CN1736901A - 一种处理含氨氮废水的方法 - Google Patents

一种处理含氨氮废水的方法 Download PDF

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CN1736901A
CN1736901A CNA2005100356549A CN200510035654A CN1736901A CN 1736901 A CN1736901 A CN 1736901A CN A2005100356549 A CNA2005100356549 A CN A2005100356549A CN 200510035654 A CN200510035654 A CN 200510035654A CN 1736901 A CN1736901 A CN 1736901A
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CN1331775C (zh
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许玫英
孙国萍
张丽娟
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Guangdong Detection Center of Microbiology of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
Institute of Microbiology of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
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Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
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Abstract

本发明处理含氨氮废水的方法,采用将废水处理系统分隔成相对固定的几个区域,在这些区域中填充一定密度的多孔材料,使多孔材料随着水流和气流的搅动在各个区域中保持相对的流动性。通过控制系统的进水量、进水水质、溶解氧浓度和pH等因素,使系统中的微生物,尤其是氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸氧化细菌等生长周期较长的微生物在多孔材料上附着生长,逐渐形成生物膜,提高处理系统的生物量。由于多孔材料在处理系统的各个区域中具有一定的流动性,多孔材料上的微生物可随进水浓度进行趋向性的运动,同时也有利于生物膜的脱落和更新,使处理系统中保持高的生物活性。

Description

一种处理含氨氮废水的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环保领域的工业或生活废水的处理技术。
背景技术
氨氮污染是目前水处理急需解决的重要问题。氨氮进入水体后消耗大量的溶解氧,影响水体质量,对鱼类和其它水生生物有害,是造成水体严重富营养化,甚至形成“水华”的主要因素之一。氨氮污染的来源很多,多种行业的废水如炼油废水、制药废水、食品加工废水、化工废水和垃圾填埋场渗滤液等都含有大量的氨氮。目前国内外对氨氮污染的控制主要采用生物脱氮技术。生物脱氮的基本原理是通过硝化作用先将氨氮氧化为硝酸盐氮,再通过反硝化作用将硝酸盐氮还原为气态氮而从水中除去。其中硝化作用是影响生物脱氮效果的关键步骤。硝化作用主要是由氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化细菌这两类细菌完成的。这两类细菌均属于专性化能无机营养菌,生长速率较低,受废水处理系统中的溶氧量、pH,以及有机负荷变化的影响较大。目前的生物脱氮工艺普遍采用单一的悬浮活性污泥或单一的固定化生物膜的形式,悬浮活性污泥法的泥龄往往较短,生物量较低,不利于氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化菌这些世代较长的细菌的生长;固定化的生物膜虽然弥补了悬浮活性污泥泥龄较短的缺陷,保证了生长世代周期较长的细菌的生长和繁殖,但由于所形成的生物膜在废水处理系统中的位置是相对固定的,所受到的机械切割作用较小,所形成的生物膜较难脱落,不利于系统中生物膜的新老更替,生物膜的活性往往较低。因此,现有的生物脱氮系统的脱氮效果极不稳定,氨氮超标的现象经常发生。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种改进的处理含氨氮废水的方法,以便有效地提高废水氨氮处理效果。
本发明所提供的处理含氨氮废水的方法是:使废水以一定流速流入好氧水处理系统中,该水处理系统中生长繁殖有包括氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化细菌的微生物,对水处理系统中的水体不断进行曝气充氧,其特征在于将水处理系统分隔成若干个相对固定的区域,在每个被分隔的区域中投放有多块可于水体中飘动的块状多孔填料,投放量占每区域容积的30%~60%;各分隔区域之间以网孔相连通,网孔的大小以不使块状多孔填料从分隔区域中飘出为准;在水处理过程中,控制水处理系统水体中的溶解氧浓度为1mg/L以上,pH值为7.0~8.5,温度为4℃~42℃,使系统中的微生物逐渐在块状多孔填料上繁殖生长,形成生物膜,通过水处理系统的水流和气流使附有生物膜的块状多孔填料在各分隔区域中保持一定的流动性,进行生物脱氮。
本发明将所述的水处理系统分隔成若干个具有适当大小的相对固定的区域,所分隔的每个相对固定的区域大小可设计在(0.5~5.0)m×(0.5~5.0)m×(1.0~5.0)m的范围。
本发明用于投放到各分隔区域的所述的块状多孔填料可采用多孔海绵、泡沫塑料、多孔橡胶或多孔陶珠等材料,其块状颗粒的粒径范围一般在0.8~15cm,其形状可为方形、球形或其他几何形体;对于形状为方形的块状多孔填料,其大小可为(0.8~15.0)cm×(0.8~15.0)cm×(0.8~15.0)cm。对于形状为球形的块状多孔填料,其直径可为0.8~15cm。
所述的多孔填料也可以由多块小块多孔填料充填于一有透水孔的壳体中构成。
可采用以下形式将水处理系统分隔成若干个所述的相对固定的区域:一是通过在水处理系统中设置若干个网箱而将水处理系统分隔成若干个所述的相对固定的区域;一是用塑料网将水处理系统分隔成若干个所述的相对固定的区域。
本发明所述的水处理系统中所分隔的各个相对固定的区域最好都沉没于水体之中。
本发明采用将废水处理系统分隔成相对固定的几个区域,在这些区域中填充一定密度的多孔填料,使多孔填料随着水流和气流的搅动在各个区域中保持相对的流动性。通过控制系统的进水量、进水水质、溶解氧浓度和pH等因素,可使系统中的微生物,尤其是氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸氧化细菌等生长周期较长的微生物在多孔填料上附着生长,逐渐形成生物膜,可保持处理系统高的生物量。同时由于本发明中的多孔填料可在一定的区域内流动,克服了固定材料生物膜较被动且难以脱落的缺点,可保持系统中高的微生物活性以及微生物趋向污染物的主动性,确保系统高的氨氮处理效率,减少氨氮对水生态环境的污染。
具体实施方式
实施例一
垃圾渗滤液经石灰吹脱、厌氧折流板反应器和氧化沟处理后进入四个串联的容积大小为400m3的推流式好氧活性污泥曝气系统中进一步处理。在这四个好氧曝气系统中各投加13个大小为1m×1m×1m的网箱,每个网箱中投加大小为4cm×4cm×4cm的多孔海绵,填充的密度为50%。在进水量为500吨/天,进水COD为1800-2000mg/L,氨氮浓度为700-1000mg/L,溶解氧浓度为1mg/L~3mg/L,pH为8.0,温度为30℃的条件下,经系统连续处理后,出水氨氮浓度≤25mg/L。
实施例二
垃圾渗滤液经石灰吹脱、厌氧折流板反应器处理后进入五个串联的容积大小为500m3的推流式好氧活性污泥曝气系统中进一步处理。在这五个好氧曝气系统中各投加13个大小为2m×1m×1m的网箱,每个网箱中投加直径为15cm的塑料球,每个塑料球中填充有3块大小为4cm×4cm×4cm的多孔海绵,每个网箱中塑料球的填充的密度为50%。在进水量为100吨/天,进水COD为8000-10000mg/L,氨氮浓度为1700-2000mg/L,溶解氧浓度为1mg/L~3mg/L,pH为8.2,温度为32℃的条件下,经系统连续处理后,出水氨氮浓度≤40mg/L。
实施例三
城市生活污水经兼氧塘处理后进入两个串联的容积大小为600m3的序批间歇式好氧活性污泥曝气系统(SBR)进一步处理。采用塑料网将这两级好氧曝气系统各分隔成15个大小为2m×2m×1m的区域,每个区域中投加大小为2cm×2cm×2cm的多孔海绵,填充的密度为30%。进水量为1万吨/天,进水COD为120-150mg/L,氨氮浓度为20-25mg/L,溶解氧浓度为2mg/L~3mg/L,pH为7.0,温度为30℃的条件下,经系统连续处理后,出水氨氮浓度≤8mg/L。
实施例四
石油化工废水经浮选和兼氧池处理后进入两个串联的容积大小为600m3的好氧活性污泥曝气系统进一步处理。采用塑料网将这两级好氧曝气系统各分隔成15个大小为2m×2m×1m的区域,每个区域中投加由废轮胎切成的直径约为1-1.5cm的颗粒,每个区域中的材料填充密度为40%。在进水量为40吨/天,进水COD为800-1000mg/L,氨氮浓度为200-250mg/L,溶解氧浓度为1mg/L~3mg/L,pH为7.5,温度为32℃的条件下,经系统连续处理后,出水氨氮浓度≤25mg/L。

Claims (9)

1.一种处理含氨氮废水的方法,使废水以一定流速流入好氧水处理系统中,该水处理系统中生长繁殖有包括氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸氧化细菌的微生物,对水处理系统中的水体不断进行曝气充氧,其特征在于将水处理系统分隔成若干个相对固定的区域,在每个被分隔的区域中投放有多块可于水体中飘动的块状多孔填料,投放量占每区域容积的30%~60%;各分隔区域之间以网孔相连通,网孔的大小以不使块状多孔填料从分隔区域中飘出为准;在水处理过程中,控制水处理系统水体中的溶解氧浓度为1mg/L以上,pH值为7.0~8.5,温度为4℃~42℃,使系统中的微生物逐渐在块状多孔填料上繁殖生长,形成生物膜,通过水处理系统的水流和气流使附有生物膜的块状多孔填料在各分隔区域中保持一定的流动性,进行生物脱氮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于通过在水处理系统中设置若干个网箱而将水处理系统分隔成若干个所述的相对固定的区域。
3.根据权利要求1所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于用塑料网将水处理系统分隔成若干个所述的相对固定的区域。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于水处理系统中所分隔的各个相对固定的区域都沉没于水体之中。
5.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于水处理系统中所分隔的每个相对固定的区域大小为(0.5~5.0)m×(0.5~5.0)m×(1.0~5.0)m。
6.根据权利要求1所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于所述的块状多孔填料为方形,其大小为(0.8~15.0)cm×(0.8~15.0)cm×(0.8~15.0)cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于所述的块状多孔填料为球形,其直径为0.8~15cm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于所述的多孔填料由多块小块多孔填料充填于一有透水孔的壳体中构成。
9.根据权利要求1、6、7或8所述的处理含氨氮废水的方法,其特征在于所述的多孔填料为多孔海绵、泡沫塑料、多孔橡胶或多孔陶珠。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103172180A (zh) * 2013-02-27 2013-06-26 青岛理工大学 一种活沙制备方法
CN103214088A (zh) * 2012-01-21 2013-07-24 欧联(北京)环境工程有限公司 一种基于移动床生物膜反应器的厌氧氨氧化系统
CN105621570A (zh) * 2016-02-03 2016-06-01 安徽乙地生态科技有限公司 用于污水处理工艺中脱磷脱氮的海绵
EP4108640A1 (en) * 2021-06-22 2022-12-28 IM-aces BV A method to treat liquid manure

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9823496D0 (en) * 1998-10-27 1998-12-23 Univ Manchester Metropolitan Nitrification process
CN1209300C (zh) * 2002-12-30 2005-07-06 四川大学 适用于有机废水的生物处理设备

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103214088A (zh) * 2012-01-21 2013-07-24 欧联(北京)环境工程有限公司 一种基于移动床生物膜反应器的厌氧氨氧化系统
CN103172180A (zh) * 2013-02-27 2013-06-26 青岛理工大学 一种活沙制备方法
CN103172180B (zh) * 2013-02-27 2013-12-11 青岛理工大学 一种活沙制备方法
CN105621570A (zh) * 2016-02-03 2016-06-01 安徽乙地生态科技有限公司 用于污水处理工艺中脱磷脱氮的海绵
EP4108640A1 (en) * 2021-06-22 2022-12-28 IM-aces BV A method to treat liquid manure

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Assignee: Dongguan Chuanneng Ecological Construction Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980040982

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20230904

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Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Dongguan Yaluo Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980045183

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231031

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Dongguan Creative Environmental New Materials Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980045170

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231031

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Liuzhou Tengtu Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980045213

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231031

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Liuzhou Renjia Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980045212

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231031

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Beihai anfeigao Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980045197

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231031

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Hezhou Tongyun Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980045190

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231031

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Foshan shangxiaoyun Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980045186

Denomination of invention: A Method for Treating Wastewater Containing Ammonia and Nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231031

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Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Chongqing Longjinsheng Biotechnology Group Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980048318

Denomination of invention: A method for treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231124

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Guangdong Lvyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980048310

Denomination of invention: A method for treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231124

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Senhai Environmental Protection Group Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980048263

Denomination of invention: A method for treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231124

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Shandong Qianhui Environmental engineering Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980048253

Denomination of invention: A method for treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231124

Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: Shandong Chunjing Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2023980048247

Denomination of invention: A method for treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20231124

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Application publication date: 20060222

Assignee: SOUTH-VENTURE (TIANJIN) TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd.

Assignor: Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences

Contract record no.: X2024120000037

Denomination of invention: A method for treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen

Granted publication date: 20070815

License type: Common License

Record date: 20240318

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