CN1718310A - Shaping device of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub and shaping method thereof - Google Patents
Shaping device of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub and shaping method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1718310A CN1718310A CN 200510010214 CN200510010214A CN1718310A CN 1718310 A CN1718310 A CN 1718310A CN 200510010214 CN200510010214 CN 200510010214 CN 200510010214 A CN200510010214 A CN 200510010214A CN 1718310 A CN1718310 A CN 1718310A
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Abstract
A solid-state hot squeezing apparatus for shaping the Mg-alloy wheel hub is composed of upper die plate, male die and its heater, heat isolating plate between said upper die plate and male die, moulding cavity heater for left and right moulding cavities, heat isolating plate between female die and its die plate, push-out rod, and temp controller. Its shaping method includes such steps as blanking, heating, holding temp, preheating die set squeezing cutting, surface treating and ageing treating.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to magnesium alloy hub solid state heat extrusion molding apparatus and manufacturing process thereof.
Background technology:
Because serious day by day energy crisis and the atmosphere pollution that day by day worsens, countries in the world are more and more higher to the requirement of energy savings and environmental protection aspect.The engine exhaust of the vehicles such as automobile has become the No.1 killer of air-polluting.According to statistics, vehicle weight whenever alleviates 100kg, and the per 100 km oil consumption just reduces 0.7 liter, and the every reduction by 10% of automotive dead weight, fuel efficiency can also improve 5.5%.Therefore, alleviating of vehicle weight is the efficient ways that reduces energy consumption, purifies air.Even do not discharge the vehicles such as electric motor car of tail gas, weight reduction also is a kind of effective ways that energy savings consumes.Magnesium alloy is compared not only light with iron and steel, aluminium alloy and plastics, but also has better antivibration, anti-acoustic capability.As AS41 magnesium alloy vibration attenuation coefficient is 70%, and the A380 aluminium alloy has only 4%.Therefore, magnesium alloy is more suitable in the parts such as hub for vehicle wheel of making the vehicles.After the nineties in 20th century, along with improving constantly of smelting technique, the price of magnesium alloy descends year by year, and the price of unit volume has been near or below ferrous materials at present, and this makes the extensive use of magnesium alloy materials on the vehicles become a reality.
Problems such as the magnesium alloy hub of prior art manufacturing all is that it of carrying out processing and manufacturing with forging type with liquid magnesium alloy exists the crystal grain of casting process complexity, product big, density tissue is poor, fiber irrational distribution and poor mechanical property.
Summary of the invention:
Existing magnesium alloy hub manufacturing process complexity and magnesium alloy hub crystal grain density big, tissue is poor in order to solve in the present invention, the problem of fiber irrational distribution and poor mechanical property, a kind of building mortion and manufacturing process thereof of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub are provided, and the technical scheme of dealing with problems is as follows:
The building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub of the present invention, it comprises cope match-plate pattern 4, punch 3, punch retainer 22, pressing plate 18, lower bolster 14, die 16, back-up block 17, die backing plate 11, guide pillar 7, guide pin bushing 5, the upper end of punch 3 is embedded in the punch retainer 22, punch retainer 22 is fixedlyed connected with cope match-plate pattern 4 usefulness screws 15, the back-up block 17 of pressing plate 18 belows is seated on the die backing plate 11, die backing plate 11 is placed on the lower bolster 14, pressing plate 18, back-up block 17, die backing plate 11 and lower bolster 14 are screwed and link into an integrated entity, the upper end of guide pillar 7 places the bottom of guide pin bushing 5, fixedly connected with the lower end of cope match-plate pattern 4 in the upper end of guide pin bushing 5, the lower end of guide pillar 7 is fixed on the lower bolster 14, it also comprises the thermal insulation board 2 that is fixed between cope match-plate pattern 4 and the punch 3, punch 3 is provided with punch heater 21, mold cavity is divided into left half module 19 and right half module 6, on left half module 19 and right half module 6, be provided with die cavity heater 20, be provided with heat insulation backing plate 10 between die 16 and the die backing plate 11, knock-pin 12 is provided with bearing pin 13, punch heater 21, die cavity heater 20 is electrically connected with temperature controller 8.
The manufacturing process of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub of the present invention is finished by the following step:
One, wheel hub material selection magnesium alloy circle ingot casting or rolling bar;
Two, in room temperature or 250～400 ℃ of temperature range blankings;
Three, the blank of step 2 is heated, when the temperature of blank during less than 360 ℃, programming rate remains on 10～20 ℃/s; When blank temperature during greater than 360 ℃, programming rate remains on 2～6 ℃/s, and the temperature of blank heating is 250～450 ℃;
Four, the blank of heating via step 3 is incubated 1 hour in heating furnace, holding temperature is 250～450 ℃;
Five, via the magnesium alloy blank of step 4 insulation the chill crack defective takes place when contacting mould for preventing, before hot extrusion the left side of the mold cavity in the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub half module 19, right half module 6 and punch 3 are carried out preheating by die cavity heater 20, punch heater 21 respectively, preheat temperature is controlled at 250～450 ℃ by temperature controller 8;
Six, after the step 5 preheating reaches requirement, for reducing the frictional force between blank and extruding punch 3, mould 1, the die 16 and preventing mucous membrane, need to add lubricant, the blank of step 4 insulation is taken out the mould 1 of the building mortion of putting into solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub, push by hydraulic press, the extrusion temperature of blank is controlled at 250～450 ℃, extruding force P=1.3P
1F
2, P in the formula
1Be extrusion pressure, F is the punch projected area, and the translational speed of extruding punch 3 is controlled at 5～20mm/s; Squeeze out the magnesium alloy hub semi-finished product of shaping;
Seven, remove magnesium alloy hub semi-finished product gross weight with simple and easy hot trimming mould, milling machine or band saw.
Eight, adopt anode processing or plasma spray method to handle to the magnesium alloy hub blank surface after the step 7 processing;
Nine, to carrying out the surface-treated wheel hub through step 8, be incubated and obtain magnesium alloy hub after 12～18 hours 160～200 ℃ temperature range.
In existing practical engineering metal material, magnesium alloy is the proportion minimum, only be steel 1/4, aluminium 2/3, very approaching with plastics.Its specific strength, specific stiffness all are higher than ferrous materials, aluminium alloy and plastics.In addition, magnesium alloy also has fabulous shockproof properties, shock-resistant and anti-wear performance, and the materials processing cutting ability is good.
It has following advantage the magnesium alloy hub that the apparatus and method that the present invention adopts are made: 1, the solid plastic deformation process has saved casting preform operation, therefore the violent chemical reaction that liquid magnesium alloy and airborne oxygen produce when having avoided cast form simultaneously need not use fire retardant; 2, the forging ratio because of the solid state heat extrusion process is big, so the crystal grain of the magnesium alloy hub of solid state heat extruding is tiny, fibrous tissue distribution is more reasonable, it is finer and close to organize, mechanical property is better; 3, save casting preform operation, saved the equipment of fusing magnesium alloy, thereby reduced production cost and improved productivity ratio and security; 4, it also has light weight and desirable damping property, life-span length, conserve energy consumption and favorable environment protection.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the overall structure cut-away view of the shaped device of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the automotive hub of manufacturing process of the present invention and device manufacturing thereof, Fig. 3 is manufacturing process of the present invention and the structural representation that installs the automotive hub of the another kind of structure of making thereof, Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the urban light rail train wheel hub of manufacturing process of the present invention and device manufacturing thereof, and Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the electric vehicle hub of manufacturing process of the present invention and device manufacturing thereof.
The specific embodiment:
The specific embodiment one: the building mortion of the solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub of present embodiment is by cope match-plate pattern 4, punch 3, punch retainer 22, pressing plate 18, lower bolster 14, die 16, back-up block 17, die backing plate 11, thermal insulation board 2, punch heater 21, die cavity heater 20, temperature controller 8, heat insulation backing plate 10, knock-pin 12, bearing pin 13, guide pillar 7, guide pin bushing 5 is formed, the upper end of punch 3 is embedded in the punch retainer 22, punch retainer 22 is fixedlyed connected with cope match-plate pattern 4 usefulness screws 15, the back-up block 17 of pressing plate 18 belows is seated on the die backing plate 11, die backing plate 11 is placed on the lower bolster 14, pressing plate 18, back-up block 17, die backing plate 11 and lower bolster 14 are screwed and link into an integrated entity, the upper end of guide pillar 7 places the bottom of guide pin bushing 5, fixedly connected with the lower end of cope match-plate pattern 4 in the upper end of guide pin bushing 5, the lower end of guide pillar 7 is fixed on the lower bolster 14, thermal insulation board 2 by clamping between cope match-plate pattern 4 and punch 3, punch 3 is provided with punch heater 21, mold cavity divides left half module 19 and right half module 6, on left half module 19 and right half module 6, be provided with die cavity heater 20, punch heater 21, die cavity heater 20 is electrically connected with temperature controller 8, heat insulation backing plate 10 is by pressing plate 18, back-up block 17, die backing plate 11, and lower bolster 14 usefulness screws 9 fixing back clampings are between die 16 and die backing plate 11, and bearing pin 13 is plugged on the upper end of knock-pin 12.
The specific embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: the punch heater 21 of device is wrapped in the outer of punch 3 by resistance wire and places, be drilled with the jack of the resistance wire of inserting solid die cavity heater 20 on the left half module 19 of mold cavity and the right half module 6, in the resistance wire patchhole, temperature controller 8 is implemented the left half module 19 of punch 3, mold cavity, right half module 6 are controlled with the temperature of mould 1 by temperature probe.Annexation during other is formed is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: the device of present embodiment is equipped with knock-pin 12 in the bottom of mold cavity, the upper end of knock-pin 12 is provided with bearing pin 13, purpose be knock-pin 12 under the effect of hydraulic mechanism with mold cavity in magnesium alloy hub semi-finished product behind the extrusion molding jack-up that makes progress, this moment mold cavity left half module 19, right half module 6 is also followed and is moved up, in the process that moves under the effect of eccentric gravity or external force, laterally rotate around bearing pin 13 simultaneously, final position is limited on the inclined-plane of pressing plate 18, mold cavity left side half module 19, right half module 6 automatic mold splittings, the centre that can take out extrusion molding behind the branch mould smoothly is little, the circular magnesium alloy auto hub blank that two is big.
The specific embodiment four: the manufacturing process of the thermosetting attitude extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub of present embodiment is finished by the following step:
One, wheel hub material selection magnesium alloy circle ingot casting or rolling bar, model is AZ31, AZ61, AZ91, MB2, MB3, MB5, MB6, MB7, MB8, MB11, MB14, MB15;
Two, at room temperature adopt disk electric saw, lathe, quick milling machine and linear cutting equipment to carry out blanking, also can adopt in 250～400 ℃ of temperature ranges and carry out blanking with shearing machine;
Three, the blank with step 2 heats, and heating mode can adopt multiple modes such as heating furnace, electric furnace, induction coil, resistance wire, high temperature oil pipe and flame, and when blank temperature during less than 360 ℃, programming rate remains on 10～20 ℃/s; When blank temperature during greater than 360 ℃, programming rate remains on 2～6 ℃/s.Or the heat time heating time of calculating blank by the billet size size: diameter is pressed 1.5min/mm and is calculated heat time heating time less than the blank of 50mm; Diameter is pressed 2.5min/mm and is calculated heat time heating time greater than the blank of 100mm, and the blank heating temperature scope is 250～450 ℃;
Four, will be incubated 1 hour in heating furnace to the blank of heating via step 3, holding temperature is 250～450 ℃;
Five, via the magnesium alloy blank of step 4 insulation the chill crack defective takes place when contacting mould for preventing, before hot extrusion the left side of the mold cavity in the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub half module 19, right half module 6 and punch 3 are carried out preheating by die cavity heater 20, punch heater 21 respectively, preheat temperature is controlled at preheat temperature by the temperature probe of temperature controller 8 250～450 ℃ scope.Preheating method also can adopt the direct-fired mode of deep fat pipe heater, gasoline or alcohol blast burner to carry out;
Six, after the step 5 preheating reaches requirement, for reducing blank and extruding punch 3, frictional force between mould 1 and the die 16 and prevent mucous membrane, need punch 3 to device, mould 1 and die 16 spraying aqueous graphites, molybdenum bisuphide or animal oil lubricant are lubricated, improve die life, guarantee the quality of shaping hub surface, blank after the step 4 insulation is taken out the automotive hub mould 1 of putting into device to be pushed by hydraulic press, extrusion process mold temperature and blank temperature should be consistent, the extrusion temperature of blank is controlled at 250～450 ℃ scope, extruding force: the electric motor car AZ31 magnesium alloy solid state heat extruding wheel hub with diameter 200mm is an example, its extruding force P=1.3P
1F
2, P in the formula
1Be extrusion pressure, F is the punch projected area.During 345 ℃ in AZ31 magnesium alloy, extrusion pressure P
1Be 35Mpa, then extruding force
The translational speed of extruding punch 3 is controlled at 5～20mm/s, after squeezing out shaping magnesium alloy hub blank, knock-pin 12 in the device is under the effect of hydraulic mechanism, with left half module 19, right half module 6 and magnesium alloy hub semi-finished product are jack-up upwards together, this moment left half module 19, right half module 6 also moves up, left half module 19 in the process that moves, right half module 6 is under the effect of eccentric gravity or external force, laterally rotate around bearing pin 13 simultaneously, final position is limited on the inclined-plane of pressing plate 18, the left half module 19 of mold cavity, right half module 6 automatic mold splittings can be little with the centre of extrusion molding behind the branch mould, the big circular magnesium alloy auto hub semi-finished product in two take out smoothly;
Seven, remove gross weight on the magnesium alloy auto hub semi-finished product with simple and easy hot trimming mould, milling machine or band saw;
Eight, adopt anodization, plasma spray, pickling or electric plating method to handle to the magnesium alloy auto hub blank surface after the step 7 processing;
Nine, the automotive hub after the step 8 surface treatment is carried out artificial aging and handle, obtain better comprehensive mechanical performance with it, aging temperature is 160～200 ℃, is incubated and promptly gets magnesium alloy auto hub after 12～18 hours.
Said apparatus and method can make magnesium alloy auto hub, magnesium alloy motorcycle hub, magnesium alloy electric vehicle wheel hub, magnesium alloy train wheel hub (as Fig. 2, Fig. 3 Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5).
Claims (8)
1, the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub, it comprises cope match-plate pattern (4), punch (3), punch retainer (22), pressing plate (18), lower bolster (14), die (16), back-up block (17), die backing plate (11), guide pillar (7), guide pin bushing (5), the upper end of punch (3) is embedded in the punch retainer (22), punch retainer (22) is fixedlyed connected with screw (15) with cope match-plate pattern (4), the back-up block (17) of pressing plate (18) below is seated on the die backing plate (11), die backing plate (11) is placed on the lower bolster (14), pressing plate (18), back-up block (17), die backing plate (11) is fixedlyed connected with screw (9) with lower bolster (14) and is integral, the upper end of guide pillar (7) places the bottom of guide pin bushing (5), fixedly connected with the lower end of cope match-plate pattern (4) in the upper end of guide pin bushing (5), the lower end of guide pillar (7) is fixed on the lower bolster (14), it is characterized in that it also comprises the thermal insulation board (2) that is fixed between cope match-plate pattern (4) and the punch (3), punch (3) is provided with punch heater (21), mold cavity is divided into left half module (19) and right half module (6), on left half module (19) and right half module (6), be provided with die cavity heater (20), be provided with heat insulation backing plate (10) between die (16) and the die backing plate (11), knock-pin (12) is provided with bearing pin (13), punch heater (21), die cavity heater (20) is electrically connected with temperature controller (8).
2, the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that punch heater (21) is wrapped in by resistance wire on the outer round surface of punch (3) to constitute.
3, the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub according to claim 1, it is characterized in that thermal insulation board (2) by punch retainer (22) and cope match-plate pattern (4) with the fixing back of screw (15) clamping between cope match-plate pattern (4) and punch (3).
4, the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that constituting in the jack of heater (20) by resistance wire insertion mold cavity left side half module (19) and right half module (6).
5, the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub according to claim 1 is characterized in that bearing pin (13) is plugged on the upper end of knock-pin (12).
6, the manufacturing process of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub is characterized in that this manufacturing process finished by the following step:
One, wheel hub material selection magnesium alloy circle ingot casting or rolling bar;
Two, in room temperature or 250～400 ℃ of temperature range blankings;
Three, the blank of step 2 is heated, when the temperature of blank during less than 360 ℃, programming rate remains on 10～20 ℃/s; When blank temperature during greater than 360 ℃, programming rate remains on 2～6 ℃/s, and the temperature of blank heating is 250～450 ℃;
Four, the blank of heating via step 3 is incubated 1 hour in heating furnace, holding temperature is 250～450 ℃;
Five, before hot extrusion the left side of the mold cavity in the building mortion of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub half module (19), right half module (6) and punch (3) are carried out preheating by die cavity heater (20), punch heater (21) respectively, preheat temperature is 250～450 ℃;
Six, after the step 5 preheating reaches requirement, between punch (3), mould (1) and die (16), add lubricant, blank after the step 4 insulation is taken out the mould (1) of putting into the solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub building mortion, push by hydraulic press, the extrusion temperature of blank is controlled at 250～450 ℃, extruding force P=1.3P
1F
2, P in the formula
1Be extrusion pressure, F is the punch projected area, and the translational speed of extruding punch (3) is controlled at 5～20mm/s; Squeeze out the magnesium alloy hub semi-finished product of shaping;
Seven, remove magnesium alloy hub semi-finished product gross weight with simple and easy hot trimming mould, milling machine or band saw;
Eight, adopt anodization or plasma spray method to handle to the magnesium alloy hub surface after the step 7 processing;
Nine, to carrying out the surface-treated wheel hub through step 8, be incubated the magnesium alloy hub that obtains the solid state heat extrusion molding after 12～18 hours 160～200 ℃ temperature range.
7, the manufacturing process of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub according to claim 6 is characterized in that mold temperature and blank temperature are consistent in the extrusion process.
8, the manufacturing process of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the heat time heating time that the blank warm-up time calculates blank in the step 3 by the billet size size, diameter is pressed 1.5min/mm and is calculated heat time heating time less than the blank of 50mm; Diameter is pressed 2.5min/mm and is calculated heat time heating time greater than the blank of 100mm.
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| CNB2005100102148A CN1325191C (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2005-07-22 | Shaping device of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub and shaping method thereof |
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| CNB2005100102148A CN1325191C (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2005-07-22 | Shaping device of solid hot extrusion magnesium alloy wheel hub and shaping method thereof |
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| CN100450654C (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2009-01-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Warm static liquid extrusion method and mould for producing magnesium alloy wire or bar |
| CN101559458B (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2011-07-13 | 芜湖禾丰离合器有限公司 | Hub pressed-embedded mold |
| CN102554040A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-11 | 重庆科技学院 | Magnesium alloy sheet different temperature drawing mold |
| CN104874626A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-09-02 | 中北大学 | Process and device for forming magnesium alloy loading wheel disc through combined extruding in radial direction and reverse direction |
| CN104959509A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-07 | 重庆大学 | Combined die with temperature regulated in segmented and independent mode through numerical control |
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| CN102554040A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-11 | 重庆科技学院 | Magnesium alloy sheet different temperature drawing mold |
| CN102554040B (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2015-04-08 | 重庆科技学院 | Magnesium alloy sheet different temperature drawing mold |
| CN105385876A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-03-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Forming device and method for semi-solid slurry of nanometer SiC-particle-reinforced 7075-aluminum-based composite material |
| CN104874626A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-09-02 | 中北大学 | Process and device for forming magnesium alloy loading wheel disc through combined extruding in radial direction and reverse direction |
| CN104959509A (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-10-07 | 重庆大学 | Combined die with temperature regulated in segmented and independent mode through numerical control |
| CN104959509B (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2017-03-01 | 重庆大学 | Numerical control sectional independent temperature assembling die |
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| CN111745121A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 东北大学 | High-formability forging method and device for magnesium alloy hub |
| EP4144457A1 (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-03-08 | Citic Dicastal Co., Ltd. | Forging process of magnesium alloy wheel hub |
| CN114798791A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-29 | 北京魏桥国科新能源技术研究院有限公司 | Metal matrix composite hot extrusion lubricant replacing device and method |
| CN114798791B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-12-01 | 北京魏桥国科新能源技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for replacing metal matrix composite hot extrusion lubricant |
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