherein, in order to simplify, hk is assumed that i.i.d Gauss and uses " outstanding long estimation training is selected " again.Notice since S as shown in formerly and selected carefully, the execution of MMSE is estimated to can be the sequence selection of back and be omitted to ZF.
Figure 18 is the chart according to synchronous second channel acoustic detection of the present invention.In this example, the short symbol of 802.11a is transmitted on antenna 1 in 225,233,241 the process during " carrier frequency detection ".To antenna 2 ... during M " carrier frequency detection " 225,233,241 with those on antenna 1, be transmitted identical, except by maximum sampling rate * circulation ((k-1) * (800/ maximum sampling rate)/M) be shifted circularly nanosecond (rotation).Wherein, maximum sampling rate is 50 nanosecond 20MHz channels and 25 nanosecond 40MHz channels, and k is an antenna 2 ... the number of M.First channel sounding surveys symbol 227 and signal area 229 is the signal area of long training symbol and 802.11a, and only be transmitted from antenna 1.These are used to from transmitting the estimation of antenna 1 to the channel of first receiver antenna.
Second channel acoustic detection symbol 235,234,243,245 is at antenna 2 ... be transmitted on the M, and be used to transmit the estimation of antenna 2 to the channel of each receiver antenna.Signal 2231,239,247 is a new signal area (as 802.11n), its this 802.11n that encodes leads and frame length information.Average output power is measured with output frame continuously, bursts at the seams by all transmission fifty-fifty.
Figure 19 is the exemplary plot of a transfer mode of the frame format of Fig. 7.Transformat is also estimated the requirement of requirement for satisfying channel of future generation simultaneously in order to satisfy backward compatibility issues hereto, and W is selected so that W and W-1 are simplified execution.And, anyly form problem by [w11..w1M] from the beam of MIMO conveyer (equipment of future generation) and should receive an acclaim by traditional 802.11a/g equipment.
In this embodiment, a channel sounding is surveyed (S
k) 253 by a plurality of weighted factor (W
K, m) 301,303,305 multiply each other, wherein, k is corresponding to the channel sounding quantitation, its scope from 1 to 1, and m is corresponding to the quantity that transmits antenna 82-86.The channel sounding survey of the weighting of gained is converted to the RF signal by conveyer 67,69,71 and is transmitted fully by antenna 81,83,85.In such an embodiment, a weighted factor matrix can be expressed as follows:
Along with always transmitting on all antennas, null value is formed, and this null value is by selecting one as the weighting sequence of a beam-forming arrangement and compensated, so that null value is introduced into specific direction.For example, for vectorial w1=[11] situation of (delegation of the W matrix of the slip formerly of a 2TX situation), null value is introduced into direction-90 ° and+90 °.Like this, a certain direction is disadvantageous than the direction on the signal input sink of other traditional wlan device.
According to the present invention, the M-1 that transmits antenna that is weighted in of a different complexity upward is applied to each sub-carrier frequency.It reaches the capacitance loss on the worst direction and formed a different directional characteristic on each sub-carrier frequency with power still less.This is illustrated in Figure 20 and 21.
Figure 20 is the exemplary plot of this method, and wherein, the header of the frame format of Fig. 7 is the MIMO conveyer of future generation of broad sense and partly is that double antenna MIMO conveyer of future generation forms.In this example, two headers have been produced: for the antenna of each activation produces one.First header 311; it is transmitted by first antenna; comprise two guard intervals (GI2) 313, first channel sounding survey (CS0; 0) 315, second channel acoustic detection (CS0; 1) 317, guard interval (GI) 319, signal area (SIG) 321, another guard interval (GI) 323 and one the 3rd channel sounding are surveyed (CS0,2) 325.This second header 327; it is transmitted by second antenna; comprise two guard intervals (GI2) 329, first channel sounding survey (CS1; 0) 331, second channel acoustic detection (CS1; 1) 333, guard interval (GI) 335, signal area (SIG) 337, another guard interval (GI) 339, and one the 3rd channel sounding survey (CS1,2) 341.
In this embodiment, following formula is used to various channel soundings surveys:
s
01＝s
00
s
11＝s
10
s
02＝s
00
Survey from these channel soundings, weighted factor can be by following application:
Wherein, first quantity of following target that channel sounding is surveyed corresponding to antenna, second quantity corresponding to symbol, and the k position is corresponding to the quantity of channel sounding survey.For example, S
10, kCorresponding to be first symbol that k channel sounding surveyed transmission on first antenna.
Each sub-carrier frequency obtains a different directional characteristic, and following formula is employed:
Figure 21 is the exemplary plot of this method, and wherein, the header of the frame format of Fig. 7 is that three antennas MIMO conveyer of future generation forms.In this example, three headers have been produced: for the antenna of each activation produces one.First header 351; it is transmitted by first antenna; comprise a pair of guard interval (GI2) 353, first channel sounding survey (CS0; 0) 365, second channel acoustic detection (CS0; 1) 357, guard interval (GI) 359, signal area (SIG) 361, another guard interval (GI) 363, and the 3rd channel sounding survey (CS0; 2) the 365, the 3rd guard interval (GI) 367 and the 4th channel sounding are surveyed (CS0,1) 369.This second header 371; it is transmitted by second antenna; comprise two guard intervals (GI2) 373, first channel sounding survey (CS1; 0) 375, second channel acoustic detection (CS1; 1) 377, guard interval (GI) 379, signal area (SIG) 381, another guard interval (GI) 383, the 3rd channel sounding are surveyed (CS1; 2) the 385, the 3rd guard interval (GI) 387 and the 4th channel sounding are surveyed (CS1,3) 389.The 3rd header 391; it is transmitted by third antenna; comprise two guard intervals (GI2) 393, first channel sounding survey (CS2; 0) 395, second channel acoustic detection (CS2; 1) 397, guard interval (GI) 399, signal area (SIG) 401, another guard interval (GI) 403, the 3rd channel sounding are surveyed (CS2; 2) the 405, the 3rd protection zone (GI) 407 and one the 4th channel sounding are surveyed (CS2,3) 409.
Survey for various channel soundings, the weighted factor matrix can be used as follows:
For each sub-carrier frequency obtains a different directional characteristic, following formula is employed:
θ
k＝π·k/6
φ
k＝π·(k+4)/6
From Figure 20 and 21, more signal energy can be transmitted, so that receiver can carry out channel estimating better.This makes ZF or the MMSE channel estimating more simplified on Rx (mostly being addition/displacement greatly), because:
This channel can by with each sub-carrier frequency radiation parameter formerly known to the time estimate that and these parameters do not need to be applied to the symbol of remaining transmission then.Such advantage is not to be required extra multiplying in the transmission side, can be found easily in table as the LTRN sequence.
This channel can by with each sub-carrier frequency radiation parameter not formerly known to the time estimate that and these parameters do not need to be employed the symbol of remaining transmission then.Such advantage is that receive channel is estimated to be simplified (multiplication still less), but conveyer has been carried out extra multiplication.
First kind of situation, use more early representation and L=M:
Second kind of situation, use more early representation and L=M:
It is in the cards that the further improvement of noticing channel estimating is duplicated whole length M sequence by p time.Make improvements by simply averaging.This expense be identical at the 10 described single movable conveyers that slide, but its performance is good far.
For the situation of back compatible header, wherein, the quantity of long training symbol is M+1, and long sequence can comprise the long training symbol of p*M+1.P the identical piece that M symbol arranged, and first and second symbol on each antenna is identical.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that term " fully " or " approximately ",, provide an industrial acceptable permissible error herein its corresponding term in being used.So industrial acceptable permissible error scope is from being less than one of percentage to 20 percent, and corresponding to but be not limited to component values, integrated circuit deviation, temperature deviation, up and descending number of times and/or heat noise.Be appreciated that more that as those of ordinary skill in the art term " is operably connected ", in can be used herein, wherein for connecting indirectly, it comprises and directly connects and connect indirectly by another element, element, circuit or module.Interference part, element, circuit or module be the information of transfer signal not, but can adjust its current rank, electric pressure and/or power grade.As persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that term " is better than ", and in can be used herein, be illustrated between two or more elements, object, signal or the like and compare, a relation that is hoped is provided.For example, when the relation that is hoped when to be signal 1 than signal 2 have a higher order of magnitude, when signal 1 has a higher order of magnitude than signal 2 or signal 1 when having a lower order of magnitude, can obtain a favourable contrast than signal 2.
The various embodiment of the radio communication in the wireless communication system have been showed in follow-up discussion, and it comprises a plurality of Wireless Telecom Equipments of different agreements.As persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that from technology of the present invention and can derive other embodiment and the scope of claim as described in not breaking away from.According to United States code the 35th chapter 119 (e) bar, present patent application quotes, requires priority and opinion to benefit from following four provisional application:
First is to submit on February 13rd, 2004, and its interim sequence number is 60/544,605, and name is called " multiple protocol wireless communication in WLAN (Multiple Protocol Wireless Communicationsin a WLAN) "; Second is to submit on February 19th, 2004, and its interim sequence number is 60/545,854, and name is called " the WLAN conveyer (WLAN TransmitterHaving High Data Throughput) with high data pass rate "; The 3rd name is called " the MIMO agreement (Mimo Protocol for Wireless Communications) that is used for radio communication ", and it faces the applying date is that its interim sequence number was 60/568,914 on May 7th, 2004; The 4th name is called " long training sequence (Long Training Sequence for MIMO Systems) that is used for the MIMO wlan system ", and it faces the applying date is that its interim sequence number was 60/562,168 on April 14th, 2004.
The model selection table:
Table 1:2.4GHz, 20/22MHz channel BW, 54Mbps Maximum Bit Rate
| Speed | Modulation | Encoding rate | NBPSC | NCBPS | NDBPS | EVM | Sensitivity | ACR | AACR |
| 1 | |
||||||||
| 2 | Barker QPSK | ||||||||
| 5.5 | CCK | ||||||||
| 6 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 | -5 | -82 | 16 | 32 |
| 9 | BPSK | 0.75 | 1 | 48 | 36 | -8 | -81 | 15 | 31 |
| 11 | |
||||||||
| 12 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 | -10 | -79 | 13 | 29 |
| 18 | QPSK | 0.75 | 2 | 96 | 72 | -13 | -77 | 11 | 27 |
| 24 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 | -16 | -74 | 8 | 24 |
| 36 | 16-QAM | 0.75 | 4 | 192 | 144 | -19 | -70 | 4 | 20 |
| 48 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 | -22 | -66 | 0 | 16 |
| 54 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 | -25 | -65 | -1 | 15 |
Table 2: the demultiplexing of table 1
| Channel | Frequency (MHz) |
| 1 | 2412 |
| 2 | 2417 |
| 3 | 2422 |
| 4 | 2427 |
| 5 | 2432 |
| 6 | 2437 |
| 7 | 2442 |
| 8 | 2447 |
| 9 | 2452 |
| 10 | 2457 |
| 11 | 2462 |
| 12 | 2467 |
Table 3: the power spectrum density of table 1 (Power Spectral Density, PSD) mask
| The PSD mask | 1 |
| Frequency shift (FS) | dBr |
| -9MHz to 9MHz | 0 |
| +/-11MHz | -20 |
| +/-20MHz | -28 |
| The 30MHz of+/-and bigger | -50 |
Table 4:5GHz, 20MHz channel BW, 54Mbps Maximum Bit Rate
| Speed | Modulation | Encoding rate | NBPSC | NCBPS | NDBPS | EVM | Sensitivity | ACR | AACR |
| 6 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 | -5 | -82 | 16 | 32 |
| 9 | BPSK | 0.75 | 1 | 48 | 36 | -8 | -81 | 15 | 31 |
| 12 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 | -10 | -79 | 13 | 29 |
| 18 | QPSK | 0.75 | 2 | 96 | 72 | -13 | -77 | 11 | 27 |
| 24 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 | -16 | -74 | 8 | 24 |
| 36 | 16-QAM | 0.75 | 4 | 192 | 144 | -19 | -70 | 4 | 20 |
| 48 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 | -22 | -66 | 0 | 16 |
| 54 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 | -25 | -65 | -1 | 15 |
Fig. 5: the demultiplexing of table 4
| Channel | Frequency (MHz) | Country | Channel | Frequency (MHz) | Country |
| 240 | 4920 | Japan | |||
| 244 | 4940 | Japan | |||
| 248 | 4960 | Japan | |||
| 252 | 4980 | Japan | |||
| 8 | 5040 | |
|||
| 12 | 5060 | |
|||
| 16 | 5080 | |
|||
| 36 | 5180 | The U.S./Europe | 34 | 5170 | |
| 40 | 5200 | The U.S./ |
38 | 5190 | Japan |
| 44 | 5220 | The U.S./ |
42 | 5210 | Japan |
| 48 | 5240 | The U.S./Europe | 46 | 5230 | |
| 52 | 5260 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 56 | 5280 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 60 | 5300 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 64 | 5320 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 100 | 5500 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 104 | 5520 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 108 | 5540 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 112 | 5560 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 116 | 5580 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 120 | 5600 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 124 | 5620 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 128 | 5640 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 132 | 5660 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 136 | 5680 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 140 | 5700 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 149 | 5745 | The U.S. | |||
| 153 | 5765 | The U.S. | |||
| 157 | 5785 | The U.S. | |||
| 161 | 5805 | The U.S. | |||
| 165 | 5825 | The U.S. |
Table 6:2.4GHz, 20MHz channel BW, 192Mbps Maximum Bit Rate
| Speed | The TX antenna | The ST encoding rate | Modulation | Encoding rate | | NCBPS | NDBPS | |
| 12 | 2 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 | |
| 24 | 2 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 | |
| 48 | 2 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 | |
| 96 | 2 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 | |
| 108 | 2 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 | |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 |
| 36 | 3 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 |
| 72 | 3 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 |
| 144 | 3 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 |
| 162 | 3 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 |
| 24 | 4 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 |
| 48 | 4 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 |
| 96 | 4 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 |
| 192 | 4 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 |
| 216 | 4 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 |
Fig. 7: the demultiplexing of table 6
| Channel | Frequency (MHz) |
| 1 | 2412 |
| 2 | 2417 |
| 3 | 2422 |
| 4 | 2427 |
| 5 | 2432 |
| 6 | 2437 |
| 7 | 2442 |
| 8 | 2447 |
| 9 | 2452 |
| 10 | 2457 |
| 11 | 2462 |
| 12 | 2467 |
Table 8:5GHz, 20MHz channel BW, 192Mbps Maximum Bit Rate
| Speed | The TX antenna | The ST encoding rate | Modulation | Encoding rate | | NCBPS | NDBPS | |
| 12 | 2 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 | |
| 24 | 2 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 | |
| 48 | 2 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 | |
| 96 | 2 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 |
| 108 | 2 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 |
| 36 | 3 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 |
| 72 | 3 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 |
| 144 | 3 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 |
| 162 | 3 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 |
| 24 | 4 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 | 48 | 24 |
| 48 | 4 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 | 96 | 48 |
| 96 | 4 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 | 192 | 96 |
| 192 | 4 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 | 288 | 192 |
| 216 | 4 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 | 288 | 216 |
Fig. 9: the demultiplexing of table 8
| Channel | Frequency (Hz) | Country | Channel | Frequency (MHz) | Country |
| 240 | 4920 | Japan | |||
| 244 | 4940 | Japan | |||
| 248 | 4960 | Japan | |||
| 252 | 4980 | Japan | |||
| 8 | 5040 | |
|||
| 12 | 5060 | |
|||
| 16 | 5080 | |
|||
| 36 | 5180 | The U.S./Europe | 34 | 5170 | |
| 40 | 5200 | The U.S./ |
38 | 5190 | Japan |
| 44 | 5220 | The U.S./ |
42 | 5210 | Japan |
| 48 | 5240 | The U.S./Europe | 46 | 5230 | |
| 52 | 5260 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 56 | 5280 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 60 | 5300 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 64 | 5320 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 100 | 5500 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 104 | 5520 | The U.S./Europe |
| 108 | 5540 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 112 | 5560 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 116 | 5580 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 120 | 5600 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 124 | 5620 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 128 | 5640 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 132 | 5660 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 136 | 5680 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 140 | 5700 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 149 | 5745 | The U.S. | |||
| 153 | 5765 | The U.S. | |||
| 157 | 5785 | The U.S. | |||
| 161 | 5805 | The U.S. | |||
| 165 | 5825 | The U.S. |
Table 10:5GHz, the Maximum Bit Rate of 40MHz channel and 486Mbps
| Speed | The TX antenna | The ST encoding rate | Modulation | Encoding rate | NBPSC |
| 13.5Mbps | 1 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 |
| 27Mbps | 1 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 |
| 54Mbps | 1 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 |
| 108Mbps | 1 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 |
| 121.5Mbps | 1 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 |
| |
2 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 |
| |
2 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 |
| |
2 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 |
| |
2 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 |
| |
2 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 |
| 40.5Mbps | 3 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 |
| 81Mbps | 3 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 |
| 162Mbps | 3 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 |
| 324Mbps | 3 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 |
| 365.5Mbps | 3 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 |
| |
4 | 1 | BPSK | 0.5 | 1 |
| |
4 | 1 | QPSK | 0.5 | 2 |
| |
4 | 1 | 16-QAM | 0.5 | 4 |
| |
4 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.666 | 6 |
| |
4 | 1 | 64-QAM | 0.75 | 6 |
Table 11: the power spectrum of table 10 (PSD) mask of conspiring
| The |
2 |
| Frequency shift (FS) | dBr |
| -19MHz to 19MHz | 0 |
| +/-21MHz | -20 |
| +/-30MHz | -28 |
| The 40MHz of+/-and bigger | -50 |
Figure 12: the demultiplexing of table 10
| Channel | Frequency (MHz) | Country | Channel | Frequency (MHz) | Country |
| 242 | 4930 | Japan | |||
| 250 | 4970 | |
|||
| 12 | 5060 | |
|||
| 38 | 5190 | The U.S./ |
36 | 5180 | Japan |
| 46 | 5230 | The U.S./Europe | 44 | 5520 | |
| 54 | 5270 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 62 | 5310 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 102 | 5510 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 110 | 5550 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 118 | 5590 | The U.S./ |
|||
| 126 | 5630 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 134 | 5670 | The U.S./Europe | |||
| 151 | 5755 | The U.S. | |||
| 159 | 5795 | The U.S. |
Claims (10)
1, a kind ofly be used to dispose multichannel input multichannel output MIMO method for communicating, it is characterized in that this method comprises:
Generation is used for first header of first antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this first header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, first channel is selected territory, first signal domain and secondary signal territory;
Generation is used for second header of at least one other antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected territory and secondary signal territory;
Transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and detect the territory;
Transmit this first channel via this first antenna and select the territory and first signal domain;
Transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, at least one other antenna transmits this plurality of channels and selects the territory via this; And
Transmit the secondary signal territory via this first antenna and this at least one other antennas simultaneously.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, transmits carrier wave detection territory via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and comprises:
The circulation rotation detects the territory with the carrier wave that the carrier wave of this first antenna detects these relevant at least one other antennas of territory.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, first channel of first header selects the generation of the territory and first signal domain to comprise:
Select the territory for this first channel and produce a long training sequence according to IEEE 802.11a; And
Generation is according to first signal domain of IEEE 802.11a.
4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the secondary signal territory comprises:
The rate information and the frame length information that are used for the frame of this MIMO communication.
5, a kind of multichannel input multichannel output MIMO method for communicating that is used to use multiple protocol wireless communication is characterized in that this method comprises:
Determine the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in access areas;
Whether the agreement of determining this Wireless Telecom Equipment in access areas is same protocol;
If should be different agreements,, select an agreement of selecting with generation in the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in access areas based on an agreement ordering in the agreement of the Wireless Telecom Equipment in the access areas; And
According to this agreement of selecting:
Generation is used for first header of first antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this first header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, first channel is selected territory, first signal domain and first signal domain;
Generation is used for second header of at least one other antenna of this MIMO communication, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected territory and secondary signal territory;
Transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and detect the territory;
Transmit this first channel via this first antenna and select the territory and first signal domain;
Transmit this first channel selection territory and this first signal domain via this first antenna after, at least one other antenna transmits this plurality of channels and selects the territory via this; And
Transmit the secondary signal territory via this first antenna and this at least one other antennas simultaneously.
6, method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, transmits carrier wave detection territory via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and comprises:
The circulation rotation detects the territory with the carrier wave that the carrier wave of this first antenna detects these relevant at least one other antennas of territory.
7, a kind of radio frequency transmitter that is used to dispose multiple-input and multiple-output MIMO communication is characterized in that, comprising:
The conveyer section, it is operably connected is transformed into departures RF signal with the symbol data that will set off; And
Baseband processing module, it is operably connected outbound data is transformed into this departures symbol data, and wherein this baseband processing module further is operably connected, and is used for a MIMO communication:
Generation is used for first header of first antenna of this conveyer section, and wherein this first header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, first channel is selected territory, first signal domain and first signal domain;
Generation is used for second header of at least one other antenna of this conveyer section, and wherein this second header comprises that carrier wave detects the territory, plurality of channels is selected the territory, reached the secondary signal territory;
Be convenient to transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously and detect the territory;
Be convenient to transmit this first channel and select the territory and first signal domain via this first antenna;
Transmitting via this first antenna after this first channel selects territory and this first signal domain, be convenient to via this at least one other antenna and transmit this plurality of channels and select the territory; And
Be convenient to transmit the secondary signal territory via this first antenna and this at least one other antennas simultaneously.
8, radio frequency transmitter as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, this baseband processing module further is operably connected detects the territory so that transmit carrier wave via this first antenna and at least one other antenna simultaneously, by:
The circulation rotation detects the territory with the carrier wave that the carrier wave of this first antenna detects these relevant at least one other antennas of territory.
9, radio frequency transmitter as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, first channel that this baseband processing module further is operably connected to produce first header is selected the territory and first signal domain, by:
Select the territory for this first channel and produce a long training sequence according to IEEE 802.11a; And
Generation is according to first signal domain of IEEE 802.11a.
10, radio frequency transmitter as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the secondary signal territory comprises:
The rate information and the frame length information that are used for the frame of this MIMO communication.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56216804P | 2004-04-14 | 2004-04-14 | |
| US60/562,168 | 2004-04-14 | ||
| US60/568,914 | 2004-05-07 | ||
| US10/973,549 | 2004-10-26 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1691565A CN1691565A (en) | 2005-11-02 |
| CN100353698C true CN100353698C (en) | 2007-12-05 |
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| CNB2005100674062A Active CN100353698C (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | Configuring a mimo communication |
| CNB2005100674077A Active CN100558103C (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | The long training sequence that is used for the wireless local area network (WLAN) system of multiple-input and multiple-output |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2005100674077A Active CN100558103C (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2005-04-14 | The long training sequence that is used for the wireless local area network (WLAN) system of multiple-input and multiple-output |
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| CN101502064B (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2012-09-05 | 美国博通公司 | Serial clear to send (cts) to self (cts2self) messaging procedure |
| US7995969B2 (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2011-08-09 | Sony Corporation | Millimeter wave power conversion |
| JP2010263488A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2010-11-18 | Sony Corp | Communications apparatus and method, computer program, and communication system |
| CN101834649B (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2013-03-06 | 南京邮电大学 | Random data joint detection method for multi-antenna cooperative communication system |
| EP2993848B1 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2019-04-03 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Data transmission method and apparatus |
| EP2991283A4 (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2016-07-27 | Huawei Tech Co Ltd | Data transmission method and apparatus |
| CA2972187C (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2020-09-08 | Abb Schweiz Ag | An inter-operable remote terminal unit |
| CN107925882B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2020-04-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Spatial multiplexing method and apparatus |
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| EP1185048A2 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-06 | Nortel Networks Limited | Preamble design for multicarrier transmission over channels with multiple inputs and outputs |
| US20030072452A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-17 | Mody Apurva N. | Preamble structures for single-input, single-output (SISO) and multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) communication systems |
| US20030076777A1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-24 | Stuber Gordon L. | Apparatus and methods for providing efficient space-time structures for preambles, pilots and data for multi-input, multi-output communications systems |
| WO2003034642A2 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-04-24 | Nortel Networks Limited | Synchronisation in multicarrier cdma systems |
-
2005
- 2005-04-14 CN CNB2005100674062A patent/CN100353698C/en active Active
- 2005-04-14 CN CNB2005100674077A patent/CN100558103C/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1185048A2 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-06 | Nortel Networks Limited | Preamble design for multicarrier transmission over channels with multiple inputs and outputs |
| US20030076777A1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-24 | Stuber Gordon L. | Apparatus and methods for providing efficient space-time structures for preambles, pilots and data for multi-input, multi-output communications systems |
| US20030072452A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-17 | Mody Apurva N. | Preamble structures for single-input, single-output (SISO) and multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) communication systems |
| WO2003034642A2 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-04-24 | Nortel Networks Limited | Synchronisation in multicarrier cdma systems |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| A MIMO System With Backward Compatibility forOFDM Based WLANs. Jianhua,Liu,Jian,Li,Petre,Stoica.2003 4th IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications. 2003 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1691565A (en) | 2005-11-02 |
| CN1738311A (en) | 2006-02-22 |
| CN100558103C (en) | 2009-11-04 |
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