CN109688414B - VVC intra-frame coding unit candidate prediction mode reduction and block division early termination method - Google Patents
VVC intra-frame coding unit candidate prediction mode reduction and block division early termination method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing candidate prediction modes of VVC intra-frame coding units and terminating block division in advance, which utilizes the characteristic of image texture complexity, reduces the candidate modes of the intra-frame coding units of image blocks in advance by analyzing the relationship between the texture complexity of an image and the number of non-0 coefficients of an image pixel value after DCT (discrete cosine transformation), and reduces the calculation complexity of mode selection. And the downward recursion division of the intra-frame coding unit block is terminated in advance by analyzing the number of the non-0 coefficients of the image pixel values after DCT transformation, the difference of texture complexity among the four sub-blocks of the image and the relation between the optimal division size of the intra-frame coding unit block. The method can effectively reduce the number of the candidate modes of the VVC intra-frame coding unit and avoid additional calculation for searching the optimal division size of the coding block, thereby reducing the complexity of the VVC coder, effectively reducing the time complexity of the VVC coder and improving the coding speed on the premise of hardly influencing the video coding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of multifunctional Video Coding (VVC), and more particularly, to a technique for reducing a prediction mode of an intra Coding unit and for early terminating block partitioning in a VVC.
Background
In recent years, with the development of fire and heat in VR technology and the popularity of VR devices, consumers have more urgent needs for watching 360-degree panoramic videos. The popular 360-degree panoramic video is greatly different from the traditional two-dimensional video. Taking the most popular isometric Projection (ERP) format at present as an example, the resolution and frame rate are generally much higher than those of ordinary video, and the Projection format is also special. These characteristics all make the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) of the previous generation feel careless when processing a 360-degree panoramic Video, and it is difficult to obtain a good Coding effect. Therefore, in response to this problem, the Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) of the international telecommunication union jointly developed the latest Video Coding standard, the multifunctional Video Coding standard (VVC). Compared with HEVC, the method has many aspects of improvement, for example, a quad-Binary Tree (quad Tree) coding unit partition model is introduced on the basis of a quad Tree coding unit partition model of HEVC, so that the method can adapt to more complex image textures and improve coding efficiency. Meanwhile, candidate prediction modes are also increased from 35 to 67 in HEVC in the process of intra-frame prediction, which is specifically shown in document 1 (JVT-1001, J.Chen, E.Alshina, G.Sullivan, J.Ohm, J.Boyce, algorithm Description of Joint expression Test Model 7 (JEM 7), torino, italy, july 2017.). These newly introduced techniques all lead to a significant increase in the coding efficiency of VVC over HEVC, but also introduce extremely high temporal complexity.
The process of intraframe coding of the general test platform JEM7.0 of VVC is as follows: firstly, calculating the current Largest Coding Unit (LCU) from depth 0 to depth 4, calculating different Coding Unit sizes and all prediction modes (67 kinds including Planar, DC and 65 angle modes) layer by layer, and determining the optimal intra-frame Coding Unit size and the optimal intra-frame prediction mode according to a rate-distortion cost criterion. And for each layer, sequentially carrying out a first round of rate distortion cost check on a current coding unit under a corresponding coding size, selecting a candidate prediction mode containing an optimal intra-frame prediction mode, then carrying out actual coding on the candidate mode selected in the previous round, and selecting a final optimal mode according to a coding effect. Some researchers have optimized VVC intra-frame coding complexity and achieved certain effects, for example, document 2 (y.wang, y.li, d.yang and z.chen, "a fast intra-prediction algorithm for 360-degree accuracy coding video, 2017IEEE Visual Communication and Image Processing (VCIP), st.petersburg, FL, pp.1-4, 2017) proposes a fast intra-frame coding algorithm based on combination of depth information and mode (MPM). Document 3 (s.park and e.s.jang, "An Efficient Motion Estimation Method for QTBT Structure in jvt Future Video Coding,"2017Data Compression reference (DCC), snowbird, UT, pp.454-454, 2017.) optimizes the Coding Structure of QTBT. Document 4 (m.jiang, s.li, n.ling, j.zheng and p.zhang, "On deviation of Most basic Modes for Intra Prediction in Video Coding,"2018IEEE International Symposium On Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), florence, italy, pp.1-4, 2018.) proposes a new case-based multi-candidate list method to better utilize neighboring block information to find MPM to optimize temporal complexity of Intra Coding.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a VVC intra coding unit candidate prediction mode and a block division early termination method.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is characterized in that:
a VVC intra-coding unit candidate prediction mode and block partition early termination method is characterized by being summarized into two steps:
step one, when the prediction mode of the intra-frame coding unit is selected, firstly, DCT transformation is carried out on the brightness component in the original pixel value of all the coding units with the depth larger than 1, and then the number N of the non-0 coefficients after the DCT transformation is counted DCT If N is present DCT And if the optimal coding mode of the coding unit is smaller than the given threshold, the optimal coding mode of the coding unit is considered to be one of Planar or DC. The rate-distortion cost check of the original encoder can be skipped at this time, and the candidate prediction modes can be directly set to Planar and DC. Otherwise, the prediction is continued according to the standard flow of VVC. And then, continuously judging the texture direction of the image block to be coded, and if the texture direction of the image is judged to be horizontal or vertical, correspondingly adding the intra-frame prediction mode 18 or the mode 50 into the candidate prediction mode.
Step two, when the block division decision is carried out, the decision is only carried out on two coding sizes of 32x32 and 16x16, firstly DCT transformation is carried out on the image block to be coded, and then the number N of the transformed non-0 coefficients is counted DCT If N is present DCT Less than the given threshold, the calculation continues with the difference between the absolute values of the standard deviation of the pixel values of each small block after the current coding block has been divided into 4 smaller sub-blocks. In which the absolute value of the standard deviation is smallestIs recorded as SD min Maximum is denoted as SD max . Multiple of absolute standard deviation SD Times The calculation formula of (c) is as follows.
If SD Times And is less than the given threshold, then the partition size of the current coding unit is considered to be optimal, at which point the continued downward partitioning of the current coding unit is stopped, otherwise, the downward partitioning is continued according to the standard flow of VVC.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention analyzes the optimal prediction mode distribution of the coding unit by utilizing the texture characteristics of the image, reduces the range of the intra-frame prediction candidate mode and ensures the accuracy of prediction.
2. The invention utilizes the texture characteristic of the image and the influence of the texture characteristic on the optimal coding size, and quickly stops the recursive division of the coding unit by analyzing the difference of the texture complexity and the sub-block texture complexity.
3. The invention comprehensively considers the characteristics of the VVC video sequence, can effectively reduce the candidate prediction mode of the CU and the fast and optimal division size, thereby obviously improving the coding efficiency in the VVC frame and reducing the complexity of the coder under the condition of almost not losing the coding quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the accuracy of determining the direction of image texture in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a relationship between the number of non-0 coefficients after DCT is performed on the coding block and whether to continue dividing in embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is the final experimental results of example 1 and compared to a standard algorithm.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a VVC intra coding unit candidate prediction mode reduction and block partitioning early termination algorithm.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
examples
The main idea of the invention is to utilize the relationship between the texture complexity of the image to be coded and the optimal coding mode of the intra-frame coding unit to quickly decide the candidate mode; and quickly deciding the optimal division size of the image block to be coded according to the relationship between the difference of the complexity of the textures in the image block to be coded and the optimal coding size of the image block to be coded. The time complexity of the VVC encoder is reduced by both of these optimizations. All test video sequences used in the embodiment of the invention are 4K videos (resolution: 3840x 1920), original videos are in mp4 format and are used after being processed into YUV420 format, and the videos come from (http:// zy. Dmgeek. Com/c/vrshipin).
The method firstly counts the accuracy of judging the texture direction under different coding block sizes, and the statistical result is shown in figure 1. It can be seen that the accuracy is over 91% at each size, and the accuracy in the horizontal and vertical directions is 94.5% and 96.25%, respectively, which indicates that the algorithm for image texture direction determination used in the present invention is effective and has high accuracy. Meanwhile, under the size of 32x32 of each to-be-coded sequence, the proportion of the non-0 coefficients and the continuous downward division of the original pixel values of each coding unit after the DCT transformation is counted, and it can be seen that when the number of the non-0 coefficients is less than 800, 98.9% of the coding units are selected not to be continuously divided downward, and the number of the part accounts for 38% of the average proportion of the whole, and the statistical result is shown in fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the number of non-0 coefficients after DCT transformation and the downward division of a coding unit of 32 × 32 size for each sequence, and the percentage of the number of the part in the total coding unit. This shows that there is strong correlation between the non-0 coefficient after DCT transformation and the block division, and the number of this part also occupies a certain proportion in the total coding unit, and it can be predicted in advance whether the coding unit continues to be divided down according to this relation.
The invention is further explained based on the technical scheme idea of the invention and by combining the flow chart shown in the attached figure 4.
Step 1: general test platform JEM7.0 based on VVC. After starting to encode an LCU, the current CU is addressed. Firstly, judging the depth of the image, if the depth is larger than 1, turning to the step 2, otherwise, turning to the step 4.
And 2, step: obtaining an original pixel value of the current CU, performing two-dimensional DCT on the original pixel value, counting the number of non-0 coefficients after the transformation, and recording the number as N DCT . If N is present DCT Less than a given threshold value N Threshold (depth 2 size 32x32 and depth 3 size 16x16 CU, N Threshold Is 11; CU, N with depth greater than 3 Threshold 2), the intra coding candidate prediction modes are set to Planar and DC, and go to step 3, otherwise go to step 4.
And 3, step 3: continuing to judge the texture direction of the current image block, the image texture block direction is calculated and marked as BlockType using the existing algorithm disclosed in non-patent document 5 (W.Wan, J.Wu, X.Xie and G.Shi, A Novel Just not available Difference Model vision organization Regulation in DCT Domain, in IEEE Access, vol.5, pp.22953-22964, 2017.). If the BlockType is equal to 1, indicating that the texture direction of the current image block is a horizontal mode, adding a mode 18 representing a horizontal prediction direction into the intra-coding candidate prediction mode, and going to step 4. If the BlockType is equal to 2, indicating that the texture direction of the current image block is a vertical mode, adding a mode 50 representing a vertical prediction direction into the intra-coding candidate prediction mode, and going to step 4. If the BlockType does not belong to one of the above two types, the selection of the intra-coding candidate prediction mode is completed, and the step 4 is proceeded.
And 4, step 4: and continuously judging the optimal partition size of the current CU. If N is present DCT Less than a given threshold DCT of whether to continue partitioning Threshold (size 32x32 CU, DCT Threshold =800; size 16x16 CU, DCT Threshold = 200), then go to step 5, otherwise it is considered that it is necessary to continue to recursively find the optimal partition size down and go to step 6.
And 5: and judging the difference of the texture complexity between the current image block to be coded and the four sub-blocks with the same size divided by recursion. And (5) counting the absolute value of the standard deviation of the original pixel value of each sub-block. The largest of them is denoted as SD max Minimum is denoted as SD min . And calculating the ratio SD of the maximum value to the minimum value Times . If less than a given thresholdValue SD Threshold (size 32x32 CU, SD Threshold =20; size 16 × 16 CU, SD Threshold = 25). Stopping the recursive downward partitioning of the current CU, and turning to step 6, otherwise, considering that the downward recursive search of the optimal partition size is continued and turning to step 6.
Step 6: and continuing to downwards process according to the VVC standard flow, and ending the current LCU coding.
And finally, verifying the rapid algorithm provided by the invention based on a JEM platform, and comparing the rapid algorithm with a standard algorithm. It can be seen that, without substantial loss of coding efficiency, an average coding time saving of 49.761% is achieved, and the statistical results are shown in fig. 3.
Claims (1)
1. A VVC intra-coding unit candidate prediction mode and block partition early termination method is characterized by being summarized into two steps:
step one, when the prediction mode of the intra-frame coding unit is selected, firstly, DCT transformation is carried out on the brightness component in the original pixel value of all the coding units with the depth larger than 1, and then the number N of the non-0 coefficients after the DCT transformation is counted DCT If N is present DCT Less than a given threshold, then the optimal coding mode of the coding unit is considered to be one of Planar or DC; at this time, the rate distortion cost check of the original encoder can be skipped, and the candidate prediction modes are directly set as Planar and DC; otherwise, continuing prediction according to the standard flow of the VVC; continuing to judge the texture direction of the image block to be coded, and if the texture direction of the image is judged to be horizontal or vertical, correspondingly adding the intra-frame prediction mode 18 or the mode 50 into the candidate prediction mode;
step two, when the block division decision is carried out, the decision is only carried out on two coding sizes of 32x32 and 16x16, firstly DCT transformation is carried out on the image block to be coded, and then the number N of the transformed non-0 coefficients is counted DCT If N is present DCT If the difference is smaller than the given threshold value, the difference between the absolute values of the standard deviation of the pixel values of each small block is calculated after the current coding block is divided into 4 smaller sub-blocks; wherein the standardThe difference with the smallest absolute value is recorded as SD min Maximum is denoted as SD max (ii) a Multiple of absolute standard deviation SD Times The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
if SD Times And if the current partition size is smaller than the given threshold, the partition size of the current coding unit is considered to be optimal, the continuous downward partition of the current coding unit is stopped, and otherwise, the downward partition is continued according to the standard flow of VVC.
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