CN1758932A - 确定三维物体的几何形状和尺寸 - Google Patents

确定三维物体的几何形状和尺寸 Download PDF

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CN1758932A
CN1758932A CNA2004800062712A CN200480006271A CN1758932A CN 1758932 A CN1758932 A CN 1758932A CN A2004800062712 A CNA2004800062712 A CN A2004800062712A CN 200480006271 A CN200480006271 A CN 200480006271A CN 1758932 A CN1758932 A CN 1758932A
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tube chamber
assembly
size
section
imaging
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M·W·马斯特斯
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Sivantos Inc
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Siemens Hearing Instruments Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1076Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions inside body cavities, e.g. using catheters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1077Measuring of profiles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/026Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring distance between sensor and object
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/028Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness by measuring lateral position of a boundary of the object
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/227Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for ears, i.e. otoscopes

Abstract

设在固定的已知几何形状和尺寸的管腔内的测距或成象组件的输出可提供数据,其足以确定物体如耳道的三维几何形状和尺寸。可通过测量或成象处理已知几何形状和尺寸的物体,来预先确定或测得管腔的几何形状和尺寸。

Description

确定三维物体的几何形状和尺寸
本发明的背景和概要
部分地或全部地处于使用者耳道内的听觉器具要求有可舒适地插入和保持在耳道内的壳体。当前,采用各种劳动密集型技术如蜡模来获得耳道的三维几何形状。在用来制造听觉器具的壳体的快速原型和制造技术应用越来越增多时,最需要一种电子扫描技术,其能够直接产生耳道和任何所需周围结构的数字表象或者外耳本身的表象。
耳道和外耳的这种数字表象可通过这样的一种装置来得到,其具有在已知几何形状和尺寸的管腔内移动的柔性测距或成象组件,例如成象导管或内窥镜单元。将该装置插入耳道中,然后在组件于装置内轴向地和可能旋转地重新定位时,执行一系列测量或成象处理。该组件的输出为一组距离,其与管腔的几何形状和尺寸相关联,以便重新构建扫描区域的几何形状。
附图简介
图1是耳朵和耳道以及插入其中的用于确定周围几何形状和尺寸的装置的图;
图2是带有插入其中的装置的耳道的截面图;
图3是装置以及用于确定装置的管腔的三维几何形状和尺寸的器件的图;和
图4是可产生物体如牙齿的三维表象的装置的图。
本发明的描述
耳朵和耳道100的横截面显示于图1中。具有已知和固定的几何形状和尺寸的管腔220的装置200设在耳道100中,它的尖端210几乎到达耳膜110。装置200可以由光学上透明的、刚性或半刚性的生物相容性材料如聚碳酸酯制成。测距或成象组件300如成象导管或内窥镜单元(以下称为“成象组件300”)插入管腔220中,并在管腔220内穿过。除了轴向的运动自由度之外,成象组件300也可在管腔220中旋转。
采用例如通过引用而结合于本文中的美国专利No.6134003中所述的方法和装置,成象组件300可执行测量或成象功能,从而产生与从组件尖端310(测量点)至耳道100的内壁120上的点400(见图2)的距离成比例的输出。由于管腔220的几何形状和尺寸以及组件尖端310在管腔220内的位置是已知的,因此点400相对于尖端310的位置可从组件300的输出中确定。
为了重新构建耳道100的几何形状和尺寸,要求有沿着内壁120的长度的一组点。如果需要,该处理可继续进入耳朵的外耳或碗腔(bowl)150,即耳朵的位于耳道100外侧的部分。参见图2,组件300的尖端310显示为处于离装置尖端210有一定距离的位置。在给定如图所示的组件300的特定旋转方位时,成象组件300可测量(或成象)至耳道100的内壁120上的点400的距离。如果旋转成象组件300,就会围绕内壁120产生一系列点410。可以注意到,包括这一系列点410的点400不必限定封闭的路径,相反,如果成象组件300在其旋转的同时被抽出,则路径410将为螺旋形。
成象组件300可采用超声波、光学相干层析成象或者任何其它合适的技术,用来确定从组件300至耳道100的内壁120的距离。在同样通过引用而结合于本文中的美国专利No.6134003和No.5830145中所述的导管适用于成象组件300中。
通过在每次测量或成象处理之后将成象组件300重新定位于管腔220内,来获得用于整个耳道100以及可选的外耳150的至少一部分的成组数据点。这种重新定位可通过在每次测量之后使成象组件300轴向运动以及可能还使成象组件300旋转来实现。组件300可连续地或者步进式地拉出管腔220之外,从而产生片式的或螺旋形的数据。所测量的或成象的点的数量将决定所达到的分辨率,可以利用插入法来使数据平滑化以及提供连续的表面。
来自成象组件300的原始数据是沿着管腔220的长度在许多点处正交地测得的从尖端310至内壁120的距离。当成象组件300的旋转定位与管腔220的之前已知的三维几何形状和尺寸(因此组件尖端310在管腔220内任意点处的相对位置)相结合时,各距离测量值就可转化成空间中的点(即在xyz坐标中或任何其它合适的坐标系统中,原点可以为装置尖端210)。可以人工地或者借助于计算机程序的帮助来进行转换。
可对所得点的数据进行处理,以便除去非正常值和其它非所需的信息如噪声。余下的数据可如所需地完全或部分地代表耳道、外耳和其它解剖学组织的三维图象。这些数据又可提供给速成原型法,其例如在2001年6月22日提交的美国专利申请No.09/887939中进行介绍,该申请通过引用而结合于本文中。
装置200可具有圆形横截面,并可以各种尺寸和形状来提供以便适于不同的耳朵。尖端210可以是封闭的或开口的,管腔220可具有直的、弯的、螺旋形的或弯曲的(圆形的、椭圆形的、抛物线或其它形状的)截面。另外,装置200本身(提供了用于管腔220的构架)可具有直的、弯的、螺旋形的或弯曲的(圆形的、椭圆形的、抛物线或其它形状的)截面,其仿效管腔220的形状。
装置200可由成形为用于病人耳朵的半刚性材料来制成,而不是采用刚性材料来用于装置200。同样,装置200可具有一个以上的管腔220,从而允许它带有一个以上的成象组件300。
可通过测量或成象处理已知尺寸的物体,来确定管腔220的三维几何形状和尺寸。例如,耳道和相邻外耳可被分别近似成为圆柱体和连接在其上的锥体(截锥)。这种物体500如图3所示。由于物体500表面上的点可通过利用成象组件300的距离和径向定位来进行逆向处理而被定义为一组预定的xyz坐标,因此就可确定管腔220的几何形状和尺寸。
在管腔220的形状既定时,如果成象组件300旋转了完全360°并且继续在该区域内进行测量或成象,则可产生用于管腔220的螺旋部分240内的点的数据。在这种情况下,可以丢弃螺旋部分240内的那些数据点。作为备选,在预定的旋转弧之外或者在反射不连续的情况下,可以停止数据的收集,成象组件300所检测的反射穿过并反射离开耳朵(耳朵的位于耳道100外面的那部分)的外耳或碗腔150时,就会出现这种反射不连续情况。作为另一备选,组件300可以只旋转完全360°的一部分。
确定几何形状和尺寸的该方法可用于任何物体中。在给出用于测量的一组已知点之后,就可以确定物体的三维几何形状和尺寸。在上述耳道的情形下,这组已知点通过已知几何形状和尺寸的管腔220来获得。如果给出了包含用于保持和引导测距或成象组件的通道或管腔的合适器件或装置,那么也可对其它物体如牙齿进行测量或成象。这种装置600的部分横截面如图4所示。该装置设有用来对牙齿的半圆形排列的两侧进行测量或成象处理的两个组件610。

Claims (15)

1.一种装置,其包括:
已知的固定几何形状和尺寸的至少一个管腔;和
在所述管腔内移动的测距或成象组件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述组件具有轴向的和旋转的运动自由度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述组件包括成象导管或内窥镜单元。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述管腔的至少一部分具有直的截面、弯的截面、具有曲率的截面或者螺旋形的截面。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置的至少一部分具有直的截面、弯的截面、具有曲率的截面或者螺旋形的截面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括两个或多个管腔,各所述管腔包括在其中移动的测距或成象组件。
7.一种装置,其包括测距或成象组件在其中移动的已知的固定几何形状和尺寸的至少一个管腔。
8.一种装置,其包括:
已知的固定几何形状和尺寸的至少一个管腔,其中所述管腔的至少一部分具有直的截面、弯的截面、具有曲率的截面或者螺旋形的截面;
在所述管腔内移动的测距或成象组件;和
用于使所述组件的输出与所述管腔的已知几何形状和尺寸相关联的机构。
9.一种用于获得耳道的至少一部分的三维数字表象的方法,包括:
将装置插入所关注的区域中,该装置包括已知几何形状和尺寸的管腔,以及在其中移动的测距或成象组件;和
进行两次或多次测量或成象操作。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述进行两次或多次测量或成象操作的步骤包括将所述组件重新定位在所述管腔内。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述组件重新定位在所述装置内的所述步骤包括
使所述导管在所述管腔内轴向运动;和
选择性地使所述导管在所述管腔内旋转。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括
响应于所述进行两次或多次测量或成象操作的步骤,来产生输出;和
使所述输出与所述管腔的已知几何形状和尺寸相关联。
13.一种用于确定装置内的管腔的三维几何形状和尺寸的方法,包括:
将所述装置插入已知几何形状和尺寸的物体中,所述装置包括未知几何形状和尺寸的管腔,以及在其中移动的测距或成象组件;
从所述管腔中可旋转地抽出所述组件;
当抽出所述组件时,进行测量或成象操作;
从所述组件中产生输出,并使所述输出与所述物体的已知几何形状和尺寸相关联;和
计算所述管腔的几何形状和尺寸。
14.一种用于获得物体的至少一部分的三维数字表象的方法,包括:
将装置定位成与所述物体相邻,所述装置包括已知几何形状和尺寸的管腔以及在其中移动的测距或成象组件;和
当所述组件重新定位在所述装置内时,进行测量或成象操作。
15.一种用于获得空间内的两个或者多个点的相对位置的方法,包括:
在沿着已知几何形状和尺寸的固定轨迹的位置处,测量从测距或成象组件至所述点的距离。
CNA2004800062712A 2003-03-11 2004-01-21 确定三维物体的几何形状和尺寸 Pending CN1758932A (zh)

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WO2004081492A2 (en) 2004-09-23
US20050027251A1 (en) 2005-02-03
WO2004081492A3 (en) 2004-11-04
JP2006523124A (ja) 2006-10-12
US20040181128A1 (en) 2004-09-16
EP1603620A2 (en) 2005-12-14
AU2004219685B2 (en) 2009-02-05
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AU2004219685A1 (en) 2004-09-23
DE602004018624D1 (de) 2009-02-05

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