CN1710782A - Bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator and control method - Google Patents
Bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1710782A CN1710782A CN 200510040266 CN200510040266A CN1710782A CN 1710782 A CN1710782 A CN 1710782A CN 200510040266 CN200510040266 CN 200510040266 CN 200510040266 A CN200510040266 A CN 200510040266A CN 1710782 A CN1710782 A CN 1710782A
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Abstract
The generator includes stator, rotor without winding. Torsion winding and suspension winding are sheathed on the stator. Torsion winding implements the functions of starting up and generating electricity. Superposing magnetic field generated by suspension winding on bias magnetic field generated by torsion winding produce variable lift force so as to realize stable suspension of rotor. Current control method of torsion winding includes following three modes: current chop, modulation of angle position and pulse width modulation. Synthesizing the said three modes, four methods for controlling suspension are adopted in the invention to calculate given suspension current value. Integrating roles of starter, generator and magnetic bearing, the disclosed generator possesses wide application and important meaning in areas of aviation and spaceflight.
Description
One, technical field
Bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator of the present invention and control method, the switch magnetic-resistance starting generator of genus electric machinery.
Two, background technology
Present switch magnetic-resistance starting generator is simple in structure, firm, cost is low, reliable operation, control is flexible, operational efficiency is high, fault-tolerant ability is strong, has advantages such as High Temperature And Velocity adaptability.But the mechanical bearing wearing and tearing that the rotor high-speed operation causes aggravate, and have shortened the useful life of bearing and motor, have also increased the burden of motor and bearing maintenance.Owing to switched reluctance machines rotor biconvex electrode structure, cause the torque pulsation and the electromagnetic noise of motor, the range of application of switched reluctance machines is restricted.
Three, summary of the invention
1. the objective of the invention is to no bearing technology is applied in the switch magnetic-resistance starting generator.Overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, improve the reliability of motor and system, and realize the purpose of the vibration and noise reducing of switched reluctance machines.
Bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator of the present invention comprises stator, and rotor does not have winding on the rotor, be characterized in, is with on the stator to concentrate torque winding and suspending windings.In the control system of this starter-generator, torque winding power converter using three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topological circuit structure, the suspending windings power inverter adopts three-phase four-arm topological circuit structure.The composition of described three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topological circuit is, in the three-phase each all is mutually, the power switch pipe that links to each other with positive source is connected in one and is connected in another power switch pipe that links to each other with power cathode and power supply formation loop again behind the torque winding mutually, between each phase torque winding anode tie point and power cathode, be connected an anti-phase diode, between each phase torque winding negative terminal tie point and positive source, also be connected an anti-phase diode.The composition of described three-phase four-arm topological circuit is: each brachium pontis of three-phase four-arm is connected on the positive and negative two ends of power supply after connecting by two power switch pipes, diode of the equal reverse parallel connection of the power switch pipe of each brachium pontis, the 2nd, 3, the series connection point of two power switch pipes of 4 three brachium pontis is connected in the anode of A, B, C three-phase suspending windings separately successively, and the series connection point of two power switch pipes of Bridge 1 arm all is connected in A, B, C three-phase suspending windings negative terminal.
The control method of torque winding current can adopt traditional current chopping control method (CCC), angle position control method (APC), pulse width modulation control method (PWM).
According to the above-mentioned three kinds of current control methods of torque winding, correspondingly adopt the suspension control method of following four kinds of suspending windings: 1. under the CCC method, three-phase torque winding passes to electric current by excitation phase suspending windings and produces suspending power every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn.The torque current value of once sampling is calculated given suspension electric current.2. under the CCC method, three-phase torque winding is every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn.At excitation stage timing sampling/refresh the torque current value, the given suspension current value of dynamic calculation is by suspension current controller tracing preset suspension current value, to produce suitable suspending power.3. under the APC method, timing sampling/refresh excitation phase torque current value till next excitation begins the excitation conducting mutually, when next phase excitation conducting, timing sampling/refresh the torque current of this phase so moves in circles again.According to the torque current value of sampling, calculate given suspension current value, by suspension current controller tracing preset suspension current value, to produce suitable suspending power.4. under the PWM method, three-phase torque winding is every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn.At excitation stage timing sampling/refresh the torque current value, calculate given suspension current value, by suspension current controller tracing preset suspension current value, to produce suitable suspending power.
The present invention compared with prior art, more compact structure, volume is little, and is in light weight, reduced mechanical wear of the prior art, improved reliability and high speed adaptability, increased useful life, reduced noise of motor and torque pulsation.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator structural representation.
Label title among Fig. 1: 1. stator, 2. rotor, 3. torque winding, 4. suspending windings.
Fig. 2 bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator winding coiling connection diagram.
Literal title: A among Fig. 2
α, B
α, C
αBe respectively the suspending windings of A phase, B phase, C phase α direction, A
β, B
β, C
βIt is respectively the suspending windings of A phase, B phase, C phase β direction.A
m, B
m, C
mIt is respectively the torque winding of A phase, B phase, C phase.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator radial load produces.
Designation among Fig. 3: N
MaBe the torque winding, N
Sa1With N
Sa2It is suspending windings; Right figure among Fig. 3 is the polar plot of suspending power F, and α represents horizontal direction, and β represents vertical direction.
Fig. 4 is the three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topological circuit schematic diagram of torque winding power converter.
Designation among Fig. 4: C
mBe electric capacity, T
1~ T
6Be power switch pipe, D
1~ D
6Be diode, A, B, C are respectively A, B, C three-phase torque winding.
Fig. 5 is a suspending windings power inverter three-phase four-arm topological circuit schematic diagram.
Designation among Fig. 5: U
sBe supply voltage, C is an electric capacity, T
1~ T
8Be power switch pipe, D
1~ D
8The time diode, A
s, B
s, C
sBe respectively A, B, C three-phase suspending windings.
Five, embodiment
Bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator structural representation shown in Figure 1 is the schematic cross-section of the bearing-free switch reluctance motor of 12/8 structure.Motor of the present invention comprises stator 1, the rotor 2 of no winding, be characterized in being embedded with simultaneously on stator 1 tooth concentrated torque winding 3 and suspending windings 4, the power inverter of torque winding adopts three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topological circuit structure, and the power inverter of suspending windings adopts three-phase four-arm topological circuit structure.Shown in Figure 2 is the bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator torque winding of 12/8 structure and the connection diagram of suspending windings.A phase torque winding A among Fig. 4
m, by A
mFour torque windings that advance successively the A phase are together in series to A mutually
mGo out, in like manner, B phase torque winding B
m, by B
mFour torque windings that advance successively the B phase are together in series to B mutually
mGo out C phase torque winding C
m, by C
mFour torque windings that advance successively the C phase are together in series to C mutually
mGo out.The annexation of suspending windings is: the suspending windings A of A phase α direction
α, by A
αTwo suspending windings advancing successively A phase α direction are together in series mutually to A
αGo out the suspending windings B of B phase α direction
α, by B
αTwo suspending windings advancing successively B phase α direction are together in series mutually to B
αGo out the suspending windings C of C phase α direction
α, by C
αTwo suspending windings advancing successively C phase α direction are together in series mutually to C
αGo out; The suspending windings A of A phase β direction
β, by A
βTwo suspending windings advancing successively A phase β direction are together in series mutually to A
βGo out the suspending windings B of B phase β direction
β, by B
βTwo suspending windings advancing successively B phase β direction are together in series mutually to B
βGo out the suspending windings C of C phase β direction
β, by C
βTwo suspending windings advancing successively C phase β direction are together in series mutually to C
βGo out.
The basic functional principle of this bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator is, the torque winding is made the starting-generating function, the bias magnetic field stack that magnetic field that suspending windings produces and torque winding produce makes the relative stator utmost point both sides gap density of energising inhomogeneous, thereby produce monolateral magnetic pull, change suspending power by the size of regulating the suspension electric current rotor stability is suspended.
The schematic diagram that bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator radial load shown in Figure 3 produces is the sectional view of one 12/8 structure bearing-free switch reluctance motor, the schematic diagram of the motor stator one phase winding A phase of briefly having drawn among the figure.The A phase winding is made up of three cover coils, is respectively: torque winding N
Ma, suspending windings N
Sa1With suspending windings N
Sa2Torque winding N
MaConnect on four relative stator tooths by four sections coils.Suspending windings N
Sa1Connect on two relative stator tooths N by two sections coils
Sa2Similar N
Sa1As torque winding N
MaAfter passing to the electric current of direction as shown, produce four utmost point magnetic fluxs shown in the solid line, under the uninfluenced situation of rotor, air gap 1 place is identical with the magnetic flux density at air gap 2 places; Give suspending windings N this moment
Sa1Pass to the electric current of direction as shown, produce the two poles of the earth magnetic flux shown in the dotted line, air gap 1 place torque winding is identical with the magnetic direction that suspending windings produces, air gap flux density strengthens, and the magnetic direction that air gap 2 places torque winding and suspending windings produce is opposite, air gap flux density weakens, and the result causes the close magnetic greater than air gap 2 places of the magnetic at air gap 1 place close, thereby the eccentric magnetic pull that rotor is subjected to the right moves right.When changing suspending windings N
Sa1In the sense of current time, rotor will be subjected to left power and to left movement.The power of β direction is by torque winding and suspending windings N
Sa2In the function of current produce, the suspending power of any direction can be synthesized by the suspending power of α direction and β direction and produces thus.
The suspending power F of α direction
αSuspending power F with the β direction
βCan following formulate:
F
α＝K
f(θ)i
mai
s1
F
β＝K
f(θ)i
mai
s2
Torque T
aExpression formula:
T
a＝J
i(θ)(2N
m 2i
ma 2+N
b 2i
s1 2+N
b 2i
s2 2)
From the expression formula of above suspending power and torque, level of torque is only relevant with size of current, and irrelevant with current direction.Regulate the size of suspending power and torque, can realize by regulating main winding and suspending windings size of current.So power inverter should be a current mode.Regulate the direction of suspending power, following three kinds of compound modes arranged:
A. it is constant to keep main winding current to flow to, and regulates the suspending windings current direction and regulates the suspending power direction;
B. keep the suspending windings current direction constant, the adjusting main winding current flows to regulates the suspending power direction;
C. regulate main winding simultaneously and the suspending windings current direction is regulated the suspending power direction.
From above three kinds of controlling schemes, obviously the c scheme is the most complicated, and the flow direction of two kinds of winding currents and size are all controlled, can give up.And in the b scheme, because the torque winding on four salient poles of motor stator is cascaded, when the torque winding current on changing a direction (α) flows to, the torque winding current that will certainly change on the another one direction (β) flows to, force direction on the both direction is changed simultaneously, bring very big inconvenience to control.And in scheme a, only regulate suspending windings (as α) current direction, just can change the power (F on equidirectional
α) direction and do not influence power (F on the another one direction (β)
β) direction, can regulate the size and Orientation of power on the both direction easily like this.
As can be known above-mentioned, the torque winding is that adjustable size can be provided to the basic demand of power inverter, the fixable electric current of direction.Suspending windings is that adjustable size can be provided to the basic demand of power inverter, the electric current that direction is also adjustable.
Therefore, torque winding current size variation, direction is constant, and is similar to the electric current characteristics in the switched reluctance machines winding, so select the power inverter circuit of three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topology as the torque winding for use.Each is independent mutually for this topology, and control is simple, has fault-tolerant ability.The requirement of suspending windings power inverter provides all adjustable electric current of size and Orientation, the three-phase four-arm topology is well positioned to meet this requirement, and because it has avoided the split capacitor mid-point voltage drifting problem that occurs under the circuit suspension limit load situation with two split capacitors of two switching tubes replacement three-phase half-bridge topologies of public brachium pontis.
The three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topological circuit schematic diagram that power inverter adopted of torque winding as shown in Figure 4.Annexation as the A phase is to be connected in power switch pipe T successively by positive source
1, A phase torque winding A, power switch pipe T
2To power cathode and power supply formation loop, at torque winding A anode and power switch pipe T
2Output between backward diode D in parallel
2, at power switch pipe T
1A backward diode D in parallel between input and the torque winding negative terminal
1B is mutually the same with A with the circuit connecting relation of C phase mutually, no longer repeats.
The three-phase four-arm topology theory figure that power inverter adopted of suspending windings as shown in Figure 5.Be that each brachium pontis is by two power switch pipe T
1With T
2, T
3With T
4, T
5With T
6, T
7With T
8Series connection, No. four series circuits all are connected in parallel on the power supply positive and negative electrode, above-mentioned each power switch pipe diode all in parallel.The series connection point of two power switch pipes of above-mentioned the 2nd, 3,4 three series circuit separately with A mutually, the suspending windings A of B phase, C phase
s, B
s, C
sPositive pole link to each other; The suspending windings A of A phase, B phase, C phase
s, B
s, C
sNegative terminal be connected in the 1st the series connection road two power switch pipe T
1With T
2Series connection point.
Torque winding current control method and suspending windings suspension control method:
Suspension control method is determined based on the control method of torque current.Its final purpose is to calculate the given electric current of suspending windings, and suspending windings controller tracing preset suspension current value is realized suspending.Wherein, the relation of suspending power and torque current, suspension electric current has following formula:
F＝K
f(θ)i
mi
s
Wherein, θ is a rotor position angle, K
f(θ) be the function of the rotor position angle and the parameter of electric machine, i
mBe the torque current value, i
sIt is the suspension current value.
1. current chopping control method (CCC)
By output voltage error Signal Regulation current chopping limit I
MaxControl main switch break-make, thus realization is to the control of power output.
Suspension control method: 1. three-phase torque winding passes to electric current by excitation phase suspending windings and produces suspending power every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn.Because torque winding current copped wave control, the excitation stage, torque current was at I
MaxFluctuation can be with I
MaxAs torque current i
mThe above-mentioned formula of substitution, given suspension current i
sBe worth to determine.The method improves the system dynamics response speed because the torque current of only need once sampling/refresh can shorten the digital control time of DSP greatly.2. three-phase torque winding is every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn.At excitation stage timing sampling/refresh the torque current value, calculate given suspension current value, by suspension current controller tracing preset suspension current value, to produce suitable suspending power.The method is owing to the torque current value of repeatedly sampling/refresh in the excitation stage, and it is 1. big than method to take the DSP resource, so under the current chopping control method, preferentially adopt suspension control method 1..
2. angle position control method (APC)
By regulating turn-on angle θ
On, close angle of rupture θ
OffTwo Control Parameter are regulated exciting current, realize the control to output voltage.
Suspension control method: because turn-on angle θ
On, close angle of rupture θ
OffUnfixing, so can't guarantee three phase windings every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn, two kinds of suspension control methods under the current chopping control method are no longer suitable.Under the APC method, timing sampling/refresh excitation phase torque current value till next excitation begins the excitation conducting mutually, when next phase excitation conducting, timing sampling/refresh the torque current value of this phase so moves in circles again.According to the torque current value of sampling, calculate given suspension current value, by suspension current controller tracing preset suspension current value, to produce suitable suspending power.
3. pulse width modulation control method (PWM)
On the main switch control signal, apply the PWM modulation signal, recently regulate exciting voltage and realize control to exciting current, the final control that realizes power output by changing duty.
Suspension control method: three-phase torque winding is every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn.At excitation stage timing sampling/refresh the torque current value, calculate given suspension current value, by suspension current controller tracing preset suspension current value, to produce suitable suspending power.
The present invention will not have bearing technology and is used for switch magnetic-resistance starting generator and not only can gives full play to its high speed adaptability, most importantly be expected to make engine performance such as full electricity/how electric aircraft, naval vessels to be promoted comprehensively:
2. the axial length of engine shortens significantly, and structure can be more compact, and the volume and weight of engine can further reduce;
3. improved the critical whirling speed of engine shaft, even if the rotating speed of engine and power output still can improve largely under the situation that volume reduces;
4. for the vibration that reduces the switched reluctance machines vibration and cause engine thus provides a kind of new effective solution, for major obstacle is cleared away in the application of switched reluctance machines on the aviation starter-generator;
5. torque winding in the bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator and Suspension Control winding all possess fault-tolerant ability on function, because two cover winding constructions have similitude, two cover winding functions can be switched mutually under special circumstances, can further improve the redundancy of full electricity/many electric engines;
6. owing to discharged between suitable engine air, to bring many facilities for lubricated, the cooling of engine interior and the design of electric pipeline, cancel the engine structure design and gone up many restrictions, thereby created condition for the optimization of engine overall performance, promoted comprehensive lifting of full electricity/many electric engines performance.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator, the rotor (2) that comprises stator (1) and no winding, it is characterized in that, be set with on the stator poles and concentrate torque winding (3) and suspending windings (4), torque winding power converter using three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topological circuit, the suspending windings power inverter adopts the three-phase four-arm topological circuit.
2, bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the composition of three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge topological circuit is, in the three-phase each is connected in a switching power tube, torque winding, another switching power tube to power cathode and power supply formation loop successively by positive source, a backward diode in parallel between the power switch pipe input that links to each other with positive source and torque winding negative terminal, backward diode in parallel between the output of the power switch pipe that torque winding anode links to each other with power cathode.
3, bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, each brachium pontis of three-phase four-arm is by two power switch pipe series connection backs and connect the positive and negative two ends of power supply, diode of the equal reverse parallel connection of the power switch pipe of each brachium pontis, the series connection point of two power switch pipes of the 1st brachium pontis is connected in the negative terminal of three suspending windings of A phase, B phase, C phase respectively, and the series connection point of two power switch pipes of the 2nd, 3,4 three brachium pontis is connected in the anode of A phase suspending windings, B phase suspending windings, C phase suspending windings separately successively.
4, a kind of control method of bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator, its torque winding current control method adopts current chopping control method (CCC), angle position control method (APC), pulse width modulation control method (PWM) respectively, it is characterized in that, adopt four kinds of suspension control methods according to above-mentioned three kinds of current control methods: 1. under the CCC method, three-phase torque winding is every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn, pass to electric current by excitation phase suspending windings and produce suspending power, the torque current value of once sampling is calculated given suspension electric current; 2. under the CCC method, three-phase torque winding is every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn, at excitation stage timing sampling/refresh the torque current value, calculates given suspension current value; 3. under the APC method, timing sampling/refresh excitation phase torque current value till next excitation begins the excitation conducting mutually is when next phase excitation conducting, timing sampling/the refresh torque current of this phase again, so move in circles,, determine given suspension current value according to the torque current value of sampling; 4. under the PWM method, three-phase torque winding is every 15 degree excitation conductings in turn, at excitation stage timing sampling/refresh the torque current value, calculates given suspension current value.
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| CNB200510040266XA CN100385774C (en) | 2005-05-27 | 2005-05-27 | Bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator and control method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB200510040266XA CN100385774C (en) | 2005-05-27 | 2005-05-27 | Bearing-free switch magnetic-resistance starting generator and control method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN100385774C CN100385774C (en) | 2008-04-30 |
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