CN1731069A - Enhanced heat transfer method for fluidized heat transfer and fluidized multiphase heat transfer medium - Google Patents
Enhanced heat transfer method for fluidized heat transfer and fluidized multiphase heat transfer medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one kind of fluidized forced heat transfer method and fluidized multiphase heat transfer medium. Granular matter is added into base heat transfer medium to reinforce the heat transfer process. The said technology may be used widely in refrigerating air conditioner, hear pump, heat pipe, heating apparatus, internal combustion engine cooler, electronic device and electric power device to raise the overall energy utilization efficiency and improve the heat performance of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the fluidization heat transfer medium to carry out the method for augmentation of heat transfer, and a kind of fluidized multiphase heat transfer medium, reach the effect of augmentation of heat transfer by the flow regime of improving heat transfer medium.
Background technology
Fluid is widely used in the heat transfer process as the heat transfer working media, by the mobile of heat transfer medium it is emitted heat at another place behind an absorption heat, reaches the purpose that fluidization is conducted heat.
In heat transfer working media diabatic process, a kind of main mode is to utilize heat transfer working media phase-change heat transfer.For example in the air-conditioning of refrigeration, the heat pump that heats, adopt fluorine Lyons or water, ammonia, alkane etc. as the heat transfer working media, this medium undergoes phase transition in the process of work, absorb heat when becoming gaseous state by liquid carburation by evaporation, then discharge heat when becoming liquid state by the gaseous state condensation, come the temperature and pressure of control system in this kind equipment by compressor and expansion valve, finish whole circulation; Equally, in heat pipe, working media is enclosed in the airtight container, heat transfer working media in the heat pipe also is the material that liquid-gas phase transition takes place, evaporation ends heat transfer working media in the high-temperature region is absorbed heat and is become gas by liquid, emit heat and become liquid at condensation end gas, thereby realize the efficient heat transfer of heat pipe.
Another kind of main mode is that the heat transfer working media does not have the phase transformation generation in the course of the work, and this heat transfer type is used in building heating field or chemical industry heat-obtaining or the cooling procedure usually, and in the engine water-cooling system for water.Water is the most frequently used heat transfer working media, by heat transfer working media flowing in hot duct or heat exchange pipeline and heat transmission equipment (for example heating installation or heat exchanger), absorbing heat from high temperature elevates the temperature, in heat-releasing apparatus, emit the heat temperature and reduce, utilize the sensible heat of heat transfer working media variations in temperature to conduct heat.Outside dewatering, air also often is used as heat transfer medium and uses.
At electronic device cooling system, also often adopt the liquid endless form, heat is passed out outside heat radiation and the temperature of realizing by liquid or gas or mixture with heat control, this heat transfer working media can be liquid, gas or fluidized state, also can be gas-liquid mixture.
Studies show that, in liquid, add nano level copper particle, utilize the nano-meter characteristic of nano material can significantly change the heat-transfer capability of liquid.But owing to utilize nano-meter characteristic to come augmentation of heat transfer; requirement copper particle must be processed into the nano material less than 100nm; and because nano-meter characteristic makes that needing to add suitable dispersant just can be scattered in the fluid; so this technology is the manufacturing cost height of nano particle not only; and in manufacture process, need complicated manufacture method that nano-scale particle is mixed in the liquid particles, the complex barrier of the expensive and manufacture process of this method the utilization of technology.
In space flight and military product, the heat transfer property requirement higher than general industry product arranged, particularly the precision to thermal control has higher requirement, though the field of the application of related product is different, the requirement of the thermal control heat management that it is whole is higher.
The working media of all above-mentioned heat transfers is called basic heat transfer medium, be the heat transfer efficiency of raising diabatic process and the heat-transfer capability of heat transfer medium, normally by improving the flow regime or the heat transfer wall of basic heat transfer medium, for example improving flow velocity makes basic heat transfer medium it reaches turbulence state, or have the structure of flow-disturbing effect in the heat transfer wall processing with heat transmission equipment, reduce the thickness in boundary layer.But it is more complicated that the processing and manufacturing that can make heat-transfer equipment like this becomes, and the flow resistance of fluid is enlarged markedly, so that the raising of the heat-transfer capability of heat transfer medium is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly by the fluidised method of heat transfer working media being reached the purpose of augmentation of heat transfer, the heat transfer property that the heat transfer working media of common heat transfer working media or heterogeneousization is conducted heat is improved and realizes thermal control and heat management to system.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of fluidization intensified heat transfer method, in basic heat transfer medium, add the particulate matter that granularity is not less than 10nm, particulate matter is flowed with basic heat transfer medium, and the granularity of particle and addition should guarantee not occur in the flow process sedimentation and stop up runner.
Diabatic process comprises transmission, exchange, collection, storage, application, the control of the heat of heat exchange, thermal-arrest, heat radiation, accumulation of heat, all processes of management, and in the present invention, the notion of heat transfer comprises above-described all processes.
Be called to the heat transfer medium fluidization by in the working media of the heat transfer working media on basis or multiple phase transformation, adding the particulate species material.
Be further augmentation of heat transfer effect, also can in basic heat transfer medium, add auxiliary phase change material, phase transition temperature that should auxiliary phase change material is in the operating temperature interval of basic heat transfer medium and is lower than the transformation temperature (be phase transition temperature) of basic heat transfer medium under same operating pressure, assists phase change material to carry out phase-change heat transfer in the operating temperature interval of basic heat transfer.
In basic heat transfer substance, add auxiliary phase change material, be called heterogeneousization of working media.Basis heat transfer working media after heterogeneousization still is called basic heat transfer working media.
The present invention also provides a kind of fluidization heterogeneous heat transfer medium, comprise basic heat transfer medium, it is characterized in that: contain the particulate matter that can flow in heat transfer system and can not stop up with basic heat transfer medium in basic heat transfer medium, the granularity of particle is greater than 100nm.
Can also further contain auxiliary phase change material in the described basic heat transfer medium, the phase transition temperature of this auxiliary phase change material is in the basic heat transfer process in the variations in temperature interval and is lower than the transformation temperature of basic heat transfer medium under same operating pressure.
Described particulate matter can be metallic particles thing and/or non-metallic particle, the metallic particles thing can be metal, for example be in copper, iron, aluminium, zinc, steel, gold, silver, the tin particles one or more, so wherein better with higher its augmentation of heat transfer effect of the heat transfer system of copper, aluminium; The metallic particles material can also be metal oxide, for example is in mangano-manganic oxide, cobalt oxide, tantalum oxide, tri-iron tetroxide, three zirconias, yittrium oxide, beryllium oxide, ytterbium oxide, dysprosia, boron oxide, silica, the alumina particle one or more; The metallic particles thing can also be the salt particle, for example one or more in boric acid tungsten cadmium, potassium titanate, boron carbide, strontium chromate, lithium metaaluminate, the bichromate (potassium bichromate, sodium dichromate).
The non-metallic particle thing can be plastic grain, glass particle, ceramic particle, sandstone particle; Wherein the sandstone particle can be selected SiO for use
2Or beryl.
Described basic heat transfer medium can be in sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, conduction oil, water, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm, acetone, ammonia, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethane, nitrogen, CFC, HCFC, HFC, CFCs, HFCFs, HFCs, ammonia, hydrocarbon, the carbon dioxide one or more.
Described auxiliary phase change material can be solid-solid phase change material or solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase transition material or two or more mixture wherein.
Described liquid-gas phase transition material can be in sodium, naphthalene, potassium, caesium, conduction oil, water, mercury, biphenyl, Dowtherm, acetone, ammonia, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethane, nitrogen, CFC, HCFC, HFC, CFCs, HFCFs, HFCs, ammonia, hydrocarbon, the carbon dioxide one or more, but can not be identical with used basic heat transfer substance when specifically selecting for use.
Described solid-solid phase change material can be one or more the material in polyalcohol, PE (pentaerythrite), PG (2,2-dihydroxymethyl propyl alcohol), NPG (neopentyl glycol), TMP (trimethyl propane), TAM, inorganic salts, laminated perovskite, rhodan ammonium (NH4SCN), high molecular polymer, macromolecule crosslinked resin, graft copolymer, the polyethylene.
Described solid-liquid phase change material can be one or more the material in the halide of inorganic hydrated salt, paraffin, aliphatic acid, alkalies and alkaline earth, high temperature melt salt, salt-mixture, metal, alloy, senior aliphatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, the many alkyl compounds.
Described inorganic hydrated salt can be in sulfate, phosphate, carbonate, the acetate one or more.
Described high temperature melt salt can be in fluoride salt, chloride, nitrate, carbonate, the sulfate one or more.
Described many alkyl compounds can be in polyalcohol, pentaerythrite, the neopentyl glycol one or more.
For particulate matter, addition in basic heat transfer medium, comprehensive each factor is considered, when basic heat transfer medium in the diabatic process does not have phase transformation liquid, the volume ratio of basis heat transfer medium and particle is 100: 0.1-80, when basic heat transfer medium had phase transformation in diabatic process, the volume ratio of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter was 100: 0.01-90.
The auxiliary addition of phase change material in basic heat transfer medium, when basic heat transfer medium did not have phase-change heat transfer, the volume ratio of basic heat transfer medium and auxiliary phase change material was 100: 0.1-80; When basic heat transfer substance had phase transformation to take place, the volume ratio of basic heat transfer medium and auxiliary phase change material was 100: 0.01-90.
Pass through in basic heat transfer medium, to add the particle of granularity among the present invention greater than 10nm, particle is flowed with basic heat transfer medium, because the existence of particulate matter and the granularity of particle are bigger, particle plays the effect of stirring during with basic heat transfer medium flows, make basic heat transfer medium reach turbulence state, and the continuous shock-induced boundary layer of particle makes the boundary layer obtain destroying, reduce the boundary layer thermal resistance, the heat transfer efficiency that improves, and, when colliding, particle heat conductive wall continuous and heat-transfer equipment also carries out the affixed heat transfer of touching, particularly for having increased metallic particle class material, because the heat transfer property of metal is greater than nonmetallic heat transfer property, its heat transfer efficiency is higher than the heat transfer efficiency of heat conductive wall and basic heat transfer medium, particle also became a kind of heat transfer medium and played described basic heat transfer medium this moment, and test shows, add particle after its heat transfer efficiency be significantly improved.Undergo phase transition in the course of the work for basic heat transfer medium under the situation of heat transfer, owing to increased auxiliary phase change material, make that the operating temperature range of heat transfer working media is wider, utilize the heat transfer and the accumulation of heat effect of auxiliary phase change material, improve system to the temperature controlling ability, be particularly suitable for the cooling of electronic device, electrical device.
Because the heat transfer efficiency of phase-change heat transfer is higher than the heat transfer of no phase transformation, after in basic heat transfer medium, increasing auxiliary phase change material, the material that in diabatic process, does not undergo phase transition for basic heat transfer medium, because the existence of auxiliary phase change material, auxiliary phase change material absorbs more heat in heat absorbing end by phase transformation, the release of finishing heat at the suitable temperature range of condensation end or temperature spot according to designing requirement, thereby fundamentally improved the heat transfer property of traditional heat transfer working media, especially for temperature controlled heat transfer such as air-conditioning are arranged, heat pump, electric power, the temperature control of the heater members of electronic equipment and the temperature control of power-equipment such as internal combustion engine, heat when adopting heterogeneous working media can be worked in the peak of thermal source is stored in (auxiliary phase change material is present in the system after absorbing heat) in the auxiliary phase change material, again heat is discharged when caloric value reduces when multiple cycles or the ebb work at thermal source, simultaneously, owing to improved the heat-transfer capability of whole system, also can reduce the heat exchange area of the heat exchanger of condensation end, the balance working media is in the operating temperature of different operation intervals, thereby can realize thermal control and heat management to the integral body of conducting heat.
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of intensified heat transfer method of the present invention and fluidization, utilization adds particulate matter and strengthens the fluidization diabatic process in basic heat transfer medium, thereby the performance of the traditional heat transfer medium that makes is greatly improved, and has improved the heat-transfer capability of traditional heat transfer medium; The heat transfer medium that fluidised heat transfer makes can better flow and increase the heat-transfer capability of working media integral body in heat transfer pipe, can make heat transfer coefficient improve 5%-500% by increasing particle.Compare with adopting nanometer copper or alumina particles, particulate matter not only of the present invention is because granularity makes flow-disturbing, stirring action strong greatly, and need not to add dispersant and form suspension, but with two-phase or the streamed work of three-phase, not only the cost of material is low, simultaneously also make the processing cost of particle be significantly less than nano material, have more wide application prospect.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment fluidization heat transfer intensification heat-transferring method of the present invention and fluidized multiphase heat transfer medium are described further, to help understanding content of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Application: building heating, engine cool, electronic device liquid cooling, machinery and the control of Medical Devices temperature, space flight, military affairs.
Embodiment 1.1
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
The basis heat transfer medium is: 100 parts in water
The particle that adds is: 10 parts in the aluminium that granularity is 3 parts of the copper of 0.01mm, 20 parts of cupric oxide that granularity is 0.1mm, granularity is 0.03mm.
The fluidization intensified heat transfer method is that the basic heat transfer medium in heat-exchange system is to add 10 parts in 3 parts of copper that granularities are 0.01mm, 20 parts of cupric oxide that granularity is 0.1mm, aluminium that granularity is 0.03mm by 100 parts of water in the water, make water carry particulate matter and flow together, particle has been strengthened the heat transfer and the flow regime of basic heat transfer medium.
Embodiment 1.2
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
The basis heat transfer medium is: 100 parts in water
The particle that adds is: granularity is 40 parts of 10 parts of the plastic grains of 5mm, sandstone particles that granularity is 2mm.
Embodiment 1.3
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
The basis heat transfer medium is: 100 parts in water
Auxiliary phase change material is: methyl alcohol 30 parts of (vapourizing temperature is 64.7 ℃), 40 parts of ethanol (vapourizing temperature is: 78.3 ℃)
The particulate matter that adds is: granularity is 2 parts of 3 parts of the copper of 0.01mm and glass particles that granularity is 0.001mm.
The fluidization intensified heat transfer method is to add 3 parts of the copper that granularities are 0.01mm by 100 parts of water in the basis heat transfer water in heat-exchange system, granularity is 2 parts of the glass particles of 0.001mm, and auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance methyl alcohol of liquid gas and ethanol, making water carry particulate matter flows together, particle has been strengthened the heat transfer and the flow regime of basic heat transfer medium, simultaneously at fire end, rising along with temperature, methyl alcohol is at first vaporized, ethanol vaporization then, it when entering into condensation end vapour-liquid two-phase heat transfer medium, the ethanol cooling discharges latent heat when temperature is lower than 78.3 ℃, methyl alcohol discharges latent heat during to 64.7 ℃ of temperature, and water does not have phase transformation in diabatic process, has realized the two-phase heat transfer like this and has utilized sensible heat and latent heat to conduct heat jointly, has improved the heat-transfer capability of working media.
Embodiment 1.4
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
The basis heat transfer medium is: 100 parts in water
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is: 10 parts of 2,2 one dihydroxymethyl propyl alcohol (PG), and its phase transition temperature is 81.76 ℃, enthalpy of transition: 172.458J/G;
The particulate matter that adds comprises: granularity is 10 parts in 2 parts of the glass particles of 0.01mm and a aluminium that granularity is 0.1mm.
The fluidization intensified heat transfer method is to add 2 parts of the glass particles that granularities are 0.01mm by 100 parts of water in the basis heat transfer water in heat-exchange system, granularity is 10 parts of the alumina particles of 0.1mm, and the auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance PG of solid-solid phase change, making water and steam carry particulate matter flows together, particle has been strengthened the heat transfer and the flow regime of basic heat transfer medium, simultaneously at fire end, rising along with temperature, the absorption heat takes place to transform in PG, water vapor then, it when entering into condensation end the solid two-phase heat transfer medium of vapour, water condensation undergoes phase transition release latent heat when temperature is lower than 100 ℃, PG takes place to transform release heat when temperature is 81.76 ℃, the heat transfer property of heat transfer medium is improved and realizes thermal control and heat management to system.
Embodiment 1.5
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
The basic phase change material that has phase transformation to take place in the diabatic process: 100 parts in water
Auxiliary phase change material is:
AL (NO
3)
39H
2Totally 80 parts of O, 90 ℃ of its phase transition temperatures, heat of fusion 135.9J/G
100 parts of trimethylolethanes, 80 ℃ of its phase transition temperatures, heat of fusion 309J/G
The particulate matter that adds is:
Granularity is 20 parts of the glass particles of 0.01mm
Granularity is 30 parts in the aluminium of 0.1mm
Granularity is 30 parts of the tri-iron tetroxides of 1mm.
Embodiment 2
Application: engine cool, machinery, Medical Devices thermal control;
Heat transfer working media in basis is a machine oil, and operating temperature is 10-200 ℃, and operating pressure is a normal barometric pressure.
Embodiment 2.1
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
100 parts of basic heat transfer mediums of conduct of machine oil
The particle that adds is 10 parts in the aluminium that granularity is 1 part of the copper of 0.01mm and 10 parts of cupric oxide that granularity is 0.1mm, granularity is 0.03mm.
Embodiment 2.2
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
100 parts in machine oil and granularity are 3 parts of the glass particles of 0.001mm, the particle of 2 parts of formations of sandstone particle that granularity is 0.01mm, also contain following aid in heat transfer material: granularity is 12 parts of the LLDPEs (LLDPE) of 101nm, 126 ℃ of its phase transition temperatures, enthalpy of phase change 157J/G; And granularity is 15 parts of the high density polyethylene (HDPE)s (HDPE) of 110nm, 133 ℃ of phase transition temperatures, enthalpy of phase change 212J/G.
Embodiment 2.3
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
100 parts of basic heat transfer substances of conduct of machine oil;
The auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance that adds is LiNO
3(volume ratio 42%)+KNO
3(volume ratio 58%) totally 10 parts, 120 ℃ of phase transition temperatures, enthalpy of phase change 151J/G;
The particulate species material that adds is that granularity is 5 parts of 8 parts of the copper of 0.01mm and sandstone particles that granularity is 0.01mm.
Embodiment 3
Application: metallurgy, iron and steel, chemical industry waste heat recovery, engine exhaust heat reclaims, the control of electric mechanical device temperature, building heating, the control of Medical Devices temperature, space flight, military affairs;
Basis heat transfer working media: 100 parts of conduction oils, operating temperature be-10-400 ℃.
Embodiment 3.1
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume):
5 parts of the copper of 100 parts of conduction oils, 1-10mm granularity, granularity are 12 parts in the aluminium of 1-100mm.
In metallurgy and chemical industry, the diameter of its pipeline and flow are all very big, according to the diameter of pipeline and the flow of element task medium, select the diameter of the metallic particles of adding, be the suitable particle diameter of Standard Selection its fluidization is flowed not make line clogging.This intensified heat transfer method is by add particle copper and aluminium in conduction oil, utilize bigger copper of granularity and alumina particles and flow-disturbing effect to destroy the boundary layer, utilize the collision of copper and aluminium to pass the transmission of heat by contact change wall simultaneously and improve heat transfer efficiency, reach and heat transfer property is improved and realizes the thermal control of system and the purpose of heat management.
Embodiment 3.2
The consisting of of the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization (by volume): 0.1 part of the sandstone particle that adds granularity in 100 parts of the conduction oils and be 0.1-10mm.
Embodiment 3.3
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization is by basic heat transfer medium and assist phase transformation heat transfer substance, particulate matter to form, and each component consists of (by volume):
100 parts of basis heat transfer medium conduction oils.
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is: 10 parts of pure polyethylene glycol (PEG), and phase transition temperature: 328 ℃, enthalpy of phase change 185J/G; And 50 parts of high density polyethylene (HDPE)s (HDPE), phase transition temperature: 133 ℃, enthalpy of phase change 212J/G.
The particulate species material that adds is 5 parts of 10 parts of the sandstone particles of granularity 0.1-10mm and copper that granularity is 1-10mm.
Embodiment 3.4
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization assists phase transformation heat transfer substance, particulate matter to form by basic heat transfer medium and solid-liquid (liquid-solid), and each component consists of (by volume):
The basis heat transfer substance is 100 parts of conduction oils.
Auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance is: totally 1 part of LiCl-KCl, and its phase transition temperature is 352 ℃, heat of fusion 117.8J/G; And NaCl-NaNO
3Totally 30 parts, phase transition temperature is 290 ℃, heat of fusion 247J/G.
It is 15 parts of 5 parts of the glass particles of 0.1-10mm and copper that granularity is 1-10mm that particulate matter adopts granularity.
Embodiment 4
Application: refrigeration air-conditioner, heat pump
Basis heat transfer working media: F13,47.68 ℃ of normal boiling points, 100 parts of volumes, operating temperature ,-10-80 ℃.
Embodiment 4.1
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization is made up of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter, and each component consists of (by volume):
Totally 100 parts of F13, granularity are 10 parts of the copper of 0.001-1mm, and granularity is 4 parts in the aluminium of 0.01-1mm.
Embodiment 4.2
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization is made up of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter, and each component consists of (by volume):
Totally 100 parts of F13, granularity are 0.01 part of the sandstone particle of 0.001-1mm.
Embodiment 4.3
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization is made up of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter, auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance, and each component consists of (by volume):
Totally 100 parts of basis heat transfer medium F13;
The auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance of liquid-gas phase transition is that F11 has 80 parts and F22 to have 100 parts;
The particulate species material that adds is that granularity is 10 parts of 10 parts of the copper of 0.001-1mm, thermal storage ceramics that granularity is 0.001-1mm.
Embodiment 4.4
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization is made up of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter, auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance, and each component consists of (by volume):
Totally 100 parts of basis heat transfer medium F13;
The auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance of solid-liquid (liquid-solid) is CaCl
26H
2Totally 10 parts of O, its phase transition temperature is 58 ℃, potential heat value is 250KJ/KG, also has Na
2SO
310H
220 parts of O (adding an amount of oxidation receives), its phase transition temperature is 17-27 ℃, potential heat value: 246KJ/KG;
The particulate species material that adds is that granularity is 4 parts in 5 parts of the thermal storage ceramics of 0.001-1mm and a aluminium that granularity is 0.01-1mm.
Embodiment 4.5
The heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization is made up of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter, auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance, and each component consists of (by volume):
Totally 100 parts of basis heat transfer medium F13;
The auxiliary phase transformation heat transfer substance of solid-solid phase change is totally 20 parts of PG30%+NPG70%, phase transition temperature 31-81 ℃, and enthalpy of phase change 73-42KJ/KG;
The particulate species material that adds is
50 parts in the aluminium of 40 parts of the thermal storage ceramics of granularity 0.001-1mm and granularity 0.001-1mm.
Embodiment 5
Application: heat pipe, heat-pipe radiator, heat exchange of heat pipe, heat pipe collector, heat pipe heat accumulation device, pulse heat pipe, circulating heat pipe, Curved heat pipe, complicated heat pipe, military, space flight;
Heat transfer working media in basis is 100 parts in a water, and operating temperature is 20-300 ℃, and operating pressure is 0.0001 handkerchief-500 handkerchief.
Embodiment 5.1
The particle that adds in the 100th part of water in the present embodiment is copper 1-10 part of granularity 0.0001-10mm, aluminium 4-30 part of granularity 0.001-10mm.
Embodiment 5.2
The particle that adds in the 100th part of water in the present embodiment is sandstone particle 1-20 part of granularity 0.001-10mm and glass particle 5-10 part of granularity 0.0001-10mm.
Embodiment 5.3
Be added with liquid-gas phase transition material and particle in the 100th part of water in the present embodiment, the aid in heat transfer working media of adding for the liquid-gas phase transition material is: 40 parts of 30 parts in acetone and ethanol, 56 ℃ of the normal boiling points of acetone, 78 ℃ of the normal boiling points of ethanol; The particulate matter that adds is aluminium 1-30 part of copper 1-20 part and the granularity of granularity 0.0001-10mm: 0.001-10mm, glass particle 1-10 part of granularity 0.0001-10mm, ceramic heat-storing material 1-30 part of granularity 0.0001-10mm.
In the course of the work, at first acetone begins the phase-change heat transfer of vaporizing, temperature raises after its all working media is vaporized fully, ethanol begins the phase-change heat transfer of vaporizing, after treating that the whole vaporizations of ethanol are finished, water begins the phase-change heat transfer of vaporizing, and will be lower than the phase-change heat transfer temperature of minimum initial phase transformation working media in the operating temperature of condensation segment, as in this example, the temperature of condensation segment should be lower than the condensation temperature of acetone.Low temperature acetone, middle temperature ethanol, three kinds of working medias of high-temperature water produce phase-change heat transfer at different all temps points, be adapted to requirement in different bringing-up section operating temperature of bringing-up section and different heat-transfer capability, by adjusting the needs that different volume ratios can be used in different temperature spots, thereby guaranteed the most dynamical heat transfer of system, realized thermal control and heat management system at different operation intervals.
Embodiment 5.4
Be added with solid-solid phase change material and particle in the 100th part of water in the present embodiment, the aid in heat transfer working media that adds is AMP20 part, 56.96 ℃ of transition temperatures, enthalpy of transition 114KJ/KG, also add simultaneously 50 parts of PG30%+NPG70% (binary system structure) are arranged, transition temperature is 40-81 ℃, enthalpy of transition 27-85KJ/KG.The particulate species material that adds is that granularity is copper 1-30 part of 0.0001-10mm, aluminium 1-50 part that granularity is 0.001-10mm, glass particle 1-20 part that granularity is 0.0001-10mm, ceramic heat-storing material 1-50 part of granularity 0.0001-10mm.
Its mainly auxiliary phase change material is PG30%+NPG70% (a binary system structure), it has the phase transition temperature interval of broad, but at its special temperature spot, target selection according to the thermal control of system is not higher than 60 ℃, thereby absorption that can heat is a large amount of when adopting AMP that the temperature of system is reached to spend near 60, make the target of thermal control of system to realize.
Embodiment 5.5
Be added with liquid gas and solid-solid phase change material and particle in the 100th part of water in the present embodiment, the liquid-gas phase transition material of adding is 100 parts of ethanol, 78 ℃ of normal boiling points, and 130 parts in acetone, 56 ℃ of normal boiling points; The solid-solid phase change material is NaSO
410H
2O counts 150 parts, and phase transition temperature is 32 ℃, and latent heat of fusion is 250KJ/KG, and 30 parts of stearic acids (saturated unary fatty acid), and phase transition temperature is 69.9 ℃, and latent heat of fusion is 63KJ/MOL.The particulate species material that adds is that the copper 1-3 part of granularity 0.00001-10mm and aluminium 1-15 part, glass particle 1-10 part of granularity 0.0001-10mm, the granularity 0.0001-10mm ceramic heat-storing material of granularity 0.00001-10mm are 1-10 part.
This example is particularly suitable in thermal control (radiator) product of the radiator of electronic device, adopting basic heat transfer substance is water, adopt two kinds of liquid-gas phase transitions and solid-solid phase change material to be auxiliary phase change material simultaneously, internal vacuum was 0.1 handkerchief when it was canned, in basic phase transformation temperature points 30-50 ℃ interval with ethanol, acetone, NaSO
4.10H
2O is main working media, and along with the increase of the temperature of thermal source and the increase of working time, heat begins by acetone vaporization phase-change heat transfer, NaSO simultaneously
4.10H
2O adopts solid-solid phase change to conduct heat, if the heat of thermal source increases gradually or increase suddenly, this moment, the temperature of system also increased simultaneously, water is vaporized and passes through phase-change heat transfer, when temperature reaches 69 ℃, stearic acid (saturated unary fatty acid) begins to undergo phase transition accumulation of heat, the system that makes is controlled in the temperature range work below 70 ℃, guarantee that electronic device is when high-power use (as the computer CPU overclocking), still make system meet the requirement of thermal control, thereby guarantee the realization of the heat management target of system efficiently.Especially space and weight there are the product of requirement, can adopt this technical method under satisfactory volume weight, still can perfectly realize the requirement of the heat management thermal control of system for computer, notebook computer etc.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of fluidization intensified heat transfer method, it is characterized in that: in basic heat transfer medium, add the particulate matter of granularity greater than 100nm, particulate matter is flowed with basic heat transfer medium, and the granularity of particle and addition should guarantee not make in the flow process runner to stop up.
2, fluidization intensified heat transfer method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in basic heat transfer medium, also add auxiliary phase change material, phase transition temperature that should auxiliary phase change material is in the operating temperature interval of basic heat transfer medium and is lower than the transformation temperature of basic heat transfer medium under same operating pressure, assists phase change material to carry out phase-change heat transfer in the operating temperature interval of basic heat transfer.
3, fluidization intensified heat transfer method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described particulate matter is metallic particles thing and/or non-metallic particle;
4, fluidization intensified heat transfer method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when basic heat transfer medium in the diabatic process does not have phase transformation liquid, the volume ratio of basis heat transfer medium and particle is 100: 0.1-80, when basic heat transfer medium had phase transformation in diabatic process, the volume ratio of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter was 100: 0.01-90.
5, fluidization intensified heat transfer method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described auxiliary phase change material is solid-solid phase change material or solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase transition material or two or more mixture wherein.
6, the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of a kind of fluidization comprises basic heat transfer medium, it is characterized in that: contain the particulate matter that can flow in heat transfer system and can not stop up with basic heat transfer medium in basic heat transfer medium, the granularity of particle is greater than 100nm.
7, the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: also further contain auxiliary phase change material in the described basic heat transfer medium, the phase transition temperature of this auxiliary phase change material is in the basic heat transfer process in the variations in temperature interval and is lower than the transformation temperature of basic heat transfer medium under same operating pressure.
8, as claim 6 or the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of 7 described fluidizations, it is characterized in that: described particulate matter is metallic particles thing and/or non-metallic particle.
9, fluidization intensified heat transfer method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: when basic heat transfer medium in the diabatic process does not have phase transformation liquid, the volume ratio of basis heat transfer medium and particle is 100: 0.1-80, when basic heat transfer medium had phase transformation in diabatic process, the volume ratio of basic heat transfer medium and particulate matter was 100: 0.01-90.
10, the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: described metallic particles thing is metal or metal oxide or salt.
11, the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: described non-metallic particle thing is one or more materials in plastic grain, glass particle, ceramic particle, the sandstone particle.
12, the heterogeneous heat transfer medium of fluidization as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: described auxiliary phase change material is solid-solid phase change material or solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase transition material or two or more mixture wherein.
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| CNA2005101033253A CN1731069A (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2005-09-16 | Enhanced heat transfer method for fluidized heat transfer and fluidized multiphase heat transfer medium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104119839A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-10-29 | 北京建筑大学 | Mixed working medium used for phase change heat transfer of pulsating heat pipe and confirming method thereof |
| CN104197758A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-12-10 | 余姚天超通风设备有限公司 | Superconductive heat pipe and heat transfer medium thereof |
| CN104293303A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | 李义 | Thermal storage material capable of phase transition under normal pressure |
| CN109519694A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-26 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | The method of hydrogen-storing device and hydrogen filling |
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2005
- 2005-09-16 CN CNA2005101033253A patent/CN1731069A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104293303A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-21 | 李义 | Thermal storage material capable of phase transition under normal pressure |
| CN104119839A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-10-29 | 北京建筑大学 | Mixed working medium used for phase change heat transfer of pulsating heat pipe and confirming method thereof |
| CN104119839B (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2017-12-29 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of mixed working fluid and its determination method for pulsating heat pipe phase-change heat transfer |
| CN104197758A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-12-10 | 余姚天超通风设备有限公司 | Superconductive heat pipe and heat transfer medium thereof |
| CN104197758B (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2017-01-04 | 余姚天超通风设备有限公司 | A kind of super heat-conductive pipe and heat transfer medium thereof |
| CN109519694A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-26 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | The method of hydrogen-storing device and hydrogen filling |
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