CN1761323A - Method of forecast inside frame based on edge direction for AVs.h.264 video code between frames - Google Patents
Method of forecast inside frame based on edge direction for AVs.h.264 video code between frames Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method includes following steps: (I) (1) edge extracting is carried out for 16x16 brightness block so as to obtain values in horizontal direction and vertical direction; (2) based on direction of edge, combining with threshold value, determining whether edge is in horizontal direction or in vertical direction, those are mode 0 or 1, otherwise selecting 3; (3) if total number of mode 3 is larger than threshold value; then exiting (I) and entering to (II); otherwise, calculating predicted J value inside point frame, if not satisfying threshold value, entering to (II); if satisfying threshold value, then calculating J value according to DC mode, predict in side frame is taken the smaller J value; (II) (4) based on (1), obtaining 4x4 value of each pixel; (5) calculating predict value inside frame, and obtaining J value; (6) obtaining J value according to DC mode, comparing the J value here with J value in step (3) so as to obtain smaller J value, which is the final predict value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of video coding, more particularly relate to AVS, h.264 video code between frames is based on the design of the intra-frame prediction method of edge direction.
Background technology
International video standard in recent years adopts block-based coding framework, be about to input video and be divided into macro block, to its predict, estimation, conversion quantizes entropy coding, loop filtering etc.Prediction is divided into infra-frame prediction and inter prediction again.H.264, the video standard AVS of a new generation contains in the multiple frame or inter-frame forecast mode, compression efficiency also more in the past standard increases, but with the cost that is calculated as of high complexity.The strategy that the infra-frame prediction of this standard adopts the light tone degree to separate.Infra-frame prediction for luminance block is supported two kinds of sizes: 16 * 16,4 * 4, and first kind of size supported 4 kinds of predictive modes, second kind of size supported 9 kinds of predictive modes.Then support 8 * 8 for chrominance block, 4 kinds of predictive modes are arranged, and infra-frame prediction has been applied in the interframe encode also.In interframe encode, each macro block can select for use inter-frame forecast mode also can select intra prediction mode for use, finishes selecting frame mode after the selection of best inter mode again, selects the best final pattern of conduct.
For the selection of optimization model in the frame, judge that according to rate-distortion model it is defined as follows:
J＝D+λR
In the formula: D represents distortion value, and λ is Lagrangian parameter, and R is a code check.
Intra prediction mode for h.264 luminance block is as follows:
16 * 16 sizes:
Pattern 0: vertical mode;
Pattern 1: horizontal pattern;
Pattern 2:DC pattern;
Mode 3: plane mode;
4 * 4 sizes (as Fig. 1):
Pattern 0: vertical mode;
Pattern 1: horizontal pattern;
Pattern 2:DC pattern;
Mode 3: the oblique pattern down in a left side;
Pattern 4: right oblique pattern down;
Pattern 5: pattern vertically takes over;
Pattern 6: level is pattern on the lower side;
Mode 7: the pattern of vertically taking back;
Pattern 8: level is pattern on the upper side.
Usually when variation in the macro block was more smooth, the likelihood ratio of selection 16 * 16 was bigger, selected 4 * 4 patterns when the macro block information more complicated usually.4 * 4 patterns are that 16 * 16 macro block is divided into 16 sub-pieces, according to top and the left side is encoded and the neighbor of the sub-piece of reconstruct is judged, as Fig. 2.If each pattern of luminance macroblock is all calculated and the comparing rate distortion model is judged, not only ignored the content characteristic of macro block itself, and amount of calculation will be very big, thereby speed is slow, can not guarantee the quality behind the video decode.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and defect, and a kind of AVS is provided, and h.264 video code between frames is based on the intra-frame prediction method of edge direction.It can solve that the every kind of intra prediction mode at luminance block that proposes above all calculates and the slow problem of computational speed that causes, utilize the characteristics and the interior macroblocks edge direction of the correlation of current macro and adjacent reconstructed pixel, propose a kind of edge direction of utilizing and finish method of intra-prediction fast, do not need every kind of pattern is all calculated.It utilizes the edge direction of luminance macroblock and the direction in the intra prediction mode to determine the pattern of each point fast, thereby finishes the infra-frame prediction of whole macro block.Both guarantee the quality behind the video decode, improved speed again.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes following steps:
(1) first step, use 16 * 16 patterns:
1. each pixel of 16 * 16 luminance macroblock is done edge extracting, obtain the value of a horizontal direction and the value of a vertical direction;
2. according to vertical square to value and the value of the horizontal direction direction that obtains this marginal point, can determine that in conjunction with a threshold value edge is whether on horizontal or vertical direction according to this direction, be pattern 0 if remember this point in vertical direction, remember that in the horizontal direction this point is pattern 1, otherwise preference pattern 3, and the rest may be inferred, all pixels in the computing macro block;
3. add up the sum of preference pattern 3 then, if greater than threshold value, withdraw from first step and enter second step, otherwise according to the value after the prediction in this point frame of mode computation of every bit, ask for the J value between prediction back macro block and the original block then, require to enter second step if do not satisfy threshold value,, get two infra-frame predictions of finishing this macro block that the J value is little if satisfy again by the DC mode computation and obtain the J value;
(2) second steps, use 4 * 4 patterns:
4. the edge direction of each pixel of calculating according to first step obtains the value of the mode 4 * 4 of each pixel in conjunction with threshold value;
5. calculate the intra prediction value of each pixel according to the mode value of this value representative, finish whole 4 * 4 calculating and ask for the J value;
6. then according to this height piece of DC mode computation, ask the 3. gained J value comparison of J value and step equally, smaller Forecasting Methodology is final Forecasting Methodology.
The method of the edge extracting in the said method is chosen can the generation level, the value of vertical both direction, and such as the sobel operator, Fig. 3 promptly is the method according to the model selection of sobel operator.Level value that operator calculates and vertical value direction have been represented the difference of this pixel at level and vertical direction and neighbor, and two values on the vertical and horizontal direction have promptly been represented two vectors, can obtain the direction of marginal point according to these two vectors.See that again which in 16 * 16 or 4 * 4 patterns be this direction meet.Because intra prediction mode has directivity, so add up the pattern that each pixel is fit to according to this direction.
The purpose of statistical model 3 is in order to obtain the number of non-level and vertical direction marginal point in the first step, and this value size has reflected the complexity of macro block inward flange situation to a certain extent, if the high macro block of complexity just selects 4 * 4 patterns to do thinner processing.
Intra prediction mode in h.264 is the calculating to monoblock at piece.The computational methods that respectively corresponding every kind of pattern is arranged for each pixel, the present invention determines the pattern (not comprising the DC pattern) that is fit to of each pixel according to the direction of each pixel, use the computational methods of this position pixel of method of this pattern correspondence, the present invention has been applied to pattern on the pixel.
The DC pattern is a kind of candidate pattern, all will relatively get the final method of the reasonable a kind of conduct of effect with the DC pattern by the computational methods at edge.
The concrete steps of the brightness of I frame partly being carried out infra-frame prediction are:
(1) the present frame luminance pixel is divided into 16 * 16 macro block;
Whether (2) detect the left side and top macro block available, if unavailable then neighbor is filled with 128, individual element in the macro block is done edge extracting according to the sobel operator obtain level and vertical two values, ask sobel_y/sobel_x (ratio of vertical direction and horizontal direction), and table look-up (first table among Fig. 3) sees whether can obtain corresponding pattern, if can not preference pattern 3, write down pattern 0 or pattern 1 or the mode 3 chosen, add up the pattern of complete each pixel of macro block like this; Add up the number of mode 3 in all pixels, if greater than threshold value t_16 * 16, directly enter next step, otherwise calculate the intra prediction value of this point, until finishing whole macro block according to the corresponding modes of each pixel, the calculation rate distortion value, if, enter next step greater than threshold value t_J16 * 16, otherwise according to the J value of the whole macro block of DC mode computation, with the J value of calculating by edge direction relatively, get that minimum pattern as final pattern;
(3) if 16 * 16 patterns are not chosen to be final pattern, again macro block is cut apart according to 4 * 4, whether 4 * 4 on the right side is available in the detection 4 * 4, unavailablely then fill end one deck with 128, the sobel_y/sobel_x value of trying to achieve table look-up (second table among Fig. 3) then according to previous step, obtain suitable mode value, according to whole 4 * 4 J value of the mode computation of each pixel, again according to the J value of 4 * 4 of DC mode computation, get that smaller pattern of two J values as current 4 * 4 pattern, the rest may be inferred finishes all model selections of 4 * 4;
(4) finish the infra-frame prediction of all macro blocks according to top method.
The present invention was divided into for two steps, and the first step is at 16 * 16 patterns, and had provided the condition of this pattern as final pattern, needn't carry out the calculating of 4 * 4 patterns again, had reduced the complexity of calculating.Because The present invention be directed to a little, so needn't do the calculating of each pattern to monoblock, amount of calculation reduces greatly, and at the calculating of point according to current point with on every side concern preference pattern, calculate more accurate.
Task of the present invention comes to this and finishes.
The present invention utilizes the characteristics and the interior macroblocks edge direction of the correlation of current macro and adjacent reconstructed pixel, proposes a kind of edge direction of utilizing and finishes method of intra-prediction fast.It does not need every kind of pattern is all calculated, and utilizes the edge direction of luminance macroblock and the direction in the intra prediction mode to determine the pattern of each point fast, thereby finishes the infra-frame prediction of whole macro block.Both guarantee the quality behind the video decode, improved speed again.It can be widely used in the infra-frame prediction of video code between frames.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the directional diagram of 4 * 4 patterns.
Fig. 2 shows 4 * 4 and adjacent piece pixel.
Fig. 3 is each pattern direction and decision threshold table.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1.A kind of AVS, h.264 video code between frames is consulted Fig. 1～Fig. 3 based on the intra-frame prediction method of edge direction.
Present embodiment may further comprise the steps:
(1) first step, use 16 * 16 patterns:
1. each pixel of 16 * 16 luminance macroblock is done edge extracting, obtain the value of a horizontal direction and the value of a vertical direction;
2. according to vertical square to value and the value of the horizontal direction direction that obtains this marginal point, can determine that in conjunction with a threshold value edge is whether on horizontal or vertical direction according to this direction, be pattern 0 if remember this point in vertical direction, remember that in the horizontal direction this point is pattern 1, otherwise preference pattern 3, and the rest may be inferred, all pixels in the computing macro block;
3. add up the sum of preference pattern 3 then, if greater than threshold value, withdraw from first step and enter second step, otherwise according to the value after the prediction in this point frame of mode computation of every bit, ask for the J value between prediction back macro block and the original block then, require to enter second step if do not satisfy threshold value,, get two infra-frame predictions of finishing this macro block that the J value is little if satisfy again by the DC mode computation and obtain the J value;
(2) second steps, use 4 * 4 patterns:
4. the edge direction of each pixel of calculating according to first step obtains the value of mode_4 * 4 of each pixel in conjunction with threshold value;
5. calculate the intra prediction value of each pixel according to the mode value of this value representative, finish whole 4 * 4 calculating and ask for the J value;
6. then according to this height piece of DC mode computation, ask the 3. gained J value comparison of J value and step equally, smaller Forecasting Methodology is final Forecasting Methodology.
The concrete steps of partly carrying out infra-frame prediction for the brightness of I frame are:
(1) the present frame luminance pixel is divided into 16 * 16 macro block;
Whether (2) detect the left side and top macro block available, if unavailable then neighbor is filled with 128, individual element in the macro block is done edge extracting according to the sobel operator obtain level and vertical two values, ask sobel_y/sobel_x, and look among Fig. 3 first table and see whether can obtain corresponding pattern, if can not preference pattern 3, write down pattern 0 or pattern 1 or the mode 3 chosen, add up the pattern of complete each pixel of macro block like this; Add up the number of mode 3 in all pixels, if greater than threshold value t_16 * 16, directly enter next step, otherwise calculate the intra prediction value of this point, until finishing whole macro block according to the corresponding modes of each pixel, the calculation rate distortion value, if, enter next step greater than threshold value t_J16 * 16, otherwise according to the J value of the whole macro block of DC mode computation, with the J value of calculating by edge direction relatively, get that minimum pattern as final pattern;
(3) if 16 * 16 patterns are not chosen to be final pattern, again macro block is cut apart according to 4 * 4, whether 4 * 4 on the right side is available in the detection 4 * 4, unavailablely then fill end one deck with 128, the sobel_y/sobel_x value of trying to achieve according to previous step is looked into second table among Fig. 3 then, obtain suitable mode value, according to whole 4 * 4 J value of the mode computation of each pixel, again according to the J value of 4 * 4 of DC mode computation, get that smaller pattern of two J values as current 4 * 4 pattern, the rest may be inferred finishes all model selections of 4 * 4;
(4) finish the infra-frame prediction of all macro blocks according to top method.
Present embodiment has proposed to guarantee that at h.264 waiting big deficiency of infra-frame prediction amount of calculation in the video standard precision can improve the method for predetermined speed again.It utilizes the characteristics and the interior macroblocks edge direction of the correlation of current macro and adjacent reconstructed pixel, do not need every kind of pattern is all calculated, utilize the edge direction and the direction in the intra prediction mode of luminance macroblock to determine the pattern of each point fast, thereby finish the infra-frame prediction of whole macro block.Both guarantee the quality behind the video decode, improved speed again.It can be widely used in the infra-frame prediction of video code between frames.
Claims (2)
1. AVS, h.264 video code between frames is characterized in that based on the intra-frame prediction method of edge direction it may further comprise the steps:
(1) first step, use 16 * 16 patterns:
1. each pixel of 16 * 16 luminance macroblock is done edge extracting, obtain the value of a horizontal direction and the value of a vertical direction;
2. according to vertical square to value and the value of the horizontal direction direction that obtains this marginal point, can determine that in conjunction with a threshold value edge is whether on horizontal or vertical direction according to this direction, be pattern 0 if remember this point in vertical direction, remember that in the horizontal direction this point is pattern 1, otherwise preference pattern 3, and the rest may be inferred, all pixels in the computing macro block;
3. add up the sum of preference pattern 3 then, if greater than threshold value, withdraw from first step and enter second step, otherwise according to the value after the prediction in this point frame of mode computation of every bit, ask for the J value between prediction back macro block and the original block then, require to enter second step if do not satisfy threshold value,, get two infra-frame predictions of finishing this macro block that the J value is little if satisfy again by the DC mode computation and obtain the J value;
(2) second steps, use 4 * 4 patterns:
4. the edge direction of each pixel of calculating according to first step obtains the value of mode_4 * 4 of each pixel in conjunction with threshold value;
5. calculate the intra prediction value of each pixel according to the mode value of this value representative, finish whole 4 * 4 calculating and ask for the J value;
6. then according to this height piece of DC mode computation, ask the 3. gained J value comparison of J value and step equally, smaller Forecasting Methodology is final Forecasting Methodology.
2. according to the described AVS of claim 1, h.264 video code between frames is characterized in that based on the intra-frame prediction method of edge direction the concrete steps of the brightness of I frame partly being carried out infra-frame prediction are:
(1) the present frame luminance pixel is divided into 16 * 16 macro block;
Whether (2) detect the left side and top macro block available, if unavailable then neighbor is filled with 128, individual element in the macro block is done edge extracting according to the sobel operator obtain level and vertical two values, ask sobel_y/sobel_x, and look among Fig. 3 first table and see whether can obtain corresponding pattern, if can not preference pattern 3, write down pattern 0 or pattern 1 or the mode 3 chosen, add up the pattern of complete each pixel of macro block like this; Add up the number of mode 3 in all pixels, if greater than threshold value t_16 * 16, directly enter next step, otherwise calculate the intra prediction value of this point, until finishing whole macro block according to the corresponding modes of each pixel, the calculation rate distortion value, if, enter next step greater than threshold value t_J16 * 16, otherwise according to the J value of the whole macro block of DC mode computation, with the J value of calculating by edge direction relatively, get that minimum pattern as final pattern;
(3) if 16 * 16 patterns are not chosen to be final pattern, again macro block is cut apart according to 4 * 4, whether 4 * 4 on the right side is available in the detection 4 * 4, unavailablely then fill end one deck with 128, the sobel_y/sobel_x value of trying to achieve according to previous step is looked into second table among Fig. 3 then, obtain suitable mode value, according to whole 4 * 4 J value of the mode computation of each pixel, again according to the J value of 4 * 4 of DC mode computation, get that smaller pattern of two J values as current 4 * 4 pattern, the rest may be inferred finishes all model selections of 4 * 4;
(4) finish the infra-frame prediction of all macro blocks according to top method.
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