CN1720469A - 具有改善的视角的增亮膜 - Google Patents

具有改善的视角的增亮膜 Download PDF

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CN1720469A
CN1720469A CN200380104836.6A CN200380104836A CN1720469A CN 1720469 A CN1720469 A CN 1720469A CN 200380104836 A CN200380104836 A CN 200380104836A CN 1720469 A CN1720469 A CN 1720469A
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尤金·奥尔克扎克
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SHPP Global Technologies BV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • G02B6/0046—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/007—Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp
    • G02B6/0071—Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp with elongated shape, e.g. tube
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133611—Direct backlight including means for improving the brightness uniformity

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Abstract

一种光学基片(110)的表面结构形状减小了某些离轴角度上的、从光学基片(110)表面离开的散射光的亮度，其代价是视轴附近测量得到的峰值亮度略微减小。最终，整体上增加了有用照度。作为该结构形状的棱形体横截面具有弯曲的侧壁或棱面。具有相对较高的折射率的材料与具有改进的棱形体几何形状的棱形结构结合，改善了亮度。

Description

具有改善的视角的增亮膜
技术领域
本发明涉及增亮膜，具体而言，涉及具有弯曲棱面(facet)棱形体结构和增大的棱形体峰角(peak angle)以及折射率的一种增亮膜。
背景技术
在背光计算机显示器或者其它系统中，光学膜通常被用来对光进行引导。例如，在背光显示器中，增亮膜利用棱形结构来沿视轴(viewing axis)(即，垂直于显示器的轴线，或“轴上”)对光进行引导。这增加了显示器用户观看到的光的亮度，并使得系统能够使用更少的功率来生成希望水平的轴上照度。用于对光进行偏转的膜还可以用在各种各样的其它光学设计中，例如用于投影显示器、交通信号以及照明标志。
背光显示器和系统使用堆叠的多层膜，这些膜被布置成使得其棱形结构彼此垂直，并且被夹在被称为散射片的光学膜之间。散射片具有非常不规则的表面。
目前的商品增亮膜的使用会导致离轴大约40到50度之间的亮度急剧减小。在超出该减小范围的角度上，在亮度角分布上存在旁瓣。这些旁瓣可能导致能量浪费，因为它们在很多液晶显示器(LCD)设备的希望的视角规定之外。由于旁瓣使得光会到达非计划中的观看者，所以它在保密性应用中也是不希望出现的。
因此，在现有技术中一直并确实存在对能够抑制亮度角分布中的旁瓣的增亮膜的需要。
发明内容
在第一实施例中，本发明构造了一种光学基片的表面的结构形状，减小了某些离轴角度上的、从光学基片表面离开的散射光的亮度，其代价是视轴附近测量到的峰值亮度略微减小。最终，整体上增加了有用照度。这样的光学基片包括一表面，该表面特征在于至少一个棱形体的横截面具有弯曲侧壁或棱面。
在第二实施例种，本发明构造了高折射率棱形结构与改进的棱形体几何形状的一个组合。当棱形体结构的折射率增大至增亮膜中常用材料的折射率以上的一个值，同时使得峰角增大至90度以上时，在例如LCD背光显示设备中，亮度性能得到满足或者被超出。
附图说明
图1是背光显示设备的横截面图。
图2是光学基片的透视图，该光学基片的一个表面的特征在于其具有有着弯曲侧壁或棱面的横截面。
图3是光学基片的第一横截面图，该光学基片的一个表面的特征在于其具有有着弯曲侧壁或棱面的横截面。
图4是光学基片的第二横截面图，该光学基片的一个表面的特征在于其具有有着弯曲侧壁或棱面的横截面。
图5是作为光学基片水平视角的函数的亮度的图解，该光学基片的一个表面的特征在于：第一其具有直角棱形体的横截面，第二其具有图3中的弯曲侧壁或棱面，第三其具有图4中的弯曲侧壁或棱面。
图6是一复合角度的棱形体以及图3和4所示的弯曲侧壁或棱面的几何参数的横截面图，该几何参数被描述为多项式函数的一个片段。
图7是设置成交叉构造的两个光学基片的透视图，其中棱形结构被设置成相对于彼此成一角度(例如，90度)。
图8是交叉光学基片的中央照度的分布图，该中央照度是棱形体峰角和基片折射率的函数。
图9是交叉光学基片的远场水平照度的图解，该远场水平照度是水平视角的函数。
图10是交叉光学基片的远场竖直照度的图解，该远场竖直照度是竖直视角的函数。
图11是交叉光学基片的远场水平照度的图解，该远场水平照度是水平视角的函数。
图12是交叉光学基片的远场竖直照度的图解，该远场竖直照度是竖直视角的函数。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了背光显示设备100的横截面图。背光显示设备100包括用于产生光104的光源102。光导106通过全内反射(TIR)来沿其引导光104。光导106包含了使得光104逃逸出光导106的破坏性特征。沿光导106的下表面设置的反射基片108将从光导106的下表面逃逸的所有光104反射穿过光导106并反射向光学基片110。至少一个光学基片110可以接收来自光导106的光104。光学基片110包括由棱形结构116(图2、3和4)界定的一三维表面112。
光学基片110可以被设置成一者位于另一者之上，并具有如图7中看到的其中棱形结构116被设置成相对于另一者成一角度(例如，90度)的交叉构造。棱形体116具有预定的峰角α、高度h、长度1以及节距(pitch)p，并且棱形表面112中的一个或者两个在其峰角α、高度h、长度1以及节距p上可以是随机的。此外，基片110的一个或者两个侧面可以具有棱形体116。图2、3和4中，在本发明的第一实施例中，包括表面112的棱形体116的侧壁或者棱面132是弯曲的。该弯曲可以描述为一段抛物线，或者更一般化地描述为由以下垂度等式(sag equation)给出的多项式表面：
z = cr 2 1 + 1 - ( 1 + k ) c 2 r 2 + dr 2 + re 4 + fr 6 + r 的更高次项  (1)
其中z是棱形体116的侧壁或棱面132距离参考直线128的垂直偏差(或“垂度”)，其以微米为单位，其中直线128从棱形体的底部处的第一参考点(b)开始，终止于靠近棱形体的顶点的第二参考点(a)(参见图6)；c-1是棱面的曲率半径。这里，多项式的系数可以具有以下大致的范围：-20＜c＜20，-10＜d＜10，-10＜e＜10，-10＜f＜10以及-1＜k或小于或等于零，其中r是距离光轴的距离或径向坐标，以微米为单位。应该注意到，c2r2大于或等于零并小于或等于1。具有适当选择的系数的r的奇次项(例如，r1、r3、r5、r7等)也可以如等式1中一样被使用。偶次以及奇次项的更高次项具有适当选择的系数。除了开始的r2项以外的项可以写作：
线性段124、126或者其它对等式1所描述的多项式的近似可以象在图6中看到的那样被使用。线性段124、126得到一复合角度的棱形体，其具有处于θ角的第一棱面126和处于β角的第二棱面124。从图6中可以最好地理解，棱形体116的弯曲侧壁或棱面132的弯曲可以是凸形的或者凹形的。图6中，棱形体的侧棱面设置成形成一个或者多个分别与棱形体的底部相对界定出β角和θ角的复合棱面124、126。
图2、3和4中示出了棱形体116在宽度w上的示例横截面。图5是作为光学基片水平视角的函数的亮度的图解，该光学基片的一个表面的特征在于：第一其具有直角棱形体的横截面118，第二其具有图3中的弯曲侧壁或棱面122，第三其具有图4中的弯曲侧壁或棱面120。如图5中可以看到的，对于直角、直边的棱形体118，亮度在大约+/-50度的水平视角处表现出显著的旁瓣128、130。这些旁瓣在图3和4的弯曲棱面的棱形体中都没有出现。但是，弯曲棱形体的整体亮度有略微的减小。通过对比图5中的曲线122和曲线120可以看出，对于光学基片中大约1.6的折射率，侧壁的弯曲越深，整体亮度的减小越大。同时，如图5所示，随着棱面的弯曲越发偏离90度棱形体的直壁，主瓣越宽，并且中央照度(central luminance)和旁瓣越低。
在第二实施例中，光学基片110的相对较高的折射率与改进的棱形体几何形状相结合，得到了增强的亮度。具体而言，图8示出了交叉光学基片的以百分数计的中央照度的分布图，该中央照度是棱形体峰角和基片折射率的函数，其中折射率1.6和峰角90度被认为是100％。通过将峰角增大至100度，并将光学基片的折射率大体增大至大于约1.65，尤其是在大约1.7和1.8之间，照度至少为102％。
图9示出了交叉光学基片的远场水平照度的图解，该照度是水平视角的函数。图9中，在150处示出了基于1.65的折射率和90度的棱形体峰角的现有技术中的照度曲线。图9中可以看到，该现有技术在152处表现出旁瓣。通过将基片的折射率增大至大约1.75，并将棱形体峰角增大至大约100度，如154所示，照度曲线的中央部分(例如，+/-30度)表现出更高的峰值照度(大约118)，几乎没有旁瓣156。
类似地，图10示出了交叉光学基片的远场水平照度的图解，该照度是竖直视角的函数。图10中，在158处示出了基于1.65的折射率和90度的棱形体峰角的现有技术中的照度曲线。图10中可以看到，该现有技术在160处表现出旁瓣。通过将基片的折射率增大至大约1.75，并将棱形体峰角增大至大约100度，如162所示，照度曲线的中央部分(例如，+/-30度)表现出更高的峰值照度(大约118)，同时旁瓣164受抑。
图11示出了交叉光学基片的远场水平照度的图解，该远场水平照度是水平视角的函数。图11中，在166处示出了基于1.60的折射率和90度的棱形体峰角的现有技术的照度曲线。图11中可以看到，该现有技术在168处表现出旁瓣。图11中在170处还可以看到，通过将峰角从90度增大至大约100度，同时保持基片的折射率为1.60，旁瓣172被略微减小，而照度的中央段仅仅是略微变小。此外，通过将基片的折射率增大至大约1.75，并将棱形体峰角增大至大约100度，如174处所示，照度曲线的中央部分(例如，+/-30度)表现出略微更高的峰值照度(大约105)，而旁瓣176略微降低。
类似地，图12示出了交叉光学基片的远场竖直照度的图解，该远场竖直照度是竖直视角的函数。图12中，在178处示出了基于1.60的折射率和90度的棱形体峰角的现有技术的照度曲线。图12中可以看到，该现有技术在180处表现出旁瓣。图12中在182处还可以看到，通过将峰角从90度增大至大约100度，同时保持基片的折射率为1.60，旁瓣184被减小，而照度的中央段仅仅略微变小。此外，通过将基片的折射率增大至大约1.75，并将棱形体峰角增大至大约100度，如186处所示，照度曲线的中央部分(例如，+/-30度)表现出更高的峰值照度(大约105)，而旁瓣188略微降低。
因此，从图8-12可以看出，通过增大基片110的折射率及/或通过增大棱形体结构116的峰角α，可以在增大光学基片110的轴上照度以及减小水平和竖直照度曲线的能量旁瓣方面实现改进。
光学基片110可以由光学透明的聚合物、紫外线(UV)可固化的有机或者无机材料(或它们的混合物)形成。在这样的光学基片110中，优选折射率大于大约1.65。
除了将上述光学基片110使用在用于增加亮度的背光显示器中以外，这些基片也可以被用在各种各样的其它应用中。基片110的实施例可以被用在菲涅尔透镜、混合玻璃/塑料透镜、光盘、散射膜、全息基片中，或者与传统透镜、棱镜或反射镜结合。这样的实施例可以通过调制具有固定特性的同心圆或椭圆来形成。光学基片还可以被用在单级或者多级反射、透射或部分透射的器件中，而无论是否是光吸收还是非光吸收的；光学基片还可以用在棱镜、全息光学元件或衍射光栅中。该基片可以用在诸如投影显示器、照明标志和交通信号之类的其它应用中。本发明的另一特性在于弯曲的(或复合角度)棱面使光导形貌更加模糊。由于这提高了显示器的视觉表现，所以它是一个优点。
任何谈及第一、第二等、或者前与后、左与右、顶部与底部、上与下、以及水平与竖直、或者任何其它相对于一个变量或量来叙述另一个的用语，除特别说明的以外，其目的都是为了方便描述本发明，而并不意图将本发明或其部件限制于任何一个位置或空间取向。附图中的部件的所有尺寸可以随可能的设计和所计划的对实施例的使用来变化，而不背离本发明的范围。
尽管已经参照本发明的若干实施例对其进行了描述，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解，在不背离本发明范围的情况下，可以对本发明做出各种改变，并且可以以等同物来替代其元件。另外，可以对本发明的教导做出很多变形来适应特定的条件或材料，而不背离本发明的实质范围。因此，本发明并不限于作为实施本发明的最佳模式而被公开的具体实施例，本发明应该包括落入所附权利要求范围中的所有实施例。

Claims (29)

1.一光学基片(110)，其包括：
包括一棱形体结构(116)的一表面(112)，所述表面特征在于：横截面具有以下等式描述的弯曲棱面：
z = cr 2 1 + 1 - ( 1 + k ) c 2 r 2 + dr 2 + er 4 + fr 6
其中z是所述棱形体(116)的棱面的表面(112)距离一直线的垂直偏差，其中所述直线从一第一参考点开始，终止于一第二参考点，所述多项式的系数在以下大致的范围内：-20＜c＜20，-10＜d＜10，-10＜e＜10，-10＜f＜10以及-1＜k，k小于或等于零，并且其中r是距离光轴的距离或径向坐标。
2.如权利要求1所述的光学基片，其中所述棱形体结构(116)包括具有预定的峰角α、高度h、长度l以及节距p的多个棱形体。
3.如权利要求2所述的光学基片，其中所述多个棱形体(116)包括至少一个准随机峰角α、高度h、长度l以及节距p。
4.如权利要求1所述的光学基片，其中所述棱形体(116)的峰角大于90度，所述基片的折射率大约在1.65和1.8之间。
5.如权利要求4所述的光学基片，其中所述峰角为100度。
6.一光学基片(110)，其包括：
包括一棱形体结构(116)的一表面，所述表面特征在于：峰角大于90度，并且折射率在大约1.65和1.8之间。
7.如权利要求6所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述峰角为100度。
8.一背光显示设备(100)，其包括：
用于产生光(104)的一光源(102)；
用于沿其对光(104)进行引导的一光导(106)，其包括沿所述光导(106)设置的一反射器件(108)，用于对所述光导(106)出来的光(104)进行反射；
可接收来自所述反射器件(108)的光(104)的一光学基片(110)，该光学基片(110)包括：
包括一棱形体结构(116)的一表面，所述表面特征在于横截面具有一弯曲棱面。
9.如权利要求8所述的背光显示设备，其中所述弯曲棱面被描述为多项式函数的一个片段。
10.如权利要求8所述的背光显示设备，其中所述多项式函数的所述片段被描述为等式：
z = cr 2 1 + 1 - ( 1 + k ) c 2 r 2 + dr 2 + er 4 + fr 6
其中z是所述棱形体的棱面的表面距离一直线的垂直偏差，其中所述直线从一第一参考点开始，终止于一第二参考点，所述多项式的系数在以下大致的范围内：-20＜c＜20，-10＜d＜10，-10＜e＜10，-10＜f＜10以及-1＜k，k小于或等于零，并且其中r是距离光轴的距离或径向坐标。
11.如权利要求8所述的背光显示设备，其中所述棱形体的峰角大于90度，并且所述基片的折射率大约在1.65和1.8之间。
12.如权利要求11所述的背光显示设备，其中所述峰角为100度。
13.如权利要求8所述的背光显示设备(100)，其中所述光学基片(110)是由折射率大约在1.65和1.8之间的、光学透明的材料形成的。
14.如权利要求10所述的背光显示设备(100)，其中所述光学基片(110)由折射率约为1.75的光学透明的材料形成。
15.一光学基片(110)，其包括：
包括一棱形体结构(116)的一表面(112)，所述表面特征在于：横截面具有多个棱面，所述棱面包括沿相对于所述棱形体的表面的一第一角度取向的一第一棱面(126)和沿相对于所述棱形体的表面的一第二角度取向的一第二棱面(124)，
其中所述第一和第二棱面(124、126)在所述棱形体的中心线的一侧相交，并且所述第一和第二角度不同。
16.如权利要求15所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述棱形体结构的峰角大于90度，并且所述基片的折射率大约在1.65和1.8之间。
17.如权利要求16所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述峰角为100度。
18.如权利要求1所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述棱形体结构(116)是紫外线可固化的有机或无机材料。
19.如权利要求6所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述棱形体结构(116)是紫外线可固化的有机或无机材料。
20.如权利要求8所述的背光显示设备(100)，其中所述棱形体结构是紫外线可固化的有机或无机材料。
21.如权利要求15所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述棱形体结构(116)是紫外线可固化的有机或无机材料。
22.如权利要求1所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述棱形体结构(116)包括一大于大约94度的峰角，并且其中c、d、e、f以及k约等于零。
23.如权利要求1所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述z的等式包括由总和 定义的r的更高次项，其中ai是系数，N是整数。
24.如权利要求10所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述棱形体结构(116)包括一大于大约94度的峰角，并且其中c、d、e、f以及k约等于零。
25.如权利要求10所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述z的等式包括由总和
Figure A2003801048360004C2
定义的r的更高次项，其中ai是系数，N是整数。
26.一光学基片(110)，其包括：
包括一棱形体结构(116)的一表面，所述表面特征在于：横截面具有由以下等式描述的棱面：
z = cr 2 1 + 1 - ( 1 + k ) c 2 r 2
其中z是所述棱形体的棱面的表面(112)距离一直线的垂直偏差，其中所述直线从一第一参考点开始，终止于一第二参考点。
27.如权利要求26所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述等式还包括一更高次项的总和：
+dr2+er4+fr6
其中其系数在以下大致的范围内：-20＜c＜20，-10＜d＜10，-10＜e＜10，-10＜f＜10以及-1＜k，k小于或等于零，并且其中r是距离光轴的距离或径向坐标。
28.一光学基片(110)，其包括：
包括一棱形体结构(116)的一表面，所述表面特征在于：横截面具有多个棱面，所述多个棱面在一顶点处相交，以相对界定出一峰角α。
29.如权利要求28所述的光学基片(110)，其中所述多个棱面形成一个或多个分别与所述棱形体的底部相对界定出β角和θ角的复合棱面。
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