Background technology:
As material of construction one concrete that with cement is main raw, because the structure after solidifying is spongy, crystallization is more coarse, water molecules is difficult for playing the effect of obstruct, therefore, when merely concrete being used for waterproofing work, water resistance is relatively poor, can not satisfy waterproof requirement.
Increase the method for transferring the concrete batching composition in order to improve concrete water resistance, can to adopt, make concrete solidify the back compact structure, dwindle, disperse and reduce the sponge cavity, water molecules should not be penetrated, with the performance of raising waterproof.
But, according to present cement structures theory, increase and transfer concrete food ingredient, be difficult for finding appropriate proportioning.And food ingredient also is difficult for reaction fully in concrete, and concrete over-all properties is difficult to take into account.In building operation, also may be subjected to construction technology, geological hydrology, concrete self stress, the restriction of conditions such as temperature environment makes concrete when solidifying, or still micro-cracks can occur sometimes after solidifying, and still has seepage and occurs.To such problem, there is not very good prevention method.
To this problem, can only take the technology of remedying at present; Generally before concrete placement, or after building curing, with the material of organic or inorganic coated with one deck waterproof membrane, to strengthen waterproof effect.But, adopt this method, not only increase cost, also increase man-hour, prolong the duration, and waterproof effect is also undesirable sometimes.In underground, under water waterproofing work, because of hydraulic pressure is too big, waterproof membrane is squeezed broken probably by water; And additional waterproof membrane generally mostly is organic materials, has the problem of aging of material, after waterproof membrane is aging, also will make waterproof membrane again, increases cost once more.
" permeable crystalline waterproofing material " once arranged, but its technology is in confidential state abroad.According to researching and analysing, this product is based on the chemically reactive solvent, penetrates among the concrete with different carrier (aqueous or powdery form), and then relies on this material that the free ca in the concrete is dissolved into the positively charged ion form.Calcium ion meets sial in water midbody compound promptly is combined into the crystallization of calcium aluminosilicate.
But, should " permeable crystalline waterproofing material " following problem often appear in use:
1, if the free ca index in the concrete exceeds standard, just be difficult to occur again the intermediate of enough manosil ASs, in this case, the crystal of calcium aluminosilicate just is difficult to form, or the quantity that forms can be very limited.When crystalline quantity not sufficient during with the microdefect of mending concrete, also seepage can appear.
2, when uncrystallized state-transition is crystalline state in former concrete, for want of outer input that crystalline material is arranged, sponge cavity and textural defect in the concrete are difficult for being remedied fully.The defective that these can't remedy still can become the hidden danger of seepage.
3, in the concrete that free CaO exceeds standard,,, quickened the loss of Ca on the contrary if Free Ca is dissociated into ionic forms because of ion Ca is difficult for forming crystallization, concrete strength is descended.
4, the product alkali is very obvious.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention aims to provide a kind of water-proof nanometer cement and preparation method thereof.This water-proof nanometer cement can be directly as the material of waterproof construction, and promptly water is transferred and mixed waterproof paint, brushes on the concrete after the curing; Also can with cement doping together configuration stage join concrete, strengthen impervious index.For the micro gap that causes because of external force in the concrete, the function of self-regeneration is arranged.The use of this water-proof nanometer cement can obtain stable, permanent waterproof effect, and concrete other mechanics index of physics also are greatly improved.Compare with the construction of traditional water-repellent cement, technology is simple, cost is low, effective, and overall target can both be taken into account.
The making method of water-proof nanometer cement of the present invention is:
The first step: the preparation of active aluminum Calucium Silicate powder masterbatch:
One, according to the following weight ratio of total amount, be equipped with raw material:
1, nano silicon-based oxide SiO-xA380 (3-12) nano level (2.00-3.00) %
2. aluminium hydroxide Al (OH)
3800 orders (1.00-2.00) %
3. calcium oxide CaO (5.00-6.00) %
4. sulfonyl trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide acid S (COOH)
3F
349% (5.00-6.00) %
Two, the preparation of active aluminum Calucium Silicate powder masterbatch:
First with above SiO-xA380, Al (OH)
3, three kinds of powder mixing and stirring of CaO, controlled temperature<70 ℃ are lentamente with S (COOH)
3F
3Drop is gone into and is stirred.Promptly obtain active aluminum Calucium Silicate powder masterbatch.
Second step: the preparation of calcium aluminosilicate reducing powder:
One, according to the following weight ratio of total amount, be equipped with raw material:
1. polycrystalline Si particle (0.05-0.10) %
2. aluminium Al powder (0.05-0.10) %
3. pure calcium Ca particle (0.10-0.50) %
Two, the preparation of calcium aluminosilicate reducing powder:
With above-mentioned three kinds of mixing of materials, in supper micron mill, pulverize, promptly obtain the calcium aluminosilicate reducing powder.
The 3rd step: the preparation of water-proof nanometer cement:
One, according to the following weight ratio of total amount, be equipped with raw material:
1, silicate or ordinary Portland cement (80.00-85.00) %
2, active aluminum Calucium Silicate powder masterbatch (14.00-16.00) %
3, calcium aluminosilicate reducing powder (0.50-0.70) %
4, Sodium Persulfate Na
2S
2O
8(0.60-1.70) %
Two, the preparation of water-proof nanometer cement:
In the ball mill of sealing, with silicate or ordinary Portland cement, active aluminum Calucium Silicate powder masterbatch, three kinds of mixing of materials of calcium aluminosilicate reducing powder and grind more than 2 hours, add Sodium Persulfate, continue to grind more than 2 hours, promptly obtain product water-proof nanometer cement of the present invention.
The waterproof principle of the present invention:
The eighties in 1st, 20 century, it is found that: when concrete external parcel one deck natural montmorillonite, produce nonvolatil waterproof effect sometimes.Continue found that of research, the part nanoparticle that exists in the wilkinite may be the reason that produces the permanent water-resistant effect.Relatively authentic interpretation is: the wilkinite water-swellable stops that concrete expansion power makes nanoparticle get into concrete microcosmic slit down.The effect of water blockoff has been played in nanoparticle gelling in concrete, expansion.We claim this theory to be " expansion water blockoff opinion ".
Expansion water blockoff opinion can not become final conclusion always, reason is a lot of countries special various water-proof materials of producing under this guide of theory, as: water-proofing powder, water board, waterproof blanket etc., wrapping up concrete, in the engineering of simulation bentonite waterproof condition, much fail.Continue to discover to have only a few wilkinite to have the function of waterproof in the world in fact, most wilkinites can not waterproof.Therefore, be that to have play a part crucial to waterproof be vexed problem to which kind of material always on earth in the wilkinite.
Research based on to this problem it is considered herein that: the nanoparticle in the wilkinite except that this as the nano level yardstick, also should possess necessary " activity ", only possess the nanoparticle of " activity ", just can form us and think useful reaction.This reaction is not " gelling " but " crystallization ".It is the new silicate crystallization that forms.This crystallization is bonded together with crystallization in the former concrete, has not only stopped the path of water, but also has remedied the defective of microcosmic in the concrete, and concrete intensity is improved.The present invention's this theory is called oneself " nanocrystal opinion ".
2, in order to confirm the correct of hypothesis of the present invention, in fact prescription of the present invention is exactly the component environment at simulation wilkinite and cement, and just purpose and consumption are more direct and accurate.
Nano silicon-based oxide SiO-xA380 in the component of the present invention is the nano level yardstick, and diameter is about (3-12) nm, and specific surface area is 380m
2/ g.SiO-xA380 is topmost active substance among the present invention.
The Si of occurring in nature is many with SiO
2Form exists, but SiO
2There is not activity, minimum SiO
2With Si
5O
10State exists, and its particle structure as shown in Figure 1.
According to calculating, Si
5O
10Though be 0.7nm, because of self is closed state, be the inertia structure, the reaction in can not occurring expecting.
And SiO-xA380 is different fully, and according to the data that producer provides, its nanoscale is about 3-12nm, and among average every nanometer SiO-xA380, (OH) base is that (4-5) is individual.
The particle structure of SiO-xA380 is with Si
39O
50(OH)
56Be example, it is wide to be 3.62nm, long for 12.63nm, and four more intense (OH) basic energy field are arranged.As shown in Figure 2.
As we can see from the figure, SiO-xA380 exists 4 and has very big surface energy by the energy field formed of (OH) base, with S (COOH)
3F
3Doing the time spent can very fast dissolving, and forms ionic compound, this compound be easy to cement in other material form bonding reaction, be cross-linked into one.And use SiO
2, as 800 purpose silica powders, this effect will weaken significantly.
In this reaction, it is essential using SiO-xA380, and its main advantage is that the formation crystallization speed is fast, quantity is many, react completely concrete intensity height.
Experiment of the present invention shows: SiO-xA380, Al (OH)
3, CaO is all oxyhydroxide, be in cement, to form calcium aluminosilicate crystalline base substance.Wherein, CaO generates Ca (OH) under the effect of water
2, also become oxyhydroxide.
In order to make SiO-xA380, Al (OH)
3, CaO can successfully enter inside concrete, product of the present invention only relied on brush on the solidified concrete surface just can realize waterproof effect, this prescription has adopted S (COOH)
3F
3Solvent.
At S (COOH)
3F
3Effect is SiO-xA380, Al (OH) down
3, CaO can both be dissolved in the water, forms different zwitterion compounds, enter inside concrete after, moving hydraulic pressure weakens and becomes hydrostaticpressure, the zwitterion compound forms the crystallization of orderly calcium aluminosilicate by self order, deposition is also solidified, and no longer is S (COOH)
3F
3Can dissolve.S (COOH)
3F
3Dissociate out under the effect of water, the midbody compound that meets Al, Si, Ca also can dissolve it once more, repeats circulation last time.Here it is, and product of the present invention can the self-regeneration main cause of seepage.This process can continue a century, all forms the crystallizations of calcium aluminosilicates in concrete.Therefore, product of the present invention has permanent water-proof function.
The advantage of product of the present invention:
1, versatility widely:
After testing, the antiacid corrosion factor of product-water-proof nanometer cement of the present invention, freeze-thaw-cycle indicator are all more satisfactory.And anti-folding index reaches 28.75MPa, and this is equivalent to the 4925# of traditional cement standard, the 472.5# of new cement standard.Detect index all above the standard of first grade in the national standard.
According to existing detection index location, can be used as waterproof paint, concrete water-proof admixture, efficient retardation water reducing agent, concrete interface treating agent use.
2, the high detection index:
The of paramount importance characteristics of product-water-proof nanometer cement of the present invention are on anti-permeability performance, and the impervious index of secondary surpasses once impervious index.The proof water-proof nanometer cement has formed the crystallization of one with concrete after infiltrating concrete.What it carried out concrete microdefect is reparation associativity rather than the property stopped up.
3, harmful index is limited the quantity of and is overcome extremely low degree
Ammonia burst size≤0.004% of product-water-proof nanometer cement of the present invention; Total alkali content≤0.55%; Chloride ion content≤0.03% all greatly is lower than country and limits the quantity of.Concrete alkali aggregate harm reduces; Environmental pollution reduces; Degree to reinforcement corrosion reduces.
Product-water-proof nanometer cement of the present invention can penetrate in the concrete for making this material based on the crystallization of calcium aluminosilicate, also needs to use special chemically reactive solvent.But in the infiltration concrete is not the of solvent own, but by Si, Al, Ca and strong solvent synthetic yin, yang ionic species.These materials are subjected to the interference of chemically reactive solvent after by water dissolution, form the process that crystallization lags behind, and reach (4-10) hour.Be enough to make the ion synthetics of Si, Al, Ca to infiltrate among the concrete during this period of time, and under hydrostaticpressure, form crystallization.
Compare with external product " permeable crystalline waterproofing material ", product-water-proof nanometer cement of the present invention has remedied its following defective:
1, product of the present invention can form crystallization because of infiltrating concrete yin, yang ion synthetics self, be not subjected to the influence of former material composition in the concrete, former certain material of concrete internal cause exceeds standard and causes the deficiency of other substances content, can obtain useful replenishing from water-proof nanometer cement.Can not exist again cause therefrom can't the crystalline situation.
2, the crystallization of product of the present invention in concrete is not self material in the simple former concrete of dependence, but by outside input and the coefficient result of self material.Concrete intensity index not only can not descend, and also very big raising and reinforcement can occur.
3, though the part ion compound also can run off in the product of the present invention, these ionic compounds had been in saturated state before entering concrete, can not constitute additional harm to concrete again.
4, product of the present invention does not have the problem that harmful substances exceeds standard.