CN1697232A - Battery and equipment or device having the battery as part of structure and locally distributed power generation method and power generation device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A three-dimensional battery of a layered type comprising plural pairs of uni t batteries each comprising a pair of cells connected with a member interposed therebetween that permits passage of an ion but does not permit passage of an electron, a powdered active material put in and suspended in an electrolytic solution filled in one of t he cells to discharge the electron, and a powdered active material put in and suspended in an electrolytic solution filled in the other cell to absorb the electron, the plural pairs of batteri es being integrally connected in series with conductive current collecting members placed so as to define separating walls of the respective cells and be in contact with the powdered active materials, wherein the cells on opposite sides are provided with current collectors tha t are in contact with the powdered active materials and respectively function as a cathode an d an anode.

Description

Battery, device or apparatus having the battery as a partial structure, and method and apparatus for generating electricity in distributed region

This application is a divisional application of a national application having an application date of 2000, 3/27, and an application number of 00805763.X (international application number of PCT/JP00/01860), entitled "battery and device or apparatus having the battery as a partial structure and method and apparatus for generating electricity by regional dispersion type".

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a battery, a device or apparatus having the battery as a partial structure, a distributed power generation method, and a power generation apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a battery of a ternary structure capable of storing large electric power, which is composed of a powder active material, a device or apparatus having the battery as a partial structure, a long-life alkaline primary battery and alkaline secondary battery, which are less likely to lower a discharge voltage, a method of generating electric power by a regionally dispersed system using power of a mobile/transportation apparatus such as a motorcycle, a motor tricycle, an automobile, or a ship, and a power generation apparatus.

Technical Field

Although the present invention relates to a battery, the problems to be solved by the present invention can be roughly divided into the following 5 problems in view of the conventional art.

That is, the first problem is to provide a battery in which the drawbacks of the conventional battery are improved, and the structure thereof is to impregnate an active material occupying a certain volume such as a plate-like, cylindrical, or the like in an electrolytic solution, the second problem is to provide a ternary battery having a large power capacity which is practically impossible in the conventional battery, the third problem is to provide a practical use of the ternary battery as a means for solving the first or second problem, the fourth problem is to provide a long-life alkaline primary battery or alkaline secondary battery in which a discharge voltage is not easily lowered, and the fifth problem is to provide a region-dispersed power generation method using the ternary battery and a power generation device thereof. The first to fifth problems will be explained in order in comparison with the prior art.

1. Prior art and first problem

Conventionally, batteries have been constructed by immersing an active material in an electrolyte solution in the form of a plate, a cylinder, or a cylinder. Then, a plate-shaped electrolyte plate is sandwiched between the cathode and the anode to form a laminated structure.

For example, Japanese patent application laid-open No. 7-169513 discloses a method and an apparatus for continuously generating electricity by thermally or chemically regenerating a discharged battery material by using the combustion heat of fossil fuel.

However, such a conventional battery has the following problems.

(1) Scale-up is not possible.

The current flowing in the cell is proportional to the area of the membrane. For example, the membrane area is 1m²When a 1W cell is formed and it is made to 100kW, 10 hundred million m is required²The area of (a). When the square is formed, it is about 32km square, and it is practically impossible to form a flange or the like. Even if increasedThe number of membranes corresponds to that, and scale-up is likewise not possible.

(2) Cannot correspond to deterioration of the active material and the catalyst.

In the conventional battery, since the active material, the catalyst, and the like are used as the constituent materials of the battery, only the entire battery can be replaced when the battery is deteriorated, but the replacement is practically impossible, and only the deteriorated battery is discarded.

(3) A heat transfer body that generates heat and absorbs heat in association with charge and discharge cannot be provided.

Since heat is generated and absorbed along with the charge and discharge of the battery, the conversion efficiency of electricity is lowered when the temperature is high, and the reaction rate is lowered when the temperature is low, a heat transfer body is required to be provided in the battery to adjustthe temperature to a suitable level due to the characteristics of the battery. However, since the conventional battery has a complicated structure, a heat transfer body cannot be provided. In addition, since the battery is small and the battery surface area with respect to power is also small, a system of naturally standing for cooling or absorbing heat is adopted. Although there is also an example in which the upper limit temperature is set using a temperature fuse or the like, a temperature control device is not provided.

(4) The energy density is small.

In previous batteries, the current was proportional to the membrane area. Thus, for example, the membrane area is 1m²In the case of the 1W battery (1), 100 ten thousand membranes having an area of 1m were required for producing a 1000kW battery²A film-like battery having a width of 0.1m and a size of 100000m³Therefore, it is impossible to increase the energy density.

The first invention has been made in view of the above points, and a first object to be solved by the first invention is to provide a battery having a structure in which an active material is made into a powder, and the powder is contained in a container to constitute a battery, whereby the scale can be enlarged, and a heat transfer body can be provided in the battery in accordance with regeneration, replacement, or the like of a deteriorated active material/catalyst, and the energy density can be increased.

2. Prior art and second subject

In the conventional battery structure, an active material is shaped, processed into a predetermined shape such as a plate shape, a cylindrical shape, or a cylindrical shape, and then immersed in an electrolyte solution, and the electrolyte plate is sandwiched between a positive electrode and a negative electrode to form a laminated structure,that is, a nickel-hydrogen battery or the like is laminated as shown in fig. 49, and a collector body 431, a positive electrode 432, a separator 433, a negative electrode 434, and a collector body 435 are sequentially adhered to each other. This example is described in, for example, Japanese patent application laid-open No. 9-298067. The battery disclosed in the same publication is a battery having a structure in which a plurality of basic cells (unit cells) each having a positive electrode mainly composed of nickel hydroxide, a negative electrode mainly composed of a hydrogen absorbing alloy, a separator composed of a polymer nonwoven fabric, and an electrolyte composed of an alkaline aqueous solution are connected in series and housed in a metal rectangular container, and the opening portion is sealed with a sealing plate having a reversible vent hole (ベント).

The conventional battery 430 having the above-described structure is formed of a film structure (binary), and generally, when the battery 430 is made to have a large capacity, the battery is wound in an elongated manner as shown in fig. 50 to be thin, and the unit cells 430 are connected in parallel as shown in fig. 51, or a plurality of unit cells 430 are sandwiched between a plurality of electrode plates 436 as shown in fig. 52, and lead wires 437 connecting the respective electrode plates 436 are extended out of the battery, and these electrodes are connected to electrode plates 438 having different polarities of other unit cells to form a stacked structure.

However, the conventional batteries shown in FIGS. 49 to 52 still have the following undesirable problems.

(1) Scaling up is still a limitation.

That is, the conventional battery is formed of a membrane structure (binary), and since the current flowing in the battery is proportional to the membrane area, for example, 1m²When generating 1W of power, it is necessary to generate 10kW of power in an area of (100X 100) m²The area of (a). In addition, although it is considered that the number of films is increased or the films are wound in rolls in an enlarged manner, the film is bulky in any case, and thus it is difficult to put the film into practical use. Therefore, the batteries must be connected in parallel, resulting in a considerably complicated overall structure.

(2) The manufacturing cost is extremely high with the increase in capacity.

That is, in order to obtain a large capacity, the membrane area of the membrane structure battery must be increased in proportion, and the manufacturing cost is also increased in proportion to the increase in the battery capacity. Therefore, the manufacturing cost is not advantageous due to the scale-up.

(3) Cannot correspond to deterioration of the battery.

That is, since the active material is fixed in a plate shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like as a constituent member of the battery, only the active material cannot be replaced during deterioration, and the entire battery must be replaced.

(4) When the batteries are connected in series, the apparatus cost and the impedance energy loss of the connection part are large.

That is, when a plurality of batteries of 1.6V to 2.0V are connected to obtain a high voltage such as 100V, the batteries must be connected to each other by a lead wire or the like, which increases cost and causes energy loss due to heat loss caused by current passing through the connection portion.

In view of the above points, a second object of the second invention is to provide a laminated ternary battery having a battery structure that is ternary, and thus, the volume (cell) of the battery can be increased in accordance with the increase in battery capacity, and various advantages are obtained along with the increase in scale.

3. Prior art and third problem

In general, the space within the various devices and apparatuses, as detailed in the embodiments of the invention below, is mostly not utilized efficiently.

Therefore, a third object of the third invention is to provide an effective way to put the battery of ternary structure according to the first or second invention into practical use as part of the constitution of various devices or apparatuses.

4. Prior art and fourth problem

Practical batteries are roughly classified into primary batteries that cannot be repeatedly charged and discharged, secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, special batteries composed of physical batteries (e.g., solar cells) and biological batteries (e.g., enzyme batteries), and fuel cells.

The fourth subject is to improve the drawbacks of the primary alkaline battery and the secondary alkaline battery among these practical batteries.

The battery is composed of 3 main components, namely, a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte. In this way, during discharge, electrons are released from the electrochemical reaction to the external circuit in the negative electrode and are oxidized, electrons are received from the external circuit by the electrochemical reaction in the positive electrode and are reduced, the electrolyte is an ion conductive material, and an ion transfer medium is formed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode during the electrochemical reaction. Since an oxidation reaction occurs in the negative electrode and a reduction reaction occurs in the positive electrode during discharge, a hydrogen absorbing alloy, a reduced substance (non-oxide) such as cadmium, iron, zinc, and lead, and the like can be used as the negative electrode material, and an oxide can be used as the positive electrode material.

For example, among alkaline primary batteries, an alkaline manganese battery generally uses manganese dioxide and carbon as a positive electrode active material, zinc as a negative electrode active material, and a potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution as an electrolytic solution. Such an alkaline manganese battery may be carried out as follows.

(cathode)

(Positive electrode)

A nickel-cadmium storage battery, which is a typical alkaline secondary battery, generally uses nickel hydroxide and carbon as a positive electrode active material, cadmium as a negative electrode active material, and a potassium hydroxide solution as an electrolyte. The nickel-cadmium battery can be reacted as follows.

(cathode)

(Positive electrode)

(entire battery)

In the above formula, the right arrow indicates a discharge reaction, and the left arrow indicates a charge reaction. As is clear from the above formula, hydroxides such as zinc hydroxide and cadmium hydroxide are produced by a discharge reaction in the negative electrode. The most important functions required for the electrode are mechanical strength and corrosion resistance in the potential region, and the more important function is excellent conductivity.

However, since metal oxides and metal hydroxides generally have a large specific resistance and are inferior in conductivity, conductive materials such as carbon, zinc, and cobalt have been mixed and used as a conductive additive in a positive electrode material containing a metal oxide as an active material. However, in the negative electrode active material, since a metal simple substance is used in order to promote the oxidation reaction, the metal chemically changes to a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide due to discharge, and the conductivity is lowered. In order to improve the conductivity, there has been proposed a method in which a conductive material such as carbon powder, nickel powder or cobalt powder is mixed into a metal such as zinc as a negative electrode active material, and the mixed particulate material is used, or the conductive material is pressure-bonded to a negative electrode collector body made of a metal such as zinc.

However, the pressure bonding process and the granulation process for obtaining the granules are quite complicated and increase the manufacturing cost.

In view of the above points, a fourth object of the present invention is to provide an alkaline primary battery and an alkaline secondary battery which exhibit good discharge characteristics (hardly lower discharge voltage) even when discharged, have a long life, and are low in cost.

5. Prior art and fifth problem

Conventional district-distributed power generation systems are stationary cogeneration systems (コ - ジエネレ - シヨンシステム) that generate hot air, cold air, hot water, and steam using thermal energy generated as a secondary product of power generation and supply steam energy and thermal energy. Such a distributed-area cogeneration facility utilizes solar power generation, wind power generation, and the like.

As a conventional technique, it is known to charge a battery of an electric vehicle by using a solar cell provided on a roof of a house.

Japanese patent laying-open No. 6-225406 discloses a technique for charging a battery of an electric vehicle by a fuel cell power generation system in which a commercial power supply and the system are operated in series.

In order to popularize such a regionally decentralized cogeneration system, power generation facilities must be installed in each home and office. However, power generation equipment is expensive and when purchased for home use, it takes many years to obtain economic benefit due to the difference in price from the purchase of electricity. As described above, since the power generation facility installed for home use or business use is expensive and is not economical when it is not used for a long time, the distributed-area cogeneration system is difficult to be popularized. For example, in solar power generation, in order to promote its spread, the country has a half of the total cost of equipment, and even this cannot be economically established, which results in an excessively large budget total.

In view of the above points, a fifth object of the present invention is to provide a distributed power generation method and a distributed power generation apparatus, which are limited to stationary power generation facilities installed in homes and businesses and which are originally used as mobile power generation facilities. A power generation system installed in a transportation vehicle or the like is applied to a home or a business office, and a transportation facility and a self-contained power generation facility are shared, so that the facility cost can be greatly reduced, and the co-generation of steam and heat can be performed even when the home or the business office has no power generation facility.

Although a technology for charging a mobile/transportation device such as an automobile using a stationary power generation facility such as a solar power generator is widely known, no technology has been found for applying electric power generated in the mobile/transportation device such as an automobile to a stationary power generation facility such as a home.

Disclosure of the invention

1. First invention

A battery according to a first aspect of the present invention for solving the first problem (see fig. 1) is configured such that an active material powder capable of releasing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in one of 2 containers connected by a member capable of passing ions but not capable of passing electrons, an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in the other container, and a current collector of a conductive material in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers.

In the battery according to the first aspect of the invention, as described later, in order to bring the active material powders into effective contact with each other and the active material powders and the conductive means, at least one of a fluid dispersing means and a stirring means for fluidizing the active material powders in the electrolyte solution by a liquid or a gas is provided in 2 containers, and preferably, the fluid dispersing means and the stirring means are connected to the 2 containers or provided in the 2 containers (see fig. 2 to 12).

In the battery according to the first aspect of the present invention, the current collector in contact with the active material powder may have any of a rod-like shape, a plate-like shape, and a tube-like shape (see fig. 1 to 4).

In the battery according to the first aspect of the present invention, the current collecting means in contact with the active material powder may be used in combination with at least one of a fluid dispersing means and a stirring means for making the active material powder in the container flow by a liquid or a gas (see fig. 5 and 6).

In these first invention cells, as will be described later, it is preferable to provide heat transfer bodies for keeping the reaction temperature in the cells constant in 2 containers. As the heat transfer body, one of a tubular collector body and a plate-shaped collector body that are in contact with the active material powder may be used (see fig. 8 and 9).

In these first invention batteries, as will be described later, it is preferable that a device for extracting deteriorated active material powder from the container and a device for supplying active material powder to the container are connected to each of the 2 containers (see fig. 10 and 11).

At this time, at least one of a regenerating device for regenerating the extracted active material powder and a replenishing device for replenishing the active material powder, which is connected to the extracting device, is capable of supplying the regenerated or newly replaced active material powder from the supplying device into the container (see fig. 10).

The extraction device is connected to a reaction device that converts the extracted active material powder into a charged powder by thermal reaction or chemical reaction, and the formed active material powder in a charged state can be supplied into the container by the supply device (see fig. 11).

In these first invention batteries, the active material powder on the negative electrode side can be made to be a hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, and the active material powder on the positive electrode side can be made to be a nickel hydroxide powder (see fig. 7).

In these first invention batteries, the active material powder on the negative electrode side is taken as a hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, the gas introduced into the fluidized fluid distribution device on the negative electrode side is taken as a hydrogen gas, the active material powder on the positive electrode side is taken as a nickel hydroxide powder, and the gas introduced into the fluidized fluid distribution device on the positive electrode side is taken as an oxygen gas or air (see fig. 12). The battery according to the first aspect of the present invention has superior charge/discharge characteristics to conventional batteries without fluidizing the active material powder or without a device for fluidizing the active material powder, and its specific effects will be described in detail in the embodiments of the invention to be described later, but the points of improvement are as follows.

(1) The scale enlargement becomes possible.

The current flowing in the cell is proportional to the surface area of the reactant species. When the active material is powdered to manufacture a battery, the powder may be put in a container to constitute the battery. That is, when a battery is manufactured by making an active material into powder, a 3-element battery structure is formed, for example, a 1-W battery is formed in 1 liter, and then 1m is formed³Can form a 1kW battery with 10m³Can form a 1000kW battery with 100m³Then, a battery of 100 ten thousand kW can be formed, and the scale can be enlarged.

When the active material is made into powder to manufacture a battery, scale advantages are exerted. For example, although a conventional battery requires 10 million yens for 1kW, and 100 million, and 1000 million yens for 100 million, the battery of the present invention has an advantage in scale that the manufacturing cost is reduced when the size is increased, and can be manufactured only at 1 million yens.

(2) Regeneration, replacement, etc. of the deteriorated active material/catalyst become possible.

As a structure, when the active material and the catalyst powder are deteriorated, they are extracted and regenerated, or they are replaced with new active materials and catalysts, or they are restored to a charged state by thermal reaction and chemical reaction and then supplied. For example, the active material and the catalyst powder are pumped out of the vessel together with the electrolyte in the form of a slurry by a pipe, the powder is separated from the electrolyte, regenerated or replenished, and mixed with the electrolyte to form a slurry, which is fed into the cell by a slurry pump.

For example, a conventional battery is small in size, can be charged and discharged about 500 times, and if large in size, can be operated continuously for about 8000 hours, and can constantly keep the active material and the catalyst in the highest state by cyclic regeneration, replenishment, and the like of the active material and the catalyst, whereby the life of the battery becomes the life of the battery device, and the battery life is extended by 50 to 100 times.

(3) A heat transfer body may be provided within the cell.

The above-mentioned powdering of the active material and the catalyst and suspending in the electrolyte solution is a simple structure in which the heat transfer body is easily provided, the reaction temperature in the battery can be kept constant by the heat transferred through the heat transfer body provided in the battery, and the temperature in the battery can be adjusted to an appropriate temperature with respect to the above-mentioned battery characteristic that the electric conversion efficiency is lowered when the temperature is high, whereas the reaction speed is lowered when the temperature is low. The heat and low heat recovered by the heat transfer body are applied to the air conditioner and the power generation, so that the energy generation efficiency and the energy utilization rate are increased.

(4) The energy density can be increased.

The current flowing in the cell is proportional to the surface area of the reactant species. The active material is made into powder to make the battery. When the active material is made into powder to fabricate a battery, the surface area increases, for example, 1m³The surface area of the powder can reach 300000m²Thereby increasing the energy density. For example, previous batteries, using an area of 1m²The film of (2) was formed into a 1W battery, and when a 3000kW battery was produced, 300 ten thousand batteries each having an area of 1m were required²A film-like battery having a width of 0.1m and a thickness of 300000m³Size. In the battery of the inventionIn the battery having the same power as that of the above battery, a powder having a particle size of 1 μm is used, and the particle size is about 10m³The size and the energy density reach 30000 times, and the effect of greatly increasing the energy density is obtained.

2. Second invention

A ternary battery according to a second aspect of the present invention for solving the second problem is characterized in that an electrolyte solution is filled in one of a pair of batteries (containers) connected by a member that is capable of passing ions but not capable of passing electrons. An active material powder capable of releasing electrons is added to the electrolyte solution to suspend it, and an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons is added to the electrolyte solution to suspend it in another cell (container), and the resulting cell array is connected in series and integrated through a partition wall serving also as the cell and a conductive current collecting member in contact with the powder, with the conductive current collecting member serving also as a positive electrode or a negative electrode being interposed therebetween, and the cells at both ends are provided with current collecting bodies in contact with the powder and also serving as a positive electrode or a negative electrode, thereby forming a stacked-type ternary battery.

According to the ternary battery of the second invention having the above-described configuration, by increasing the capacity of a pair of batteries, the capacity (amount of electric power) of the batteries can be increased correspondingly. That is, if 1W of power is generated in a volume of 1 liter, 1m is added³1kW of electric power can be obtained. The volume is increased to 10m³10kW of electric power can be obtained. Therefore, the advantage in manufacturing cost can be achieved by scaling up. That is, while 10kW is expected to reach 1000 ten thousand yen if 10W requires 1 ten thousand yen, the battery of the present invention can be manufactured at about 1/10, that is, 100 ten thousand yen, as the manufacturing cost is reduced as the size is increased.

On the other hand, the voltage is determined according to the type (material) of the active material powder (corresponding to the conventional general electrode) to be charged into the pair of batteries, and for example, when a voltage of about 2.4V is formed using a metallic lead powder and a lead oxide powder, and a voltage of 12V or more is required, it is sufficient to connect 5 to 6 unit batteries in series. However, according to the second invention, the unit cells positioned in the middle (except for both ends) can be electrically and structurally connected in series by constituting the partition wall between a pair of cells (unit cells) with the current collecting member of conductivity, unlike the conventional battery, without providing the positive and negative electrodes, because both the electrodes and the current collecting member are made of the same material. The thickness of the partition wall can be made quite thin (e.g., 0.5mm), the area can be made wide (e.g., 127mm × 127mm), and further, the current flows in the thickness direction of the partition wall, so that the flow of large current hardly has any resistance and the power loss is extremely small. Furthermore, since the 2 sets of unit cells can be directly connected (directly connected) by the partition walls, the plurality of sets of unit cells can be connected in series and in a stacked state, and the size of the entire battery can be reduced to the minimum.

In the ternary battery according to the second aspect of the present invention, the active material powder functions as a membrane (battery body) of the original battery in the membrane structure, and the current flowing in the battery is proportional to the surface area of the active material, but the active material powder forms a turbid shape in the electrolyte solution and occupies almost the entire volume in the battery case, and therefore, the energy density becomes extremely large. Since the active material powder is added to an electrolyte solution (dilute sulfuric acid in a lead battery) in a suspended state and mixed for use, the active material powder is separated from the electrolyte solution or replaced together with the powder to regenerate the lead battery during deterioration, thereby significantly prolonging the life of the battery (by 50 to 100 times).

In the ternary battery according to the second aspect of the present invention, when high power is required, it is preferable to provide a stirring device for fluidizing the active material powder suspended in the electrolyte solution in each battery. The stirring device includes a rotating shaft having a stirring blade rotatably mounted in the battery, and a device for mechanically stirring the electrolyte solution by a driving device such as a motor, or a device for supplying a liquid or a gas to the electrolyte solution by a pump or a blower, or for dispersing powder in the electrolyte solution by circulation to fluidize the powder. According to this type of ternary battery, the powder in the electrolyte solution is stirred by the stirring device and diffused in the electrolyte solution, thereby improving the contact efficiency between the active material powders, and the powder is brought into good contact with the current collecting member or the current collecting body, thereby reducing the contact resistance, improving the conductivity, and increasing the diffusion rate of ions in the electrolyte solution, thereby forming a large current flow and outputting a large power. With this structure, the distance between the batteries (the interval in the series direction) can be increased, and the capacity of the battery can be increased.

In the ternary battery according to the second aspect of the present invention, a single conductive post (スタツド) may be provided to extend from the current collecting member or the current collecting body into and out of each battery. According to such a ternary battery, the contact area between the current collecting member or the current collecting electrode main body and the powder can be greatly increased, and the contact resistance is reduced, so that the distance between the batteries (the pitch in the series direction) can be increased, and the capacity of the battery can be greatly increased.

In the battery according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the stirring device is provided with a function of stopping the flow of the powder in order to reduce the amount of electricity discharged from the battery. In such a three-way battery, by adding a function of stopping the flow of the powder to the powder stirring device, the flow of the powder can be stopped arbitrarily, and as a result, the amount of electricity sent from the battery can be reduced.

In the ternary battery according to the second aspect of the present invention, the active material capable of releasing electrons may be any of hydrogen-absorbing alloys, cadmium, iron, zinc, and lead, and these materials are preferably low in cost and practically usable. In the ternary battery according to the second aspect of the present invention, the active material capable of absorbing electrons may be any of basic nickel hydroxide, lead dioxide, and manganese dioxide, and these materials are inexpensive and practical, and are preferable.

3. Third invention

The third invention of the device or apparatus for solving the third problem is characterized in that active material powder capable of electron emission suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in one of 2 containers connected by means of a member capable of passing ions but not capable of passing electrons, active material powder capable of electron absorption suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in the other container, and a current collector of a conductor in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers.

Examples of the device or apparatus applicable to the third invention include a rotating device using electric power stored in a tertiary battery as a power source, a moving object using electric power stored in a tertiary battery as a power source, an electric power transmission device supplying electric power stored in a tertiary battery to another device, and a device converting electric power stored in a tertiary battery into thermal energy, kinetic energy, or light energy. Specific examples of these apparatuses or devices are described in detail in the embodiments of the invention described later.

In the apparatus ordevice according to the third aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that at least one of the fluid dispersing device and the stirring device for fluidizing the active material powder suspended in the electrolyte solution in the 2 promotional materials by liquid or gas is connected to the 2 containers or is provided in the 2 containers. If a fluidized fluid dispersing device or stirring device is provided, the contact efficiency between the active material powders can be improved, the active material powders and the current collecting device can be brought into good contact, the contact resistance can be reduced, the conductivity can be improved, the diffusion rate of ions in the electrolyte solution can be increased, a large current can be made to flow, and a large electric power can be stored.

In the third invention, the active material capable of releasing electrons may be any of hydrogen absorbing alloys, cadmium, iron, zinc or lead, which are inexpensive, practical and preferable. In the third invention, the active material capable of absorbing electrons may be any of basic nickel hydroxide, lead dioxide and manganese dioxide, and these materials are inexpensive and practical, and are preferable. Also, in the third invention, the electrolyte solution may be a potassium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxide solution or dilute sulfuric acid, which is inexpensive, practical, and preferable.

4. Fourth invention

A battery according to a fourth aspect of the present invention for solving the fourth problem is an alkaline battery cell having a positive electrode collector body, a positive electrode active material, an electrolyte solution, a separator layer that allows ions to pass therethrough but not electrons to pass therethrough, a negative electrode active material, an electrolyte solution, and a negative electrode collector body, which are arranged in this order, wherein a metal carbide or a mixture ofa metal carbide and the metal is used as the negative electrode active material; and an alkaline secondary battery characterized in that a metal carbide or a mixture of a metal carbide and the metal carbide is used as a negative electrode active material in an alkaline secondary battery in which a positive electrode collector body, a positive electrode active material and an electrolyte solution, a separator that can pass ions but cannot pass electrons, a negative electrode active material and an electrolyte solution, and a negative electrode collector body are sequentially arranged.

According to the alkaline primary battery and the alkaline secondary battery of the fourth aspect of the invention, since carbon is a good conductor, even if the metal of the negative electrode active material is chemically changed to an oxide or a hydroxide, good conductivity can be ensured, and deterioration of discharge characteristics (reduction of discharge voltage) can be suppressed.

Similarly, when both the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are powders, the battery structure is ternary, and thus an advantage in scale (an effect of reducing the production cost when the scale is enlarged) can be obtained, and since the deteriorated material can be regenerated and replaced, and a heat conductor can be provided in the battery, the battery can be operated in accordance with the battery characteristics, and the power generation efficiency of energy can be improved, and further, the surface area is increased, and the energy density is increased, and the above-described effect can be obtained, which is preferable.

Further, as the metal carbide, for example, iron carbide is preferably used. Iron carbide is an inexpensive material, and is most preferred because iron carbide can be produced quickly and economically, as disclosed in japanese patent application laid-open No. 9-48604 by the present applicant, by a method of reducing a part of an iron-containing raw material with a reducing gas and then reducing and carbonizing the remaining raw material with a reducing and carbonizing gas.

5. Fifth invention

A regional distributed power generation method according to a fifth aspect of the present invention for solving the fifth problem is configured to: as any of a device for generating electric power for driving a generator, a battery for storing the generated electric power, and a motorcycle, a three-wheeled motorcycle, an automobile, and a ship which are moved by using the electric power from the engine and the battery as power for driving a motor, any of a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, a gas turbine, and the like are used, when the vehicle is parked or stopped, the battery mounted on the mobile/transportation device is connected to a converter provided in a residence or office, the electric power generated by the generator of the mobile/transportation device is used as a power load of the residence or office, and the mobile/transportation device for parking or stopping the ship is used as a stationary power generation facility of the residence or office.

In the method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, instead of the moving/transporting device on which the device for generating electric power by driving the generator using the engine and the battery for storing electric power are mounted, the moving/transporting device on which the device for generating electric power by the fuel cell and the battery for storing electric power are mounted may be used.

In the method of the fifth invention, at least one of solar power generation and wind power generation equipment is installed in a residence or business, a fixed battery for storing electric power generated by the equipment is connected to a battery mounted on a mobile/transportationdevice for parking or stopping a ship, the fixed battery is charged, and the electric power from the fixed battery is converted into alternating current by a converter to adjust the voltage, and used as an electric load of the residence or business.

In this case, the battery of the moving/transporting device for parking or stopping may be charged with electric power generated by at least one of solar power generation and wind power generation equipment.

In these fifth invention methods, an symbiotic system for supplying medium heat or/and low heat generated by a moving/transporting apparatus which is parked or stopped to a residence or office is preferable.

In the method of the fifth invention, when the mobile/transportation device of any one of the motorcycle, the three-wheeled motorcycle and the automobile is stopped and the engine is used to drive the generator to supply power to the residence or the office, a muffler may be attached to the outside of the mobile/transportation device in order to reduce the exhaust sound volume of the engine.

Also, in these fifth invention methods, it is preferable to use a ternary structure battery in which an active material powder capable of releasing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in one of 2 containers connected by a member capable of passing ions but not capable of passing electrons, an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in the other container, and a current collector of an electric conductor in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers. This is because a part or all of the deteriorated active material powder is discarded, the deteriorated powder is regenerated, and a new powder corresponding to the amount of the discarded powder is supplied into the container, so that charging can be immediately started.

A region-distributed power generation device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention for solving the fifth problem includes: that is, a vehicle equipped with a device for generating electric power for driving a generator using any one of an engine such as a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, and a gas turbine, a battery for storing the generated electric power, a mobile/transportation device for operating any one of a motorcycle, a motor tricycle, an automobile, and a ship by using the electric power from the engine and the battery as a force for driving the motor, an inverter provided in a residence or business for supplying electric power adjusted to an ac voltage to each load of the residence or business, a connector for connecting the battery mounted on the mobile/transportation device for parking or parking a ship and the inverter provided in the residence or business, and a power generator of the mobile/transportation device for supplying the electric power to the load of the residence or business.

In the device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, a device for generating electric power by a fuel cell and a battery for storing electric power can be used as the moving and transporting device.

In the apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, at least one of solar power generation and wind power generation equipment is installed in a residence or business, electric power generated by the equipment is stored in a stationary battery, and is supplied to a load through an inverter connected to the stationary battery, and a battery mounted on the mobile/transport apparatus during parking or stopping is connected to the stationary battery through a connector, and electric power generated by a generator of the mobile/transport apparatus is supplied to the stationary battery.

In this case, the electric power may be supplied froma battery of a moving/transporting device that is parked or stopped, from a stationary battery that stores electric power generated from at least one of solar power generation and wind power generation equipment.

In these devices according to the fifth aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the cogeneration system is configured to communicate the heat source of the transport device with the residence or office through a duct, and supply the medium heat or/and the low heat generated by the transport device in a parked state or a ship-parked state to the residence or office.

Also, in these fifth invention devices, it is preferable to use a ternary structure battery in which an active material powder capable of releasing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in one of 2 containers connected by a member capable of passing ions but not capable of passing electrons, an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in the other container, and a current collector of a conductive body in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers. This is because a part or all of the deteriorated active material powder is discarded, the deteriorated powder is regenerated, and new powder corresponding to the amount of the discarded powder is supplied into the container, so that charging can be immediately started.

The present invention is configured as described above, and therefore, the following effects are obtained.

1. According to the first invention, the following significant effects are obtained.

(1) By making the active material into powder and then filling the powder into a container to constitute a battery, the battery structure is ternary, making scale-up possible. When the active material is powdered to form a battery, the productioncost is reduced when the scale is increased, and the scale advantage is exerted.

(2) When the active material and the catalyst powder are deteriorated, the active material and the catalyst powder are extracted and regenerated, or replaced with new ones, or returned to a charged state by thermal reaction or chemical reaction and supplied again.

(3) The battery may be provided with a heat conductor, and the temperature of the battery may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the characteristics of the battery that the reaction temperature in the battery is kept constant by the heat conductor provided in the battery, and the power conversion efficiency is lowered when the temperature is increased, whereas the reaction speed is lowered when the temperature is lowered. The recovered heat and low heat are utilized for the air conditioning room and the power generation, so that the energy power generation efficiency and the energy utilization rate are increased.

(4) By making the active material into powder to constitute a battery, the surface area of the reaction material is increased, thereby greatly improving the energy density.

(5) In order to effectively contact active material powders with each other and with a current collector, at least one of a fluid dispersing device and a stirring device for flowing the active material powders in an electrolyte solution in 2 containers by using liquid or gas is connected with the 2 containers or arranged in the 2 containers, thereby improving the contact efficiency between the active material powders, simultaneously forming good contact between the powders and the current collector, reducing the contact resistance, improving the conductivity between the active material and the current collector or the active material, improving the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte solution, forming a large current flow, and outputting larger power compared with the case that the powders do not flow.

2. According to the second invention, the following significant effects are obtained.

(1) Since the capacity (amount of electric power) of the battery can be increased by increasing the capacity of the pair of batteries, the advantage in manufacturing cost can be obtained by the enlargement of the scale. When a large voltage is required, a plurality of unit cells are connected in series, and the two poles of the unit cells are made of the same material as that of the current collecting member, and the positive and negative electrodes are not formed unlike the conventional battery.

The active material powder has the function of the conventional battery membrane (battery body) in the membrane structure, and the current flowing in the battery is proportional to the surface area of the active material, but when the powder is turbid in the electrolyte solution, the total surface area of all the powders is increased by several thousand to several ten thousand times as compared with the conventional membrane structure battery, so that the energy density is also increased by several thousand to several ten thousand times, and the active material powder is added in a suspended state to the electrolyte solution (lead battery is dilute sulfuric acid) and mixed for use, so that when the active material powder is deteriorated, the electrolyte solution and the powders are replaced together, so that the regeneration can be obtained, and the life of the battery can be greatly prolonged.

(2) If a stirring device for fluidizing powder suspended in the electrolyte solution is provided in each cell, the powder in the electrolyte solution is stirred by the stirring device, so that the powder serving as an electrode is prevented from settling due to its own weight and from diffusing in the electrolyte solution, thereby improvingthe contact efficiency between the powders, and the powder is brought into good contact with the current collecting member or the current collecting body, thereby reducing the contact resistance and improving the power. In addition, the distance between the batteries (the interval in the series direction) is increased, and the capacity of the batteries is increased.

(3) Since one conductive terminal is extended from the current collecting member or the current collecting body into the whole of each battery, the contact area between the current collecting member or the current collecting body and the powder is increased greatly, and the contact resistance is reduced, the distance between the batteries (the interval in the series direction) can be increased, and the capacity of the battery can be increased greatly.

(4) In order to reduce the amount of electricity discharged from the battery, if a function for stopping the flow of the powder is added to the stirring device, the flow of the powder can be stopped arbitrarily, so that the amount of electricity discharged from the battery can be reduced.

3. According to the third invention, the following remarkable effects are obtained.

(1) Provides practical and effective use for the ternary structure battery as part of various devices or apparatuses. That is, by adding a function as a chargeable and dischargeable power storage device in addition to the original functions of the device and apparatus, a large amount of power is stored in an idle time, the power storage efficiency is greatly improved, and heat absorption and heat release accompanying a battery reaction are applied to a cooling and heating air conditioning room, heating and cooling of a substance, and the like.

(2) In a ternary battery comprising 2 containers each provided with a current collector for an electric conductor in contact with an active material powder suspended in an electrolyte solution, at least one of a fluid dispersing means and a stirring means for making the active material powder suspended in the electrolyte solution in the 2 containers flow by a liquid or a gas is connected to the 2 containers or is provided in the 2 containers so that the active material powder and the current collector are brought into good contact with each other, thereby reducing contact resistance, improving conductivity, increasing diffusion rate of ions in the electrolyte solution, allowing a large current to flow, and storing a large amount of electric power.

(3) Further, the electric power stored in the three-way battery is transmitted by the electric power transmission device, and can be used as the rotational power of the rotating machine or the moving power of the moving object, as the light energy, the kinetic energy, or the heat energy.

4. According to the fourth invention, the following significant effects are obtained.

(1) Without adding an expensive conductive auxiliary such as high-purity carbon to the cathode active material, an alkaline primary battery and an alkaline secondary battery, which are difficult to reduce the discharge voltage, have a long life, and are inexpensive, can be provided without requiring special treatment for imparting conductivity to the negative electrode.

(2) When both the active material of the positive electrode and the active material of the negative electrode are powders, the battery having a ternary structure is preferable because it can exhibit an advantage in scale (an effect of reducing the production unit price when the scale is increased), and the deteriorated active material can be regenerated and replaced, and since the heat transfer body is provided in the battery, the battery can be operated in accordance with the battery characteristics, and the powergeneration efficiency of energy is improved, and further, since the surface area is increased and the energy density is increased, the above-described effect is exhibited.

(3) Iron carbide as the metal carbide is inexpensive, and is particularly preferable as the negative electrode active material.

5. According to the fifth invention, the following significant effects are obtained.

(1) By applying the power generation system originally used for the automobile or the like of the moving and transporting apparatus to the home and the office, the facility cost can be significantly reduced, and the coexistence can be performed even when the home and the office do not have the power generation facility.

(2) Since the cost of the power generation facility can be reduced significantly in economic terms, the spread of the distributed-area cogeneration system is possible.

(3) By making the area-dispersed cogeneration facility inexpensive and widespread, it is possible to promote the effective use of energy and obtain a good economic effect and an effect of reducing the amount of carbon dioxide generated.

(4) In particular, when a battery mounted on a moving device or a transport device and a battery fixed to a residence or a business office are manufactured as a three-component battery in which active materials on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side are made into powder, charging can be started immediately by discarding a part or all of the deteriorated active material powder, regenerating the deteriorated powder, or supplying new powder corresponding to the amount of the discarded powder into a container.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a battery according to embodiment 1 of the first invention, and fig. 1(b) is a schematic view showing an example of a discharge curve of the battery according to the first invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a battery according to embodiment 2 of the first invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of one example of the battery according to embodiment 3 of the first invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of another example of the battery according to embodiment 3 of the first invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of an example of the battery according to embodiment 4 of the first invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of another example of the battery according to embodiment 4 of the first invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view structural view of the battery according to embodiment 5 of the first invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of an example of the battery according to embodiment 6 of the first invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of another example of the battery according to embodiment 6 of the first invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of an example of the battery according to embodiment 7 of the first invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view of another example of the battery according to embodiment 7 of the first invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic sectional view structural view of a battery according to embodiment 8 of the first invention.

Fig. 13(a) is a perspective view of an example of a proof tester for a laminated ternary battery according to a second aspect of the present invention, and fig. 13(b) is a schematic view of a middlelongitudinal section of the same battery.

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a part of main components of the laminated ternary battery verification tester of fig. 13 before assembly (disassembled state).

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of a middle longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 2 of the second invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a middle longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 3 of the second invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic view of a middle longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 4 of the second invention.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of a middle longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 5 of the second invention.

Fig. 19 is a schematic view of a middle longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 6 of the second invention.

Fig. 20 is a longitudinal sectional view of a door having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery in an inner space.

Fig. 21 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a bridge pier having a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery in an internal space.

Fig. 22 is an oblique view of a weir having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery in an internal space.

Fig. 23 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat sink of the electronic stocker.

Fig. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view of a house having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery in a top grid portion.

Fig. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a case having a chargeable anddischargeable ternary battery inside.

Fig. 26 is a sectional view of the vicinity of the ground surface where the chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is formed.

Fig. 27 is a longitudinal sectional view of a food container having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery in a side portion.

Fig. 28 is a sectional view of a concave bed in a house having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

Fig. 29 is a side view of a trailer on which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is mounted.

Fig. 30(a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a motor in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated in a housing, and fig. 30(b) is a longitudinal sectional view of a motor in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated in a pedestal.

Fig. 31 is a longitudinal sectional view of a turbine engine in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated in a case.

Fig. 32 is a partially schematic oblique view of a two-layer structure ship in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is assembled.

Fig. 33 is a longitudinal partial sectional view of a ship in which a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is assembled.

Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view of an airplane wing incorporating a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

Fig. 35 is a cross-sectional view of a roller incorporating a rechargeable ternary battery.

Fig. 36 is a schematic configuration diagram of a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery provided at the bottom of a vehicle body of an electric train.

Fig. 37(a) is a sectional view of an electric vehicle having a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery, and fig. 37(b) is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a mechanism for driving a motor from a generator by means of a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery when applied to a turbine engine.

Fig. 38(a) is a cross-sectional view of an electric locomotive of a traction power supply vehicle, and fig. 38(b) is a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a power storage system including a power generator and a rechargeable/rechargeable ternary battery, when applied to a turbine engine.

Fig. 39 is a cross-sectional view of a low-noise electric vehicle having a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery.

Fig. 40(a) is a sectional view of a conventional power transmission line, fig. 40(b) is a sectional view of a power transmission line in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated, and fig. 40(c) is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment in which power is transmitted from a power transmission line in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated to a terminal device.

Fig. 41 is a sectional view of a pole in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is assembled.

Fig. 42 is a sectional view of a battery in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is assembled.

FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled rechargeable flashlight.

Fig. 44(a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery formed near the ground surface, and fig. 44(b) is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a device for launching metal shots using a rail gun (レ - ルガン).

Fig. 45 is a schematic structural view of an alkaline primary battery according to embodiment 1 of the fourth invention.

Fig. 46 is a schematicstructural view of an alkaline secondary battery according to embodiment 2 of the fourth invention.

Fig. 47 is a schematic view showing an example of a discharge curve of the alkaline secondary battery according to the fourth invention.

Fig. 48 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram of an apparatus system for carrying out the distributed power generation method according to embodiment 1 of the fifth invention.

Fig. 49 is a conceptual diagram of a middle longitudinal section of the former general membrane structure battery.

Fig. 50 is a conceptual illustration of a middle longitudinal section of an elongated cell of the previous general membrane configuration.

Fig. 51 is a conceptual diagram of a middle longitudinal section in a parallel connection state of the former general membrane structure battery.

Fig. 52 is a conceptual diagram of a middle longitudinal section of the former general membrane structure battery in a series connection state.

Best mode for carrying out the invention

The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below and can be carried out with appropriate modifications.

1. Embodiment of the first invention

(embodiment 1)

Fig. 1(a) shows a 1 st embodiment battery of the first invention. As shown in fig. 1(a), a negative electrode cell 2 and a positive electrode cell 3 are provided with a separator 1, the negative electrode cell 2 is filled with a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 4, and the positive electrode cell 3 is filled with a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 5. As the combination of the powder active materials of the negative electrode and the positive electrode, for example, a combination of a hydrogen absorbing alloy and nickel hydroxide, a combination of cadmium and nickel hydroxide, or the like can be used. As a specific example of the hydrogen absorbing alloy, La is given as an example_0.3(Ce，Nd)_0.15Zr_0.05Ni_3.8Co_0.8Al_0.5And the like. As the electrolyte solution, for example, KOH aqueous solution or the like is used. On the other hand, the separator 1 is a film that cannot pass powder because it passes only ions, and for example, celadon, ion exchange resin film, metal fiber, or the like is used.

In the negative electrode cell 2 and the positive electrode cell 3, a negative electrode current collector 6 and a positive electrode current collector 7 each formed of various conductors are provided, and the current collectors 6 and 7 are connected to a load device (during discharge) or a power generation device (during charge) 8, and 10 is an electrolyte interface.

Next, the charge and discharge of the battery of the present embodiment will be described in detail.

(charging)

When the battery is connected to the power generation device 8, electrons emitted from the power generation device 8 reach the negative electrode current collector 6, and the electrons react with the negative electrode powder active material directly or while moving through the powder active material by the negative electrode current collector 6. The negative electrode powder active material receives electrons to generate anions, which enter the positive electrode cell 3 through the separator 1, react with the positive electrode powder active material, and emit electrons. The electrons are supplied to the power generation device 8 through the powdered active material or directly transferred to the positive electrode current collector 7.

(discharge)

When the battery is connected to the load device 8, the negative electrode current collector 6 discharges electrons to the external circuit, the discharged electrons reach the positive electrode current collector 7 through the load device 8, and the electrons react with the positive electrode powder active material from the positive electrode current collector 7 while moving, directly or through the powder active material. The negative ions generated by the positive electrode powder active material receiving electrons enter the negative electrode cell 2 through the separator 1, and react with the negative electrode powder active material to release electrons. The electrons are supplied to the load device 8 through the powder active material or directly transferred to the negative electrode current collector 6.

Fig. 1(b) is a schematic diagram comparing the discharge curves of the battery of the present invention and the conventional battery, all of which have a nominal capacity of 5Ah (ampere-hour), and the black dots (●) and the white dots (○) respectively show the discharge curves of the battery of the present invention, the battery of the present invention is a battery of a three-dimensional structure in which a positive electrode cell is filled with nickel hydroxide powder and an electrolyte solution, and a negative electrode cell is filled with hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and an electrolyte solution (see fig. 1(a)), the conventional battery is a battery of a two-dimensional structure in which a plate-shaped electrode of nickel hydroxide is used as a positive electrode and a plate-shaped electrode of hydrogen absorbing alloy is used as a negative electrode, and these electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte solution, and the vertical axis and the horizontal axis in fig. 1(b) show a terminal voltage (V) and the discharge capacity (Ah) are shown on the horizontal axis, the discharge capacity (Ah) is shown on the basis that the voltage change in the discharge is easily affected by the concentration polarization caused by the change in the concentration of the electrolyte (potassium hydroxide solution in the present comparative experiment), and therefore, the discharge of the battery of the electrode is likely to be deteriorated when the discharge is not deteriorated, the discharge is caused by the flow of the electrode ●, the discharge is much longer, and the discharge of the three-dimensional structure, the discharge is not likely to be caused by the discharge of the discharge.

On the other hand, the discharge voltage of the conventional battery, as shown by "○" in fig. 1(b), sharply decreases at about 4.5 hours, so, for example, if the discharge end voltage is taken to be 1.0V, the conventional battery must be terminated at about 4 hours from the viewpoint of protecting the battery device, whereas the battery of the present invention can continue the discharge for about 5 hours.

(embodiment 2)

Fig. 2 shows a 2 nd embodiment battery of the first invention. Fig. 2 shows a state in which the powders in the cells 2 and 3 are fluidized (stirred) by a fluid dispersing device 9 in which the powders are fluidized by a gas or a liquid in order to improve the contact efficiency between the powders or between the powders and the current collectors 6 and 7. By this fluidization, not only the contact efficiency between the active material powders is improved, but also the active material powder and the current collector are brought into good contact, thereby reducing the contact resistance, improving the conductivity between the active material powder and the current collector or between the active material powders, and increasing the diffusion rate of ions in the electrolyte solution, thereby forming a large electric power flow, and enabling a larger electric power to be output than in the case where the powders are not fluidized.

Instead of the fluidizing fluid dispersing device 9, or in addition to the fluidizing fluid dispersing device 9, a stirring device such as a blade stirrer may be provided in each of the cells 2 and 3 to fluidize (stir) the powder. Although the illustration is simplified in fig. 2, as the fluidizing fluid dispersing device 9, a device such as a dispersing plate or a nozzle for uniformly dispersing gas or liquid in a horizontal cross section in the tank may be used. Examples of the gas (or liquid) introduced into the fluidizing fluid dispersing apparatus 9 include nitrogen gas and argon gas (or an electrolyte such as an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide). When the powder is fluidized by the gas, the gas introduced into the fluidizing fluid dispersing device 9 is extracted from the upper part of each of the cells 2 and 3. When the powder is fluidized by the liquid, the liquid introduced into the fluidized fluid dispersing device 9 is drawn out from the bottom of each of the cells 2 and 3.

The other structure and action are the same as those in the case of embodiment 1 except for the point of adding the fluidizing means.

(embodiment 3)

Fig. 3 and 4 show a 3 rd embodiment battery of the first invention. Fig. 3 shows that in order to obtain good contact efficiency of the current collector with the active material powder, the anode current collector and the cathode current collector are respectively formed into a plate-like anode current collector 11 and a plate-like cathode current collector 12 to increase the contact area. Fig. 4 shows that in order to make the current collector and the active material powder have good contact efficiency, the anode current collector and the cathode current collector are made into a tubular anode current collector 13 and a tubular cathode current collector 14, respectively, to increase the contact area. Other shapes than plate or tube shapes may be used if the surface area of the collector is to be increased.

The other constitution and action are the same as those in the case of embodiment 2.

(embodiment 4)

Fig. 5 and 6 show a battery according to embodiment 4 of the first invention. Fig. 5 shows the anode current collector and the cathode current collector as fluid dispersers for forming fluidization by liquid or gas, respectively. Fig. 6 shows the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector as an agitator that is rotated by a motor or the like (not shown).

As shown in fig. 5, the negative current collector/disperser 15 and the positive current collector/disperser 16 are devices such as a dispersing plate and a nozzle that uniformly disperse gas or liquid in the horizontal cross section of each cell 2 or 3. Stirring devices such as blade stirrers may be provided in the respective tanks 2 and 3.

As shown in fig. 6, the negative electrode current collector-mixer 17 and the positive electrode current collector-mixer 18 have both functions of mixing (fluidizing) the active material powder and directly contacting the powder. The negative electrode collector-stirrer 17 and the positive electrode collector-stirrer 18 are blade-shaped stirrers that are rotationally driven by a motor or the like (not shown), but the configuration of the stirring device is not limited. In fig. 6, the fluidized fluid disperser 19 made of liquid or gas may be used in combination, but a configuration in which the fluidized fluid disperser 19 is not provided may be adopted.

The other constitution and action are the same as those in the case of embodiment 2.

(embodiment 5)

Fig. 7 shows a 5 th embodiment battery of the first invention. In this embodiment, as the active material powder, a hydrogen absorbing alloy powder is used on the negative electrode side, and a nickel hydroxide powder is used on the positive electrode side. As shown in fig. 7, the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and the electrolyte solution 20 are filled in the negative electrode cell 2, and the nickel hydroxide powder and the electrolyte solution 21 are filled in the positive electrode cell 3. As the hydrogen-absorbing alloy, for example, La is used_0.3(Ce，Nd)_0.15Zr_0.05Ni_3.8Co_0.8Al_0.5And the like. As the electrolyte solution, for example, 6 equivalents of KOH aqueous solution or the like can be used.

The charge and discharge of the battery of the present embodiment will be described in detail.

(charging)

When the battery is connected to the power generation device 8, electrons emitted from the power generation device 8 reach the negative electrode current collector 6, and the electrons move from the negative electrode current collector 6 to the negative electrode powdered hydrogen absorbing alloy directly or through the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and undergo the following reaction. M is a hydrogen absorbing alloy, MHx is a hydrogenated metal.

Hydroxyl ions generated by the reaction enter the positive electrode cell 3 through the separator 1, react with the nickel hydroxide powder, and undergo the following reaction to release electrons.

The generated electrons pass through the nickel hydroxide powder or the basic nickelhydroxide powder or directly move to the positive electrode current collector 7, and are supplied to the power generation device 8.

(discharge)

When the battery is connected to the load device 8, electrons are emitted from the negative electrode current collector 6 to the external circuit, and the emitted electrons reach the positive electrode current collector 7 through the load device 8, and the electrons migrate from the positive electrode current collector 7 to the basic nickel hydroxide powder, and react with water by the basic nickel hydroxide powder or by direct migration to generate nickel hydroxide and hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl enters the cathode pool 2 through the isolating layer 1 and reacts with the hydrogenated metal to release electrons. The electrons are supplied to the load device 8 through the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder or directly moved to the negative current collector 6.

The other constitution and action are the same as those in the case of embodiment 2. Of course, the battery of the present embodiment can also be implemented with the configurations of embodiments 3 and 4 and embodiments 6 and 7 described below.

(embodiment 6)

Fig. 8 and 9 show a 6 th embodiment of the battery of the first invention. In this embodiment, a heat transfer body is provided in the battery and the heat transfer body also functions as a current collector. The heat transfer body and the current collector may be provided separately. As shown in fig. 8, a negative collector-cum-heat transfer tube 22 is provided in the negative electrode cell 2, and a positive collector-cum-heat transfer tube 23 is provided in the positive electrode cell 3. As shown in fig. 9, a negative current collector-cum-heat transfer plate 24 is provided in the negative electrode cell 2, and a positive current collector-cum-heat transfer plate 25 isprovided in the positive electrode cell 3.

The charge and discharge of the battery according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 8.

(charging)

When the battery is connected to the power generation device 8, electrons emitted from the power generation device 8 reach the anode current collector 22, and the electrons react with the powder active material of the anode directly or through the powder active material while moving from the anode current collector 22 to the cathode. The negative electrode powder active material receives anions generated by electrons, enters the positive electrode pool 3 through the isolating layer 1, reacts with the powder active material of the positive electrode, and emits electrons. The electrons are supplied to the power generation device 8 through the powdered active material or directly transferred to the positive electrode current collector 23.

As described above, the current collector serves as a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and also serves as a heat transfer pipe, and simultaneously transfers electrons and heat by contacting the powder. The heat medium such as water and air is made to flow through the heat transfer tube combined with a negative electrode collector 22 and the heat transfer tube combined with a positive electrode collector 23, and heat is recovered and supplied.

(discharge)

When the battery is connected to the load device 8, the negative electrode current collector 22 discharges electrons to the external circuit, the discharged electrons reach the positive electrode current collector 23 through the load device 8, and the electrons react with the positive electrode powder active material by the positive electrode current collector 23 while moving, directly or through the powder active material. The positive electrode powder active material generates negative ions by receiving electrons, and the negative ions enter the negative electrode cell 2 through the separator 1, react with the negative electrode powder active material, and emit electrons. The electrons are supplied to the load device 8 through the powder active material, or directly move to the anode current collector 22.

In the case of fig. 9, the current collector is a negative electrode or a positive electrode, and also serves as a heat transfer plate for forming a cavity, and electrons and heat are simultaneously transferred by contact with the powder. The heat medium such as water and air is made to flow through the negative current collector-cum-heat transfer plate 24 and the positive current collector-cum-heat transfer plate 25, and heat is recovered and supplied. The details of charging and discharging are the same as in fig. 8. The shape of the heat transfer body is not limited to a tube shape and a plate shape, and other shapes may be adopted.

The other constitution and action are the same as those in the case of embodiment 2. The structure of the present embodiment may be combined with the structures of embodiments 3 and 4 and embodiment 7 described below.

(embodiment 7)

Fig. 10 and 11 show a 7 th embodiment battery of the first invention. In this embodiment, there are provided a drawing means for drawing the active material powder from the container and a supply means for supplying the active material powder to the container, and there are further provided a means for regenerating the drawn powder, a means for replenishing the powder, a means for converting the drawn powder into a charged powder by a thermal reaction or a chemical reaction, and the like.

First, the charge and discharge of the battery of the present embodiment will be described in detail.

(charging)

When the battery is connected to the power generation device 8, electrons emitted from the power generation device 8 reach the negative electrode current collector 6, and the electrons react with the negative electrode powder active material directly or while moving through the powder active material by the negative electrode current collector 6. The negative electrode powder active material receives electrons to generate anions, and the anions pass through the isolating layer 1 to enter the positive electrode pool 3 to react with the positive electrode powder active material to release electrons. The electrons are supplied to the power generation device 8 through the powdered active material or directly transferred to the positive electrode current collector 7.

(discharge)

When the battery is connected to the load device 8, the negative electrode current collector 6 discharges electrons to the external circuit, the discharged electrons reach the positive electrode current collector 7 through the load device 8, and the electrons react with the positive electrode powder active material by the positive electrode current collector 7 while moving directly or through the powder active material. Anions generated by the positive electrode powder active material by receiving electrons enter the negative electrode cell 2 through the isolation layer 1, and react with the negative electrode powder active material to release electrons. The electrons are supplied to the load device 8 through the powder active material or directly transferred to the negative electrode current collector 6.

The other constitution and action are the same as those in the case of embodiment 2.

(regeneration and replenishment of active substance)

Next, the regeneration and replenishment of the active material (catalyst) ofthe battery according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 10. Fig. 10 shows only the structure of the negative electrode side, and the same device and the like are provided on the positive electrode side.

As shown in fig. 10, the active material powder deteriorated by charge and discharge is extracted from the negative electrode cell 2 as a slurry together with an electrolyte solution (electrolytic solution), and a part or the whole of the active material powder is discarded by a separator 26 as necessary. The electrolytic solution is separated, and the powder fed from the separator 26 to the regenerator 27 is subjected to an acid treatment such as washing with hydrochloric acid in the regenerator 27. The powder regenerated by the regenerator 27 is again fed to the mixer 28, where new powder corresponding to the amount of powder discarded by the separator 26 is fed from the replenishment powder hopper 29. The regenerated and replenished powder is mixed with the electrolyte in the mixer 28 and fed as a slurry to the negative electrode tank 2 by a slurry pump (not shown). The structure for separating and mixing the electrolytes is omitted in the drawing.

The regeneration and replenishment of the battery by the reaction according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 11. In fig. 11, only the negative side configuration is illustrated, and the same device and the like are provided on the positive side.

As shown in fig. 11, the powder produced by charging and discharging is extracted as slurry together with the electrolyte from the negative electrode tank 2, and a part or all of the powder is discarded by a separator 26 as necessary. The separated electrolyte, the powder fed into the reactor 30 by the separator 26, reacts with the fuel fed from the fuel feed pipe 31 in the reactor 30, and forms again the dischargeableactive material. The charged powder is formed in the reactor 30 and fed into the mixer 28, where new powder corresponding to the amount of powder discarded by the separator 26 is fed from the replenishment powder hopper 29. The regenerated and replenished powder is mixed again with the electrolyte in the mixer 28, and fed as slurry to the negative electrode tank 2 by a slurry pump (not shown). In the figure, the configuration of separating and mixing the electrolytic solutions is omitted.

In the reactor 30, for example, a nickel-hydrogen type battery, the following reaction is performed.

This produces the same active material as MHx produced by the following reaction during charging.

In the positive electrode reactor, a nickel-hydrogen type battery performs the following reaction with oxygen or air.

This produces the same active material as NiOOH produced by the following reaction during charging.

The structure of the present embodiment can be appropriately combined with the structures of embodiments 3, 4, and 6.

(embodiment 8)

Fig. 12 shows a battery according to embodiment 8 of the first invention. In this embodiment, the negative electrode active material powder is taken as a hydrogen absorbing alloy, the gas for stirring (fluidizing) the negative electrode is taken as hydrogen gas and hydrogen-containing gas or hydrocarbon gas or alcohols or ethers, the positive electrode active material powder is taken as nickel hydroxide, and the gas for stirring (fluidizing) the positive electrode is taken as oxygen gas or air. As shown in fig. 12, the negative electrode cell 2 is filled with a hydrogen absorbing alloy and an electrolyte solution 20, and the positive electrode cell 3 is filled with a nickel hydroxide powder and an electrolyte solution 21. The fluidized fluid dispersing device 9 is used for supplying hydrogen to the cathode pool 2 and supplying oxygen or air to the anode pool 3And (4) qi. As the hydrogen absorbing alloy, for example, La can be used_0.8(Ce，Nd)_0.15Zr_0.05Ni_3.8Co_0.8Al_0.5And the like. As the electrolyte solution, for example, KOH aqueous solution or the like can be used.

In the negative electrode cell 2, hydrogen gas is supplied to the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and the electrolyte solution 20, and the following reaction occurs.

When the battery is connected to the load device 8, hydrogen absorbed by the hydrogen absorbing alloy reacts with hydroxyl groups in the electrolyte solution as follows, releasing electrons and water.

The released electrons move to the negative current collector 6 directly or through the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder. The electrons are moved from the negative current collector 6 to the positive current collector 7 through the load device 8. Electrons migrate from the positive electrode current collector 7 to the basic nickel hydroxide powder and react with the basic nickel hydroxide, or directly migrate, according to the following formula, to generate nickel hydroxide and hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl enters the negative electrode pool through the isolating layer 1 and reacts with the hydrogenation metal.

In the case of a nickel-hydrogen type battery as the positive electrode cell 3, the following reaction is performed with oxygen or air.

This produces the same active material as NiOOH produced by the following reaction during charging.

The other constitution and action are the same as those in the case of embodiment 2. Of course, the battery of the present embodiment may be implemented with the configurations of embodiments 3, 4, 6, and 7.

2. Embodiments of the second invention

(embodiment 1)

Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view and a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a verification tester for a laminated ternary battery according to embodiment 1 of the second invention. Fig. 14 is a schematic oblique view of a part of the main components before assembly (dispersed state). As shown in fig. 13, the laminated ternary battery 41 of the present embodiment is an ソタハイ battery (nickel metal hydride battery), and as shown in fig. 14, the battery (container) members 42 provided through the square central opening portion 42a in the thickness direction are configured in pairs of 2, and in the example of fig. 13, there are two pairs (4 in total) of battery members 42. As shown in fig. 14, a shallow (in this example, 0.5mm in depth) annular concave portion 42b is formed around the opening portion 42a in each battery member 42, and a substantially square alkali-resistant ion-permeable separator (in this example, a polytetrafluoroethylene separator) 43 is fitted into the concave portion 42b between the battery members 42, 42. The separator 43 is a film body which can pass only ions but not electrode powders n, h and electricity, and a ceramic plate, an ion exchange resin film, glass, or the like can be used in addition to the above. On the upper surface of each battery member 42, 2 liquid pouring ports 42c penetrating vertically are formed at regular intervals in the width direction in the vicinity of the opening portion 42a, and a rubber stopper 44 is detachably attached to each liquid pouring port 42 c.

A substantially square plate-shaped current collecting member (nickel plate in this example) 45 having alkali resistance and conductivity is inserted into the concave portion 42b between the battery cell units 42, 42. At both ends of the entire set of 2 sets of battery parts 42, there are alkali-resistant conductive collector bodies (nickel plates in this example) 46 and 47. An opening portion 48a having the same shape as the opening portion 42a in the central portion, and a gasket 48 made of rubber having the same outer shape as the cell member 42 are mounted between the cell members 42 and between the cell member 42 and the collector bodies 46 and 47. A plurality of through holes 42d, 48d, 46d, 47d penetrating in the thickness direction are formed in the battery member 42, the gasket 48, and the collector bodies 46 and 47 at regular intervals in the circumferential direction around the opening portions 42a and 48 a. In this way, a series of non-conductive bolts 49 are inserted into the plurality of through holes 42d, 48d, 46d, and 47d, and nuts (not shown) are screwed tightly to end threads 49a of the bolts 49. At the upper end portions of the collector bodies 46 and 47 at the left end (positive electrode) and the right end (negative electrode), small holes 46e and 47e are opened at a certain interval in the width direction, and in this example, in the small holes 46e and 47e at both ends of the left and right collector bodies 46 and 47, a positive electrode terminal 50 and a negative electrode terminal 51 are attached to be connected to one ends of wirings 52 and 53.

In each battery member 42, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution k as an electrolyte solution is poured through a pouring port 42c, and nickel hydroxide powder n as a positive electrode powder active material, a powder active material hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h as a negative electrode, a powder active material nickel hydroxide powder n as a positive electrode, and a powder active material hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h as a negative electrode are sequentially filled in the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution k from the left end side battery member 42 in fig. 13(b) and suspended. As a result, the positive electrode cell 54, the negative electrode cell 55, the positive electrode cell 54, and the negative electrode cell 55 are formed in this order from the left end to the right end in fig. 13 (b).

The stacked type ternary battery 41 was constructed as described above, and the battery 41 of this example was a battery formed of 2 nickel-hydrogen unit cells (secondary batteries) 56 connected in series and having a voltage of about 2.4V. Between the positive terminal 50 and the negative terminal 51 of the battery 41, a load device 57 such as a 2.4V light bulb is connected by wires 52 and 53. In the charged state, during discharge, the basic nickel hydroxide powder n in the positive electrode pool 54, which is in contact with the positive electrode collector body 46 of the 1 st left-hand cell 56 having the positive electrode terminal 50, receives electrons from the positive electrode collector 46 (e)^-) Electron (e)^-) The basic nickel hydroxide powder n is supplied to a series of contact with hydrogen ions to form nickel hydroxide.Similarly, in the negative electrode cell 55, the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h emits electrons (e)^-) And hydrogen ion (H)⁺) These hydrogen ions enter the positive electrode through the ion permeable separator layer 43In the pool. That is, in the positive electrode reservoir 54, the following reaction proceeds,

the following reaction is performed in the negative electrode cell 55,

(M: hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder).

Then, electrons (e) released from the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h are absorbed in the negative electrode cell 55^-) The hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h moves and is accumulated (collected) on the current collecting member 45 constituting a partition wall with the positive electrode cell 54 in the 2 nd unit cell 56 on the right side, whereby the basic nickel hydroxide powder n in the positive electrode cell 54 of the 2 nd unit cell receives electrons from the current collecting member 45 (e)^-) Electron (e)^-) The nickel hydroxide powder n is supplied to the series of contacted basic nickel hydroxide powders n together with hydrogen ions to form nickel hydroxide. In the negative electrode cell 55 of the right-side 2 nd unit cell 56, the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h releases electrons (e)^-) And hydrogen ion (H)⁺) The hydrogen ions pass through the ion permeable separation layer 43 into the positive electrode reservoir 54. Electrons (e) emitted in the negative electrode cell 55^-) The current is collected on the negative collector body 47, and is moved from the negative terminal 51 to the load device 57 through the wire 53, and is further moved to the positive collector body 46 through the wire 52. Thus, a current flows from the positive terminal 50 of the positive collector body 46 to the negative terminal 51 of the negative collector body 47 through the load device 57. This generates a voltage of 1.2V × 2(2.4V) (discharge is performed).

On the other hand, the ternary battery 41 is charged as follows. A predetermined voltage is applied to the battery 41 by the charger 58, and electrons are supplied from the negative terminal 51 of the negative collector body 47 to the negative cell 55 of the 2 nd unit cell 56 on the right side (e)^-). Electron (e)^-) While moving within the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h, the following reaction occurs to generate hydroxyl ions.

(M: Hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder)

Hydroxyl ions (OH) generated in the negative electrode cell 55^-) Moves into the left positive electrode cell 54 through the ion permeable separator 43, and reacts with the nickel hydroxide powder n to release electrons (e)^-)。

Electrons (e) emitted in the positive electrode cell 54^-) And collected on the current collecting member 45 and moved to the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h in the left-adjacent negative electrode cell 55, whereby the reaction shown by the above formula occurs to generate hydroxyl ions. Hydroxyl ions (OH) generated in the negative electrode cell 55^-) Moves into the positive electrode cell 54 of the 1 st cell 56 on the left side through the ion permeable separator 43, reacts with the nickel hydroxide powder n in the above formula, and emits electrons (e)^-). Electron (e)^-) Collected on the positive terminal 50 of the positive collector body 46 and sent to the charger 58.

(embodiment 2)

Fig. 15 is a conceptual schematic view of a centrallongitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 2 of the second invention.

As shown in fig. 15, the ternary battery 41-1 of the present example is a lead battery and is configured by connecting 6 sets of unit lead batteries 56 in series. The unit lead battery 56 is divided at the middle portion by an acid-resistant ion-permeable separator 43 to form a positive electrode cell 54 and a negative electrode cell 55. The left end wall of the positive cell 54 of the left-end (group 1) unit cell 56 and the right end wall of the negative cell 55 of the right-end (group 6) unit cell 56 are respectively constituted by acid-resistant conductor (platinum plate or lead plate) side walls as collector bodies 46, 47, and the right side wall of the negative cell 55 of the group 1 unit cell 56 and the left side wall of the positive cell 54 of the group 6 unit cell 56 are constituted by acid-resistant conductor side walls (platinum plate or lead plate) as a current collector 45. The unit cells 56 of the 4 middle groups are connected in series between the unit cells 56 of each group by the acid-resistant conductor (platinum plate or lead plate) serving as the current collecting member 45 serving also as the partition wall, and are also connected in series with the unit cells 56 of the left end (group 1) and the right end (group 6) by the side wall (platinum plate or lead plate) serving as the acid-resistant conductor of the current collecting member 45.

In each of the cells 54, 55, a dilute sulfuric acid solution (aqueous sulfuric acid solution) r is filled as an electrolyte solution common in this example. Lead dioxide (PbO) is added to the dilute sulfuric acid solution in the positive electrode tank 54₂) Powder a, suspended. On the other hand, metallic lead (Pb) powder B is added to the dilute sulfuric acid solution in the negative electrode pool 55 and suspended.

The ternary battery 41-1 of embodiment 2, which is formed by the above-described structure, is discharged as follows. That is, the positive electrode cell 54, which is in contact with the positive collector body 46 at the left end, receives electrons from the collector body 46 and transfers the electrons (e)^-) The lead dioxide powder A is supplied and reacted according to the following formula to form lead sulfate (PbSO)₄) And ions are generated.

Subsequently, the anions in the positive electrode cell 54 migrate from the ion-permeable separator 43 into the negative electrode cell 55, react with the metallic lead powder B in the following manner, and release electrons (e)^-) Oxidizing the lead sulfate to generate lead sulfate powder.

The electrons in the negative electrode cell 55 are collected on the current collecting member 45, and the current collecting member 45 supplies the electrons to the lead dioxide powder A in the right adjacent positive electrode cell 54, and the reaction proceeds as described above to produce lead sulfate (PbSO)₄) And ions are generated. Then, the anions in the positive electrode cell 54 migrate from the ion-permeable separator 43 into the negative electrode cell 55, react with the metallic lead powder B in the above-described manner, and emit electrons to produce lead sulfate powder. The electrons are collected on the current collecting member 45. This reaction is sequentially repeated in each unit cell 56, and electrons are collected from the negative collector body 47 at the right end to the positive electrode at the left end by a load device (not shown)The electrode main body 46 moves, and conversely, a current flows from the positive collector main body 46 to the negative collector main body 47 on the right end by a load device (not shown). In the case of this example, a voltage of about 13.6V is generated. The collector body and the electrode are made of an acid-resistant conductive material,any of these may be used, and for example, carbon and a conductive polymer may be used.

(embodiment 3)

Fig. 16 is a conceptual diagram of an intermediate longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 3 of the second invention.

As shown in fig. 16, the ternary battery 41-2 of the present embodiment is a lead battery as in embodiment 2 of fig. 15, and is configured such that a rotatable shaft 59 penetrating the axial direction is disposed and the battery 41-2 is rotated by a manual or rotary drive device (not shown). Unlike the battery 41-1 of embodiment 2, a plurality of stirring blades 59a are provided so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the rotary shaft 59 at positions corresponding to the inside of the cells 54 and 55 on the rotary shaft 59, and the dilute sulfuric acid solution r in the cells 54 and 55 is stirred together with the suspended lead dioxide powder a or metal lead powder B by the rotation of the rotary shaft 59.

Therefore, according to the ternary battery 41-2 of this example, the lead dioxide powder a and the metallic lead powder B as the electrode powders are stirred to bring the electrode powders A, B into good contact with the collector main bodies 46 and 47 or the current collecting member 45, so that the capacities of the cells 54 and 55 (cell members 42: see fig. 13) can be increased to increase the electric energy. By stirring the lead dioxide powder a and the metallic lead powder B as the electrode powders, adhesion of lead sulfate particles to the collector body and the current collecting member can be prevented, so that lead plates can be used as the collector bodies 46, 47 and the current collecting member 45. Since the battery 41-1 of embodiment 2 is the same except that the stirring device 59 is provided, the same components as those of embodiment 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

(embodiment 4)

Fig. 17 is a conceptual diagram of an intermediate longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 4 of the second invention.

As shown in fig. 17, the ternary battery 41-3 of this example is a lead battery having a stirring device similar to that of embodiment 3 of fig. 16, but the stirring device is different from the battery 41-2 of embodiment 3. That is, the stirring device of this example is composed of a stirring device 60 for the positive electrode tank 54 and a stirring device 61 for the negative electrode tank 55, each of the stirring devices 60 and 61 has a circulation pump 62 and 63, a dispersion nozzle 66 and 67 is attached to an inlet of a circulation pipe 64 and 65 of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution r, and a filter 68 and 69 having an electrode powder A, B attached to an outlet thereof so as to circulate the sulfuric acid aqueous solution r. In the battery 41-3 of this example, the aqueous sulfuric acid solution r is sprayed from the dispersion nozzles 66 and 67 to the positive electrode cell 54 or the negative electrode cell 55, respectively, to stir the electrode powder A, B. In addition, a return water elbow (trap) is adopted between the pump and the electrolyte solution for isolation.

Since the electrode powders of lead dioxide powder a and metal lead powder B, which are the electrode powders of the ternary battery 41-3 of this example, are stirred to bring the electrode powders A, B into good contact with the collector bodies 46 and 47 or the current collecting member 45, the capacity of the cells 54 and 55 (cell members 42: see fig. 13) can be increased, and the amount of electricity obtained can be increased and the adhesion of lead sulfate particles to the collector bodies and the current collecting member can be prevented, so that lead plates can be used as the collector bodies 46 and 47 and the current collecting member 45. The same reference numerals are used for the same portions as those in embodiment 3 except for the difference in the stirring device, since the same portions as those in embodiment 3 are the same as those in battery 41-2 of embodiment 3, and the description thereof is omitted.

(embodiment 5)

Fig. 18 is a conceptual diagram of an intermediate longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 5 of the second invention.

As shown in fig. 18, the ternary battery 41-4 of this example is a lead battery having a stirring device of the same structure as that of embodiment 4 of fig. 17, however, the stirring device is different from battery 41-3 of embodiment 4. That is, in the stirring apparatus of this example, inert gases such as nitrogen and argon are supplied from an inert gas source 70 through pipes 73 and 74 by blowers 71 and 72 to the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution k in the positive electrode cell 54 and the negative electrode cell 55 through dispersion nozzles 75 and 76, and the electrode powders n and h are stirred and fluidized. On the other hand, an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon is supplied to the positive electrode tank 54 and the negative electrode tank 55, and is released and extracted into the atmosphere through the filters 79 and 80 by the separate pipes 77 and 78.

In the ternary battery 41-4 of this example, nickel hydroxide powder n was placed in the positive electrode cell 54, hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h was placed in the negative electrode cell 55, and suspended in potassium hydroxide aqueous solution k as an electrolyte solution, to form a nickel-hydrogen type ternary secondary battery. Oxygen or air is used as the fluidizing agitation gas for the positive electrode cell 54, and hydrogen is used as the fluidizing agitation gas for the negative electrode cell 55. At this time, the following reaction occurs. That is, in the negative electrode cell 55, the hydrogen absorbing alloy powder h reacts with hydrogen as follows:

when the battery is connected to a load device 57 (see fig. 13), hydrogen gas occluded by the hydrogen-occluding alloy powder h reacts with hydroxyl ions in the electrolyte solution k, and electrons and water are released as follows.

The released electrons are collected on the negative electrode collector main body 47, and move to the positive electrode collector main body 46 by the loading device 57 (see fig. 13), move to the basic nickel hydroxide powder n in the positive electrode cell 46, and react with water in the following formula to generate nickel hydroxide and hydroxyl ions.

The hydroxyl ions migrate through the separator 43 toward the negative reservoir 55 and react with the hydrogenated metal, releasing electrons and water.

On the other hand, in the positive electrode tank 54, the following reaction occurs due to the supply of oxygen or air.

As a result, NiOOH is generated by the reaction according to the following formula during charging, and power is generated.

(embodiment 6)

Fig. 19 is a conceptual diagram of an intermediate longitudinal section of a laminated type ternary battery according to embodiment 6 of the second invention.

As shown in fig. 19, the ternary battery 41-5 of this example is constituted by a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, as in embodiment 1 of fig. 13, but the capacities of the positive electrode cell 54 and the negative electrode cell 55 are considerably large. Instead, a plurality of terminals 81, 82, 83 are extended from the collector bodies 46, 47 and the collector member 45 into the positive electrode cell 54 or the negative electrode cell 55 at regular intervals. In this example, since the collector bodies 46 and 47 and the collector member 45 are made of nickel plates, the posts 81, 82, and 83 may be formed integrally with the nickel plates. In the battery 41-5 of this example, the volume of each cell 54, 55 is greatly enlarged, and the electrode powders n, h are reliably brought into contact with the collector bodies 46, 47 and the current collector, so that electricity (electrons and current) can be sufficiently transmitted. The stirring device 59 of embodiment 3 or embodiment 4, or a combination of 60 and 61 may be used in the battery 41-5 of this example.

(other embodiments)

The embodiment of the ternary battery according to the second invention has been described above, but may be carried out as follows.

① As the active material powder of the positive and negative electrodes, in addition to the above, for example, nickel hydroxide and cadmium, or nickel hydroxide and iron hydroxide can be used.

② in the above embodiment, 2 to 6 unit secondary batteries 56 are connected in series by conductive members 45 having conductivity (acid resistance or alkali resistance), but any number of them may be connected in series at a desired voltage.

③ the capacity of the battery can be increased by increasing the capacity of the battery member 42 according to the required power capacity, and a stirring device and terminals can be provided as required.

3. Embodiment of the third invention

Embodiments of the third invention will be described in detail below with specific examples of a device or apparatus having a function as a chargeable and dischargeable power storage device with a ternary structure battery (ternary battery) as a part of the structure, a rotating machine with electric power stored in the ternary battery as a power source, a moving object with electric power stored in the ternary battery as a power source, a power transmission device for supplying other devices with electric power stored in the ternary battery, and a device for converting electric power stored in the ternary battery into light energy, kinetic energy, or heat energy.

[ Power storage device or apparatus having charge and discharge functions with a ternary battery as a part of the structure]

(door)

In many cases, various doors such as a door of a building and a door of an automobile have a double-layer structure for heat insulation and strength improvement, but the internal space thereof is not effectively utilized.

Therefore, the internal space of the door can be used as a battery of a rechargeable/dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the ternary battery is charged by the above mechanism, and the internal space of the door is used as a power storage.

As a result, when this embodiment is applied to a door of a building, even if power supply is stopped in an accident caused by a power failure of a commercial power supply, the electric power of the three-way battery stored in the door is used as an emergency power supply, and when the embodiment is applied to an automobile door, it is not necessary to separately mount a storage battery. The battery active material is mainly metal particles, and has characteristics of high impact resistance in the event of an automobile accident, sound absorption, and excellent sound insulation.

Fig. 20 is a longitudinal sectional view of a door having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery in an inner space. In fig. 20, 91 denotes a door case, 92 denotes a positive terminal using a hinge, 93 denotes a negative terminal using a hinge, 94 denotes a conductive current collecting member, each cell is divided into a plurality of cells by the current collecting member 94 and a non-conductive separator 95, each cell is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 96, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 97 are filled in one of the divided cells, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 98 are filled in the other divided cell. 99 a key device and 100 a knob.

(bridge pier)

Most of the piers are made of steel or concrete, and most of the steel piers have a hollow structure, but the hollow internal space is not effectively used.

Therefore, the interior of the hollow steel pier can be used as a cell of the chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the above-described mechanism charges the ternary battery, and the internal space of the pier is used as the power storage.

As a result, the strength of the foundation to be broken is increased by filling the pier cavity with iron powder or the like as an active material, and on the other hand, for example, when the pier is near the sea, the electric power generated by the temperature difference of the sea water or the electric power generated by the tide can be stored, and the electric power generated by the wind power can also be stored.

Fig. 21 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a bridge pier having a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery in an internal space. In fig. 21, reference numeral 101 denotes a pier block (ブロツク), reference numeral 102 denotes a branch flange (フランジ), reference numeral 103 denotes an electrically conductive current collecting member, each cell divided by the current collecting member 103 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 104, one of the divided cells is filled with a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 105, and the other of the divided cells is filled with a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 106.

For example, when a block of 20m square and 5m high is stacked into 80 layers to form a bridge with 4 piers, the pier block 101 is made of an iron alloy, the inside is plated with nickel, the separator 104 is made of a material having high insulator strength such as a sintered metal oxide, an active material in which metal nickel powder is mixed with nickel hydroxide powder is used as the positive electrode powder active material, an active material in which iron hydroxide powder and metal nickel powder are mixed is used as the negative electrode powder active material, an active material in which iron hydroxide powder and metal nickel powder are mixed is used as the electrolyte solution, and a 6-equivalent potassium hydroxide solution is used, 700 billion kWhr of electric power can be stored, which is about 1 month electric power for national commercial use in japan.

(dam)

Dams are large structures typically constructed by filling concrete, however, this large volume is used only as a means of converting the potential energy of water into electricity.

Therefore, as a dam of a steel case, the inner space thereof can be used as a huge cell of a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the dam is not only used as a device for converting the potential energy of water into electric power, but also the ternary battery is charged with the above-described mechanism, and the internal space of the dam is used as an electric power storage.

As a result, the power storage efficiency was as high as 95% compared with the pumping power generation efficiency of 60%.

Fig. 22 is a side view of a dam having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery in its inner space. In fig. 22, 111 denotes a positive electrode collector body, 112 denotes a negative electrode collector body, 113 denotes an electrically conductive current collecting member, each cell divided by the current collecting member 113 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 114, and in the divided cell, the cell part near the positive electrode collector body is filled with a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 115, and in the divided cell, the cell part near the negative electrode collector body is filled with a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 116.

(heating radiator)

Although water and oil are used as a cooling medium in the liquid-cooled radiator, the transfer of such a cooling medium to fuel or the like is difficult, and the liquid-cooled radiator is used only as a coolant.

Therefore, when the heat sink is formed of a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery, the electrolyte is used as a cooling medium.

That is, the heat sink is used as a power reservoir by receiving necessary heat from the electrolyte during charging and discharging of the battery.

As a result, for example, it is not necessary to mount a battery on an automobile, and the power storage efficiency of the battery can be improved. Particularly, when the outside air temperature is low, the reaction rate of the battery can be accelerated by heating the electrolyte.

Fig. 23 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat sink as a power storage device. In fig. 23, 121 is a heat sink body, 122 is a fin, the heat sink body 121 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 123, in one divided side, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 124 are filled, and in the other divided side, a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 125 are filled. Reference numeral 126 denotes a positive collector body, and 127 denotes a negative collector body. 128a, 128b are separate active substance filters for regenerating active substances, the separate active substance filter 128b being in communication with a heat source. Heat from the heat source is transferred to the heat sink body 121.

(roof)

Generally, tiles, thatch, ceramics, and the like having excellent heat insulation and water repellency are used for roofs of houses, but the roofs themselves do not have an energy conversion function, and it can be said that a large space between the roof and the ceiling is wasted.

Therefore, a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is formed by utilizing the space between the roof and the ceiling.

That is, the roof is used as a power storage, instead of enclosing soil, which also serves as a heat insulator, in the roof, and a powdery active material of the three-way battery is enclosed therein.

As a result, for example, electric power generated by solar cells and wind power generation installed on a roof is stored in the ternary battery, and if the ternary battery has a heat exchange function, hot air in the room is sucked in summer for a battery reaction of the ternary battery, and heat generated by the reaction of the ternary battery is released into the room in winter, thereby making the room warm in winter and cool in summer. The ternary battery is used not only as a power storage device but also as an air conditioner. The air conditioning effect can be obtained by providing a ternary battery having a heat exchange function also in the ceiling portion of the automobile.

Fig. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view of a house having a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery in a ceiling portion. In fig. 24, reference numeral 131 denotes a roof, 132a, 132b denotes walls, a plurality of current collecting members 134 are arranged from one wall 132a to the other wall 132b in a ceiling portion surrounded by the roof 131, the walls 132a, 132b, and a beam 133, each cell divided by the current collecting members 134 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 135, and a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 137 are filled in a part of the divided cell close to a positive electrode collector body 136, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 139 are filled in a part of the divided cell close to a negative electrode collector body 138.

(automobile hood and trunk lid)

The hood and trunk lid of an automobile, although used to cover the engine and other contents and as a strength member, have its inner portion not utilized.

Therefore, the hood and the trunk lid are used as the case of the ternary battery, and the ternary battery that can be charged and discharged is formed inside the hood and thetrunk lid.

That is, the hood and trunk lid have a battery function thereon.

As a result, it has not been necessary to mount a battery in the hood, and the three-way battery functions as a strength member, thereby increasing the strength of the hood and the trunk lid.

Fig. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of a case having a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery inside. In fig. 25, 141 is a case and 142 is a conductive current collecting member, each cell divided by the current collecting member 142 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 143, and the divided cell is filled with a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 144, and the divided cell is filled with a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 145.

(road)

In general, when constructing a road, a roadbed material is laid on a lower layer, an upper layer roadbed material is laid on the lower layer roadbed material, asphalt is laid on a surface layer portion, and the roadbed material is not particularly used except for being used as a road foundation.

Therefore, a ternary battery capable of charging and discharging is formed near the ground surface by using the powdery active material instead of the roadbed material which is generally used at present.

That is, the three-way battery is charged by the above mechanism, and a large amount of electric power is stored in the road.

As a result, the road freezing can be prevented by the heat generated by the battery reaction, and the roadbed material can be recycled by the regeneration of the powder active material.

Fig. 26 is a sectional view of the vicinity of the ground surface where the chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is formed. In fig. 26, asphalt 151 is laid, a positive collector body 152, a negative collector body 153, and a conductive current collecting member 154, the cell divided by the current collecting member 154 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 155, a positive powder active material and an electrolyte solution 156 are filled in the cell part near the positive collector body in the divided cell, and a negative powder active material and an electrolyte solution 157 are filled in the cell part near the negative collector body in the divided cell.

(food utensil)

Generally, in order to provide food appliances with excellent heat retaining properties, appliances having a double-layered structure of pottery and metal having high heat insulating properties are often used. However, since the heat insulating property is high and the heat capacity is large, it is necessary to ensure a good heat retaining property in order to adjust the temperature of food or to heat or cool the container in advance before the food is loaded into the food utensil.

Therefore, the bottom or side of the food utensil is formed into a double-layer structure, a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is formed by using the internal space of the double-layer structure, and a heating element or a cooling element is embedded in the internal space.

That is, the electric power stored in the ternary battery is used as a power source, and the heating element or the cooling element is activated to heat the food stored hot or cool the food stored cold.

As a result, the food item does not have to be heated or cooled before the hot food item is loaded into the food item. In addition, it is not necessary to cool the food utensil nor to warm the food before placing the cold food into the food utensil.

FIG. 27 is a longitudinal sectional view of a food utensil having a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery at a side portion thereof. In fig. 27, 161 denotes a handle of a food utensil, and a food utensil body 162 has a double-layered structure having an internal space. The internal space on the side of the food utensil main body 162 is divided into 2 parts by the ion permeable separator 163, and the positive electrode powder active material and the electrolyte solution 164 are filled in one of the divided spaces, and the negative electrode powder active material and the electrolyte solution 165 are filled in the other of the divided spaces. A heating element (or cooling element) 166 is embedded in the bottom of the food appliance. Numeral 167 denotes a power switch, and numeral 168 denotes a charging socket. The above-structured side ternary battery for food appliances is charged by the charging socket 168, and when food is loaded into the food appliance, the power switch 167 is activated to activate the heating element (or cooling element) 166 with the electric power charged in the side ternary battery, so as to heat or cool the food held in the food appliance.

(counter weight)

Cranes such as power shovels, fork lift trucks, cranes, etc. generally use a counterweight as an essential attachment for balancing a load to be picked up, and such a counterweight is a metal block and is not utilized for any purpose other than weight balancing.

Therefore, the counter weight has a positive electrode collector body and a negative electrode collector body inside, an ion permeable separator is interposed between the positive electrode collector body and the negative electrode collector body, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution are filled between the positive electrode collector body and the ion permeable separator, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution are filled between the negative electrode collector body and the ion permeable separator, thereby forming a rechargeable ternary battery.

That is, not only the counterweight is used as a single weight, but also it can be used as an electric power storage.

As a result, the electric power of the built-in ternary battery can be used as a power source for operating a crane such as a power shovel, a forklift truck, or a crane.

(concave bed)

Depending on the house, high-temperature combustion exhaust gas may be introduced under the concave bed, or an electric heater may be provided to use the exhaust gas as a heat source for an indoor heating system. However, it is difficult to apply such heat to the air conditioner, so it cannot be said that the space under the concave bed is fully utilized.

Therefore, a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery can be formed under the concave bed.

That is, the power storage is formed under the concave bed, and one electrode releases heat and the other electrode absorbs heat during charging and discharging, so that the power storage can be used in an indoor air conditioning room.

In this way, since the heat absorbed by the battery as a power source of the cooling and heating air-conditioned room can be directly utilized, the energy conversion efficiency is improved as compared with a general air conditioner for cooling and heating the air-conditioned room by utilizing the heat of vaporization and heat dissipation generated by expansion and compression of the compressible heat transfer medium.

FIG. 28 is a sectional view of a recessed residential bed with a rechargeable/rechargeable ternary battery. In fig. 28, reference numeral 171 denotes a concave bed, 172 denotes a positive electrode, 173 denotes a negative electrode, and 174 denotes an electrically conductive current collecting member, each cell divided by the current collecting member 174 arranged from the positive electrode to the negative electrode is further divided into 2 parts by the ion permeable separator 175, and the cell part near the positive electrode in the divided cell is filled with a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 176, and the cell part near the negative electrode in the divided cell is filled with a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 177. Reference numeral 178 denotes a cooling/heating switch for supplying the heat medium, and reference numeral 179 denotes a cooling/heating switch for recovering the heat medium. The heat medium passing through the space 180 for circulation of the heat medium under the concave bed is recovered by the recovered heat medium cooling/heating switch 179 by the cooling/heating switch 178 for supplying the heat medium, supplied to each of the positive-electrode tank internal heat exchangers 182 by the positive-electrode heat-exchanger heat-medium supply pump 181, and sent to the cooling/heating switch 178 for the heat medium via the positive-electrode heat-exchanger heat-medium discharge pump 183. The heat medium recovered by the recovered heat medium cooling/heating switch 179 is supplied to each negative-electrode heat exchanger 185 in the negative-electrode cell by a negative-electrode heat exchanger heat medium supply pump 184, and is sent to the cooling/heating switch 178 to which the heat medium is supplied via a negative-electrode heat exchanger heat medium discharge pump 186. Therefore, by switching the cooling/heating switch 178 for supplying the heat medium and the cooling/heating switch 179 for recovering the heat medium to the air conditioner or the heating machine, the chemical reaction heat generated by the battery reaction during the charge and discharge can be used as a cooling source of the air conditioner or as a heating source.

(bed)

Generally speaking, the bed has good heat insulation performance, and is warm in winter and hot in summer.

Therefore, a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is formed in the bed by utilizing the part of the bed surface under which elastic means such as a spring body are installed.

That is, since the bed is formed as a power storage device, and one electrode releases heat and the other electrode absorbs heat during charging and discharging, the exothermic reaction is used for heating rooms and the endothermic reaction is used for cooling air.

As described above, since the heat absorption and release of the battery are directly used as the power source of the air-conditioned room, the energy conversion efficiency is improved as compared with a general air conditioner that air-conditions the room by using the vaporization heat and the release heat generated by the expansion and compression of the compressible heat transfer medium.

The specific illustration is omitted as in fig. 28 (the bed surface may be replaced by a concave bed 171).

(Power supply for engineering)

Although engine power plants are generally available as power sources for various types of construction in places where commercial power sources are not available, there are problems such as noise and pollution caused by exhaust gas.

Therefore, a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is mounted on a vehicle and installed at a construction site. Thus, the ternary battery can supply power when required by engineering.

Thus, a power supply device with low noise and low exhaust gas can be provided. Especially, when the power supply for engineering is needed in narrow spaces such as residentialdense areas, tunnels and the like, the effect is great.

Fig. 29 is a side view of a trailer on which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is mounted. In fig. 29, reference numeral 191 denotes a vehicle and 192 denotes a trailer on which a ternary battery is mounted.

[ rotating machine using electric power stored in a ternary battery as a power source]

(electric motor)

Generally, when the electric motor cannot be supplied with electric power from an external power source, it cannot be operated, and there is a disadvantage that a current higher than a rated current flows at the time of starting.

Therefore, a rechargeable ternary battery is formed by using the case or the base of the motor as a battery case.

That is, by incorporating the power storage device inside the motor, the motor can be operated even if the external power supply cannot supply power.

Thus, the motor and the battery are combined, reducing the overall volume of the device. At the time of starting, electric power can be supplied by the ternary battery in addition to the external power supply, an excessive power supply device is not required, and the amount of external power can be controlled. In addition, during normal operation of the motor, only the three-way battery supplies electric power, and external electric power is not required, and the motor can still operate even when power is cut off.

Fig. 30(a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a motor in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated in a case. In fig. 30(a), 201 denotes a rotating shaft, 202 denotes a rotor, 203 denotes a magnetic coil, 204 denotes a positive collector body, 205 denotes an ion permeable separator, and 206 denotes a negative collector body. Between the positive collector body 204 and the ion-permeable separator 205, a positive powder active material and an electrolyte solution 207 are filled, and between the negative collector body 206 and the ion-permeable separator 205, a negative powder active material and an electrolyte solution 208 are filled. In fig. 30(a), if the cells are stacked in the circumferential direction or in the vertical axis direction, a high voltage can be obtained. Although the negative collector body 206 is shown in a circular shape, if it is stacked in a rectangular shape in the vertical axis direction, the volumetric efficiency of the motor can be improved.

Fig. 30(b) is a longitudinal sectional view of a motor in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is assembled in a base. In fig. 30(b), reference numeral 209 denotes a base of a motor 215, 210 denotes a positive collector body, 211 denotes an ion permeable separator, and 212 denotes a negative collector body. Between the positive electrode collector body 210 and the separator 211, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 213 are filled, and between the negative electrode collector body 212 and the separator 211, a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 214 are filled.

The article in which the ternary battery of the present invention is operated by a small motor can be used in a portable tape recorder, for example, because the battery space used at present can be omitted and the motor is slightly large, the entire portable tape recorder can be made small. If the ternary battery of the present invention is used for a large-sized motor, a large current required for starting the motor can be supplied from the ternary battery, and therefore, an excessive power supply device required only for starting is not required, and the amount of external power used can be greatly reduced.

(engines)

Generally, an outer jacket for circulating a cooling medium is attached to a casing of an engine such as a piston engine or a turbine engine, and when starting the engine, an electric motor is required, and when starting the electric motor, electric power must be supplied from an external power supply.

Therefore, a casing of the engine is used as a battery casing to form a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the case forming the battery absorbs heat of the engine, efficiently converts the heat into electric power, and stores the electric power outside the engine case.

Thus, the engine has a power storage function, so that an external power supply is not required. By storing electricity using the heat of the engine, the overall energy efficiency is improved since the thermal energy, which has been previously wasted to the outside, is converted into electric energy to be stored.

Fig. 31 is a longitudinal sectional view of a turbine engine in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is assembled in a case. In fig. 31, 221 denotes a rotating shaft, 222 denotes a turbine, 223 denotes a casing, 224 denotes a positive electrode collector main body, 225 denotes an ion permeable separator, and 226 denotes a negative electrode collector main body. Between the positive collector body 224 and the separator 225, a positive powder active material and an electrolyte solution 227 are filled, and between the negative collector body 226 and the separator 225, a negative powder active material and an electrolyte solution 228 are filled.

The cell structure shown in fig. 31 is a cell structure that operates at a relatively high temperature in addition to the operating temperature of the engine (for example, a molten carbonate fuel cell that operates at a high temperature of about 650 ℃ using a carbonate such as lithium carbonate or potassium carbonate as an electrolyte), and it is preferable that an electrode that absorbs heat by charging be used in common with the case 223. In fig. 31, although the case of the turbine engine is shown, in the case of the piston engine, a cooling double jacket on the outer periphery of the cylinder may be used as a case of the battery.

[ moving object powered by electric power stored in ternary battery]

(double-layer structure boat)

A tanker or the like is a transport ship which can contaminate seawater liquid in case of leakage, and a double-deck structure is often adopted in order not to cause the liquid to flow into the ocean due to an accident or the like, but the double-deck structure is not effectively utilized.

Therefore, in the double-layer structure portion, seawater, alkali, and the like are used as an electrolyte to form a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the double-structure portion of the ship is used as the power storage.

As a result, the stored electric power can be used as a power source for the ship in navigation.

Fig. 32 is a partially schematic side view of a two-layer structure ship in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is assembled. In fig. 32, 231 denotes an oil tank wall as a positive collector main body, 232 denotes an ion permeable separator, and 233 denotes an outboard wall as a negative collector main body. Between the positive electrode collector body 231 and the separator 232, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 234 are filled, and between the negative electrode collector body 233 and the separator 232, a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 235 are filled. In the case of this embodiment, seawater may be used as the electrolyte. In this way, by effectively using the double-deck structure portion of the double-deck structure ship as a ternary battery, for example, when 5% of the weight of a 100 ten thousand ton tanker is used as a battery, it is possible to sail at a power of 10 ten thousand horsepower for 60 hours.

(boat)

Petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuel, coal, and the like, which are energy sources, can be transported in large quantities by large ships with large water discharge in order to reduce transportation costs, but there is no device for directly transmitting electric power.

Therefore, a part or the whole of the ship cabin can be used as a battery of the chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the ship's hold is used as a power storage.

As a result, the stored electric power can be used as a power source for the ship in navigation.

Fig. 33 is a longitudinal partial sectional view of a ship in which a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is assembled. In fig. 33, numeral 241 denotes a ship bulkhead as a positive collector body, and numeral 242 denotes an outer ship wall as a negative collector body. A plurality of conductive current collecting members 243 serving as partition walls are provided between the positive electrode collector body 241 and the negative electrode collector body 242, each cell divided by the current collecting members 243 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 244, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 245 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell adjacent to the positive electrode collector body, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 246 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell adjacent to the negative electrode collector body.

Assuming that 1 million kWhr of electricity can be stored when a ternary battery is manufactured from a ship with a displacement of 100 million tons. If the unit price of 1kWhr is 10 yen, electric power equivalent to 10 billion yen can be transported, and it is preferable that the transportation efficiency is improved as compared with the transportation of natural gas and coal.

(aeroplane)

The body of the aircraft is associated with pressure resistance, while the wings are associated with strength, so that a double structure is formed, fuel is filled in a part of the internal space of the wings, and the rest of the internal space is not effectively utilized.

Therefore, a cell of the chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is formed by using the internal space of the wing.

That is, the power stored in the ternary battery in the wing is used as the power at the time of starting the engine of the aircraft and the power source for the interior of the aircraft during traveling.

As a result, no electric gas turbines and special accumulators are required, which reduces the overall weight of the aircraft.

Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view of an airplane wing incorporating a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery. In fig. 34, reference numeral 251 denotes an airfoil inner partition wall serving as a positive collector body, and 252 denotes an airfoil outer wall serving as a negative collector body. A plurality of conductive current collecting members 253 which also serve as partition walls are interposed between a positive collector body 251 and a negative collector body 252, each cell divided by the current collecting members 253 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 254, a positive powder active material and an electrolyte solution 255 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell which is close to the positive collector body, and a negative powder active material and an electrolyte solution 256 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell which is close to the negative collector body.

(road roller)

The road roller of a road roller is large and heavy, and the road roller functions by weight, so a large amount of iron blocks are filled in the roller to be used as heavy objects, but the fillers are not effectively utilized.

Therefore, the active substance powder is used for replacing the iron blocks inside the roller of the road roller to form the chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the roller of the road roller is used as a power source for movement.

As a result, the road roller is effectively used as a power source in addition to being heavy.

Fig. 35 is a sectional view of a roller incorporating a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery. In fig. 35, reference numeral 261 denotes a rotation axis of the positive collector body, and 262 denotes an outer wall of the negative collector body. An electrically conductive current collecting member 263 also serving as a partition wall is interposed between a positive electrode collector body 261 and a negative electrode collector body 262, each cell divided by the current collecting member 263 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 264, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 265 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell near the positive electrode collector body, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 266 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell near the negative electrode collector body.

(electric car)

In general, an electric car is supplied with electric power from a power transmission line through a pantograph, but the overhead line takes a lot of time, and friction between the pantograph and the power transmission line is also a cause of noise.

Therefore, the underbody of the electric car is used as a battery of the chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the electric power of the ternary battery is stored in the vehicle body bottom portion and used as the electric power during traveling.

As a result, no stringing is required.

Fig. 36 is a sectional view of a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery provided on a bottom portion of a train body. In fig. 36, reference numeral 271 denotes a positive collector body, 272 denotes a negative collector body, a plurality of conductive current collecting members 273 serving as partition walls are interposed between the positive collector body 271 and the negative collector body 272, each cell divided by the current collecting members 273 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 274, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 275 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell close to the positive collector body, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 276 are filled in a cell part of the divided cell close to the negative collector body.

For example, when a 1-ton three-way battery is manufactured, 100kWhr of electric power is stored, and with this stored electric power, an electric train running in the suburbs of a city can run for several tens of minutes, and can be charged even in a short time (several minutes) during parking. However, 16 vehicles traveling on the new mainline require 15000kW of electric power at the maximum, and when each vehicle does not have a 4-ton three-way battery mounted, it is impossible to travel for 2 hours, so a three-way battery having a capacity of lessthan 2 tons is preferably mounted with both an engine generator and a fuel cell.

(electric locomotive)

The electric locomotive can run by driving the electric motor with the electric power generated by the engine generator, but has poor follow-up performance to the load fluctuation, and therefore, a flywheel must be mounted. Further, since the energy storage amount of the engine generator is small, the variation of the angular momentum adversely affects the traveling performance.

Therefore, a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is provided between the generator and the motor.

That is, the electric motor is driven by the electric power stored in the three-way battery and used as the electric power for traveling.

As a result, the follow-up to the load fluctuation is improved, and the efficiency of the engine is improved, so that there are advantages in that the maximum output is increased and the emission amount of the pollution-causing substances is reduced.

Fig. 37(a) is a cross-sectional view of an electric vehicle having a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery. In fig. 37(a), reference numeral 281 denotes a cab, 282 denotes an engine generator, 283 denotes a three-way battery, 284 denotes an electric motor, 285 denotes a control device, and 286 denotes drive wheels. Fig. 37(b) is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a mechanism in which a generator drives a motor by a chargeable/dischargeable three-way battery when applied to a turbine engine, where 287 is a compressor, 288 is a fuel tank, 289 is a combustor, air 290 fed from the outside is compressed by the compressor 287, this high-pressure air and fuel in the fuel tank 288 are combusted by the combustor 289 to generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the kinetic energy of this high-temperature and high-pressure gas issupplied to the three-way battery 293 via an expander 291 and the generator 292, and is converted into electric power to be stored, and this electric power is supplied to the motor 295 via the control device 294.

(Power supply vehicle)

Electric locomotives and electric trains are generally supplied with electric power from power transmission lines via pantograph, and therefore cannot travel along a route without electrification and cannot travel even in the event of power failure. Therefore, the power supply vehicle is pulled, and the power supply vehicle is a vehicle equipped with a power generator and a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery, or a vehicle equipped with only a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the motor is driven by the electric power of the power supply vehicle and used as the electric power for running the electric locomotive and the electric train.

As a result, the electric locomotive and the electric train can run even on the non-electrified line.

Fig. 38(a) is a cross-sectional view of an electric locomotive of a traction power supply vehicle, and fig. 38(b) is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a power storage system from a power generator to a chargeable/dischargeable three-way battery when applied to a turbine engine. In fig. 38(a), reference numeral 301 denotes an electric locomotive, 302 denotes a power supply vehicle, and the same components as those in fig. 37 are assigned the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Fig. 38(b) differs from fig. 37(b) in that the control device 294 and the motor 295 in fig. 37(b) are not included.

(Low noise electric car)

In general, an electric car is supplied with electric power from a power transmission line through a pantograph, and therefore, friction between the pantograph and the power transmission line generates noise. Therefore, when traveling in a dense residential area, only low-speed traveling may be possible in order to reduce noise. In addition, even if the electric train as a high-speed transportation device runs slowly, a large amount of time is lost, and the electric train cannot arrive at the destination on time.

Therefore, as a traction power supply of a power supply vehicle configured by a vehicle equipped with a power generator and a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery or a vehicle equipped with only a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery, a ternary battery can be mounted on various vehicles.

That is, the pantograph is retracted during high-speed running, and the vehicle can run with the electric power stored in the three-way battery.

As a result, noise during high-speed traveling can be reduced.

Fig. 39 is a cross-sectional view of a low-noise electric train having a chargeable/dischargeable three-way battery, and is different from the electric locomotive 301 in fig. 38(a) in that a pantograph 311 is added to the electric locomotive 301.

[ Power transmission device for supplying power stored in ternary battery to other devices]

(Electrical wire)

Conventionally, a coaxial cable is used for high-frequency power transmission, and a parallel cable is used for low-frequency power transmission, but when a short-term power failure or a short-term power failure occurs in power from a power supply, the power supply is stopped, and thus a serious accident occurs in a machine which is not allowed to stop working instantaneously.

Therefore, the power transmission line is used as a collector body, and the periphery of the collector body is filled with the powdered active material, so that thepower transmission line also has a function of charging and discharging the ternary battery.

That is, the ternary battery is formed to adjust electric power to a necessary device voltage, and the electric power stored in the ternary battery is supplied in a short time.

As a result, in the device operated with a small direct current, the required electric power can be supplied from the ternary battery in the case of a temporary power failure, and the electric device does not stop operating even when the commercial power supply is temporarily powered off, the power supply is switched, or the power plug is unplugged. Especially, for devices such as personal computers and electric clocks which operate with small electric power, it is possible to sufficiently cope with their electric failure.

Fig. 40(a) is a cross-sectional view of a conventional power transmission line, fig. 40(b) is a cross-sectional view of a power transmission line in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated, and fig. 40(c) is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment in which power is supplied from a power transmission line in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated to a terminal device.

In fig. 40(a), reference numerals 321 and 322 denote power transmission lines. In fig. 40(b), 323 is a positive electrode collector body, and 324 is a negative electrode collector body. A plurality of conductive current collecting members 325 are inserted between the positive collector body 323 and the negative collector body 324 to form a plurality of cells, each of which is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 326, and in the cell part of the divided cell adjacent to the positive collector body, a positive powder active material and an electrolyte solution 327 are filled, and in the cell part of the divided cell adjacent to the negative collector body, a negative powder active material and an electrolyte solution 328 are filled.

In fig. 40(c), 329 is an ac 100v power supply, 330 is an ac 100v power transmission line, 331 is a rectifier, 332 is a power transmission line with a built-in ternary battery, and 333 is a personal computer. For example, when 10 grams (gr) of powder active material is packaged in the power transmission line 332, power can be supplied to the nickel-metal hydride battery at 7.2V and 1A dc for 400 seconds.

(Pole)

In order to transmit electric power, a cable is installed at a high position of the electric pole, but the electric pole structure itself cannot be effectively used.

Therefore, the pole is formed into a structure of a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, electric power is usually supplied from a commercial power supply, and electric power is supplied from a three-way battery of a pole at the time of power failure.

As a result, even when the commercial power supply fails, the power supply is continued without interruption.

Fig. 41 is a sectional view of a pole in which a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is incorporated. In fig. 41, 341 is a ground surface, 342 is a positive electrode, 343 is a negative electrode, a plurality of current collecting members 344 are interposed between these positive and negative electrodes, each cell divided by the current collecting members 344 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 345, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 346 are filled in a cell part near the positive electrode in the divided cell, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 347 are filled in a cell part near the negative electrode in the divided cell.

[ device for converting electric power stored in ternary battery into light energy, kinetic energy, or heat energy]

(electric bulb)

In general, an electric bulb is configured such that a glass vessel is connected to a metal vessel, a filament is disposed in the glass vessel, and power is supplied to the filament through the metal vessel to cause the lamp to emit light. Thus, an external power source is necessary to illuminate the bulb.

Therefore, the metal container portion of the electric bulb is filled with the powdered active material to form a chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery.

That is, the terminal of the ternary battery and the filament terminal of the electric bulb are short-circuited, and light can be emitted.

As a result, the light bulb can be made to emit light even when no external power is supplied.

Fig. 42 is a sectional view of an electric bulb incorporating a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery. In fig. 42, 351 is a positive electrode collector body, 352 is a negative electrode collector body, 353 is an ion permeable separator, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 354 are filled between the positive electrode collector body 351 and the separator 353, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 355 are filled between the negative electrode collector body 352 and the separator 353. 356 is the filament, 357 is the filament terminal, 358 is the battery positive terminal, 359 is the charging receptacle. Since one end of the filament 356 is connected to the negative collector body 352 of the battery, the filament terminal 357 and the positive battery terminal 358 are short-circuited, and the light bulb can emit light.

(electric torch)

In general, a flashlight has a so-called double container structure in which a battery is accommodated in a cylindrical container having a power switch to emit light from a light bulb, but the container of the flashlight is also accommodated in a battery container, which is heavy.

Therefore, a container of a flashlight is used as a collector body, and a powdery active material and an electrolyte are filled in the container to form a rechargeable ternary battery.

I.e. the container of the flashlight is used as the housing for the ternary battery.

As a result, since it is not necessary to incorporate a battery into the conventional flashlight, the flashlight can be reduced in weight and size.

FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view of a flashlight incorporating a rechargeable ternary battery. In fig. 43, reference numeral 361 denotes an electric bulb, reference numeral 362 denotes a switch, reference numeral 363 denotes a positive collector body, reference numeral 364 denotes a negative collector body, reference numeral 365 denotes an ion permeable separator, a positive powder active material and an electrolyte solution 366 are filled between the positive collector body 363 and the separator 365, and a negative powder active material and an electrolyte solution 367 are filled between the negative collector body 364 and the separator 365.

(giant meteorite orbit altering device)

Although a method has been proposed in which a large merle rail is changed by shooting metal shots placed on 2 rails using the power of a lead storage battery as energy and driving the shot shots into the large merle rail, the energy for driving into the merle cannot be satisfied.

Therefore, a rechargeable/dischargeable ternary battery is formed near the ground surface with a large current.

That is, the current stored in the ternary battery is converted into kinetic energy, and the energy for launching the metal projectile into the meteorite by the rail gun (レ - ルガン) is greatly increased.

Fig. 44(a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery formed in the vicinity of the ground surface. In fig. 44(a), reference numeral 371 denotes a ground surface, 372 denotes a positive electrode, 373 denotes a negative electrode, a plurality of conductive current collecting members 374 are inserted between the positive electrode 371 and the negative electrode 372, each cell divided by the current collecting members 374 is divided into 2 parts by an ion permeable separator 375, a positive electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 376 are filled in the part of the divided cell close to the positive electrode, and a negative electrode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 377 are filled in the part of the divided cell close to the negative electrode.

FIG. 44(b) is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a metal projectile shooting apparatus using a rail gun. In fig. 44(b), reference numeral 378 denotes a chargeable/dischargeable ternary battery, reference numeral 379 denotes a metal pellet, reference numeral 380 denotes a brush (ブラシ) of H-shaped steel serving as a positive electrode, and reference numeral 381 denotes a brush of H-shaped steel serving as a negative electrode. For example, a ternary battery having a structure shown in FIG. 44(a) can store 10km of electricity when it is formed in a square of 10km square⁵V10¹³Ampere power. With this electric power, 0.5 × 10 is formed from the sky to the ground¹⁸A magnetic field of watts, which imparts the electromagnetic force to the metal shot. That is, 10 is applied to a 10m wide rail composed of brushes 380 and 381³⁵The force of N accelerates the nickel projectile with the diameter of 50m and the length of 100m to about 1/10000 of the light speed for launching, and can knock down almost all meteorites.

(melting apparatus)

In a melting furnace for melting various materials, a large-power supply apparatus is provided, thereby increasing the equipment cost of the power supply apparatus.

Therefore, a high-output, low-capacity, chargeable and dischargeable ternary battery is installed in the melting furnace.

That is, the three-way battery is charged by an appropriate power generation device, and when the material is melted, the high-output low-capacity electric power stored in the three-way battery is supplied to the melting furnace, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy to melt the material.

This melts the substance with a smaller power supply.

4. Embodiment of the fourth invention

(embodiment 1)

Fig. 45 is a schematic configuration diagram of an alkaline battery according to embodiment 1 of the fourth invention. As shown in figure 45As shown, an anode cell 392 and a cathode cell 393 are provided through an ion permeable separator 391, and the anode cell 392 is filled with an anode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 394, and the cathode cell 393 is filled with a cathode powder active material and an electrolyte solution 395. As the negative electrode powder active material, iron carbide powder may be used, however, a powder mixture of iron carbide and iron may also be used. By iron carbide is meant an iron carbide article, at least a portion of which has Fe₃Chemical composition of C. Such iron carbide can be produced, for example, by the method disclosed in Japanese unexamined patent publication No. 9-48604, which is filed by the present applicant, as described above, but when iron-containing raw materials are reduced and carbonized to obtain iron carbide, it is not necessary to convert all of the iron-containing raw materials into iron carbide. This is because, although the more the carbonized part is formed in the iron carbide, the better the conductivity is, and on the other hand, the more the carbonized part is, the higher the manufacturing cost of the iron carbide product with high conversion rate is. In this regard, Fe of the iron carbide product₃When the iron content of the composition C is 5 atomic% or more, the conductivity necessary as the negative electrode powder active material can be secured, and the production cost can be controlled relatively low.

As the positive electrode powder active material, a powder mixture of manganese dioxide and carbon may be used. The electrolyte solutions in the cathode cell 392 and the anode cell 393 both use an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide.

The separation layer 391 is a film that can pass ions but not powder, and for example, celadon, ion exchange resin film, metal fiber, nonwoven fabric, or the like can be used. Negative electrode current collector 396 and positive electrode current collector 397 each made of an electrically conductive material are provided in negative electrode cell 392 and positive electrode cell 393, and these current collectors 396 and 397 are connected to load device 398. Current collectors 396, 397 are preferably metal that is not corroded by the alkaline solution, for example, nickel plated carbon steel plates may be used.

Hereinafter, the discharge of the alkaline primary battery according to embodiment 1 of the fourth invention will be described in detail.

When the battery is connected to a load device 398, negative electrode current collector 396 discharges electrons to an external circuit, and the discharged electrons pass from negative electrode current collector 396 to positive electrode current collector 397 through load device 398. Electrons react with the positive electrode powder active material from the positive electrode current collector 397 directly or while moving through the powder active material. The negative ions generated by the positive electrode powder active material receiving electrons pass through the separator 391 to the negative electrode pool 392, where they react with the negative electrode powder active material to release electrons. The electrons are supplied to the load device 398 through the powder or directly move to the negative electrode current collector 396. The above cycle is repeated.

The discharge reaction is divided into a negative electrode side and a positive electrode side, and when the discharge reaction is expressed by a chemical formula, the discharge reaction can be expressed as follows.

(cathode)

(Positive electrode)

Fig. 45 is a schematic view showing only the structure of an alkaline battery cell, and various structures such as a cylindrical structure and a laminated structure can be adopted.

(embodiment 2)

Fig. 46 is a schematic configuration diagram of an alkaline secondary battery according to embodiment 2 of the fourth invention. The same components as those in fig. 45 are assigned the same reference numerals and will not be described. The difference from fig. 45 is that in fig. 46, a powder mixture of nickel hydroxide and carbon is used as the positive electrode powder active material, and fluidized fluid dispersion devices 399 and 400 are provided. In addition, a load device (during discharging) or a power generation device (during charging) 401 may be provided in place of the load device 398.

In order to improve the contact efficiency between the powders in negative electrode bath 392 and positive electrode bath 393 or between the powders and current collectors 396 and 397, a gas or a liquid is supplied into each of baths 392 and 393 by fluidized fluid dispersing devices 399 and 400. In addition to the fluidizing fluid dispersing apparatuses 399 and 400, stirring apparatuses such as blade stirrers may be provided in the respective cells 392 and 393, and instead of the fluidizing fluid dispersing apparatuses 399 and 400, the powder may be fluidized.

In the charge and discharge of the alkaline secondary battery of embodiment 2 of the fourth invention, since the discharge reaction is the same as that described for the alkaline primary battery, the description is omitted. The charging reaction is explained below.

When the battery is connected to the power generation device 401, electrons emitted from the power generation device 401 reach the negative electrode current collector 396, and the electrons react with the negative electrode powder active material directly or while moving toward the inside of the powder active material by the negative electrode current collector 396. The negative electrode powder active material receives electrons to generate anions, which pass through the separation layer 391 to enter the positive electrode reservoir 393, and reacts with the positive electrode powder active material to emit electrons. The electrons are supplied to power generation device 401 through the powder or directly transferred to positive electrode current collector 397. The above cycle is repeated.

The above discharge reaction and charge reaction are divided into a negative electrode side, a positive electrode side and the whole battery, and when expressed by a chemical formula, are expressed asfollows.

(cathode)

(Positive electrode)

(entire battery)

In the above formula, the right arrow indicates a discharge reaction, and the left arrow indicates a charge reaction.

Fig. 46 shows only a schematic configuration of an alkaline secondary battery, and various structures such as a cylindrical type and a laminated type can be adopted.

(discharge curve)

Fig. 47 shows an example of a discharge curve of the alkaline secondary battery (nominal capacity of 3Ah) according to the fourth invention. In fig. 47, the vertical axis represents the terminal voltage (V) and the horizontal axis represents the capacitance (Ah). This alkaline secondary battery uses an iron carbide powder (iron carbide containing about 30 atomic% of iron) as a negative electrode active material, and a powder mixture of nickel hydroxide and carbon as a positive electrode active material. At this time, nitrogen gas was introduced into the cell by the fluidizing fluid dispersing apparatuses 399 and 400. As is clear from fig. 47, the discharge voltage did not tend to decrease rapidly, and the discharge characteristics were good.

5. Embodiment of the fifth invention

Fig. 48 is a schematic configuration of an apparatus for carrying out the regionally distributed power generation method according to embodiment 1 of the fifth invention. In fig. 48, an automobile 411 includes an engine 412 such as a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, and a gas turbine, a generator 413, a mobile power source battery (battery) 414 for storing electric power, and an electric motor (motor) 415. The automobile 411 uses the engine 412 to start the generator 413 to generate electric power, which is stored in the mobile power source battery 414. When the automobile 411 travels for its intended purpose, the motor 415 is driven by the electric power of the engine 412 and the battery 414, and when the traveling load is small, the automobile can travel only by the motor 415.

When the vehicle is parked, the vehicle or the like having the above-described configuration can be used as a stationary power generation system for a home or an office, which is the method and the apparatus of the fifth invention. Instead of the device for generating electric power by starting the generator with the engine, an automobile or the like mounted with a device for generating electric power by a fuel cell may be used. Not only an automobile but also a motorcycle, a motor tricycle, a ship, or the like may be used as long as they have the same functions.

As shown in fig. 48, when the automobile 411 is parked in the garage of the residence 416, the stationary battery (storage battery) 418 provided in the residence 416 is connected to the mobile source battery 414 mounted on the automobile 411 by the connector 417, and the generator 413 is driven by the engine 412 to supply the generated electric power to the stationary battery 418 for charging. Power from the stationary battery 418 is converted to ac by the converter 419 to regulate voltage for the load 420. Although not shown in the figure, a commercial power supply may be connected between the inverter 419 and each load 420. The fixed battery 418 may be used by being directly connected to a load using direct current.

When the battery capacity of motive source battery 414 decreases, engine 412 may be started to drive generator 413 for charging. In this case, a muffler may be attached to the outside of the exhaust pipe of the automobile 411 in order to reduce the exhaust sound of the engine.

As shown in fig. 48, when the wind power generation equipment and the solar power generation equipment are installed in the residence 416, that is, when the power generated by the wind power generator 421 and the solar battery 422 is supplied to the stationary battery 418, the power is used for the load 420 together with the power from the movement source battery 414. When the wind power generation equipment and the solar power generation equipment are installed in a residence alone or in combination, a large-capacity storage battery (battery) is required, and the equipment cost is increased, but by supplying electric power from the storage battery (battery) mounted on an automobile or the like, the storage battery (fixed battery 418) installed in the residence can be reduced in size, and the equipment cost can be significantly reduced.

The battery capacity of the mobile source battery 414 is small, and when the power consumption of the load 420 is larger than the power generation amount by the wind power generator 421 and the solar battery 422, the mobile source battery 414 can be charged with the power stored in the stationary battery 418.

In the present embodiment, the case where the wind power generation facility and the solar power generation facility are installed in the residence 416 has been described, but the use of wind power and solar energy is optional, and needless to say, a configuration in which the wind power generator 421, the solar battery 422, and the stationary battery 418 are not installed is also possible. That is, at the minimum, it is preferable to provide a converter 419, and connect the converter 419 and the portable power source battery 414 by the connector 417, so that the electric power of the automobile can be applied to the home.

In the present embodiment, although only the power system is described, heat energy generated by an air conditioner, a radiator, and the like of an automobile or the like is applied to a home and cogeneration is possible. For example, hot air, cold air, or the like discharged from an air conditioner, a radiator, or the like of an automobile or the like is supplied to a residence through a duct for use in air conditioning at home. Although not symbiotic, the heat energy generated by an air conditioner, a radiator, and the like of an automobile and the like can be utilized in an outgoing place such as an tent, a villa, and the like.

As described above, the conventional domestic cogeneration facility costs a lot, and is not cost-effective if it is not used for a long time, and in the solar power generation, although half of the facility costs are covered by the national burden, it is not economically valid even in this case, and as a result, the budget is excessively increased. Therefore, the existing symbiotic facility is not installed alone, and the electric energy generated by the automobile or the like originally existing as the moving and conveying device is used for the household, so that the household facility cost can be greatly reduced, and the distributed power generation can be promoted.

When a device that generates electricity by starting a generator using an engine or a device that generates electricity using a fuel cell is mounted in an automobile or the like together with a battery for storing electricity, the amount of electricity supplied from the battery is several tens of KWhr, and thus electricity consumed by just one household can be supplied. When going out, most automobiles are used, and the power supply for moving and the power supply for fixing are separated, that is, the power supply during moving and the power supply during parking are separated in time.

For example, a home power generation facility that is purchased in 300 ten thousand yen cannot be economically established from the viewpoint of a purchase price difference from electric power, but a car of 300 ten thousand yen is economically established not only as a power generation facility but also as a moving and transporting device that is originally intended.

The movable source battery 414 and the stationary battery 418 may be, for example, batteries having a ternary structure in which active materials on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side are powdered as shown in fig. 1 to 12. Thus, in the case of the battery having the ternary structure, it is possible to discard a part or all of the deteriorated active material powder, and for example, according to embodiment 7 of the first invention, it is preferable that the charging can be started immediately by regenerating the deteriorated powder with the regenerator 27 of fig. 10 and supplying new powder corresponding to the amount of the discarded powder into the container.

Although the present embodiment has been described only for home use, the same applies to business use.

Possibility of industrial application

The present invention is constituted as described above, and is a battery of ternary structure which can store a large amount of electric power by powdering an active material, and a device or apparatus having the battery as a partial structure, an alkaline primary battery and an alkaline secondary battery which are less likely to lower a discharge voltage and have a long life, and a region-dispersed power generation apparatus suitable for utilizing power of a moving/transporting apparatus such as a motorcycle, a motor tricycle, an automobile, and a ship.

Description of the symbols

1. 43, 96, 104, 114, 123, 135, 143, 155, 163, 175, 205, 211, 225, 232, 244, 254, 264, 274, 326, 345, 353, 365, 375, 391-ion permeable barrier layer; 2. 55, 392-negative pool; 3. 54, 393-positive cell; 4. 98, 106, 116, 125, 139, 145, 157, 165, 177, 208, 214, 228, 235, 246, 256, 266, 276, 328, 347, 355, 367, 377, 394 — negative electrode powder active material and electrolyte solution; 5. 97, 105, 115, 124, 137, 144, 156, 164, 176, 207, 213, 227, 234, 245, 255, 265, 275, 327, 346, 354, 366, 376, 395-positive electrode powder active material and electrolyte solution; 6. 396-negative current collector; 7. 397 — positive current collector; 8-a load device or a power generation device; 9. 399, 400-a fluidized fluid dispersion device; 10-electrolyte interface; 11-a plate-shaped negative electrode current collector; 12-a plate-shaped positive electrode collector; 13-a tubular negative electrode current collector; 14-a tubular positive electrode current collector; 15-negative current collector and disperser; 16-positive current collector and disperser; 17-negative current collector and mixer; 18-positive current collector and stirrer; 19-a fluidized fluid disperser; 20-hydrogen absorbing alloy powder and electrolyte solution; 21-nickel hydroxide powder and an electrolyte solution; 22-negative electrode collector-cum-heat transfer tube; 23-positive electrode collector cum heat transfer tube; 24-a negative current collector-cum-heat transfer plate; 25-positive current collector-cum-heat transfer plate; 26-a separator; 27-a regenerator; 28-a mixer; 29-make-up powder funnel; 30-a reactor; 31-a fuel supply pipe; 41. 41-1-41-5-stacked ternary batteries; 42-a cell member; 45. 94, 103, 113, 134, 142, 154, 156, 174, 243, 253, 263, 273, 325, 344, 347-current collecting means; 46. 111, 126, 136, 152, 204, 210, 224, 231, 241, 251, 261, 271, 323, 351, 363-positive collector body; 47. 112, 127, 138, 153, 206, 212, 226, 233, 242, 252, 262, 272, 324, 352, 364-a negative collector body; 48-a gasket; 49-bolt; 56-cell; 57. 398-a load device; 58-a charger; 59. 60, 61-stirring device; n, h, A, B-powder (active substance); kappa, r-electrolyte solution; 71. 72-a blower; 81. 82, 83-terminal; 91-outer shell of door; 92-positive terminal; 93-negative terminal; 101-pier blocks; 121-a heat sink body; 131-roof; 141-a hood; 151-asphalt laid; 162-food utensil body; 166-a heat generating element (or cooling element); 171-concave bed; 172. 342, 372, 380-positive pole; 173. 343, 373, 381-negative electrode; 182-positive pool internal heat exchanger; 185-negative cell internal heat exchanger; 192-a trailer; 282-an engine generator; 283. 293, 378-ternary batteries; 284. 295-an electric motor; 292-a generator; 301-electric locomotive; 302-power supply vehicle; 311-a pantograph; 321. 322-a power transmission line; 332-power transmission line with built-in ternary battery; 341-ground surface; 356-filament; 357-filament terminals; 358-cell positive terminal; 361-electric bulb; 379-metal shot; 398-a load device; 401-a power generation device; 411-automobile; 412-an engine; 413-a generator; 414 — mobile source battery; 415-an electric motor; 416-a dwelling; 417-a connector; 418-fixing the battery; 419-a current transformer; 420-load; 421-a wind power generator; 422-solar cell.

Claims (45)

1. A battery is characterized in that one of 2 containers connected by a member through which ions can pass but electrons cannot pass is filled with an active material powder capable of releasing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution, the other container is filled with an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution, and a conductor current collector in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers.

2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein at least one of a fluid dispersing device and a stirring device for fluidizing the active material powders in the electrolyte solution in the 2 containers by a liquid or a gas is connected to the 2 containers or is provided in the 2 containers so that the active material powders are brought into effective contact with each other and the active material powders are brought into contact with the current collecting device.

3. The battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the current collecting means in contact with the active material powder is in any one of a rod-like shape, a plate-like shape and a tube-like shape.

4. The battery according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the current collector in contact with the active material powder is used as at least one of a fluid dispersing device and a stirring device for fluidizing the active material powder in the container by a liquid or a gas.

5. The battery according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein a heat transfer body for maintaining a reaction temperature in the battery constant is provided in 2 containers.

6. The battery according to claim 5, wherein the heat transfer member is one of a tubular current collector and a plate-like current collector which are in contact with the active material powder.

7. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the 2 containers are connected to an extraction device for extracting deteriorated active material powder from the containers and a supply device for supplying the active material powder into the containers, respectively.

8. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the extraction means is connected to at least one of a regeneration means for regenerating the extracted active material powder and a replenishment means for replenishing the active material powder, and the regenerated or newly replaced active material powder is supplied into the container by the supply means.

9. The battery according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a reaction means for converting the extracted active material powder into a charged state powder by a thermal reaction or a chemical reaction is connected to the extraction means, and the charged active material powder is supplied from the supply means into the container.

10. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the active material powder on the negative electrode side is a hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, and the active material powder on the positive electrode side is a nickel hydroxide powder.

11. The battery according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the active material powder on the negative electrode side is a hydrogen-absorbing alloy powder, the gas introduced into the fluidized fluid distribution device on the negative electrode side is hydrogen gas, the active material powder on the positive electrode side is nickel hydroxide powder, and the gas introduced into the fluidized fluid distribution device on the positive electrode side is oxygen gas or air.

12. A three-way battery is characterized in that a plurality of unit cells formed by filling one cell with an electrolyte solution and adding an active material powder capable of emitting electrons to the electrolyte solution to form a suspension, and filling the other cell with an electrolyte solution and adding an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons to the electrolyte solution to form a suspension are connected in series and integrated by a conductive current collecting member which also serves as the cell partition wall and contacts with the powder, and collector bodies which contact with the powder and also serve as a positive electrode and a negative electrode are provided in the cells at both ends, thereby forming a laminated three-way battery.

13. The ternary battery according to claim 12, wherein a stirring device for fluidizing active material powder suspended in the electrolyte solution is provided in each cell.

14. The ternary battery according to claim 12 or 13, wherein an integrally formed conductive post is extended from the current collecting member or the current collecting body into each cell.

15. The battery according to claim 13, wherein a function of stopping the powder from flowing is added to the stirring device in order to reduce the amount of electricity sent from the battery.

16. The ternary battery according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the active material that emits electrons is a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, cadmium, iron, zinc, or lead.

17. The ternary battery according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the electron-absorbing active material is basic nickel hydroxide, lead dioxide or manganese dioxide.

18. A device or apparatus having a partial structure of a ternary structure battery, characterized by having a function as a chargeable and dischargeable power storage device, wherein an active material powder capable of emitting electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in one of 2 containers connected by amember capable of passing only ions but not electrons, an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in the other container, and a conductor collector in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers.

19. The apparatus or installation of claim 18, wherein at least one of the fluid dispersing means and the stirring means for fluidizing the active substance powder suspended in the electrolyte solution in the 2 containers by the liquid or the gas is connected to the 2 containers or is installed in the 2 containers.

20. An apparatus or device as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein the apparatus or device is a rotary apparatus powered by electricity stored in a battery.

21. An apparatus or device as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein the apparatus or device is a mobile object powered by battery stored electricity.

22. An appliance or device as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein the appliance or device is a power delivery means for supplying stored battery power to other appliances.

23. An apparatus or device as claimed in claim 18 or 19, wherein the apparatus or device is an apparatus for converting battery stored electricity into light, kinetic or thermal energy.

24. An apparatus or device according to any one of claims 18 to 23 wherein the active material capable of releasing electrons is a hydrogen absorbing alloy, cadmium, iron, zinc or lead.

25. An apparatus or installation according to any one of claims 18 to 24, wherein the active material capable of absorbing electrons is basic nickel hydroxide, lead dioxide or manganese dioxide.

26. An apparatus or installation as claimed in any one of claims 18 to 25, in which the electrolyte solution is potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution or dilute sulphuric acid.

27. An alkaline battery cell comprising a positive electrode collector body, a positive electrode active material and an electrolyte solution, a separator which allows ions to pass but does not allow electrons to pass, a negative electrode active material and an electrolyte solution, and a negative electrode collector body, wherein a metal carbide or a mixture of a metal carbide and the metal is used as the negative electrode active material.

28. An alkaline secondary battery, characterized in that a positive electrode collector body, a positive electrode active material and an electrolyte solution, a separator which can pass ions but cannot pass electrons, a negative electrode active material and an electrolyte solution, and a negative electrode collector body are sequentially arranged, and a metal carbide or a mixture of a metal carbide and the metal is used as a negative electrode active material.

29. The primary alkaline battery of claim 27 wherein the positive and negative electrode active materials are both powders.

30. The alkaline secondary battery of claim 28, wherein the positive and negative electrode active materials are powders.

31. The primary alkaline battery of claim 27 or 29 wherein the metal is iron and the metal carbide is iron carbide.

32. The alkaline secondary battery of claim 28 or 30, wherein the metal is iron and the metal carbide is iron carbide.

33. A regional distributed power generation method characterized by comprising mounting a mobile/transportation device of any one of a motorcycle, a motor tricycle, an automobile and a ship which is driven by the power of a motor driven by the power of an engine such as a gasoline engine, a diesel engine and a gas turbine and a battery for storing the generated power, wherein the battery mounted on the mobile/transportation device is connected to an inverter provided in a residence or a business place when the vehicle is stopped or the ship is stopped, the power generated by the generator of the mobile/transportation device is used as a load of the residence or the business place, and the mobile/transportation device for stopping or the ship is used as a stationary power generation facility of the residence or the business place.

34. The regionally distributed power generation method of claim 33, wherein a means for generating power by the fuel cell and a means for transporting the battery storing power are used instead of the means for transporting the battery storing power and the means for generating power by the generator using the engine.

35. The distributed power generation method according to claim 33 or 34, wherein at least one of solar power generation and wind power generation is installed in a residence or office, a stationary battery for storing power generated by the facility is connected to a battery mounted on a mobile/transportation device for parking or stopping a ship, the stationary battery is charged, and power from the stationary battery is converted into alternating current by an inverter to adjust a voltage to be used by a load of the residence or office.

36. The regionally distributed power generation method of claim 35, wherein the battery of the moving and transporting apparatus for parking or stopping the ship is charged using electric power generated by at least one of solar power generation and wind power generation.

37. The district dispersed power generation method according to claim 33, 34 or 35, wherein the medium heat or/and the low heat generated by the moving and transporting apparatus which stops or parks the ship is supplied to the residence or office for co-production.

38. The regionally distributed power generation method according to claim 33, 34, 35 or 37, wherein a muffler is attached to an outside of the mobile transportation device in order to reduce exhaust sound of an engine when the generator is started by the engine to supply electric power to a residence or a business office when the mobile transportation device of any one of a motorcycle, a three-wheeled motorcycle and an automobile is stopped.

39. The region-dispersed power generation method according to claim 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 or 38, wherein a ternary structure battery is used in which an active material powder capable of releasing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in one of 2 containers connected by a member capable of passing ions but not capable of passing electrons, an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in the other container, and a conductor current collector in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers.

40. A region-dispersed power generation device is characterized by comprising a part,

a moving/transporting device for any one of a motorcycle, a motor tricycle, an automobile and a ship, which is equipped with a device for generating electric power by a generator using any one of an engine such as a gasoline engine, a diesel engine and a gas turbine, a battery for storing the generated electric power, and which travels by the force of the engine and a motor driven by the electric power from the battery, and a vehicle equipped with the moving/transporting device

A current transformer provided in the dwelling or office for supplying ac overvoltage-regulated power to each load of the dwelling or office, and

a connector for connecting a battery mounted on the moving/transporting apparatus to a converter installed in a residence or business place when the vehicle is parked or stopped, and

the electric power generated by the generator of the mobile/transmission device is supplied to the load of the residence or office.

41. The regionally distributed power generation assembly of claim 40, wherein the transport device is a transport device having a fuel cell for generating power and a battery for storing power.

42. The area-distributed power generation apparatus according to claim 40 or 41, wherein at least one of solar power generation and wind power generation is installed in a residence or business, power generated by the equipment is stored in a fixed battery, and is used by a load through an inverter connected to the fixed battery, and a battery mounted on the mobile/transportation device at the time of parking or stopping the vehicle is connected to the fixed battery through a connector, and power generated by the generator of the mobile/transportation device is supplied to the fixed battery.

43. The regionally distributed power generation system of claim 42, wherein the fixed battery storing the electric power generated by any one of the solar power generation and the wind power generation supplies the electric power to the battery in the moving and transporting device when the vehicle is stopped or the ship is stopped.

44. The district-dispersed power generation facility according to claim 40, 41 or 42, wherein the heat source of the transport system is connected to the residence or office through a pipeline, and the medium heat or/and low heat generated by the transport system in the parked or parked ship is supplied to the residence or office to constitute an cogeneration system.

45. The area-dispersed power generation device according to claim 40, 41, 42, 43 or 44, wherein a ternary-structure battery having a configuration in which an active material powder capable of releasing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in one of 2 containers connected by a member capable of passing ions but not capable of passing electrons, an active material powder capable of absorbing electrons suspended in an electrolyte solution is filled in the other container, and a conductor current collector in contact with the active material powder is provided in the 2 containers is used.

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