CN1777283A - Microblock based video signal coding/decoding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a video signal encoding/decoding method based on a mini-size 8X8 data block. The characteristic is that while encoding a frame it firstly encodes brightness data according to the order of upper-to-lower and left-to-right in turn, and then encodes the two colority data of Cb and Cr in turn in same means. When encodes colority data, if adopting in-frame prediction it will not consult the coding result of brightness data, if adopting frame-to-frame prediction it can use the moment vectors of several brightness mini-size block at same space position to predict the present colority mini-size block moment vector. It also can use other method to define a moment vector for the colority mini-size block. Advantages: simple encoding method and raised compression efficiency of video signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of video coding and decoding in signal processing, and particularly relates to a video signal coding/decoding method based on microblocks.
Background
The advent of video telephones, teleconferencing systems, video on demand systems, and other systems for transmitting moving images has led to international standardization of the methods for encoding such images. H.261, H.263 and H.264, as well as MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-3, as defined by the motion Picture experts group, are compression standards for such images, some of which have been adopted by the world Standard organization. Among these standards, prediction is one of the most important techniques, and prediction methods are generally classified into intra prediction and inter prediction, and a macroblock (16 × 16 image pixel block) is a basic unit of prediction and encoding/decoding. Macroblocks, which are composed of a luminance component of a portion of the image and a color difference component spatially correlated with this portion, are in various formats, the most common format being expressed by the term 4:2:0, which means that each macroblock contains 4 luminance pixels 8 x 8, each luminance pixel being 8 bits, and 2 chrominance pixels 8 x 8, each chrominance pixel being 8 bits.
The inter-frame prediction method uses these rectangular block-sized original images (original input images), i.e., original image blocks, to perform motion estimation in a reference image (an image used as a reference in a previously encoded reconstructed frame), and obtains a best matching image block of the original image block as a prediction result. In the intra-frame prediction method, a rectangular block which is coded around a rectangular block to be coded is utilized in a current coding frame, and a predicted rectangular block obtained by predicting the rectangular block to be coded is used as a prediction result. In the h.264 video coding standard, inter-coding uses macroblock partitioning and sub-partitioning methods of different sizes, and supports 7 inter-coding modes of different macroblock sizes, i.e., each macroblock can be partitioned according to 16 pixels by 16 pixels, 16 pixels by 8 pixels, 8 pixels by 16 pixels, and 8 pixels by 8 pixels, and if the macroblock mode of 8 pixels by 8 pixels is selected, macroblock sub-partitioning can be performed according to 8 pixels by 4 pixels, 4 pixels by 8 pixels, or 4 pixels by 4 pixels. During encoding, the encoder performs motion search on each possible macroblock mode, calculates the cost of each possible macroblock mode, and then finds the macroblock mode with the smallest cost. For intra-frame coding, the macroblock modes are more, so that the block neighborhood relation and intra-frame prediction and coding and decoding become complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a video signal coding/decoding method based on micro-blocks, which aims to overcome the defect of complexity of the existing intra-frame coding/decoding. The invention utilizes the characteristics of the micro-block and combines coding methods such as 8 multiplied by 8 and 4 multiplied by 4 adaptive transformation, context-based arithmetic coding, multi-reference frame prediction, frame field adaptation, sub-pixel interpolation, adaptive interpolation filter and the like, thereby effectively improving the compression efficiency of video signals.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a video signal coding/decoding method based on micro-block is characterized in that the micro-block is an 8 x 8 data block, the 8 x 8 data block corresponds to a pixel square of 8 pixels x 8 pixels on an image;
the encoding/decoding method comprises the steps of encoding and decoding microblocks with brightness data in each frame; wherein,
when in coding: firstly, coding luminance data, and sequentially coding the luminance data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro-block as a unit; if the micro-block has chroma data, sequentially coding the chroma data with two chroma Cb and Cr, and sequentially coding the chroma data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking the micro-block as a unit;
and (3) decoding: firstly, decoding luminance data, and sequentially decoding the luminance data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro block as a unit; if the frame contains chroma data, sequentially decoding the data of two chroma Cb and Cr, and sequentially decoding the data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro-block as a unit;
in the above method for encoding/decoding a video signal based on a micro-block, the 8 × 8 data block is chrominance data and/or luminance data.
The above-mentioned a video signal encoding/decoding method based on micro-blocks, wherein,
the brightness coding comprises the following steps:
(1) determining whether a prediction mode of a current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
(2) determining a segmentation mode of the current micro-block, and segmenting the current micro-block into one, two or four sub-blocks according to the determined segmentation mode;
(3) if the intra prediction mode is determined, determining the intra prediction mode for each block; if the prediction is the inter prediction, determining a motion vector for each block;
(4) transforming the prediction residual;
(5) quantizing the transform coefficients;
(6) entropy coding the partition mode, the prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
(7) and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until all the luminance micro-blocks are coded.
The above-mentioned a video signal encoding/decoding method based on micro-blocks, wherein,
the chroma encoding includes encoding of two chroma components, including the steps of:
(1) determining whether a prediction mode of a current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
(2) determining a segmentation mode of the current micro-block, and segmenting the current micro-block into one, two or four sub-blocks according to the determined segmentation mode;
(3) if the intra prediction mode is determined, determining the intra prediction mode for each block; if the prediction is the inter prediction, determining a motion vector for each block;
(4) transforming the prediction residual:
(5) quantizing the transform coefficients;
(6) entropy coding the partition mode, the prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
(7) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until all the micro blocks complete the coding of the first chroma component;
(8) repeating the steps (1) to (7) once to finish the second chroma component coding.
In the method for encoding/decoding a video signal based on a macroblock, the partition mode of the current macroblock is determined as 8 × 8, 8 × 4, 4 × 8 or 4 × 4 in the luminance encoding step (2) and the chrominance encoding step (2).
The above-mentioned a video signal encoding/decoding method based on micro-blocks, wherein,
the luminance decoding comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out variable length code decoding or arithmetic decoding on the micro-block to obtain data comprising a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, a prediction mode or a motion vector and a quantized transformation coefficient;
(2) calculating a predicted value according to the prediction mode or the motion vector obtained in the step (1);
(3) performing inverse quantization and inverse transformation according to the predicted value in the step (2) and calculating a residual value;
(4) adding the predicted value and the residual value obtained in the steps (2) and (3) to obtain a value of a decoding micro-block;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until all luminance microblocks are decoded.
The above-mentioned a video signal encoding/decoding method based on micro-blocks, wherein,
the chroma decoding comprises decoding two chroma components, and comprises the following steps:
(1) performing variable length code decoding or arithmetic decoding to obtain data including a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, a prediction mode or a motion vector and a quantized transform coefficient;
(2) calculating a predicted value according to the prediction mode or the motion vector obtained in the step (1);
(3) performing inverse quantization and inverse transformation according to the predicted value obtained in the step (2), and calculating a residual value;
(4) adding the predicted value and the residual value obtained in the steps (2) and (3) to obtain a value of the decoded micro block;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the first chrominance components of all the chrominance microblocks are decoded;
(6) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the second chrominance components of all the chrominance microblocks are decoded.
In the method for encoding/decoding a video signal based on a macroblock, when encoding a frame, the macroblock may be further divided into three modes, i.e., 8 × 4, 4 × 8, and 4 × 4, for encoding luminance data, whether intra prediction or inter prediction; when encoding chroma data, whether intra-prediction or inter-prediction, the microblocks are not further divided.
In the above method for encoding/decoding a video signal based on microblocks, if the chroma data is encoded by intra prediction, the encoding result of the luma data is not referred to; in case of inter prediction, the motion vector of the current chroma microblock is predicted using the motion vectors of several luma microblocks that are spatially identical, or a motion vector is transmitted separately for the chroma microblocks or a difference component is transmitted.
Drawings
The specific characteristic features of the present invention are further described by the following embodiments and the drawings thereof.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame data structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of one of the microblocks of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of one embodiment of an encoding process of the microblock-based encoding method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a decoding process of the microblock-based encoding method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame data structure, and fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a micro block in the frame. The microblock 100 according to the present invention is obtained by dividing the data in the frame into blocks of 8 × 8 luma or chroma sampling data, where the 8 × 8 data blocks correspond to 8 × 8 pixel blocks on the image.
The invention relates to a coding/decoding method based on micro-blocks. When a frame is coded, firstly, coding luminance data, and sequentially coding the luminance data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro-block as a unit; if the chroma data exists, the data of the two chroma Cb and Cr are coded in sequence, and the data are also coded in sequence from top to bottom and from left to right by taking the micro-block as a unit. When encoding luminance data, whether intra prediction or inter prediction, a macroblock can be further divided into three modes, i.e., 8 × 4, 4 × 8, and 4 × 4. When encoding chroma data, whether intra-prediction or inter-prediction, the microblocks are not further divided. When encoding chroma data, if the chroma data is intra-frame prediction, the encoding result of the brightness data is not referred to; if the prediction is inter-frame prediction, the motion vector of the current chroma microblock can be predicted by using the motion vectors of several luma microblocks with the same spatial position, and a motion vector can be transmitted for the chroma microblock separately or a difference component can be transmitted. The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the figures 3 and 4 and specific embodiments.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of one embodiment of an encoding process of the microblock-based encoding method of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment includes the steps of:
1) the macroblock is used as a prediction basic unit, and may be luminance data or chrominance data.
2) Performing luminance encoding, comprising the steps of:
(1) determining a prediction mode of the current micro block, namely intra prediction or inter prediction;
(2) determining a segmentation mode of the current micro-block, i.e. 8 × 8, 8 × 4, 4 × 8 or 4 × 4:
(3) if intra prediction, an intra prediction mode is determined for each partition. For example, one prediction mode with the best prediction effect can be selected from 5 intra-frame prediction modes such as direct current prediction, vertical prediction, horizontal prediction, and positive and negative 45-degree two-direction prediction as the prediction mode of the block; in the case of inter prediction, a motion vector is determined for each partition. For example, a full search method can be adopted to search in a 48 × 48 pixel range, the precision is one-fourth pixel, and the interpolation of a position which matches best and the position of the block is used as the motion vector of the block;
(4) the prediction residual is transformed. For example, 8 × 8DCT can be employed;
(5) the transform coefficients are quantized. The quantization can be divided into 64 quantization levels, and one quantization level or a designated quantization level is selected for quantization according to the requirement of a code rate;
(6) entropy coding is carried out on the partition mode, the prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transformation coefficient, wherein the entropy coding can adopt a variable length code table or arithmetic coding;
(7) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until all the luminance micro-blocks are encoded;
3) performing chroma encoding, comprising the steps of:
(1) determining a prediction mode of the current micro block, namely intra prediction or inter prediction;
(2) determining a segmentation mode of the current micro-block, i.e. 8 × 8, 8 × 4, 4 × 8 or 4 × 4:
(3) if the prediction mode is intra-frame prediction, determining an intra-frame prediction mode; if inter prediction, a motion vector is determined. For example, one prediction mode with the best prediction effect can be selected from 5 intra-frame prediction modes such as direct current prediction, vertical prediction, horizontal prediction, and positive and negative 45-degree two-direction prediction as the prediction mode of the block; in the case of inter prediction, a motion vector is determined for each partition. For example, a full search method can be adopted to search in a 48 × 48 pixel range, the precision is one-fourth pixel, and the interpolation of a position which matches best and the position of the block is used as the motion vector of the block;
(4) the prediction residual is transformed. For example, 8 × 8DCT can be employed;
(5) quantizing the transform coefficients;
(6) entropy coding is carried out on the partition mode, the prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transformation coefficient, wherein the entropy coding can adopt a variable length code table or arithmetic coding;
(7) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until all the micro blocks are coded;
(8) repeating the steps (1) to (7) once to finish the second chroma component coding;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the decoding process of the microblock-based encoding method of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment includes the steps of:
1) luminance decoding
Performing variable length code decoding or arithmetic decoding to obtain a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, a prediction mode or a motion vector, a quantized transform coefficient and the like;
calculating a prediction value according to the prediction mode or the motion vector;
(3) carrying out inverse quantization and inverse transformation, and calculating residual values;
(4) adding the predicted value and the residual value to obtain a value of the decoded micro block;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until all luminance tiles are decoded;
2) chroma decoding:
performing variable length code decoding or arithmetic decoding (a specific algorithm is determined by a coding end) to obtain a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, a prediction mode or a motion vector, a quantized transform coefficient and the like;
calculating a predicted value according to the prediction mode or the motion vector, wherein a specific algorithm is determined by a coding end;
carrying out inverse quantization and inverse transformation, and calculating residual values, wherein a specific algorithm is determined by a coding end;
adding the predicted value and the residual value to obtain a value of the decoded micro block;
repeating the steps (1) to (4) until all the chroma microblocks are decoded.
The invention uses the characteristics of the micro-block to simplify the coding and decoding method and effectively improve the compression efficiency of the video signal.
Claims (9)
1. A video signal coding/decoding method based on micro-block is characterized in that the micro-block is an 8 x 8 data block, the 8 x 8 data block corresponds to a pixel square of 8 pixels x 8 pixels on an image;
the encoding/decoding method comprises the steps of encoding and decoding the micro-block of the brightness data in each frame, and if the frame contains chroma data, sequentially encoding and decoding the micro-blocks of two chroma Cb and Cr; wherein,
when in coding: firstly, encoding brightness data, and sequentially encoding the brightness data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro-block as a unit; if the frame contains chroma data, sequentially coding the data of two chroma Cb and Cr, and sequentially coding the data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro-block as a unit;
and (3) decoding: firstly, decoding luminance data, and sequentially decoding the luminance data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro block as a unit; if the frame contains chroma data, sequentially decoding the data of two chroma Cb and Cr, and sequentially decoding the data from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro-block as a unit;
2. a macroblock as defined in claim 1, wherein the 8 x 8 data block is either luma data or chroma Cb or Cr data, but does not contain both luma data and chroma data, nor both chroma Cb and Cr data.
3. A method for coding/decoding a video signal based on micro-blocks according to claim 1,
the brightness coding comprises the following steps:
(1) determining whether a prediction mode of a current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
(2) determining a segmentation mode of the current micro-block, and segmenting the current micro-block into one, two or four sub-blocks according to the determined segmentation mode;
(3) if the intra prediction mode is determined, determining the intra prediction mode for each block; if the prediction is the inter prediction, determining a motion vector for each block;
(4) transforming the prediction residual;
(5) quantizing the transform coefficients;
(6) entropy coding the partition mode, the prediction mode, the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
(7) and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until all the luminance micro-blocks are coded.
4. A method for coding/decoding a video signal based on micro-blocks according to claim 1,
the chroma encoding includes encoding of two chroma components, including the steps of:
(1) determining whether a prediction mode of a current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
(2) determining a segmentation mode of the current micro-block, and segmenting the current micro-block into one, two or four sub-blocks according to the determined segmentation mode;
(3) if the intra prediction mode is determined, determining the intra prediction mode for each block; if the prediction is the inter prediction, determining a motion vector for each block;
(4) transforming the prediction residual:
(5) quantizing the transform coefficients;
(6) entropy coding the partition mode, the prediction mode, the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
(7) repeating the steps (1) to (6) until all the micro blocks complete the coding of the first chroma component;
(8) repeating the steps (1) to (7) once to finish the second chroma component coding.
5. A method for encoding/decoding a macroblock-based video signal as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the luminance encoding step (2) and the chrominance encoding step (2) determine the current macroblock partition mode to be 8 x 8, 8 x 4, 4 x 8 or 4 x 4 mode.
6. A method for coding/decoding a video signal based on micro-blocks according to claim 1,
the luminance decoding comprises the following steps:
(1) entropy decoding the micro-block to obtain data comprising a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, a prediction mode or a motion vector and a quantized transform coefficient;
(2) calculating a predicted value according to the prediction mode and the motion vector obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying out inverse quantization and inverse transformation according to the transformation coefficient obtained in the step (1), and calculating a residual value;
(4) adding the predicted value and the residual value obtained in the steps (2) and (3) to obtain a value of a decoding micro-block;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until all luminance microblocks are decoded.
7. A method for coding/decoding a video signal based on micro-blocks according to claim 1,
the chroma decoding comprises decoding two chroma components, and comprises the following steps:
(1) entropy decoding is carried out to obtain data comprising a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, a prediction mode, a motion vector and a quantized transformation coefficient;
(2) calculating a predicted value according to the prediction mode or the motion vector obtained in the step (1);
(3) carrying out inverse quantization and inverse transformation according to the transformation coefficient obtained in the step (1), and calculating a residual value;
(4) adding the predicted value and the residual value obtained in the steps (2) and (3) to obtain a value of the decoded micro block;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until all the tiles of the first chroma of the decoded frame are decoded;
(6) repeating the steps (1) to (4) until all the tiles of the second chroma of the decoded frame are decoded.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein when encoding a frame, the microblock is further divided into three modes, i.e., 8 × 4, 4 × 8 and 4 × 4, for encoding luminance data, whether intra-frame prediction or inter-frame prediction; when encoding chroma data, whether intra-prediction or inter-prediction, the microblocks are not further divided.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said chroma data is encoded without referring to the result of encoding the luma data if it is intra-prediction; in case of inter prediction, the motion vector of the current chroma microblock is predicted using the motion vectors of several luma microblocks that are spatially identical, or a motion vector is transmitted separately for the chroma microblocks or a difference component is transmitted.
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