CN1714225A - 刀具衬片 - Google Patents
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical group [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
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Abstract
一种刀具衬片包括:基层(40);与该基层相结合的极硬磨料层(52),该极硬磨料层为所述刀具衬片提供了主切割刃(54);与所述极硬磨料相结合的保护层(56),用来保护主切割刃。所述保护层为刀具衬片提供了次切割刃(58),保护层的厚度被选定为当通过第一物质,如钻孔或竖井的套筒或衬层切割、铣或钻出一个窗口时,充分保护所述主切割刃,而在遇到第二物质,如岩石层时,使主切割刃暴露出来。本发明提供了一种使用旋转钻杆柱和包括本发明的刀具衬片的钻头在地下岩层中钻水平或带有角度的孔的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及刀具衬片,尤其是用作为地下岩石钻孔而准备的旋转钻头中的切割元件的刀具衬片。
背景技术
由于钻石刀具具有高耐磨性,在钻探操作中利用钻石压制块,也称为PCD作为刀具是公知的。已知钻石刀具不能令人满意地用于铣透和钻透含铁基体,例如钢。在某些沿孔钻探的操作中使用钻石刀具就会产生问题,特别是有关地下带有方向性的钻探,如在地下位置的垂直钻孔或竖井中水平地钻进岩床。
为了从地下的位置水平钻进岩床,必需使钻头从垂直方向的运动转变为水平方向的运动。如要这样做,钢套筒常沿着垂直的钻孔或竖井定位,在需要进行水平钻孔的区域中建立一个衬层。在钢套筒中相邻于要进行水平钻孔的地方放置了转向器。这个通常是楔形的转向器的功能是使钻头改变方向并开始铣透钢套筒以朝向岩床开个窗口。
由于与含铁材料相互作用,PCD不适合用于钻透钢套筒,需要一种替代的钻头衬片。因此,碳化钨切割刀就普遍地用于铣透钢套筒的钻头上。一旦透过钢套筒,为了钻进岩床,碳化钨衬片必须被更换为诸如钻石切割刀的耐磨切割刀所替换。这意味着要将钻头去除并换上合适的钻头。由于要被去除的钻柱很长,操作起来很耗时,其结果就是花掉许多时间。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,一种刀具衬片包括:
基层;
结合在基层上的极硬磨料层,该极硬磨料层具有侧表面和上表面,所述极硬磨料的上表面的周边的一部分为所述刀具衬片提供了主切割刃;以及
保护层,保护层的表面与极硬磨料的上表面和/或侧表面相结合以保护主切割刃,保护层的周边为所述刀具衬片提供了次切割刃,保护层的厚度被选定以便当通过第一物质切割、铣或钻出窗口时足以保护主切割刃,而当遇到第二物质时使主切割刃暴露出来,所述第一物质例如为钻孔或竖井的套筒或衬层,所述第二物质例如为岩床。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种在地下岩石层中钻出水平或有角度孔的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)准备用于水平或有角度钻孔的场地,通过a)使用一个已经存在的钻孔,或者如果没有,在地下岩石层中钻出一个合适深度的钻孔;b)至少在要进行水平或有角度钻孔的地方使该钻孔衬有套筒或衬层,所述套筒或衬层具有通道和安装在该通道中的转向器;
2)提供具有至少一个切割刀具衬片的钻头,该切割刀具衬片或每个切割刀具衬片包括基层、结合在基层上并为刀具衬片提供主切割刃的极硬磨料层、保护主切割刃并提供次切割刃的保护层;
3)沿着所述钻孔引导钻头,直到钻头接触到转向器并朝向套筒或衬层转向;
4)穿过套筒或衬层向地下岩石层铣出一窗口;
5)在地下岩石层中钻孔,
其中保护层的厚度是在铣透套筒或衬层时保护主切割刃,而当遇到地下岩石层时使主切割刃暴露出来。
上述方法也可用于从一个中央垂直钻孔钻出多个方向的孔。
附图说明
现在参照附图举例详细说明本发明,在附图中:
图1 在地下凿岩操作中的旋转钻头的示意侧剖面图;
图2 本发明中刀具衬片的第一实施例的侧剖面图;
图3 图2中的刀具衬片的平面图;
图4 本发明的刀具衬片的第二实施例的侧剖面图;
图5 本发明的刀具衬片的第三实施例的侧剖面图;
图6 图5中的刀具衬片的平面图;
图7 本发明的刀具衬片的第四实施例的侧剖面图;
图8 图7中的刀具衬片的平面图;
图9 本发明的刀具衬片的第五实施例的侧剖面图;
图10 图9中的刀具衬片的平面图。
具体实施方式
参见图1,钻头组件10包括旋转钻柱12和在此情况下为刮刀钻头的旋转钻头14。
所述钻头14被沿着管状钢套筒18中的通道16向下引导。该钢套筒18被锚定在钻进地下岩床或岩层22的钻孔或竖井20中。
为了使旋转钻头14在岩床22中“X”所指示的区域内钻出水平或带有角度的孔,需要再引导钻头14从垂直方向的运动沿着箭头24转变成水平方向或有角度方向的运动。转向器26被连接在套筒18中,并被事先放置在与区域“X”相邻的地方,以此方式该转向器使钻头14改变方向。转向器26由锚定器28所支撑。
如前面所提到的,为了钻透套筒18,传统上使用典型的碳化钨硬质合金刀具。一旦窗口30在套筒18上被铣透,钻头14就被撤出,而由具有诸如PCD刀的耐磨刀的钻头所替代。通过使用本发明的刀具衬片或刀,可以避免这种耗时的操作。
虽然在合适的情况下,极硬磨料层可以是PCBN,但该极硬磨料层通常是PCD层。该极硬磨料层也可以是通过化学气相沉积物制成的钻石层,该沉积物被称作CVD钻石。
所述刀具衬片的基层通常是一种硬质合金基层。这样的基层在本领域中是公知的,而且通常是碳化钨硬质合金基层。
虽然该保护层可以与基层不同级,但通常也是碳化钨硬质合金,所述保护层可以是基层的延伸部分,或是独立的层。在某些例子中,所述保护层由工具钢或其它适于铣透钢材和别的用于套筒或衬层材料的适当的材料构成。
参见图2和图3,本发明的刀具衬片的第一实施例如图所示。硬质合金基层40具有平底面42和上表面44,在上表面44中形成位于中心的凹进部分46,该凹进部分46被环状区域48环绕,并有一个表面50。尽管该凹进部分46在该实施例中位于中心处,它也可偏离中心。
凹进部分46被填上钻石颗粒。而后,填上钻石的基层40被放置于反应舱中,再将反应舱放于一种常见的高压/高温装置的反应区中。反应舱暴露于高压、高温环境中,该环境适于产生一种钻石研磨压缩块(PCD)52。在这样的条件下,PCD52形成并结合在硬质合金基层限定凹进部分46的整个表面上。PCD52的周边限定了切割刃54,该刀具衬片的主切割刃。
然后用公知的技术将硬质合金/PCD体从反应舱中取出。该硬质合金/PCD体构成了本发明的刀具衬片的前身。
为了制造一个本发明的刀具衬片,基层40的环状区域48被磨制或被去除,而使碳化钨材料保留出一个预先确定的厚度,如附图标记56所示。这个厚度56如上所述被选择为与铣透钻孔的钢套筒或衬层的壁所需的碳化钨材料的量相对应。因此,碳化钨的厚度56为PCD52的主切割刃54提供了一个保护层,并为铣透钢套筒提供了次切割刃58。一旦窗口在钢套筒上被铣出,理想地,所述层56几乎被消耗掉,以便将钻入岩床的切割刃54暴露出来。
在一些应用中,在碳化钨基层40具有形成PCD层52所需的性能时,可以没有铣透钢套筒或衬层所需的性能。鉴于此,环状保护层48可由不同级的碳化钨或其它适合的材料所代替,例如工具钢。环状区域48在此情况下可以就地形成为一圆环,或者形成为与刀具衬片相连接的独立的圆环部件。可利用例如铜焊、压配合、烧嵌或其它方便的方法将环状保护层18连接到已经被机加工而接纳所述圆环的刀具衬片上。
保护层的作用是保护PCD的切割刃并提供一个钻透钢基层的切割刃,它不需要是一个上面所述的刀具衬片的基层的延伸。如图4所示,本发明的刀具衬片的第二实施例包括碳化钨基层60、带有切割刃64的PCD层62和带有切割刃68的碳化钨覆盖保护层66。正如前所述,覆盖保护层66的厚度70被这样选定以便在地下岩床中钻孔的钢套筒或衬层上铣出窗口,一旦在该钢套筒上铣透窗口,就使PCD切割刃64暴露出来。
本发明的刀具衬片的第三实施例在附图中的图5和图6中示出。该刀具衬片包括硬质合金基层80、带有切割刃84的PCD层82和与基层80相结合的带有切割刃88的碳化钨保护部分86。该碳化钨保护部分86可以是基层80的延伸部分。或者,如果碳化钨基层80的等级不适于切割特级钢,所述碳化钨部分86可由不同级的适于铣出的特定基层的碳化钨构成。同样,再次选定碳化钨部分86的厚度使其在钻透钢套筒时保护切割刃84,而在遇到地下岩床之后很快暴露出切割刃84。
参见图7和8,这些附图示出了本发明的刀具衬片的第四实施例,碳化钨基层90包括多个平行的凹进部分92,平行的PCD部分或条94在所述凹进部分中形成。该PCD部分94由各碳化钨部分或条96来保护。在这样的结构中,各PCD部分94的切割刃98由依次带有切割刃100的碳化钨部分96来保护。这种结构允许刀具衬片用于切透连续的钢层和地下岩床,并且因而能够被多次使用。
参见图9和图10,本发明的刀具衬片的第五实施例包括基层110,在其上形成一个PCD层112。通常,该基层110和PCD层112是在一种传统的高压/高温装置中形成的,此后该基层的相关部分将被磨掉以使PCD层112的主切割刃114暴露出来。为了在本发明的地下凿岩过程中保护切割刃114,基层110和PCD层112被铜焊到一个杯状体116中,该杯状体通常用一种高速工具钢制成,该杯状体116包括用于铣透地下岩床中的钻孔中的钢套筒或衬层的切割刃118。
正如上述所表明的,为了实现在地下岩床中的钻孔的钢套筒或衬层上铣出窗口的同时保护PCD或PCBN层的主切割刃、一旦穿透钢套筒就将PCD或PCBN暴露出来的目的,本发明的刀具衬片可以具有多种不同的结构。
Claims (14)
1.一种刀具衬片,包括:
基层;
结合在基层上的极硬磨料层,该极硬磨料层具有侧表面和上表面,所述极硬磨料的上表面的周边的一部分为所述刀具衬片提供了主切割刃;以及
保护层,保护层的表面与极硬磨料的上表面和/或侧表面相结合以保护主切割刃,保护层的周边为所述刀具衬片提供了次切割刃,保护层的厚度被这样选定以便当通过第一物质切割、铣削或钻出窗口时足以保护主切割刃,而当遇到第二物质时使主切割刃暴露出来。
2.如权利要求1所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述基层是碳化钨基层。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述保护层与基层一体形成,并且由与基层相同的材料形成。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述保护层就地形成为一独立的部件。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述保护层形成为一独立的部件,该部件与极硬磨料的上表面和/或侧表面相结合。
6.如前述任一权利要求所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述保护层以环形的形式设置,该圆环围绕极硬磨料层的周边设置。
7.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述保护层是与极硬磨料的上表面相结合的覆盖层。
8.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述保护层形成了邻近极硬磨料层与基层相结合的一个部分。
9.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,多个交替的极硬磨料条和多个保护层条被置于基层上,所述多个连续的极硬磨料条提供了一系列的主切割刃,所述多个连续的保护层条提供了一系列的次切割刃。
10.如前述任一权利要求所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,所述保护层是由与基层的材料类型相同但级数不同的材料、或工具钢、或取决于第一物质的其它合适的材料形成。
11.如前述任一项权利要求所述的刀具衬片,其特征在于,第一物质是指在岩床中的钻孔或竖井的套筒或衬层,而第二物质是岩床。
12.一种在地下岩石层中钻出水平或有角度孔的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)准备用于水平或有角度钻孔的场地,通过a)使用一个已经存在的钻孔,或者如果没有,在地下岩石层中钻出一个合适深度的钻孔;b)至少在要进行水平或有角度钻孔的地方使该钻孔衬有套筒或衬层,所述套筒或衬层具有通道和安装在该通道中的转向器;
2)提供具有至少一个切割刀具衬片的钻头,该切割刀具衬片或每个切割刀具衬片包括:基层;结合在基层上的极硬磨料层,所述极硬磨料层为刀具衬片提供主切割刃;以及用于保护主切割刃并提供次切割刃的保护层;
3)沿着所述钻孔引导钻头,直到钻头接触到转向器并朝向套筒或衬层转向;
4)穿过套筒或衬层向地下岩石层铣出一窗口;
5)在地下岩石层中钻孔,
其中保护层的厚度是这样的:在铣透套筒或衬层时保护主切割刃,而当遇到地下岩石层时使主切割刃暴露出来。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法用于从一个中央垂直钻孔钻出多个方向的孔。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述切割刀具衬片如权利要求1至11中的任一项所述。
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US (1) | US20060144621A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1565642B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100557188C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE493559T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003259458A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2504518C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60335568D1 (zh) |
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ZA200503785B (en) | 2006-08-30 |
CA2504518A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
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US20060144621A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
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