CN1693682B - 滑槽设计的混合叶片以及相关方法 - Google Patents

滑槽设计的混合叶片以及相关方法 Download PDF

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CN1693682B
CN1693682B CN2005100669261A CN200510066926A CN1693682B CN 1693682 B CN1693682 B CN 1693682B CN 2005100669261 A CN2005100669261 A CN 2005100669261A CN 200510066926 A CN200510066926 A CN 200510066926A CN 1693682 B CN1693682 B CN 1693682B
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史蒂文·S·伯德吉克
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/147Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/14Form or construction
    • F01D5/16Form or construction for counteracting blade vibration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/28Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/282Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/30Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
    • F05D2230/10Manufacture by removing material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/20Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/29Three-dimensional machined; miscellaneous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/21Oxide ceramics
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/21Oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/2102Glass
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/50Vibration damping features

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种蒸汽轮机叶轮,包括多个固定于所述轮圆周周围的叶片,每个叶片(58)包括一个柄部(12)和一个翼型部分(14),所述翼型部分具有至少一个填充有填充材料(68)的滑槽(64),其中,在所述叶片前缘(76)附近的滑槽中至少有一个边缘(74)形成有一个根切(78)。

Description

滑槽设计的混合叶片以及相关方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蒸汽轮机叶片(或叶片),尤其涉及一种在混合或复合叶片中附着填充材料。
背景技术
蒸汽轮机叶片工作于高离心载荷和振动应力的环境中。当叶片的固有频率达到共振时,振动应力增加。当叶片进行共振振动时,振动应力的大小与系统中的阻尼大小(阻尼程度的大小可以通过材料以及气动力学组件和机械组件达到)以及振动的激励水平成比例。
同时,离心载荷是操作速度、叶片质量以及距该质量所在的发动机中心线的半径的函数。随着叶片质量的增加,径向高度较低处的物理面积或剖面面积必须有所增加,这样才能承担上面的质量而不超过给定材料的许用应力。在叶片宽度较小的区域增加横截面积会导致在根部过多地阻碍流动,从而降低性能。叶片重量的增加也会造成较高的轮盘应力(diskstresses),从而潜在地降低了可靠性。
若干美国在先专利涉及到所谓的“混合”叶片设计,其中金属叶片的翼型部分形成有一个或多个滑槽,滑槽中装有聚合物(或者聚合物/金属、玻璃或陶瓷混合)填充材料。这些在先专利包括美国专利No.6,287,080、6,139,278、6,042,338、6,039,542、6,033,186、5,947,688、5,931,641和5,720,597。也可以参见2003年4月16日提交的序号为No.10/249,518的共同待审的共有申请。现有技术还没有解决的一个方面就是无法将填充物更可靠地附着于形成于所述叶片翼型部分的滑槽或多个滑槽中这一问题。
更具体的说,蒸气流对叶片表面的较大入射角会导致铸型聚合物填充物与形成于所述叶片翼型部分的滑槽中分离。换句话说,蒸气流对叶片表的较大入射角会带来较大的风险,即流体往往会趋于将填充物材料“抬离”所述滑槽表面。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种沿着形成于叶片翼型部分滑槽中一个或多个边缘的边缘几何结构,这种结构可以提高填充物在交界面处的附着力,尤其是在蒸气流场的入射角较大时。本发明使用了,例如美国专利No.5,931,641所揭示的混合叶片的概念,经过扩展,这一概念包含了对叶片翼型部分中滑槽形状所进行的最优化设计,从而提高了填充物材料的附着力。
在示例性实施例中,所述滑槽的边缘区域,优选情况下为滑槽沿所述叶片的前缘延伸的边缘形成有一个“根切”。该根切可以作用为不允许较大入射角的蒸气流试图将聚合物(或者聚合物/金属混合物)填充物“抬离”所述滑槽。因此,所述根切可以保护填充物/叶片交界面部分免受具有最大入射角的流入蒸气流的影响。不过,所述根切也可以进行扩展从而将滑槽或多个滑槽的后缘或者甚至所有边缘都包括在内。
因此,从较大的方面来讲,本发明涉及一种蒸汽轮机叶轮,其中包括有多个围绕所述叶轮圆周固定的叶片,每个叶片包括一个柄部和一个翼型部分,所述翼型部分中具有至少一个装有填充材料的滑槽,叶片前缘附近的滑槽中至少一个边缘形成有一个根切。
在另一方面,本发明涉及一种蒸汽轮机叶轮,其包括一排围绕所述轮的圆周固定的叶片,每个叶片形成有一个或多个滑槽,滑槽中装有填充材料,所述翼型前缘附近的滑槽的至少有一个边缘包含有能够增加填充材料相对于叶片的附着力的装置。
在另一方面,本发明涉及一种涡轮叶片,所述叶片包括一个柄部和一个翼型部分,所述翼型部分至少具有一个装有填充材料的滑槽,叶片前缘附近的滑槽中至少一个边缘中形成有一个根切。
下面将结合附图详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1是部分制造完成的叶片的透视图,示出了叶片翼型部分中没有进行填充的滑槽的外形;
图2是与图1相似的叶片视图,图中已经在滑槽中加入填充材料;
图3是另一个混合叶片的局部平面图,示出了沿叶片翼型部分的多重填充滑槽;
图4是图3所示的叶片的剖面图;
图5是按照本发明示例性实施例所构造的混合叶片的正视图;
图6是图5中沿线6-6截取的剖面;以及
图7是从图6取得的放大细节。
具体实施方式
参照图1,蒸汽轮机叶片10以部分制造完成的形式示出。所述叶片10包括一个柄部12和一个翼型部分14。所述翼型部分优选使用铁或钛制造,但是也可以使用其它适合材料,包括铝、钴或镍。翼肋16、18与所述翼型部分一体铸成,从而形成有分立的滑槽20、22和24。不过,应该正确理解的是,所述翼肋并不与所述翼型部分的边缘26、28高度相同。所述翼肋高度实际上是根据特定的应用而有所变化的。基于聚合物(或者聚合物/金属、玻璃或陶瓷混合物)的填充材料30,例如,如美国专利No.6,287,080和5,931,641所述,现场浇铸于所述翼型的压力侧面上,填充所述滑槽20、22和24,并覆盖所述翼肋,从而在所述叶片的压力侧上形成有光滑的表面,如图2所示。
图3和图4示出了另一种已知的混合叶片构造,其中所述叶片34沿叶片中翼型部分42的压力侧形成有若干分立的滑槽36、38、40等。在这种构造中,填充材料44(图4)单独铸造于每个滑槽中,其中的填充材料与周围的翼型表面高度相同。因此,每个分立滑槽在外部是可见的。图4也示出了为滑槽46、48形成侧面50、52以及54、56的常规作法,所述侧面50、52以及54、56在与翼型部分外表面的交界处沿径向向外弯曲(以相对于附近翼型表面的斜角)。
目前,可用于将所述填充材料30或44粘结于所述翼型部分的金属表面的方法包括但不局限于:自粘合、在填充材料30或44与翼型部分的金属表面之间的粘合、使用粘合剂(粘合膜或胶)以及熔化粘合。不过,正如上面所述,这些粘合技术不足以防止填充物沿着暴露于较大入射角蒸汽流的填充物-叶片交界处分离。按照本发明的示例性实施例,并参照图5和6,通过沿所述滑槽的一些或所有边缘采用根切来提高所述填充物的附着力。首先参照图5,所述叶片58在叶片的翼型部分的压力侧66上形成有三个填充聚合物的滑槽60、62和64。填充材料68如图所示是现场浇铸的,其中的填充材料与周围的翼型表面高度相同。如图6所示,按照现有技术,滑槽64由最接近与所述翼型外表面光滑交界的叶片的后缘72的边缘70限定。但是,与所述前缘76最接近的滑槽边缘74现在形成有一个根切78,该根切在与附近的翼型表面交界处构成了一个锐角α,从图7中可以很清楚地看到。所述根切本身的半径R取决于所述前缘附近翼型的厚度可大可小,并且所述半径逐渐与所述滑槽的后壁80混合,以便减小由所述根切带来的集中应力。应该理解的是,施加的方式以及填充物材料的组成可以与现有技术相同。
也应该理解的是,所述滑槽的整体构型可以根据需要而变化,在这里本发明主要涉及沿一个或多个滑槽的边缘包括有一个根切,尤其是沿离所述滑槽前缘最接近(或相邻)的边缘,在此处,所述填充材料与所述滑槽压力侧上的相邻外表面交界。不过,所述根切可以进行延伸,以包括与所述滑槽后缘最接近(或相邻)的滑槽后缘,或者甚至包括一个或多个滑槽的所有边缘。如上面所述,包含根切可以防止蒸气流在最脆弱的位置,即沿所述翼型的前缘,分离滑槽中的填充材料。
虽然本发明在描述过程中使用了目前认为是最切实有效的以及最优选的实施例,但是需要理解的是本发明并不是限制于所揭示的实施例,相反,其目的是覆盖在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种修改方式以及相等同的构造。

Claims (7)

1.一种金属蒸汽轮机叶片(58),该叶片(58)包括一个柄部(12)和一个翼型部分(14),所述翼型部分具有至少一个填充有填充材料(68)的滑槽(64),所述填充材料包括非金属材料,其中,在所述叶片前缘(76)附近的滑槽中的至少一个边缘形成有一个根切(78),该根切在与附近的翼型表面交界处构成了一个锐角(α)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属蒸汽轮机叶片,其中,所述根切(78)沿着在所述叶片后缘(72)附近的滑槽的第二边缘(70)而形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的金属蒸汽轮机叶片,其中,所述根切(78)沿所述滑槽的整个外围边缘而形成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的金属蒸汽轮机叶片,其中,所述填充材料包括聚合物和金属、玻璃或陶瓷的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的金属蒸汽轮机叶片,其中,所述至少一个滑槽(64)形成在所述翼型部分的压力侧(66)上。
6.一种蒸汽轮机叶轮,包括多个固定于所述轮圆周周围的叶片,每个叶片(58)包括一个柄部(12)和一个翼型部分(14),所述翼型部分具有至少一个填充有填充材料(68)的滑槽(64),其中,在所述叶片前缘(76)附近的滑槽中的至少一个边缘形成有一个根切(78),该根切在与附近的翼型表面交界处构成一个锐角(α)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的蒸汽轮机叶轮,其中,所述根切沿着在所述叶片后缘(72)附近的滑槽的第二边缘(70)而形成。
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CN1693678A (zh) 2005-11-09
US20050249601A1 (en) 2005-11-10
EP1593811B1 (en) 2012-07-11
US7104760B2 (en) 2006-09-12
EP1593811A2 (en) 2005-11-09
JP2005337244A (ja) 2005-12-08
JP5101800B2 (ja) 2012-12-19

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