CN112125571B - Porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112125571B CN112125571B CN202011029808.4A CN202011029808A CN112125571B CN 112125571 B CN112125571 B CN 112125571B CN 202011029808 A CN202011029808 A CN 202011029808A CN 112125571 B CN112125571 B CN 112125571B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
Abstract
The invention provides a porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) putting the porous ceramic subjected to vacuum drying treatment into a saturated barium hydroxide solution, uniformly mixing, keeping the porous ceramic at normal temperature for 10-15min in vacuum, standing the porous ceramic at normal pressure for 20-25min, and then drying the porous ceramic at 50-70 ℃ in vacuum to crystallize barium hydroxide inside porous ceramic particles to obtain a porous ceramic/barium hydroxide composite material; 2) uniformly spraying hydroxyethyl cellulose solution on the surface of the porous ceramic particle/barium hydroxide composite material, and drying at 50-70 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent. The invention can greatly improve the stability of the obtained chloride ion curing agent in cement paste, so that the crystallization regulator can be slowly released in the later stage of cement hydration without influencing the cement setting time and other working properties, the Friedel salt content in the system is greatly improved, and the effective curing of free chloride ions in reinforced concrete is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reinforced concrete chloride ion curing agents, in particular to a porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the main factors affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Because of the high pH value of the pore solution of the reinforced concrete, the surface of the reinforced concrete is passivated to prevent electrochemical corrosion. However, in environments such as seawater and sea sand with high chloride ion content, free chloride ions can diffuse and migrate to the surface of the steel bars through the concrete, so that the corrosion of the steel bars is accelerated, and the service life of the reinforced concrete structure is shortened.
In order to solve the problem of chloride ion corrosion in a reinforced concrete structure, the existing solution mainly comprises methods of using epoxy steel bars, stainless steel bars, surface coatings, electrochemical cathodic protection and the like. The methods realize the isolation of chloride ions on the surface of the steel bar through process treatment, so that the corrosion of the steel bar is avoided, but the corrosion risk of a weak area of a passivation film still exists due to the accumulation of a large amount of free chloride ions on the surface of the steel bar, and the electrochemical corrosion cannot be prevented for a long time. In addition, the problems of reduced strength of the steel bar structure, higher cost and maintenance cost and the like exist. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new solution that can inhibit the diffusion and migration of free chlorine ions in the concrete layer, and effectively prevent the surface of the steel bar from rusting.
Related scholars provide a chloride ion curing scheme based on a chloride ion in-situ curing principle, and can fundamentally solve the problem that the reinforcing steel bar is corroded by chloride ions. In-situ curing mainly refers to converting free chlorine ions into non-free chlorine ions by utilizing cement hydration products through a physical adsorption or chemical combination mode. AFm structure ([ Ca ]) generated during hydration of cement2Al(OH)6·2H2O]+) Will react with chloride ion to generate Friedel salt ([ Ca ]2Al(OH)6·2H2O]2·Cl2·4H2O) to fix the free chloride ions by chemical bonding, but the ability to fix the chloride ions by chemical bonding is greatly diminished due to the preferential reaction of the AFm structure with sulfate groups in the cement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent, the obtained chloride ion curing agent has stable performance in cement slurry, does not affect the cement setting time and other working performances, slowly releases a crystallization modifier in the later stage of cement hydration, increases the Friedel salt content in a system and reduces the free chloride ion content under the action of the crystallization modifier, and effectively solves the problem that the conventional concrete has low chloride ion migration and diffusion resistance, so that the reinforcement corrosion risk in the concrete is high.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a preparation method of a porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent comprises the following steps:
1) putting the porous ceramic subjected to vacuum drying treatment into a saturated barium hydroxide solution, uniformly mixing, keeping the porous ceramic at normal temperature for 10-15min in vacuum, standing the porous ceramic at normal pressure for 20-25min, and then drying the porous ceramic at 50-70 ℃ in vacuum to crystallize barium hydroxide inside porous ceramic particles to obtain a porous ceramic/barium hydroxide composite material;
2) uniformly spraying hydroxyethyl cellulose solution on the surface of the porous ceramic particle/barium hydroxide composite material, and drying at 50-70 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent.
Optionally, the porous ceramic subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step 1) is 120 parts by weight, and the saturated barium hydroxide solution is 200 parts by weight and 240 parts by weight.
Optionally, the porous ceramic in step 1) is prepared by the following method:
granite powder is taken as a raw material, silicon carbide with the doping amount of 0.5-1% is taken as a pore-forming agent, and the temperature is kept for 1-2h at the temperature rise rate of 5-8 ℃/min and the sintering temperature of 1200-1250 ℃ to obtain the granite powder porous ceramic;
and (3) crushing the granite stone powder porous ceramic, and then screening the granite stone powder porous ceramic through a 150-micron sieve to obtain the porous ceramic.
Optionally, the sieve residue of the crushed granite powder porous ceramic after passing through a 150 μm sieve is not more than 10%.
Optionally, the mass fraction of the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution in the step 2) is 2-5%; the molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose in the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution is 5-10 ten thousand.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent prepared by the preparation method of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide an application of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent in concrete, wherein the doping amount of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent is 5-10% of the total amount of cementing materials in the concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent has the following advantages:
1. the invention takes barium hydroxide as a crystallization regulator, takes porous ceramic as a carrier, loads the barium hydroxide in the porous ceramic, adopts hydroxyethyl cellulose to form a water film on the surface of the porous ceramic loaded with the barium hydroxide, when the porous ceramic is added into cement concrete, because the porous ceramic is compact and porous, and the existing glass phase can be gradually dissolved when being exposed to a high pH environment in the late stage of hydration, the barium ions in the cement concrete can be slowly released on the premise of not influencing the workability of the cement, the released barium ions can convert hydration products such as mono-sulfur hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate and tri-sulfur hydrated calcium sulphoaluminate in cement-based materials into hydrated aluminate, thus being beneficial to greatly increasing Friedel salt, improving the solidification capability of the material system on chloride ions, reducing the content of free chloride ions, reducing the corrosion risk of reinforcing steel bars and prolonging the service life of reinforced concrete structures, has great economic benefit and social benefit.
2. According to the invention, hydroxyethyl cellulose with a large molecular weight is sprayed on the surface of the porous ceramic loaded with barium hydroxide, and the porous ceramic has good characteristics of film forming, water absorption and water retention, and can effectively isolate and protect the barium hydroxide in the porous ceramic, so that the stability of the prepared porous ceramic loaded type chloride ion curing agent in cement slurry can be further improved, and the regulation efficiency of the release rate of the barium hydroxide is further improved.
3. The invention takes the industrial waste as the basic raw material to prepare the carrier material, the preparation process is simple, the obtained chloride ion has excellent curing performance, the preparation cost is greatly reduced, and the popularization and the application of the chloride ion are facilitated.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention is based on a chemical combination mechanism in-situ solidification, and barium hydroxide is added into cement as a crystallization regulator. After the barium hydroxide crystallization modifier is added into a cement matrix, sulfate ions in the cement material can be combined with barium ions to generate precipitates, so that the reaction of an AFm structure and the sulfate ions is reduced, more hydrated sulphoaluminate is converted into the AFm structure, and is combined with chloride ions to generate Friedel salt, and the fixation of free chloride ions is realized. However, the presence of sulfate ions at the initial stage of cement hydration has an important role in adjusting the setting time of cement, and it is not suitable to directly add an excessive amount of barium hydroxide to result in an excessively low sulfate content. Therefore, the porous ceramic is used as a carrier, the barium hydroxide is loaded in the porous ceramic, and the porous ceramic is compact and porous, and the existing glass phase can be gradually dissolved when exposed to a high pH environment in the late stage of hydration, so that the barium ions in the porous ceramic can be slowly released on the premise of not influencing the workability of cement. In addition, in order to protect barium hydroxide in the porous ceramic, hydroxyethyl cellulose is adopted to form a water film on the surface of the porous ceramic loaded with the barium hydroxide, so that the internal material is effectively isolated and protected.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent is prepared by the following steps:
1) injecting 200 parts by weight of saturated barium hydroxide solution into a beaker at normal temperature;
2) putting 100 parts by weight of porous ceramic subjected to vacuum drying treatment into the saturated barium hydroxide solution in the beaker, uniformly mixing, and keeping the mixture in a vacuum drying oven at normal temperature for 10 minutes;
3) taking out the beaker, and standing for 20 minutes at normal pressure;
4) placing the beaker in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃, drying the saturated barium hydroxide solution soaked with the porous ceramic particles to evaporate water to form a barium hydroxide supersaturated solution, and then crystallizing barium hydroxide inside the porous ceramic particles to obtain the porous ceramic/barium hydroxide composite material;
5) uniformly spraying hydroxyethyl cellulose solution on the surface of the porous ceramic particle/barium hydroxide composite material, and drying at 50 ℃ for 1 hour to obtain the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent.
Wherein the preparation process of the porous ceramic comprises the following steps:
granite stone powder is used as a raw material, 0.5 percent of doped silicon carbide is used as a pore-forming agent, and the temperature is kept for 1h at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min and the sintering temperature of 1200 ℃ to obtain granite stone powder porous ceramic;
and (3) crushing the granite powder porous ceramic, and sieving the crushed granite powder porous ceramic by a sieve of 150 mu m, wherein the sieve residue is not more than 10 percent, so as to obtain the porous ceramic.
The preparation method of the saturated barium hydroxide solution comprises the following steps:
the barium hydroxide is dissolved in deionized water according to the condition that the solubility of the barium hydroxide is 3.89g/100mL in the environment of 20 ℃, and the barium hydroxide is prepared by stirring under the ultrasonic vibration condition.
The preparation method of the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution comprises the following steps:
the hydroxyethyl cellulose is prepared by dissolving commercially available hydroxyethyl cellulose powder in deionized water, wherein the mass fraction of the obtained hydroxyethyl cellulose solution is 2%, and the molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose is 5-10 ten thousand.
Example 2
A porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent is prepared by the following steps:
1) injecting 240 parts by weight of saturated barium hydroxide solution into a beaker at normal temperature;
2) putting 120 parts by weight of porous ceramic subjected to vacuum drying treatment into the saturated barium hydroxide solution in the beaker, uniformly mixing, and keeping the mixture in a vacuum drying oven at normal temperature for 15 minutes;
3) taking out the beaker, and standing for 25 minutes at normal pressure;
4) placing the beaker in a vacuum drying oven at 70 ℃, drying the saturated barium hydroxide solution soaked with the porous ceramic particles to evaporate water to form a barium hydroxide supersaturated solution, and then crystallizing barium hydroxide inside the porous ceramic particles to obtain the porous ceramic/barium hydroxide composite material;
5) uniformly spraying hydroxyethyl cellulose solution on the surface of the porous ceramic particle/barium hydroxide composite material, and drying for 3 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent.
Wherein the preparation process of the porous ceramic comprises the following steps:
granite powder is taken as a raw material, 1% of doped silicon carbide is taken as a pore-forming agent, and the temperature is raised at the rate of 8 ℃/min and at the sintering temperature of 1250 ℃, and the granite powder porous ceramic is obtained after heat preservation for 2 hours;
and (3) crushing the granite powder porous ceramic, and sieving the crushed granite powder porous ceramic by a sieve of 150 mu m, wherein the sieve residue is not more than 10 percent, so as to obtain the porous ceramic.
The preparation method of the saturated barium hydroxide solution comprises the following steps:
the barium hydroxide is dissolved in deionized water according to the condition that the solubility of the barium hydroxide is 3.89g/100mL in the environment of 20 ℃, and the barium hydroxide is prepared by stirring under the ultrasonic vibration condition.
The preparation method of the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution comprises the following steps:
the hydroxyethyl cellulose is prepared by dissolving commercially available hydroxyethyl cellulose powder in deionized water, wherein the mass fraction of the obtained hydroxyethyl cellulose solution is 5%, and the molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose is 5-10 ten thousand.
The porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agents of the examples 1 and 2 are applied to concrete, wherein the mixing amount of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agents of the examples 1 and 2 is 5% and 10% of the total amount of the gelled materials in the concrete respectively.
The curing rate of the concrete chloride ions is high, which indicates that more chloride ions are cured by the cement-based material, at the moment, the free chloride ions are reduced, the risk of corrosion of the steel bars in the concrete by the chloride ions is reduced, and the durability of the reinforced concrete is improved. The invention uses sodium chloride as a chloride ion source, is directly dissolved in mixing water and added into concrete, simulates the chloride ion contained in the concrete, and inspects the curing effect of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent in the examples 1 and 2 on the chloride ion in the concrete, wherein the content of the added chloride ion is 0.12 percent of the mass of sand in the concrete.
The total chloride ion content C in the concrete can be calculated according to the mass of the added sodium chloridetThen according to the experimentDetermining the content C of water-soluble free chloride ions in concretef. Total chloride ion content CtAnd the content C of free chloride ions is determined by experimentfThe difference is the amount of concrete curing chloride ions Cb。CbAnd CtThe ratio of (A) to (B) is the curing rate of the chloride ions. Wherein the concrete has a water-soluble free chloride ion content CfThe measurement adopts the water conservancy industry standard SL352-2006 Hydraulic concrete test regulations.
To compare the effect of the porous ceramic supported chloride curing agent of the present invention on the chloride curing performance of concrete, concrete prepared using the chloride curing agents of examples 1 and 2 were compared to a blank set. The formulation of the concrete prepared by using the chloride ion curing agent of example 1 and example 2 and the blank concrete are shown in table 1, and the test results of the chloride ion curing rate of the concrete prepared by using the chloride ion curing agent of example 1 and example 2 and the blank concrete at different ages are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Examples | 3d chloride ion curing Rate (%) | 28d chloride ion Cure (%) | 90d chloride ion curing Rate (%) |
Blank group | 23 | 44 | 47 |
Example 1 | 37 | 51 | 56 |
Example 2 | 40 | 53 | 57 |
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the blank control group, the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent of the present invention added in the embodiments 1 and 2 can effectively improve the chloride ion curing rate of concrete, which shows that the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent prepared by the present invention has significant effect on improving the chloride ion curing capability of concrete, can improve the service life of reinforced concrete in the chloride ion corrosion environment, and has great economic and social benefits.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) putting the porous ceramic subjected to vacuum drying treatment into a saturated barium hydroxide solution, uniformly mixing, keeping the porous ceramic at normal temperature for 10-15min in vacuum, standing the porous ceramic at normal pressure for 20-25min, and then drying the porous ceramic at 50-70 ℃ in vacuum to crystallize barium hydroxide inside porous ceramic particles to obtain a porous ceramic/barium hydroxide composite material;
2) uniformly spraying hydroxyethyl cellulose solution on the surface of the porous ceramic particle/barium hydroxide composite material, and drying at 50-70 ℃ for 1-3h to obtain a porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent;
the porous ceramic subjected to vacuum drying treatment in the step 1) is 120 parts by weight, and the saturated barium hydroxide solution is 200 parts by weight and 240 parts by weight;
the porous ceramic in the step 1) is prepared by adopting the following method:
granite powder is taken as a raw material, 0.5-1% of silicon carbide is taken as a pore-forming agent, and heat preservation is carried out for 1-2h at the temperature rising rate of 5-8 ℃/min and the sintering temperature of 1200-1250 ℃ to obtain granite powder porous ceramic;
and crushing the granite stone powder porous ceramic, and sieving the crushed granite stone powder porous ceramic by a sieve of 150 mu m to obtain the porous ceramic.
2. The method for preparing the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the granite stone powder porous ceramic remaining after being crushed and passing through a 150 μm sieve is not more than 10%.
3. The preparation method of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution in the step 2) is 2-5%; the molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose in the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution is 5-10 ten thousand.
4. A porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent, which is prepared by the method for preparing a porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The application of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent in concrete according to claim 4, wherein the content of the porous ceramic supported chloride ion curing agent is 5-10% of the total amount of gelled materials in the concrete.
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